JP3549835B2 - Waste solidified fuel manufacturing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Waste solidified fuel manufacturing method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP3549835B2
JP3549835B2 JP2000362546A JP2000362546A JP3549835B2 JP 3549835 B2 JP3549835 B2 JP 3549835B2 JP 2000362546 A JP2000362546 A JP 2000362546A JP 2000362546 A JP2000362546 A JP 2000362546A JP 3549835 B2 JP3549835 B2 JP 3549835B2
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waste
molding machine
exhaust gas
temperature
fuel
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JP2002161291A (en
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登志夫 道本
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Kawasaki Motors Ltd
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Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、都市ごみ等の一般廃棄物、産業廃棄物等を処理して得られる可燃物を成形して固形化燃料を製造する方法及び装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
廃棄物から固形化燃料を製造する技術として、例えば、特開平７−１５０１５８号公報には、ごみを破砕、乾燥、選別した後、得られた可燃物を円盤状ダイ式成形機に投入し、円盤状ダイ式成形機で発生する摩擦熱を利用して圧縮成形するという方法及び装置が開示されている。
また、例えば、特開平９−３８６１４号公報には、ブリケットマシーンに入る前のごみを成形に適する温度に調整するために、乾燥ごみを乾燥工程からの熱風排ガスの一部を用いて予熱し、成形に適する温度になった乾燥ごみをブリケットマシーンに投入して固形化する方法が開示されている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記の特開平７−１５０１５８号公報記載の方法及び装置では、成形機の運転開始時は機内温度が常温付近であるため、ごみ中の軟化点の高い物質が軟化せずダイ中を通過するときの摩擦抵抗が大きく、電動機の負荷が高くなり、運転が停止したりごみが成形機中に閉塞し排出されないという問題点があった。また、定常運転時に機内温度（雰囲気温度）の制御ができないという問題点もあった。特に、過度の摩擦による発熱等があった場合は成形機の運転を停止するしかなく、機内温度を下げて制御することは不可能であった。
【０００４】
また、上記の特開平９−３８６１４号公報記載の方法では、乾燥排ガスを外気と混合することがなく、乾燥ごみの予熱は乾燥排ガス温度に依存するので、成形機での温度は制御が困難である。また、過度の摩擦による発熱等があった場合に成形機内を冷却して温度制御することは不可能である。また、乾燥排ガスを貯留ホッパーに導入してごみ自体を加熱するので、貯留ホッパー内で蒸発した水分が結露したり、乾燥ごみがブリケットマシーンに投入される際に放熱するという問題点があった。
【０００５】
本発明は上記の諸点に鑑みなされたもので、本発明の目的は、廃棄物を固形化燃料に成形するに際し、乾燥工程からの乾燥排ガスの一部又は乾燥排ガスの一部と外気との混合ガスを成形機に導入し、成形機内のごみと接する部分を固形化燃料の成形に適する温度まで予熱し成形することにより、成形機内での摩擦抵抗が小さくなり、固形化燃料の閉塞が防止でき、しかも、所要電力が低減できる廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法及び装置を提供することにある。
また、本発明の目的は、成形機に導入する乾燥排ガスと外気との混合比率を任意に調整可能とすることにより、成形機内のごみと接する部分を固形化燃料の成形に最適な温度に保持することができ、成形機内の温度が成形に適する温度を超えた場合でも、外気による希釈比率を大きくして最適温度まで冷却することができる廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法及び装置を提供することにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明の廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法は、廃棄物を乾燥させる工程を包含し、乾燥後の廃棄物を成形機で成形する固形化燃料製造方法において、乾燥工程からの乾燥排ガスの一部を必要に応じて外気と混合して成形機に導入し、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を固形化燃料の成形に適する温度に予熱又は冷却するように構成されている。
また、本発明の方法は、破砕した廃棄物を乾燥させ燃焼不適物を除去し成形機で成形する固形化燃料製造方法において、廃棄物の乾燥に用いた乾燥排ガスの一部を必要に応じて外気と混合して成形機に導入し、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を固形化燃料の成形に適する温度に予熱又は冷却することを特徴としている。
【０００７】
上記の本発明の方法において、成形機に導入する乾燥排ガスの一部と外気との混合比率を制御して、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を固形化燃料の成形に適した温度に保持することが好ましい。
また、上記の本発明の方法において、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を検出し、該部分の温度が固形化燃料成形に適する温度に達した時、乾燥排ガスの導入を停止し、乾燥廃棄物の成形機への投入を開始することが好ましい。
また、上記の本発明の方法において、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を検出し、該部分の温度が固形化燃料成形に適する温度を超える場合、外気で希釈した乾燥排ガス又は外気のみを成形機に導入し、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を最適温度まで冷却することが好ましい。
【０００８】
また、これらの本発明の方法において、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を乾燥排ガスにより予熱し、前回の成形時に固着し残存した閉塞物を除去することができる。
また、これらの本発明の方法において、乾燥排ガスの一部を必要に応じて外気と混合して成形機内に導入し、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を直接的に予熱又は冷却することができる。
また、これらの本発明の方法においては、乾燥排ガスの一部として、廃棄物の乾燥に用いた後の熱風排ガスの一部及び該熱風排ガスを熱分解脱臭した後の排ガスの一部の少なくともいずれかを成形機に導入するか、又は前記乾燥排ガスの一部に加えて廃棄物の乾燥に用いる熱風の一部を成形機に導入することが好ましい。
また、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を検出し、該部分の温度が固形化燃料成形に適する温度を超えた時は、外気で希釈した乾燥排ガス又は外気を成形機に導入する代わりに、成形機の運転を停止して、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を冷却しても良い。
【０００９】
本発明の廃棄物固形化燃料製造装置は、廃棄物を一次破砕する一次破砕機と、一次破砕された廃棄物を熱風により乾燥させる乾燥機と、乾燥された廃棄物からアルミニウムを除去するアルミ選別機と、該廃棄物から磁気により鉄を除去する磁選機と、該廃棄物から風力を用いて不燃物を除去する風力選別機と、これらの燃焼不適物が除去された乾燥廃棄物を二次破砕する二次破砕機と、二次破砕後の可燃物を成形して固形燃料化する成形機とを包含してなる廃棄物固形化燃料製造装置であって、乾燥機から排出される乾燥排ガスの処理系統の配管又は／及び乾燥機に導入される熱風の配管を分岐して成形機に接続するとともに、外気を導入する配管を前記分岐配管に接続して、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を固形化燃料の成形に適する温度に予熱又は冷却できるようにしたことを特徴としている。
【００１０】
上記の本発明の装置において、乾燥排ガスの処理系統を、乾燥排ガスからダストを除去する集塵機を包含する構成とし、集塵機に導入される前及び／又は集塵機を通過した後の排ガスの配管を分岐して成形機に接続することができる。
また、上記の本発明の装置において、乾燥排ガスの処理系統を、乾燥排ガスを熱分解脱臭する脱臭炉を包含する構成とし、脱臭炉で熱分解脱臭された排ガスの配管を分岐して成形機に接続することができる。
また、これらの本発明の装置において、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分近傍に温度センサーを設置し、温度センサーの実測温度をもとに該実測温度が設定温度を保持するように、成形機に導入される乾燥排ガス量及び／又は外気量をこれらの配管に設けたダンパにて制御することが好ましい。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明するが、本発明は下記の実施の形態に何ら限定されるものではなく、適宜変更して実施することが可能なものである。図１は、本発明の実施の第１形態による廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法を実施する装置の概略構成を示している。固形化燃料の製造システムの一例として、一般廃棄物（以下、「ごみ」という）は一次破砕機１０で破袋及び比較的大きなごみの破砕が行われ、一次破砕されたごみが乾燥機１２に投入される。乾燥機１２では熱風発生器１４から送り込まれた熱風によりごみの乾燥が行われる。乾燥機１２で乾燥されたごみは次の選別工程に送られる。すなわち、例えば、乾燥ごみはアルミ選別機１６でアルミニウムが除去された後、磁選機１８で磁気により鉄が除去され、さらに風力選別機２０で今までの工程で除去できなかった不燃物（ガラス、土砂等）が除去される。このようにして燃焼不適物が除去され可燃物のみとなった乾燥ごみは、二次破砕機２２で成形に適した粒度まで破砕される。破砕された乾燥ごみは、腐敗防止等のための添加剤（例えば、消石灰、生石灰）と混合された後（混合機は図示略）、成形機２４に投入される。
【００１２】
一方、乾燥機１２で乾燥に用いられた熱風の排ガス（以下、「乾燥排ガス」という）は、一例として、集塵機２６でダストが除去された後、排風機２８を経由して熱交換器３０に導入され、ここで熱分解脱臭後の高温排ガスと間接的に熱交換して予熱され、予熱された乾燥排ガスが脱臭炉３２において熱風発生器３４からの高温熱風により熱分解脱臭される。熱分解脱臭された乾燥排ガスは前記熱交換器３０で熱交換により減温された後、系外に排出される。
本実施の形態では、この乾燥排ガスを上記の処理系統の途中の配管から一部抜き出して成形機２４に導入する構成とする。すなわち、例えば、集塵機２６手前（上流側）の配管３６を分岐し、この分岐配管３８から乾燥排ガスの一部を成形機２４に導入するようにしたり、集塵機２６後流側の配管４０を分岐し、この分岐配管４２から乾燥排ガスの一部を成形機２４に導入するように構成する。また、熱風発生器１４から乾燥機１２に熱風を送る配管４４を分岐し、この分岐配管４６から熱風の一部を成形機２４に導入するようにしても良い。さらに、熱分解脱臭後の乾燥排ガスを排出するための配管４８を分岐し、この分岐配管５０から脱臭排ガスの一部を成形機２４に導入するようにしても良い。なお、熱分解脱臭の代わりに活性炭等による吸着脱臭を行う構成の場合、脱臭後の乾燥排ガスを利用するのは不適である。５２、５４、５６、５８は流量調整手段である。
【００１３】
上述の分岐配管３８、４２、４６、５０は、配管６０を介して外気導入配管６２と接続されており、配管６０、外気導入配管６２にはそれぞれ流量制御ダンパー６４、６６が設けられている。成形機２４には、分岐配管３８、４２、４６、５０の少なくともいずれかから乾燥排ガスが導入され、必要に応じて外気導入配管６２からの外気により乾燥排ガスが希釈され温度調整される。これにより、成形機２４内のごみと接する部分の温度が固形化燃料の成形に適する温度に予熱又は冷却される。また、成形機２４内のごみと接する部分近傍には温度センサーが設置されており、温度センサーの実測温度をもとに該実測温度が設定温度（固形化燃料の成形に最適な温度）を保持するように、温度指示制御手段６８による流量制御ダンパー６４、６６の制御が行われ、乾燥排ガス量、外気量及びこれらの混合比率等が調整される。
【００１４】
例えば、成形機２４内のごみと接する部分の温度が固形化燃料成形に適する温度以下の場合は、乾燥機１２から排出される乾燥排ガス（例えば、１１０〜１３０℃程度）の一部を分岐配管３８又は／及び分岐配管４２により抜き出し、外気で希釈することなく成形機２４に導入して、成形機内のごみと接する部分を固形化燃料の成形に適する温度（例えば、８０〜１２０℃程度）まで予熱する。また、成形機２４の運転立上げ時等は、最初に、より高温の熱分解脱臭後の乾燥排ガスや熱風発生器１４からの熱風を一部抜き出して成形機２４に導入するようにしても良い。成形機２４内のごみと接する部分の温度が成形に適する温度に達した後は、成形機２４への乾燥ごみの供給を開始し、乾燥排ガスの導入を停止する。成形機２４内のごみと接する部分の温度が固形化燃料成形に適する温度を超える場合は、乾燥排ガスへの外気の混合比率を多くし、この混合ガス（場合によっては外気のみ）を成形機２４に導入して、成形機２４内のごみと接する部分を最適温度まで冷却する。外気による希釈比率は、成形機２４内のごみと接する部分近傍に設置された温度センサーの実測温度をもとに決定することができる。なお、温度センサーの実測温度が設定温度を超えた場合に、成形機２４の運転が停止されるように制御しても良い。
【００１５】
本発明の実施形態において、成形機２４の種類等は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、リング状のダイスとローラーで構成されるリングダイ式押出成形機、円盤状のダイスとローラーで構成されるディスクダイ式押出成形機等を用いて、都市ごみ等の一般廃棄物からＲＤＦ（ごみ固形化燃料）を製造する場合は、成形機の起動時に乾燥排ガスを直接導入してダイス、ローラーを予熱することにより、廃棄物中のプラスチック類が軟化するため、廃棄物がダイスを通過するときの摩擦抵抗が小さくなりＲＤＦの閉塞がなくなる。この場合、前回の成形時にダイスに残存した固着物があっても容易に押し出すことができる。また、廃棄物がダイスを通過するときの摩擦抵抗が小さくなるため、電動機の負荷が軽減され所要電力が低減される。なお、乾燥排ガス（及び外気）は成形機２４内に直接導入する構成とすることが好ましいが、成形機２４をジャケット構造とする等として間接的に予熱・冷却する構成とすることも可能である。また、成形機２４内に温度センサーを設置する場合、リングダイ式押出成形機、ディスクダイ式押出成形機等では、一例として、回転するローラーの軸部やディスクの中心部等に設置することが可能である。
【００１６】
また、本実施の形態では、成形機２４に導入する乾燥排ガスと外気との混合比率を任意に変えることができるため、成形機２４内の温度を成形に最適な値に保持することができる。したがって、例えば、過度の摩擦による発熱等があっても、外気による希釈比率を大きくして最適温度まで冷却することができる。
なお、成形機２４から押し出されたクレヨン状の固形化燃料（ここでは、ＲＤＦ）は、一例として、冷却器７０で風乾と冷却が行われた後、製品ＲＤＦとされる。また、冷却器７０からの排ガスは、一例として、集塵機７２でダストが除去された後、排風機７４を経由して脱臭装置７６に送られ、ここで脱臭処理されてから系外に排出される。
本実施の形態は、成形機２４として他の成形機、例えば、ブリケットマシーンやスクリュー式成形機等を用いる場合も、同様に実施することが可能である。また、一般廃棄物からＲＤＦを製造する場合だけでなく、産業廃棄物（廃プラスチック等）からＲＰＦを製造する場合にも適用することが可能である。
【００１７】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上記のように構成されているので、つぎのような効果を奏する。
（１） 乾燥排ガスの一部又は乾燥排ガスの一部と外気との混合ガスを成形機に導入し、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を固形化燃料の成形に適する温度まで予熱し成形するので、成形機内での摩擦抵抗が小さくなり、固形化燃料の閉塞が防止でき、しかも、電動機の負荷が軽減され所要電力が低減できる。
（２） 成形機に導入する乾燥排ガスと外気との混合比率を任意に変えることができるため、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を固形化燃料の成形に最適な温度に保持することができ、成形機内の温度が成形に適する温度を超えた場合でも、外気による希釈比率を大きくして最適温度まで冷却することができる。
（３） 乾燥工程からの乾燥排ガスを用いて成形機を予熱している間に、乾燥工程から出た廃棄物が選別、破砕等される構成であり、装置の運転を途中で停止させずに、予熱が完了した成形機に廃棄物を供給できるので、時間的な無駄がなく装置の運転効率が良い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の第１形態による廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法を実施する装置を示す系統的概略構成説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１０ 一次破砕機
１２ 乾燥機
１４、３４ 熱風発生器
１６ アルミ選別機
１８ 磁選機
２０ 風力選別機
２２ 二次破砕機
２４ 成形機
２６、７２ 集塵機
２８、７４ 排風機
３０ 熱交換器
３２ 脱臭炉
３６、４０、４４、４８、６０ 配管
３８、４２、４６、５０ 分岐配管
５２、５４、５６、５８ 流量調整手段
６２ 外気導入配管
６４、６６ 流量制御ダンパー
６８ 温度指示制御手段
７０ 冷却器
７６ 脱臭装置[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a solidified fuel by molding combustibles obtained by treating general waste such as municipal solid waste, industrial waste, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a technology for producing a solidified fuel from waste, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-150158, after crushing, drying, and sorting garbage, the obtained combustible material is put into a disk-shaped die molding machine. A method and an apparatus for performing compression molding using frictional heat generated by a disk-shaped die molding machine are disclosed.
Also, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-38614, in order to adjust dust before entering the briquette machine to a temperature suitable for molding, preheating the dried dust using a part of the hot air exhaust gas from the drying step, A method is disclosed in which dried refuse having a temperature suitable for molding is charged into a briquette machine to solidify it.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the method and apparatus described in JP-A-7-150158, when the operation of the molding machine is started, the inside temperature of the molding machine is around room temperature, so that the material having a high softening point in the garbage passes through the die without softening. Has a problem that the frictional resistance is large, the load on the electric motor is increased, the operation is stopped, and dust is blocked in the molding machine and is not discharged. In addition, there is a problem that the inside temperature (atmospheric temperature) cannot be controlled during the steady operation. In particular, when heat is generated due to excessive friction, the operation of the molding machine has to be stopped, and it is impossible to control by lowering the internal temperature.
[0004]
Further, in the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-38614, the drying exhaust gas is not mixed with the outside air, and the preheating of the dried garbage depends on the drying exhaust gas temperature. is there. Further, when heat is generated due to excessive friction, it is impossible to cool the inside of the molding machine and control the temperature. Further, since the waste gas itself is heated by introducing the dried exhaust gas into the storage hopper, there is a problem that moisture evaporated in the storage hopper is dewed or heat is released when the dry waste is put into the briquette machine.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described points, and an object of the present invention is to form a part of the dry exhaust gas from the drying step or a part of the dry exhaust gas and the outside air when forming the waste into a solidified fuel. By introducing gas into the molding machine and preheating the part in contact with the refuse in the molding machine to a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel and molding, the frictional resistance in the molding machine is reduced and the solidified fuel can be prevented from being clogged. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for producing a solidified waste fuel capable of reducing required power.
Further, an object of the present invention is to maintain a portion in contact with the refuse in the molding machine at an optimal temperature for molding the solidified fuel by enabling an arbitrary adjustment of a mixing ratio between the dry exhaust gas introduced into the molding machine and the outside air. Even if the temperature in the molding machine exceeds the temperature suitable for molding, it is possible to provide a waste solidified fuel production method and apparatus capable of increasing the dilution ratio with outside air and cooling to the optimum temperature. is there.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a method for producing a solidified waste fuel of the present invention includes a step of drying a waste, and a method for producing a solidified fuel in which a dried waste is molded by a molding machine. A part of the dry exhaust gas from the process is mixed with the outside air as necessary and introduced into the molding machine, and the temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is preheated or cooled to a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. It is configured.
Further, the method of the present invention is a method for producing a solidified fuel in which a crushed waste is dried to remove unsuitable combustion and molded by a molding machine, and a part of the dried exhaust gas used for drying the waste is optionally used. It is characterized in that it is mixed with outside air and introduced into a molding machine, and preheated or cooled to a temperature suitable for molding a solidified fuel at a portion in contact with waste in the molding machine.
[0007]
In the above method of the present invention, the mixing ratio between a part of the dry exhaust gas introduced into the molding machine and the outside air is controlled to maintain the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine at a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. Is preferred.
Further, in the method of the present invention, the temperature of the portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the portion reaches a temperature suitable for solidified fuel molding, the introduction of the drying exhaust gas is stopped, and the drying is stopped. It is preferable to start charging the waste into the molding machine.
Further, in the method of the present invention, the temperature of a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the portion exceeds a temperature suitable for solidified fuel molding, the dried exhaust gas diluted with the outside air or only the outside air is detected. It is preferable to introduce into a molding machine and cool a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine to an optimum temperature.
[0008]
Further, in the method of the present invention, the portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine can be preheated with the drying exhaust gas, and the clogging that has adhered and remained during the previous molding can be removed.
Further, in these methods of the present invention, a part of the drying exhaust gas can be mixed with the outside air as required and introduced into the molding machine, and the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine can be directly preheated or cooled. .
Further, in the method of the present invention, at least one of a part of the hot air exhaust gas used for drying the waste and a part of the exhaust gas after thermal decomposition and deodorization of the hot air exhaust gas is used as a part of the drying exhaust gas. It is preferable to introduce this into the molding machine, or to introduce a part of the hot air used for drying the waste into the molding machine in addition to a part of the drying exhaust gas.
In addition, the temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the part exceeds the temperature suitable for solidified fuel molding, instead of introducing dry exhaust gas or outside air diluted with outside air to the molding machine, Alternatively, the operation of the molding machine may be stopped, and the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine may be cooled.
[0009]
The waste solidified fuel production apparatus of the present invention includes a primary crusher for primary crushing of waste, a dryer for drying primary crushed waste with hot air, and an aluminum separator for removing aluminum from the dried waste. Machine, a magnetic separator for removing iron from the waste by magnetism, a wind separator for removing incombustibles from the waste by using wind power, and a secondary separator for the dried waste from which these combustion unsuitable substances have been removed. A waste solidified fuel production device including a secondary crusher for crushing and a molding machine for forming a combustible material after the secondary crushing to form a solid fuel, wherein the drying exhaust gas discharged from the dryer The pipe of the processing system or / and the pipe of the hot air introduced into the dryer is branched and connected to the molding machine, and the pipe for introducing the outside air is connected to the branch pipe to contact the waste in the molding machine. Temperature for molding solidified fuel It is characterized in that to be able to preheat or cool the temperature.
[0010]
In the above-described apparatus of the present invention, the treatment system for the dried exhaust gas is configured to include a dust collector for removing dust from the dried exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas piping before branching into the dust collector and / or after passing through the dust collector is branched. Can be connected to the molding machine.
Further, in the above-described apparatus of the present invention, the drying exhaust gas treatment system includes a deodorizing furnace for thermally deodorizing and drying the dried exhaust gas, and a pipe for the exhaust gas thermally deodorized and deodorized in the deodorizing furnace is branched to a molding machine. Can be connected.
Further, in these apparatuses of the present invention, a temperature sensor is installed near a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine, and based on the actually measured temperature of the temperature sensor, the measured temperature is maintained at a set temperature. It is preferable to control the amount of dry exhaust gas and / or the amount of outside air to be introduced by dampers provided in these pipes.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an apparatus for carrying out a method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As an example of the solidified fuel production system, general waste (hereinafter referred to as “garbage”) is subjected to bag breaking and relatively large crushing in the primary crusher 10, and the primary crushed garbage is dried in the dryer 12. It is thrown. In the dryer 12, dust is dried by hot air sent from the hot air generator 14. The refuse dried by the dryer 12 is sent to the next sorting step. That is, for example, after the aluminum is removed from the dried refuse by the aluminum separator 16, iron is removed by magnetism in the magnetic separator 18, and incombustibles (glass, Earth and sand) is removed. In this way, the dried refuse from which unsuitable materials for combustion have been removed and which has become only combustibles is crushed by the secondary crusher 22 to a particle size suitable for molding. The crushed dried refuse is mixed with an additive (for example, slaked lime or quick lime) for preventing decay or the like (a mixer is not shown), and then is input into the molding machine 24.
[0012]
On the other hand, the exhaust gas of the hot air used for drying in the dryer 12 (hereinafter, referred to as “dry exhaust gas”) is, as an example, after dust is removed by the dust collector 26, and then sent to the heat exchanger 30 via the exhaust fan 28. Introduced here, it is indirectly heat-exchanged with the high-temperature exhaust gas after the thermal decomposition and deodorization to be preheated, and the preheated dry exhaust gas is thermally decomposed and deodorized in the deodorizing furnace 32 by the high-temperature hot air from the hot air generator 34. The dried exhaust gas decomposed and deodorized by the heat is cooled by heat exchange in the heat exchanger 30 and then discharged out of the system.
In the present embodiment, a configuration is adopted in which the dried exhaust gas is partially extracted from a pipe in the middle of the above processing system and introduced into the molding machine 24. That is, for example, the pipe 36 before the dust collector 26 (upstream side) is branched, and a part of the drying exhaust gas is introduced into the molding machine 24 from the branch pipe 38, or the pipe 40 downstream of the dust collector 26 is branched. A part of the drying exhaust gas is introduced from the branch pipe 42 into the molding machine 24. Further, a pipe 44 for sending hot air from the hot air generator 14 to the dryer 12 may be branched, and a part of the hot air may be introduced into the molding machine 24 from the branch pipe 46. Further, a pipe 48 for discharging the dried exhaust gas after the thermal decomposition and deodorization may be branched, and a part of the deodorized exhaust gas may be introduced from the branch pipe 50 into the molding machine 24. In the case of a configuration in which adsorption deodorization using activated carbon or the like is performed instead of thermal decomposition deodorization, it is not appropriate to use dried exhaust gas after deodorization. 52, 54, 56, 58 are flow rate adjusting means.
[0013]
The above-mentioned branch pipes 38, 42, 46, 50 are connected to an outside air introduction pipe 62 via a pipe 60, and the pipe 60 and the outside air introduction pipe 62 are provided with flow control dampers 64, 66, respectively. Dry exhaust gas is introduced into the molding machine 24 from at least one of the branch pipes 38, 42, 46, and 50. The dry exhaust gas is diluted with outside air from the outside air introduction pipe 62 to adjust the temperature as needed. Thereby, the temperature of the part in contact with the dust in the molding machine 24 is preheated or cooled to a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. In addition, a temperature sensor is installed near a portion of the molding machine 24 that comes into contact with dust, and the measured temperature maintains a set temperature (optimal temperature for forming solidified fuel) based on the measured temperature of the temperature sensor. Thus, the flow rate control dampers 64 and 66 are controlled by the temperature instruction control means 68 to adjust the amount of dry exhaust gas, the amount of outside air, and the mixing ratio thereof.
[0014]
For example, when the temperature of the part in contact with the dust in the molding machine 24 is equal to or lower than the temperature suitable for solidification fuel molding, a part of the dry exhaust gas (for example, about 110 to 130 ° C.) discharged from the dryer 12 is branched into a pipe. 38 and / or withdrawn from the branch pipe 42, introduced into the molding machine 24 without dilution with the outside air, and brought into contact with the refuse in the molding machine to a temperature (for example, about 80 to 120 ° C.) suitable for molding the solidified fuel. Preheat. Also, when the operation of the molding machine 24 is started, for example, the drying exhaust gas after the higher temperature pyrolysis deodorization and the hot air from the hot air generator 14 may be partially extracted and introduced into the molding machine 24 first. . After the temperature of the portion in contact with the dust in the molding machine 24 reaches a temperature suitable for molding, the supply of the dried dust to the molding machine 24 is started, and the introduction of the dry exhaust gas is stopped. When the temperature of the part in contact with the dust in the molding machine 24 exceeds the temperature suitable for solidification fuel molding, the mixing ratio of the outside air to the dry exhaust gas is increased, and this mixed gas (in some cases, only the outside air) is used. To cool the portion of the molding machine 24 that comes into contact with dust to an optimum temperature. The dilution ratio by the outside air can be determined based on the measured temperature of the temperature sensor installed near the part in the molding machine 24 that comes into contact with the dust. It should be noted that control may be performed such that the operation of the molding machine 24 is stopped when the measured temperature of the temperature sensor exceeds the set temperature.
[0015]
In the embodiment of the present invention, the type and the like of the molding machine 24 are not particularly limited. For example, a ring-die extrusion molding machine including a ring-shaped die and a roller, and a ring-shaped extrusion molding machine including a disk-shaped die and a roller When manufacturing RDF (garbage solidified fuel) from municipal waste such as municipal waste using a disk die extruder, etc., the drying exhaust gas is directly introduced when the molding machine starts up, and the dies and rollers are introduced. Since the plastics in the waste are softened by the preheating, the frictional resistance when the waste passes through the die is reduced, and the RDF is not blocked. In this case, it is possible to easily extrude even if there is a fixed substance remaining on the die during the previous molding. Further, the frictional resistance when the waste passes through the dice is reduced, so that the load on the motor is reduced and the required power is reduced. It is preferable that the drying exhaust gas (and the outside air) be directly introduced into the molding machine 24. However, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the molding machine 24 has a jacket structure or the like and indirectly preheats and cools. . When a temperature sensor is installed in the molding machine 24, for example, in a ring-die extruder, a disk-die extruder, etc., the temperature sensor may be installed at a shaft portion of a rotating roller, a central portion of a disc, or the like. It is possible.
[0016]
Further, in the present embodiment, the mixing ratio between the dry exhaust gas introduced into the molding machine 24 and the outside air can be arbitrarily changed, so that the temperature inside the molding machine 24 can be maintained at an optimum value for molding. Therefore, for example, even if heat is generated due to excessive friction, the dilution ratio by the outside air can be increased to cool to the optimum temperature.
The crayon-like solidified fuel (RDF in this case) extruded from the molding machine 24 is air-dried and cooled by the cooler 70 as an example, and then is made into a product RDF. Further, as an example, the exhaust gas from the cooler 70 is sent to a deodorizing device 76 via an exhaust fan 74 after dust is removed by a dust collector 72, where it is deodorized and then discharged out of the system. .
The present embodiment can be similarly implemented when another molding machine such as a briquette machine or a screw molding machine is used as the molding machine 24. Further, the present invention can be applied to not only the case where RDF is manufactured from general waste but also the case where RPF is manufactured from industrial waste (eg, waste plastic).
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is configured as described above, and has the following effects.
(1) A part of the drying exhaust gas or a mixed gas of the drying exhaust gas and the outside air is introduced into the molding machine, and the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is preheated to a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. In addition, the frictional resistance in the molding machine is reduced, the blockage of the solidified fuel can be prevented, and the load on the electric motor can be reduced to reduce the required power.
(2) Since the mixing ratio between the dry exhaust gas introduced into the molding machine and the outside air can be arbitrarily changed, the portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine can be maintained at an optimum temperature for molding the solidified fuel, Even when the temperature inside the molding machine exceeds the temperature suitable for molding, it is possible to increase the dilution ratio with the outside air and cool it to the optimum temperature.
(3) While the molding machine is preheated by using the drying exhaust gas from the drying process, the waste discharged from the drying process is sorted, crushed, etc., without stopping the operation of the device. Since the waste can be supplied to the preheated molding machine, the operation efficiency of the apparatus is good without wasting time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a systematic schematic configuration explanatory view showing an apparatus for implementing a method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Primary crusher 12 Dryer 14, 34 Hot air generator 16 Aluminum separator 18 Magnetic separator 20 Wind separator 22 Secondary crusher 24 Molding machine 26, 72 Dust collector 28, 74 Air blower 30 Heat exchanger 32 Deodorizing furnace 36, 40, 44, 48, 60 Pipes 38, 42, 46, 50 Branch pipes 52, 54, 56, 58 Flow rate adjusting means 62 External air introduction pipes 64, 66 Flow rate control damper 68 Temperature instruction control means 70 Cooler 76 Deodorizing device

Claims (13)

廃棄物を乾燥させる工程を包含し、乾燥後の廃棄物を成形機で成形する固形化燃料製造方法において、乾燥工程からの乾燥排ガスの一部を必要に応じて外気と混合して成形機に導入し、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を固形化燃料の成形に適する温度に予熱又は冷却することを特徴とする廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法。In a solidified fuel production method that includes a step of drying the waste and molding the waste after drying with a molding machine, a part of the dry exhaust gas from the drying step is mixed with outside air as necessary to form the molding machine. A method for producing a solidified waste fuel, comprising introducing and preheating or cooling a temperature of a portion in contact with waste in a molding machine to a temperature suitable for molding a solidified fuel. 破砕した廃棄物を乾燥させ燃焼不適物を除去し成形機で成形する固形化燃料製造方法において、廃棄物の乾燥に用いた乾燥排ガスの一部を必要に応じて外気と混合して成形機に導入し、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を固形化燃料の成形に適する温度に予熱又は冷却することを特徴とする廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法。In a solidified fuel production method in which crushed waste is dried to remove unsuitable materials for combustion and molded by a molding machine, a part of the dried exhaust gas used for drying the waste is mixed with outside air as necessary, and the mixture is fed to the molding machine. A method for producing a solidified waste fuel, comprising introducing and preheating or cooling a temperature of a portion in contact with waste in a molding machine to a temperature suitable for molding a solidified fuel. 成形機に導入する乾燥排ガスの一部と外気との混合比率を制御して、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を固形化燃料の成形に適した温度に保持する請求項１又は２記載の廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法。The waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a mixing ratio between a part of the dry exhaust gas introduced into the molding machine and the outside air is controlled to maintain a part in contact with the waste in the molding machine at a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. Solidified fuel production method. 成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を検出し、該部分の温度が固形化燃料成形に適する温度に達した時、乾燥排ガスの導入を停止し、乾燥廃棄物の成形機への投入を開始する請求項１、２又は３記載の廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法。The temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the part reaches a temperature suitable for solidification fuel molding, the introduction of the drying exhaust gas is stopped, and the introduction of the dry waste into the molding machine is started. The method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to claim 1, 2 or 3. 成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を検出し、該部分の温度が固形化燃料成形に適する温度を超える場合、外気で希釈した乾燥排ガス又は外気のみを成形機に導入し、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を最適温度まで冷却する請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法。The temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the part exceeds the temperature suitable for solidification fuel molding, only the dry exhaust gas diluted with the outside air or the outside air is introduced into the molding machine, and the disposal in the molding machine is performed. The method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a portion in contact with the object is cooled to an optimum temperature. 成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を乾燥排ガスにより予熱し、前回の成形時に固着し残存した閉塞物を除去する請求項１〜５のいずれかに記載の廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法。The method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine is preheated with a dry exhaust gas to remove a blockage that has adhered and remained during the previous molding. 乾燥排ガスの一部を必要に応じて外気と混合して成形機内に導入し、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を直接的に予熱又は冷却する請求項１〜６のいずれかに記載の廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法。The waste according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a part of the drying exhaust gas is mixed with the outside air as necessary and introduced into the molding machine, and a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine is directly preheated or cooled. Solid fuel production method. 乾燥排ガスの一部として、廃棄物の乾燥に用いた後の熱風排ガスの一部及び該熱風排ガスを熱分解脱臭した後の排ガスの一部の少なくともいずれかを成形機に導入するか、又は前記乾燥排ガスの一部に加えて廃棄物の乾燥に用いる熱風の一部を成形機に導入する請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法。As a part of the drying exhaust gas, at least one of a part of the hot air exhaust gas used for drying the waste and a part of the exhaust gas after pyrolytic deodorization of the hot air exhaust gas is introduced into a molding machine, or The method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a part of hot air used for drying the waste is introduced into the molding machine in addition to a part of the drying exhaust gas. 成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を検出し、該部分の温度が固形化燃料成形に適する温度を超えた時、外気で希釈した乾燥排ガス又は外気を成形機に導入する代わりに、成形機の運転を停止して、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分を冷却する請求項５記載の廃棄物固形化燃料製造方法。The temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is detected, and when the temperature of the part exceeds the temperature suitable for solidification fuel molding, instead of introducing dry exhaust gas or outside air diluted with outside air to the molding machine, the molding machine is used. 6. The method for producing a solidified waste fuel according to claim 5, wherein the operation of the step (c) is stopped to cool a portion in contact with the waste in the molding machine. 廃棄物を一次破砕する一次破砕機と、一次破砕された廃棄物を熱風により乾燥させる乾燥機と、乾燥された廃棄物からアルミニウムを除去するアルミ選別機と、該廃棄物から磁気により鉄を除去する磁選機と、該廃棄物から風力を用いて不燃物を除去する風力選別機と、これらの燃焼不適物が除去された乾燥廃棄物を二次破砕する二次破砕機と、二次破砕後の可燃物を成形して固形燃料化する成形機とを包含してなる廃棄物固形化燃料製造装置であって、乾燥機から排出される乾燥排ガスの処理系統の配管又は／及び乾燥機に導入される熱風の配管を分岐して成形機に接続するとともに、外気を導入する配管を前記分岐配管に接続して、成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分の温度を固形化燃料の成形に適する温度に予熱又は冷却できるようにしたことを特徴とする廃棄物固形化燃料製造装置。A primary crusher for primary crushing of waste, a dryer for drying primary crushed waste with hot air, an aluminum separator for removing aluminum from dried waste, and a magnet for removing iron from the waste Magnetic separator, a wind separator that removes incombustibles from the waste by using wind power, a secondary crusher that secondary crushes dry waste from which these unsuitable for combustion has been removed, and a secondary crusher after secondary crushing And a molding machine for molding a combustible material into a solid fuel to form a solid fuel, which is introduced into a piping or / and a dryer of a treatment system of a dry exhaust gas discharged from the dryer. The hot air pipe is branched and connected to the molding machine, and the pipe for introducing outside air is connected to the branch pipe so that the temperature of the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine is adjusted to a temperature suitable for molding the solidified fuel. Preheating or cooling Waste solidified fuel production apparatus according to claim and. 乾燥排ガスの処理系統が、乾燥排ガスからダストを除去する集塵機を包含する構成であり、集塵機に導入される前及び／又は集塵機を通過した後の排ガスの配管を分岐して成形機に接続した請求項１０記載の廃棄物固形化燃料製造装置。The drying exhaust gas treatment system includes a dust collector that removes dust from the drying exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas pipe before branching into the dust collector and / or after passing through the dust collector is branched and connected to a molding machine. Item 11. A waste solidified fuel producing apparatus according to Item 10. 乾燥排ガスの処理系統が、乾燥排ガスを熱分解脱臭する脱臭炉を包含する構成であり、脱臭炉で熱分解脱臭された排ガスの配管を分岐して成形機に接続した請求項１０又は１１記載の廃棄物固形化燃料製造装置。12. The drying exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the drying exhaust gas treatment system includes a deodorizing furnace for thermally deodorizing the dried exhaust gas, and a pipe of the exhaust gas thermally deodorized and deodorized in the deodorizing furnace is branched and connected to a molding machine. Solid waste fuel production equipment. 成形機内の廃棄物と接する部分近傍に温度センサーを設置し、温度センサーの実測温度をもとに該実測温度が設定温度を保持するように、成形機に導入される乾燥排ガス量及び／又は外気量をこれらの配管に設けたダンパにて制御するようにした請求項１０、１１又は１２記載の廃棄物固形化燃料製造装置。A temperature sensor is installed near the part in contact with the waste in the molding machine, and based on the measured temperature of the temperature sensor, the amount of dry exhaust gas and / or outside air introduced into the molding machine is maintained so that the measured temperature maintains a set temperature. 13. The waste solidified fuel production apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the amount is controlled by a damper provided in these pipes.
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