JP3545161B2 - Device for collecting and extracting chemical components in aerosol - Google Patents

Device for collecting and extracting chemical components in aerosol Download PDF

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JP3545161B2
JP3545161B2 JP05615497A JP5615497A JP3545161B2 JP 3545161 B2 JP3545161 B2 JP 3545161B2 JP 05615497 A JP05615497 A JP 05615497A JP 5615497 A JP5615497 A JP 5615497A JP 3545161 B2 JP3545161 B2 JP 3545161B2
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aerosol
collecting
chemical components
gas
water
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JPH10253509A (en
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茂 田中
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Shimadzu Corp
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Shimadzu Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、サンプラーに関し、特に大気や室内の気中の含まれるエアロゾル中の化学成分の濃度測定に用いられる捕集抽出装置、および該捕集抽出装置を用いたエアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
大気や室内の気体中の含まれるエアロゾル中の化学成分の濃度測定は、労働衛生や健康住宅環境や排気ガス、あるいは環境汚染等を監視するモニタリング分野において利用されている。
【0003】
従来、可溶性のエアロゾル中の化学成分の濃度測定では、通気流量が1500l/min程度のハイボリュームサンプラーや、通気流量が50l/min程度のローボリュームサンプラーによって、フィルターを通して試料ガスを吸引し、フィルター上にエアロゾルをろ過し捕集を行い、このフィルター試料を超純水で抽出し、抽出水をイオンクロマトグラフ等の分析装置によって分析を行っている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記した従来のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集および抽出によって測定を行う場合には、エアロゾルの捕集にフィルターを使用しているため、エアロゾルを捕集する捕集工程と、捕集したエアロゾル中化学成分を抽出する抽出工程の二つの工程が必要となり、エアロゾル中化学成分の分析を自動かつ連続して行うことができないという問題がある。大気中に含まれるエアロゾル中化学成分の測定による環境測定等では、サンプリング箇所が様々な環境にあり、また測定時間も長時間化する傾向にあるため、自動連続測定が可能な測定装置が必要とされている。
【0005】
また、従来のフィルターを用いたエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集では、大気中のガス成分がフィルターを通過する際に、吸着し粒子化する場合がある。通常、分析対象がエアロゾル中化学成分である場合には、大気中にガスの状態で存在する成分は測定対象外であり、フィルターに吸着して粒子化したガス成分は、本来エアロゾルで存在する成分濃度に対して誤差成分となるという問題点がある。
【0006】
また、逆に、フィルター上に捕集した粒子が昇華性である場合には、該昇華性の粒子がガス化して揮散してしまい、粒子として抽出されるべき化学成分量が減少して、測定誤差が生じるという問題点もある。
【0007】
そこで、本発明は前記した従来のフィルターによるエアロゾル中化学成分捕集の問題点を解決し、エアロゾルの捕集とエアロゾル中化学成分の抽出を一工程で同時に行うことができるエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置を提供することを第1の目的とし、このエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置を用いて自動連続測定が可能なエアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置を提供することを第2の目的とする。
【0008】
また、エアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置およびエアロゾル中化学成分濃度測定装置において、気体中のエアロゾル化学成分を正確に捕集し抽出することを第3の目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、抽出水を試料ガスによって噴霧化し、この噴霧状態の抽出水と試料ガスを混合させることによって、試料ガス中のエアロゾルを抽出水中に捕集すると同時に、エアロゾル中の化学成分を抽出水内に抽出させる装置であり、これによって、捕集と抽出を一工程で行うことができるエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置である。
【0010】
本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置は、エアロゾルの捕集とエアロゾル中化学成分の抽出を一工程で同時に行うために、エアロゾルを含む試料気体を導入し通気させ、この通気気体によって導入した抽出水を噴霧化する噴霧手段と、この噴霧手段を内部に含み、噴霧化した抽出水と試料気体を混合させ、エアロゾルを抽出水中に捕集させ、エアロゾル中化学成分を抽出水中に抽出させる混合室と、エアロゾルを捕集した抽出水を回収する回収手段とを備えた構成とするものである。
【0011】
本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置によれば、噴霧手段に試料気体と抽出水を導入し、試料気体を通気させることによる気体の流れを利用して、抽出水を噴霧化する。混合室内において、噴霧化した抽出水と試料気体は混合した状態となり、この間に試料気体中のエアロゾルは抽出水中に捕集される。また、捕集されたエアロゾル中の化学成分は、捕集の母体が抽出水であるため、捕集と同時に抽出水中に抽出される。
【0012】
この噴霧手段および混合室は、従来ミストチャンバーとして知られている装置と同様の装置を用いることができる。従来のミストチャンバーは、試料気体中のガス成分を液体中に捕集することを目的とした装置であり、通常、エアロゾルを捕集せずにガス成分のみを捕集するために、ミストチャンバーの前段にエアロゾルを除去するためのフィルターを備えている。これに対して、本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置が備える噴霧手段および混合室は、従来のミストチャンバーとは目的を逆にするものであり、試料気体中のエアロゾルを捕集し抽出することを目的とし、積極的に抽出水中へのエアロゾルの捕集を行って、従来のミストチャンバーとは異なる機能、作用を奏するものである。そのため、従来のミストチャンバーが要したエアロゾル除去のためのフィルターを構成要素とせず、むしろフィルターは測定誤差の要因となるものである。
【0013】
上記構成のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置によれば、抽出水中に抽出された化学成分中には、エアロゾル中化学成分の他に試料気体中でガス状態に存在した化学成分も含まれる。したがって、この捕集抽出装置で抽出した化学成分の濃度を測定することによって、試料気体中でエアロゾルの状態およびガスの状態で存在するそれぞれの化学成分のトータル量を測定することができる。
【0014】
本発明の他の構成のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置は、エアロゾル中化学成分とガス状態の化学成分とを切り分けて捕集し抽出するものであり、前記した構成のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置に加えて、噴霧手段に試料気体を導入する前段部分に、試料気体中の酸性,塩基性ガスを抽出するガス捕集手段を備えるものである。
【0015】
このガス捕集手段は、湿式平行板デニューダによって構成することができ、超純水を流下させる平行板の間に試料気体を通すことによって、該超純水中に試料気体中に含まれる酸性,塩基性ガスを捕集させるものである。これによって、このガス捕集手段は、試料気体中の酸性,塩基性ガスを選択的に捕集し、試料気体中でガス状態で存在する化学成分の捕集、分析および濃度測定を行うことができる。
【0016】
また、このガス捕集手段を通過した試料気体は、酸性,塩基性ガスが除去されているため、このガス状態の化学成分を除去した試料気体を本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置に導入することによって、試料気体中でエアロゾル中の化学成分の捕集、抽出、分析および濃度測定を行うことができる。
【0017】
したがって、本発明の他の構成のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置によれば、エアロゾル中化学成分とガス状態の化学成分とを切り分けて捕集し抽出し、化学成分の濃度をエアロゾル状態とガス状態とで区分して測定することができる。
【0018】
また、両測定による化学成分の濃度を加算することによっても、トータル量を求めることもできる。
【0019】
また、このエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置が持つ、捕集と抽出の工程を一工程で同時に行うことができるという特性を用い、また、試料気体および抽出水の導入,導出をプログラム制御することによって、捕集,抽出の工程を自動で連続して行うことができ、これによって、自動連続測定が可能なエアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置を構成することができる。
【0020】
また、本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置は、混合室に超音波振動器を備え、これによって、混合室内に付着したエアロゾルを混合室内に導入した超純水に抽出させ、噴霧手段および混合室の洗浄を行うことができ、これによって、自動連続測定における洗浄効果を高めることができる。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図を参照しながら詳細に説明する。図1は本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置、およびエアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置の概略図であり、図2は本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置の概略図である。
【0022】
図2において、エアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置1は混合室3と、混合室3内に抽出水の噴霧を形成する噴霧手段2とを備える。混合室3内には試料気体と抽出水が導入されるよう構成される。
【0023】
試料気体は、導入管2aを通して混合室3内の気体ノズル2bに導入され、フィルター11を介して吸引され混合室3外に導出される。なお、このフィルターは従来用いられるエアロゾル捕集用のフィルターではなく、吸引ポンプ側への噴霧された抽出水の到達を防止するものである。
【0024】
また、導入管4aおよび導出管4bは混合室3の内外とを連絡し、抽出水はこの導入管4aおよび導出管4bを通して混合室3内に対して導入および導出を行う。導入管4aの開放端は混合室3の底部付近に配置され、導入された抽出水はこの開放端付近の底部に溜まり、また、該底部に溜まった抽出水は導出管4bを通して外部に取り出される。
【0025】
また、混合室3内において、導入管4aおよび導出管4bの開放端付近の底部には、液体ノズル2cの一方の開放端が配置され、該液体ノズル2cの他方の開放端は気体ノズル2bの他方の開放端の近傍に配置される。
【0026】
上記構成のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置1において、混合室2の底部の抽出水を導入した状態で混合室2内を吸引ポンプで吸引すると、試料気体は導入管2aを通して混合室2内に導入され、気体ノズル2bの先端から放出される。この試料気体の気体ノズル2bからの放出に伴う減圧によって抽出水は吸引され、気体ノズル2bの近傍に設けられた液体ノズル2cの先端から霧流状となって放出される。これによって、抽出水の噴霧化が行われる。
【0027】
このとき、試料気体中に含まれるエアロゾルは、形成された噴霧状の抽出水と混合室3内で混合され、抽出水中に捕集される。霧状の抽出水はフィルター11でブロックされ次第に液体となって混合室3の底部に溜まり、再び液体ノズル2cから霧状となって放出され、エアロゾルの捕集を行う。この動作は、試料気体が導入されている間続けられ、エアロゾルの捕集が続行される。
【0028】
この、エアロゾルの抽出水中への捕集が行われている間、エアロゾル中の化学成分は抽出水中に抽出される。したがって、エアロゾルの抽出水への捕集工程と、エアロゾル中化学成分の抽出水中への抽出工程は、同じ工程の中で同時に行われることになる。
【0029】
エアロゾル化学成分の抽出が行われた抽出水は、導出管4bを通して混合室3の外部に取り出される。
【0030】
次に、図1を用いて本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置1、およびエアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置100について説明する。
混合室2内への試料気体の導入は、直接あるいは、後述する湿式平行板デニューダ5を通して、吸引ポンプ20で混合室3内を吸引することによって行うことができる。なお、混合室3と吸引ポンプ20との間にはフィルター11および流量調整器12が設けられる。フィルター11は、混合室3内で噴霧された抽出水が吸引ポンプ20側へ到着するのを防止する。また、流量調整器12は混合室3内に導入する試料気体の流量を調整する。
【0031】
混合室2内への抽出水の導入は、超純水の抽出水を溜めた超純水容器9aからポンプ6bを介し、導入管4aを通して行う。また、エアロゾルの捕集および抽出が完了した抽出水の導出は、ポンプ6aによって導出管4bを通して、イオンクロマトグラフ10等の分析装置に導いて行われる。
【0032】
また、洗浄、あるいはオーバーフロー解除等の目的で混合室3内の抽出水を外部に取り出す場合には、光センサ等の液量検出器8aの検出信号に基づいてポンプ6cを駆動し、図示していない他の導出管を通して行うことができる。
【0033】
本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置100は、エアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置1と、抽出水の分析測定行うイオンクロマトグラフ10とによって構成することも、また、湿式平行板デニューダ5を設けて構成することもできる。
【0034】
湿式平行板デニューダ5は、平行に配置した板に超純水を流下させることによって、通過する気体中に含まれる酸性,塩基性ガスを抽出、あるいは除去するものである。超純水の注水は、抽出水を溜めた超純水容器9bからポンプ6dで行い、抽出水の回収はポンプ6eによって抽出水容器9cに行うことができる。また、抽出水容器9cに設けた光センサ等の液量検出器8bの検出信号に基づいて、抽出水を抽出水容器9cからイオンクロマトグラフ10に送液し、ガス状態で存在する化学成分の分析を行うことができる。
【0035】
湿式平行板デニューダ5により、試料気体中にガス状態で存在する化学成分を前もって除去することによって、本装置は試料気体中のエアロゾルの状態で存在する化学成分の捕集、抽出、分析および濃度測定を行うことができる。また、湿式平行板デニューダにより試料気体中の酸性,塩基性ガスを選択的に捕集し、試料気体中でガス状態で存在する化学成分の捕集、分析および濃度測定を行うことができる。
【0036】
したがって、エアロゾル中化学成分とガス状態の化学成分とを切り分けて捕集し抽出し、化学成分の濃度をエアロゾル状態とガス状態で区分して測定することができる。また、両測定による化学成分の濃度を加算することによって、化学成分のトータル量を求めることもできる。
【0037】
次に、エアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置の動作手順について、図3のフローチャートを用いて説明する。
【0038】
超純水容器9aから超純水を取り出して混合室3内に導入することによって、抽出水の注入を行う(ステップS1)。抽出水の注入後、吸引ポンプを駆動して、混合室3内の底部に抽出水を溜めた状態で、試料気体を混合室3内に導入し通気させる。抽出水は、試料気体の通気によって噴霧化される(ステップS2)。
【0039】
混合室3内では、噴霧化された抽出水と試料気体が混合され、これによって、試料気体中のエアロゾルは抽出水中に捕集され、さらに、抽出水中に捕集されたエアロゾル中の化学成分は抽出水中に抽出される(ステップS3)。
【0040】
エアロゾルの捕集とエアロゾル中化学成分の抽出が完了した後、吸引ポンプを停止し、混合室3の底部に溜まった抽出水を回収する(ステップS4)。回収した抽出水をイオンクロマトグラフ等の分析装置に導き、エアロゾル中化学成分の分析を行う(ステップS5)。
【0041】
次のエアロゾルの捕集、およびエアロゾル中化学成分の抽出を行うために、超純水容器9aから超純水を取り出して混合室3に導入することによって、洗浄水の注水を行い(ステップS6)、混合室3に設けた超音波振動器13によって振動させることにより、混合室3の内壁に付着したエアロゾルを洗浄する(ステップS7)。洗浄した洗浄水を、ポンプ6cを駆動して排出する(ステップS8)。上記工程を繰り返すことによって、連続測定を行うことができる。
【0042】
また、図4はエアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置の動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。湿式平行板デニューダを備えたエアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置は、エアロゾルのみの測定、エアロゾルとガス成分の両方の測定、およびガス成分のみの測定を、選択し切り分けて行うことができる(ステップS10)。
【0043】
エアロゾルのみの測定の場合には、湿式平行板デニューダを動作させた状態で(ステップS11)、前記図3のフローチャートに示す動作を行い、エアロゾルとガス成分の両方の測定の場合には、湿式平行板デニューダを停止した状態で(ステップS21)、前記図3のフローチャートに示す動作を行う。また、ガス成分のみの測定の場合には、湿式平行板デニューダを動作させた状態で(ステップS31)、湿式平行板デニューダの抽出水を回収し(ステップS32)、回収した抽出水を分析する(ステップS33)。
【0044】
また、各部に設けられた弁,バルブ,ポンプのオン、オフ制御は図示しない制御装置によって行い、これによって、自動連続測定を行うことができる。
【0045】
【表1】

Figure 0003545161
表1は、本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置によるエアロゾルの捕集効率の測定結果であり、毎分8.0lの流量で五分間測定したとき測定例である。これによれば、本発明の捕集抽出装置は99%以上の捕集効率を示している。
【0046】
【表2】
Figure 0003545161
また、表2および図5は本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置と従来のフィルターを用いた捕集抽出装置のクロスチェックの結果である。なお、表2中の傾きaと切片bはY軸方向にフィルター法による大気濃度をプロットし、X軸方向に本発明による大気濃度をプロットした一次回帰式の値である。また、平均濃度は本発明の装置によって得られた大気濃度(μg/m )である。また、図5は、SO 2− を例として、フィルター法による大気濃度と本発明による大気濃度を比較したものである。
【0047】
表2および図5の測定結果から本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置によって、エアロゾル中化学成分の捕集,測定を充分に行うことが確認される。
【0048】
【表3】
Figure 0003545161
また、表3は本発明の装置とフィルターを用いた装置のブランク値(大気濃度換算値)の比較、および実際の大気濃度の例である。なお、フィルターを用いた装置の値は、40l/minの通気流量で一時間の捕集した場合のブランク値(抽出量を20ml)であり、また、本発明の装置の値は、8l/minの通気流量で一時間の捕集した場合のブランク値である。
【0049】
【表4】
Figure 0003545161
また、表4は湿式平行板デニューダにより酸性・塩基性ガスの捕集効率の測定結果である。高い捕集効率が確認され、10l/minではほぼ100%に近い捕集効率となる。
【0050】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置によれば、エアロゾルの捕集とエアロゾル中化学成分の抽出を一工程で同時に行うことができ、エアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置に適用することにより、自動連続測定が可能となり、また、気体中のエアロゾル化学成分を正確に捕集し抽出することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置、およびエアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置の概略図である。
【図2】本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置の概略図である。
【図3】本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置の動作手順を説明するためのフローチャートである。
【図4】本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置の動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。
【図5】本発明のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置と従来のフィルターを用いた捕集抽出装置による大気濃度のクロスチェックの結果の1例(SO 2−)である。
【符号の説明】
1…エアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置、2…噴霧手段、2a…導入管、2b,2c…ノズル、3…混合室、4…回収手段、4a,4b…導入出管、5…湿式平行板デニューダ、6…ポンプ、7…バルブ、8…液量検出器、9…容器、10…イオンクロマトグラフ、11…フィルター、12…流量調整器、13…超音波振動器、100…エアロゾル中化学成分濃度の測定装置。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sampler, and particularly to a trapping / extracting device used for measuring the concentration of a chemical component in an aerosol contained in air or indoor air, and a measuring device for measuring the concentration of a chemical component in an aerosol using the trapping / extracting device. About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART The measurement of the concentration of a chemical component in an aerosol contained in the atmosphere or indoor gas is used in a monitoring field for monitoring occupational health, a healthy housing environment, exhaust gas, environmental pollution, and the like.
[0003]
Conventionally, in measuring the concentration of a chemical component in a soluble aerosol, a sample gas is suctioned through a filter by a high volume sampler having a ventilation flow rate of about 1500 l / min or a low volume sampler having a ventilation flow rate of about 50 l / min. The aerosol is filtered and collected, the filter sample is extracted with ultrapure water, and the extracted water is analyzed by an analyzer such as an ion chromatograph.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the case of performing measurement by collecting and extracting the above-mentioned conventional chemical components in the aerosol, since a filter is used for collecting the aerosol, a collecting step of collecting the aerosol, a chemical process in the collected aerosol, There is a problem that two steps of an extraction step for extracting components are required, and analysis of chemical components in the aerosol cannot be performed automatically and continuously. In environmental measurement by measuring chemical components in the aerosol contained in the atmosphere, sampling points are in various environments and the measurement time tends to be long, so a measurement device that can perform automatic continuous measurement is required. Have been.
[0005]
Further, in the case of collecting a chemical component in an aerosol using a conventional filter, when a gas component in the atmosphere passes through the filter, it may be adsorbed and formed into particles. Normally, when the analysis target is a chemical component in the aerosol, the component present in the gaseous state in the atmosphere is out of the measurement target, and the gas component adsorbed on the filter and formed into particles is the component originally present in the aerosol. There is a problem that it becomes an error component for the density.
[0006]
Conversely, when the particles collected on the filter are sublimable, the sublimable particles are gasified and volatilized, and the amount of chemical components to be extracted as particles decreases, and the measurement is performed. There is also a problem that an error occurs.
[0007]
Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problem of the collection of the chemical components in the aerosol by the conventional filter, and the collection of the aerosol and the extraction of the chemical components in the aerosol can be simultaneously performed in one step in the collection of the aerosol chemical components. A first object is to provide a collecting and extracting device, and a second object is to provide a measuring device of a concentration of a chemical component in an aerosol that can be automatically and continuously measured using the collecting and extracting device for a chemical component in the aerosol. And
[0008]
It is a third object of the present invention to accurately collect and extract aerosol chemical components in gas in a device for collecting and extracting chemical components in aerosol and a device for measuring the concentration of chemical components in aerosol.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, the extracted water is atomized by the sample gas, and the extracted water in the spray state is mixed with the sample gas to collect the aerosol in the sample gas into the extracted water and simultaneously extract the chemical components in the aerosol from the extracted water. This is a device for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol that can collect and extract in one step.
[0010]
The apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention introduces and aerates a sample gas containing an aerosol in order to simultaneously collect the aerosol and extract the chemical component in the aerosol in one step, and introduce the gas by the aerated gas. Spraying means for atomizing the extracted water, and including the spraying means therein, mixing the atomized extracted water with the sample gas, collecting the aerosol in the extracted water, and extracting the chemical components in the aerosol into the extracted water. It is configured to include a mixing chamber and a collecting means for collecting extracted water that has collected the aerosol.
[0011]
According to the apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention, a sample gas and extracted water are introduced into a spraying unit, and the extracted water is atomized by utilizing a gas flow caused by aeration of the sample gas. In the mixing chamber, the atomized extraction water and the sample gas are in a mixed state, during which the aerosol in the sample gas is collected in the extraction water. Further, the chemical components in the collected aerosol are extracted into the extraction water at the same time as the collection because the base of the collection is the extraction water.
[0012]
As the spraying means and the mixing chamber, the same device as a device conventionally known as a mist chamber can be used. A conventional mist chamber is a device for collecting a gas component in a sample gas in a liquid, and usually, in order to collect only a gas component without collecting an aerosol, a mist chamber is provided. A filter for removing aerosol is provided at the front stage. On the other hand, the spraying means and the mixing chamber provided in the apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention have a purpose opposite to that of the conventional mist chamber, and collect the aerosol in the sample gas. For the purpose of extraction, the aerosol is actively collected in the extraction water, and functions and functions different from those of the conventional mist chamber are achieved. Therefore, a filter for removing aerosol, which is required by the conventional mist chamber, is not used as a component, but rather, the filter causes a measurement error.
[0013]
According to the apparatus for collecting and extracting chemical components in an aerosol having the above configuration, the chemical components extracted in the extraction water include the chemical components present in a gaseous state in the sample gas in addition to the chemical components in the aerosol. Therefore, by measuring the concentration of the chemical component extracted by this collection and extraction device, the total amount of each of the chemical components existing in the aerosol state and the gas state in the sample gas can be measured.
[0014]
An apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol according to another configuration of the present invention separates and collects and extracts a chemical component in an aerosol and a chemical component in a gaseous state. In addition to the collecting and extracting device, a gas collecting means for extracting acidic and basic gases in the sample gas is provided at a stage before the sample gas is introduced into the spraying means.
[0015]
This gas collecting means can be constituted by a wet parallel plate denuder, and by passing the sample gas between the parallel plates for flowing the ultrapure water, the acidic and basic substances contained in the sample gas in the ultrapure water are obtained. It collects gas. Thereby, the gas collecting means can selectively collect the acidic and basic gases in the sample gas, and collect, analyze, and measure the concentration of the chemical components present in the sample gas in the gas state. it can.
[0016]
Further, since the sample gas that has passed through the gas collecting means has been removed from the acidic and basic gases, the sample gas from which the chemical components in the gaseous state have been removed can be used to collect and extract the chemical components in the aerosol of the present invention. , It is possible to collect, extract, analyze and measure the concentration of chemical components in the aerosol in the sample gas.
[0017]
Therefore, according to the apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol according to another configuration of the present invention, the chemical component in the aerosol and the chemical component in a gas state are separated and collected and extracted, and the concentration of the chemical component is set to the aerosol state. It can be measured separately from the gas state.
[0018]
The total amount can also be determined by adding the concentrations of the chemical components obtained by the two measurements.
[0019]
In addition, the collection and extraction equipment of the chemical component in the aerosol has the characteristic that the collection and extraction steps can be performed in one step at the same time, and the introduction and extraction of sample gas and extracted water are controlled by a program. In this way, the collection and extraction steps can be automatically and continuously performed, thereby making it possible to configure an apparatus for measuring the concentration of a chemical component in an aerosol capable of automatically and continuously measuring.
[0020]
Further, the apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention is provided with an ultrasonic vibrator in a mixing chamber, whereby an aerosol adhering to the mixing chamber is extracted into ultrapure water introduced into the mixing chamber, and spraying means is provided. In addition, cleaning of the mixing chamber can be performed, whereby the cleaning effect in automatic continuous measurement can be enhanced.
[0021]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention and a device for measuring the concentration of a chemical component in an aerosol, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention. is there.
[0022]
In FIG. 2, an apparatus 1 for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol includes a mixing chamber 3 and a spray unit 2 for forming a spray of extracted water in the mixing chamber 3. The sample chamber and the extraction water are introduced into the mixing chamber 3.
[0023]
The sample gas is introduced into the gas nozzle 2b in the mixing chamber 3 through the introduction pipe 2a, sucked through the filter 11, and led out of the mixing chamber 3. This filter is not a conventionally used filter for collecting aerosol, but is for preventing the sprayed extracted water from reaching the suction pump side.
[0024]
The introduction pipe 4a and the discharge pipe 4b communicate with the inside and the outside of the mixing chamber 3, and the extracted water is introduced and discharged into the mixing chamber 3 through the introduction pipe 4a and the discharge pipe 4b. The open end of the inlet pipe 4a is disposed near the bottom of the mixing chamber 3, and the introduced extracted water accumulates at the bottom near the open end, and the extracted water collected at the bottom is taken out through the outlet pipe 4b. .
[0025]
In the mixing chamber 3, one open end of the liquid nozzle 2c is disposed at the bottom near the open ends of the inlet pipe 4a and the outlet pipe 4b, and the other open end of the liquid nozzle 2c is connected to the gas nozzle 2b. It is located near the other open end.
[0026]
In the apparatus 1 for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol having the above structure, when the inside of the mixing chamber 2 is sucked by a suction pump in a state where the extraction water at the bottom of the mixing chamber 2 is introduced, the sample gas is introduced into the mixing chamber 2 through the introduction pipe 2a. And discharged from the tip of the gas nozzle 2b. The extracted water is sucked by the decompression due to the discharge of the sample gas from the gas nozzle 2b, and is discharged as a mist from the tip of a liquid nozzle 2c provided near the gas nozzle 2b. Thereby, atomization of the extraction water is performed.
[0027]
At this time, the aerosol contained in the sample gas is mixed with the formed sprayed extraction water in the mixing chamber 3 and collected in the extraction water. The mist-like extraction water is blocked by the filter 11 and gradually becomes a liquid, accumulates at the bottom of the mixing chamber 3, and is discharged again as a mist from the liquid nozzle 2 c to collect the aerosol. This operation is continued while the sample gas is being introduced, and the collection of the aerosol is continued.
[0028]
During the collection of the aerosol into the extraction water, the chemical components in the aerosol are extracted into the extraction water. Therefore, the step of collecting the aerosol into the extraction water and the step of extracting the chemical components in the aerosol into the extraction water are performed simultaneously in the same step.
[0029]
The extracted water from which the aerosol chemical components have been extracted is taken out of the mixing chamber 3 through the outlet pipe 4b.
[0030]
Next, an apparatus 1 for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol and a measuring device 100 for measuring the concentration of a chemical component in an aerosol according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The introduction of the sample gas into the mixing chamber 2 can be performed directly or by sucking the inside of the mixing chamber 3 with a suction pump 20 through a wet parallel plate denuder 5 described later. A filter 11 and a flow controller 12 are provided between the mixing chamber 3 and the suction pump 20. The filter 11 prevents the extracted water sprayed in the mixing chamber 3 from reaching the suction pump 20 side. Further, the flow regulator 12 regulates the flow rate of the sample gas introduced into the mixing chamber 3.
[0031]
Extraction water is introduced into the mixing chamber 2 from the ultrapure water container 9a storing the ultrapure water extraction water through the introduction pipe 4a via the pump 6b. The extraction water from which the collection and extraction of the aerosol has been completed is led by the pump 6a through the outlet pipe 4b to an analyzer such as the ion chromatograph 10.
[0032]
In addition, when extracting the extracted water in the mixing chamber 3 to the outside for the purpose of washing or canceling the overflow, the pump 6c is driven based on the detection signal of the liquid amount detector 8a such as an optical sensor, and is illustrated. Not done through other outlet pipes.
[0033]
The apparatus 100 for measuring the concentration of a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention may be constituted by an apparatus 1 for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol, and an ion chromatograph 10 for analyzing and measuring the extracted water. May be provided.
[0034]
The wet parallel plate denuder 5 extracts or removes acidic or basic gas contained in passing gas by flowing ultrapure water down a plate arranged in parallel. The ultrapure water can be injected from the ultrapure water container 9b storing the extracted water by the pump 6d, and the extracted water can be collected into the extracted water container 9c by the pump 6e. Further, based on a detection signal of a liquid amount detector 8b such as an optical sensor provided in the extraction water container 9c, the extraction water is sent from the extraction water container 9c to the ion chromatograph 10, and the chemical components existing in a gas state are removed. An analysis can be performed.
[0035]
The wet parallel plate denuder 5 removes the chemical components present in the gaseous state in the sample gas in advance, so that the present apparatus can collect, extract, analyze and measure the concentration of the chemical components present in the aerosol state in the sample gas. It can be performed. Further, the acidic parallel gas and the basic gas in the sample gas can be selectively collected by the wet parallel plate denuder, and the collection, analysis and concentration measurement of the chemical components existing in the sample gas in the gas state can be performed.
[0036]
Therefore, the chemical component in the aerosol and the chemical component in the gas state can be separated and collected and extracted, and the concentration of the chemical component can be measured separately in the aerosol state and the gas state. In addition, the total amount of the chemical components can be obtained by adding the concentrations of the chemical components obtained by the two measurements.
[0037]
Next, an operation procedure of the apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
[0038]
Extraction water is injected by taking out ultrapure water from the ultrapure water container 9a and introducing it into the mixing chamber 3 (step S1). After the extraction water is injected, the suction pump is driven, and the sample gas is introduced into the mixing chamber 3 and aerated while the extraction water is stored at the bottom of the mixing chamber 3. The extracted water is atomized by aeration of the sample gas (step S2).
[0039]
In the mixing chamber 3, the atomized extraction water and the sample gas are mixed, whereby the aerosol in the sample gas is collected in the extraction water, and further, the chemical components in the aerosol collected in the extraction water are It is extracted into the extraction water (step S3).
[0040]
After the collection of the aerosol and the extraction of the chemical components in the aerosol are completed, the suction pump is stopped, and the extracted water collected at the bottom of the mixing chamber 3 is collected (Step S4). The collected extracted water is led to an analyzer such as an ion chromatograph, and the chemical components in the aerosol are analyzed (step S5).
[0041]
In order to collect the next aerosol and to extract the chemical components in the aerosol, the cleaning water is injected by taking out the ultrapure water from the ultrapure water container 9a and introducing it into the mixing chamber 3 (step S6). The aerosol adhering to the inner wall of the mixing chamber 3 is washed by vibrating by the ultrasonic vibrator 13 provided in the mixing chamber 3 (Step S7). The washed washing water is discharged by driving the pump 6c (step S8). By repeating the above steps, continuous measurement can be performed.
[0042]
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the measuring device for measuring the concentration of chemical components in the aerosol. The measuring device for the chemical component concentration in the aerosol provided with the wet parallel plate denuder can selectively perform measurement of only the aerosol, measurement of both the aerosol and the gas component, and measurement of only the gas component (step S10). ).
[0043]
In the case of measuring only the aerosol, the operation shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3 is performed in a state where the wet parallel plate denuder is operated (step S11). In the case of measuring both the aerosol and the gas component, the wet parallel plate denuder is used. With the plate denuder stopped (step S21), the operation shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3 is performed. In the case of measuring only the gas component, with the wet parallel plate denuder operating (step S31), the water extracted from the wet parallel plate denuder is collected (step S32), and the collected water is analyzed (step S32). Step S33).
[0044]
Further, on / off control of valves, valves, and pumps provided in each section is performed by a control device (not shown), whereby automatic continuous measurement can be performed.
[0045]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003545161
Table 1 shows the measurement results of the collection efficiency of the aerosol by the device for collecting and extracting a chemical component in the aerosol of the present invention, and is a measurement example when the measurement is performed at a flow rate of 8.0 l / min for 5 minutes. According to this, the collection and extraction device of the present invention has a collection efficiency of 99% or more.
[0046]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003545161
In addition, Table 2 and FIG. 5 show the results of cross-check between the device for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention and the device for collecting and extracting using a conventional filter. Note that the slope a and the intercept b in Table 2 are values of a linear regression equation in which the air concentration by the filter method is plotted in the Y-axis direction and the air concentration according to the present invention is plotted in the X-axis direction. The average concentration is the atmospheric concentration (μg / m 3 ) obtained by the apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows a comparison between the air concentration according to the present invention and the air concentration according to the present invention, using SO 4 2- as an example.
[0047]
From the measurement results in Table 2 and FIG. 5, it is confirmed that the apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention sufficiently collects and measures a chemical component in an aerosol.
[0048]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003545161
Table 3 is a comparison of blank values (atmospheric concentration conversion values) of the device of the present invention and a device using a filter, and shows an example of the actual atmospheric concentration. The value of the device using a filter is a blank value (the amount of extraction is 20 ml) when the air is collected for one hour at a ventilation flow rate of 40 l / min, and the value of the device of the present invention is 8 l / min. This is a blank value when air is collected for an hour at a ventilation flow rate of.
[0049]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003545161
Table 4 shows the measurement results of the collection efficiency of acidic / basic gas using a wet parallel plate denuder. High collection efficiency was confirmed, and at 10 l / min, the collection efficiency was almost 100%.
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention, the collection of the aerosol and the extraction of the chemical component in the aerosol can be performed simultaneously in one step, and the measurement of the concentration of the chemical component in the aerosol By applying the present invention to an apparatus, automatic continuous measurement becomes possible, and an aerosol chemical component in a gas can be accurately collected and extracted.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol and a device for measuring the concentration of a chemical component in an aerosol according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an operation procedure of the apparatus for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the apparatus for measuring the concentration of a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an example (SO 4 2− ) of the result of cross-check of the atmospheric concentration by the device for collecting and extracting a chemical component in an aerosol of the present invention and the device for collecting and extracting a conventional filter.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Collection and extraction apparatus of the chemical component in an aerosol, 2 ... Spraying means, 2a ... Introductory pipe, 2b, 2c ... Nozzle, 3 ... Mixing chamber, 4 ... Recovery means, 4a, 4b ... Introducing and exiting pipe, 5 ... Wet parallel Plate denuder, 6 pump, 7 valve, 8 liquid detector, 9 container, 10 ion chromatograph, 11 filter, 12 flow regulator, 13 ultrasonic vibrator, 100 chemical in aerosol Device for measuring component concentration.

Claims (2)

エアロゾルを含む試料気体を導入し通気させ、該通気気体によって導入した抽出水を噴霧化する噴霧手段と、
前記噴霧手段を内部に含み、噴霧化した抽出水と試料気体を混合させ、エアロゾルを抽出水中に捕集させ、エアロゾル中化学成分を抽出水中に抽出させる混合室と、
エアロゾルを捕集した抽出水を回収する回収手段とを備え、
抽出水中へのエアロゾルの捕集とエアロゾル中化学成分の抽出を同時に行うことを特徴とするエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置。
Spraying means for introducing and aerating a sample gas containing an aerosol, and atomizing the extracted water introduced by the aerated gas;
A mixing chamber including the spraying means therein, mixing the atomized extraction water and the sample gas, collecting the aerosol in the extraction water, and extracting the chemical components in the aerosol into the extraction water,
Collection means for collecting the extracted water that has collected the aerosol,
An apparatus for collecting and extracting aerosol chemical components in an aerosol, wherein the collection of aerosols in extraction water and the extraction of chemical components in the aerosol are performed simultaneously.
前記噴霧手段に試料気体を導入する前段部分に、試料気体中のガス化学成分を捕集する湿式平行板デニューダを備え、
エアロゾル中化学成分とガス化学成分とを分離して捕集することを特徴とする、請求項1記載のエアロゾル中化学成分の捕集抽出装置。
A wet parallel plate denuder that captures gaseous chemical components in the sample gas is provided at a stage before the sample gas is introduced into the spraying unit,
The apparatus for collecting and extracting chemical components in an aerosol according to claim 1, wherein the chemical components in the aerosol and the gas chemical components are separated and collected.
JP05615497A 1997-03-11 1997-03-11 Device for collecting and extracting chemical components in aerosol Expired - Lifetime JP3545161B2 (en)

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JP5359850B2 (en) * 2009-12-18 2013-12-04 Jfeスチール株式会社 Continuous analysis method and apparatus for dust in blast furnace exhaust gas
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