JP3544379B2 - Two-liquid separation coating type fast-curing aqueous adhesive and bonding method - Google Patents

Two-liquid separation coating type fast-curing aqueous adhesive and bonding method Download PDF

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JP3544379B2
JP3544379B2 JP04803692A JP4803692A JP3544379B2 JP 3544379 B2 JP3544379 B2 JP 3544379B2 JP 04803692 A JP04803692 A JP 04803692A JP 4803692 A JP4803692 A JP 4803692A JP 3544379 B2 JP3544379 B2 JP 3544379B2
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component
curing
aqueous
adhesive
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JPH05214306A (en
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藤 義 明 伊
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Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤と接着方法に関する。詳しくは、特に木材、紙、無機質材料の接着に適した2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤と接着方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、この種の接着剤にはポリビニルアルコール類やデンプン類をはじめポリ酢酸ビニルエマルジョン、尿素樹脂、ゴム系樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、イソシアネート系化合物等が用いられている。
しかしながら、ゴム系樹脂よりなる接着剤を除いていずれも初期の接着強度が悪く、又ゴム系樹脂接着剤も多量の有機溶剤を使用しているため毒性と火災の危険があり、かつ又老化し易いという欠点がある。
【0003】
そこでこれらの欠点を改良すべく種々の研究が行われ、例えば分子内にアセトアセチル基を有する高分子化合物の水性溶液及び/又は水性エマルジョンからなる主剤、アルデヒド化合物、イソシアネート化合物、ポリエチレンイミン、ヒドラジン化合物の硬化剤からなる2液型速硬化性接着剤(特公平1−60190〜60192号公報)、イミド基を含有する重合体エマルジョン及びアルデヒド基を有する化合物からなる2液型速硬化水性接着剤(特開昭60−53575号公報)等が提案されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これらの速硬化性粘着剤は、主剤と硬化剤とが理想的な混合状態である時初めてその効果を発揮するものである。
しかしながら、主剤と硬化剤とは主剤の表面部分でしか接触できず、内部まで浸透し合うことが非常に困難であり、特に多孔質な基材、例えばラワン材を用いる場合や基材の凹部分では両成分の混合不良が生じ易く、接着力の低下及び部分的な接着不良から界面剥離を引き起こす等の原因となる。
【0005】
従って、実際には主剤と硬化剤との良好な混合状態を得るために貼り合わせた接着面同志を上下左右にずらす等の作業が行われているが、かかる主剤と硬化剤とが接触してからのゲル化時間が非常に短いためかかる作業においても理想的な混合状態となり得ることは希である。更に硬化剤は通常水溶液として被着面に塗布されるのだが、水への溶解度の制約もあり希薄溶液で用いることが多く、多孔質な基材では基材内部にかかる硬化剤が浸透してしまう結果、必要な硬化剤が不足したり、あるいは初期接着力を強くするためには、予め硬化剤を乾燥しなければならない等の欠点があり、例えそのものが本質的に優れた速硬化性接着剤であっても、その優れた性質を製品において充分に発揮されていないのが現状である。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
しかるに本発明者等は、かかる課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、木質材料、無機質材料及び紙質材料から選ばれる被着剤に使用する2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤であって、かつ(イ)高分子化合物の水溶液及び/又は水性エマルジョンから成るA成分(ロ)硬化剤及び該硬化剤と直接反応することのない微粒子を含む混合物からなるB成分からなる2液分別塗布型速硬化性接着剤が目的に合致することを見出し本発明を完成するに至った。本発明においてはB成分の硬化剤側に該硬化剤と直接反応することのない微粒子を混合することにより、硬化剤の必要量を基材表面に露出させ、かつ硬化剤の塗布表面がポーラスとなるためA成分が基材の局部的な凹面部であろうと、又局部的な厚塗り状態であろうと主剤深部への浸透を極めて容易に行うことができ、更に主剤が硬化剤塗布側にも接着し合うようになって常に理想的に混合されるので、極めて良好な接着状態が得られる。
以下、本発明について詳述する。
【0007】
本発明における高分子化合物とは、ポリビニルアルコール(以下、PVAと略する)、変性PVA。ポリアクリル酸とそのアルカリ金属塩。アクリル酸共重合体。無水マレイン酸と酢酸ビニル、スチレン、メチルビニルエーテル、エチレン、プロピレン、イソブチレンなどの共重合体。水溶性ポリエステル。ポリアクリルアミド。アクリルアミドと塩化ビニルなどの共重合体。ポリビニルピロリドン。水溶性ポリアミン。尿素−ホルムアルデヒド縮合体。レゾルシノール−ホルムアルデヒド縮合体などの合成高分子。澱粉とその化学変性体。カルボキシルメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースなどの天然または半合成高分子が挙げられ、特に初期接着性及び恒久的な接着強化を発現させるにはアセトアセチル基を含有する高分子化合物の水溶液及び/又は水性エマルジョンが好ましく、かかる水溶液及び/又は水性エマルジョンとしてはアセトアセチル基含有ポリビニルアルコール(以下AA化PVAと略する)が有利である。
【0008】
かかるAA化PVAは任意の方法で製造されるが、好ましくはPVAとジケテンとを反応して得られる。例えばPVAをジメチルホルムアミド、またはジオキサンなどの溶媒に予め溶解しておき、これにジケテンを添加する方法である。またPVAにジケテンガスまたは液状ジケテンを直接接触させてAA化PVAを得る方法も採り得る。AA化PVAを得る際に用いられるPVAは特に限定されないが、残存酢酸基0.1〜15モル%、平均重合度300〜2600、平均ケン化度85〜99モル%の範囲が好ましい。AA化PVAのAA化度は0.05〜20モル%、より好ましくは0.05〜15モル%の範囲が適当である。
【0009】
水性エマルジョンとしては天然ゴムラテックス、スチレン/ブタジエン系ラテックス、シス−1・4ポリイソブレンラテックス、クロロブレンラテックス、アクリロニトリル/ブタジエンラテックス、ビニルピリジンラテックス、メチルメタクリレート/ブタジエンラテックス、ポリウレタンラテックス、アクリルエステル系エマルジョン、酢酸ビニル系エマルジョン、エチレン/酢酸ビニル系エマルジョン、塩化ビニル系ラテックス、ポリスチレンラテックス、ポリエチレンエマルジョン、シリコーンエマルジョン、ポリブテンエマルジョン、チオコールラテックス、エポキシ系エマルジョン、などが挙げられる。又、AA化PVAやPVA等の高分子化合物を乳化剤として乳化重合した重合体エマルジョンも含まれる。
【0010】
かかる高分子化合物の水溶液及び水性エマルジョンは単独で使用しても、又二種以上併用して用いても良く、水溶性高分子とエマルジョンを併用する時の両者の混合重量比は5/95〜95/5が適当である。これらは通常固形分10〜70重量%のものを用いる。
かかるA成分には必要に応じて通常行われる可塑剤、着色剤、充填剤、更に恒久的な接着強化の目的で比較的硬化速度の遅い、アルデヒド類、イソシアネート系化合物、エポキシ系化合物、ジルコニウム、クロム、アルミニウム、鉄、銅等の多価金属塩等からなる架橋剤をA成分作成時あるいは塗布直前に適当量添加しても差し支えない。
【0011】
本発明のB成分における硬化剤とは特に制限はなく例えばホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、ベンズアルデヒドなどのモノアルデヒド類、グリオキザール、マロンジアルデヒド、ジアルデヒドでんぷんなどのジアルデヒド類からなるアルデヒド化合物、ヒドラジン、ヒドラジンヒドラート、ヒドラジンの無機塩類及び有機塩類、カルボジヒドラジド、シュウ酸ジヒドラジド、マロン酸ジヒドラジド、コハク酸ジヒドラジド、アジピン酸ジヒドラジドなどからなるヒドラジン化合物、尿素、メラミン及びそれらのメチロール化合物、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、トリエタノールアミン等からなるアミン系化合物、ポリエチレンイミンなどからなるイミン系化合物、ポリアミドアミン樹脂等が挙げられ、実際の使用においてはA成分に対応したものが適宜選ばれる。
【0012】
本発明における硬化剤と直接反応することのない微粒子は表面積が大きく、かつ多孔質のものが良く、60℃以下の水に対して不溶性あるいは膨潤することが好ましく、例えばトウモロコシデンプン、馬鈴薯デンプン、甘藷デンプン、コムギデンプン、キッサバデンプン、サゴデンプン、タピオカデンプン、モロコシデンプン、コメデンプン、マメデンプン、クズデンプン、ワラビデンプン、ハスデンプン、ヒシデンプン、小麦粉等の各種デンプンの粉末、ポリアクリル酸系部分架橋物、PVA及びその誘導体及びその部分架橋物等の吸水性樹脂粉末、カゼイン、血粉、大豆蛋白、炭酸カルシウム、タルク、硅酸カルシウム、クレー、石こう、シラス、シリカ、ベンナイト、酸化チタン、酸化マグネシウム、ゼオライト、マグネシウムアルミニウムシリケート、サチン白、硫酸バリウム、亜鉛華等の体質顔料、有色顔料が挙げられ、かかる微粒子は1種又は2種以上混合して用いられる。
【0013】
かかる微粒末の粒径は特に制限するものではないが、好ましくは粒径が500μm〜0.5μmのものが良く、500μmを越えると接着主剤の均一な硬化が行えず、更に被着剤の密着性も悪くなるので接着強さも低下する。一方0.5μm以下では接着主剤の局部的な厚塗り部分の硬化が不十分となり目的に合致しなくなる。硬化剤と微粉末との混合方法は特に制限するものではなく、微粉末に直接硬化剤を混合するか、又硬化剤か微粉末のいずれかを水及び水/有機溶剤に溶解もしくは分散する等の方法で撹拌混合されスラリー状とする。かかる水性スラリーはそのままの形態で放置しても良く、あるいは撹拌下加熱により乾燥して粉末にすることも可能である。
【0014】
硬化剤と微粉末の混合割合は重量比において硬化剤/微粉末=1/100〜100/1、好ましくは20/80〜80/20が適している。水性スラリーの場合、通常固形分10〜70重量%程度が適当である。
かかるB成分には必要に応じて該硬化剤と直接反応することのない展着用バインダーを配合することができ、かかる展着剤としてはPVA及びその誘導体、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリオキシエチレン、酸化エチレンと酸化プロピレンの共重合体、アクリル酸系共重合体、ポリカルボン酸系共重合体等の合成高分子水溶液及び/又はエマルジョン、有機溶剤ペースト、アルギン酸又はその塩、グアーガム、ローカストビーンガム、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム塩、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース等セルロース誘導体、リグニンスルホン酸塩、ゼラチン、カラギーナン等の天然高分子水溶液等を適量混合しても良く、更にタッキーファイヤー等の粘着付与剤、各種粘着剤、着色剤、界面活性剤、粘度調整剤等を適宜配合しても差し支えない。
【0015】
本発明によって得られるA成分及びB成分よりなる2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤は、接着に際して、A成分を接着せんとする被着面、例えば木材などの片面に塗布し、B成分を接着せんとする他の被着面に塗布する。A成分の塗布方法としては塗布量が固形分で50〜300g/m程度になるように基材表面に均一に塗工する。B成分の塗布方法としては任意の方法が用いられ、例えば予め必要な展着剤を被着面に塗工しておき、その上に該微粉末及び硬化剤の混合物を散布する方法、かかる混合物を水性スラリーとして塗布するか又は水性スラリーを予め塗布乾燥して置いておく方法あるいは粉体状のままで刷毛刷り、スプレーロールコーター、フローコーター等の通常の塗装機により塗布する方法が挙げられる。基材への塗布量は固形分で5〜300g/m程度が好ましい。
【0016】
かかるA成分及びB成分を塗布した基材両面を密着貼り合わせ、圧締、プレスすると室温で15秒〜30分以内にかなりの初期接着強さが得られ、その様な短時間で解圧することができ、そのまま放置し養生すると、その最終接着強さは、充分に高い接着強度のものが得られる。また解圧後、間もなくして切削るなど機械加工も出来る。
一般に、水媒体とする接着剤では室温にては、かなり長時間の圧締・プレスを行わないと、充分な最終接着強度とならないが、本発明の2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤によれば、速硬化性の故に、圧縮・プレスが短時間であっても、放置、養生後の最終接着強度の充分なる接着を行うことが出来る。
【0017】
本発明の2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤は、各種の木質材料例えば木材、チップボード、ハードボードの如き木質材、スレート板、硅カル板のような無機質材料、段ボール紙、板紙、クラフト紙など紙質材料などを接着することが出来る。従ってフラッシュパネル、化粧合板、プレハブパネル、集成材などの平面接着とか、線貼り、ホゾ、ダボ、トメ、ハギ、角木、その他の組み立てや家具組み立てなどの木材工業に、そしてまた段ボール、合板、紙管、紙器、製袋などの紙加工に利用出来、その作業が、迅速化と省力化され、室温でも接着出来て、接着作業時間の短縮と省エネルギーに寄与する。
【0018】
【作 用】
本発明の2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤は、極めて短時間の圧締で十分な接着強さを発現するほかに、接着面における被着材の空隙率、含水率及び多少の凹凸による接着強さへの影響が少なく、主剤と硬化剤とが理想的な混合状態となるため、本来有するその優れた性質を充分に発揮でき、高い接着力が得られるためその有用性は極めて高い。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明について詳述する。
尚、「部」、「%」とあるのはことわりのない限り重量基準である。
(実施例1)
A成分
AA化PVA(重合度1300、ケン化度97モル%、アセトアセチル化度5.5モル%)を保護コロイドとする酢酸ビニル樹脂エマルジョン100部に対してMDI系イソシアネート(スミジュール44V−20、住友バイエルウレタン社製)15部を塗布直前に撹拌混合した。
但し、酢酸ビニルエマルジョンは次のようにして得られた。
ガラス製重合容器に水147部と前掲の保護コロイド17部及び無水酢酸ナトリウム0.12部を装入し、内温を85℃に上昇して保護コロイドを溶解した。次に70℃で120部の酢酸ビニルと過硫酸カリウムの3%水溶液10部を3時間かけて別々に滴下し、酢酸ビニルの滴下終了直前に重亜硫酸ナトリウムの6%水溶液10部を添加し、1時間熟成して乳化重合を完結した後、冷却して得られたエマルジョンは固形分45%、粘度150ポイズであった。
【0020】
B成分
内容1リットルの卓上ニーダーに平均粒子径40μの炭酸カルシウム(白石カルシウム社製)300部を仕込み、70%炭酸ヒドラジン溶液(日本ヒドラジン工業(株)製品)72部を撹拌混合して均一に含浸した後、更に高吸水性樹脂であるポリアクリル酸ソーダの懸濁重合品(平均粒子径130μ、アクアリザーブAP−100、日本合成化学(株)社製)200部を混合し、硬化剤10%を含有する粉末を得た。
かかるA成分、B成分からなる速硬化水性接着剤の圧縮剪断接着力を下記に示す方法を用いて測定した。結果はまとめて表1に示す。
【0021】
圧縮剪断接着力(JIS K−6852に準ずる)
(A)25mm×50mm×10mmの2片の樺材に対して一方の接着面にA成分を塗布量220g/m2になるように塗布し、他方にB成分を50g/m2になるように60メッシュ金網を介して均一に散布した後、直ちに塗布した両面を接触させて5kgf/cm2で圧締した。
(B)A成分をベイツガ材、B成分をラワン合板にした以外は前掲に準じて試験片を作製した。
(C)A成分をベイツガ材、B成分を石こう板(繊維混入)にした以外は前掲に準じて試験片を作製した。但し、測定は耐温水処理を除き、常態及び耐水試験とした。
【0022】
ついで(A)、(B)、(C)それぞれを表1に示す各圧締時間後に解圧し、5分間養生後、及び72時間養生後における圧縮剪断接着強さを測定した。
(耐水)
前述の養生後、接着試験片を約25℃の室温水に6時間浸漬後、直ちに圧縮剪断強さを測定した。
但し、試験片(C)は室温水6時間浸漬後、室温にて20時間乾燥後圧縮剪断強さを測定した。
(耐温水)
前述の養生後、接着試験片を約60℃の温水に3時間浸漬した後、室温水に冷却したものを直ちに圧縮剪断強さを測定した。
(比較例1)
実施例1においてB成分として炭酸カルシウム及びポリアクリル酸粉末を用いないで、炭酸ヒドラジンの5%水溶液を50g/m2になるように塗布し、室温で4時間乾燥した以外は同例に従って実験を行った。結果をまとめて表1に示す。
【0023】
【表1】
表1

Figure 0003544379
【0024】
注1)被着材(A)は樺材/樺材、(B)はベイツガ材/ラワン材、(C)はベイツガ材/石こう板を示す
注2)接着強さは試験片7個の平均値で示した
注3)養生72時間における()内は材破率を示す
【0025】
かかる表1より、本発明のA,B2成分よりなる接着剤組成物が、硬質で細密な樺材はもとより軟質で多孔質なラワン材及び吸水性の大きい石こう材においても優れた接着力を示していることがわかる。
【0026】
(実施例2)
A成分
AA化PVA(重合度1700、ケン化度88モル%、アセトアセチル化度5.7モル%)の20%水溶液30部、重亜硫酸ナトリウムの20%水溶液1部、スチレン−ブタジエン系共重合体ラテックス(DL−612、旭化成工業(株)社製、樹脂分48%、粘度1400cps)48部及び炭酸カルシウム21部からなる水分散液(固形分50%)100部に対してジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(ミリオネートMR、日本ポリウレタン(株)社製)10部を塗布直前に撹拌混合した。
【0027】
B成分
内容1リットルの卓上ニーダーにベントナイト(平均粒子径74μ、半井化学(株)社製)300部を仕込み、ポリアミドアミン樹脂(トーマイド#2500、富士化成工業(株)社製)の30%メタノール溶液100部を混合含浸した後、撹拌下加熱して粉末とした。かかる粉末を被着材の一方に刷毛塗りした。
かかるA成分、B成分からなる速硬化水性接着剤の圧縮剪断接着力を実施例1に従って測定した。但し、速硬化水性接着剤の塗布条件は次に示すとうりである。結果はまとめて表2に示す。
【0028】
(A)25mm×50mm×10mmの2片の樺材、(B)25mm×50mm×12mmの2片のラワン合板各々に対して、一方の接着面にA成分を塗布量約100g/m2(固形分)になるように塗布し、他方にB成分を塗布量約5〜10g/m2(硬化剤分)になるように塗布した後、A成分及びB成分を塗布した両面を接触させて直ちに5kgf/cm2で圧締した。
【0029】
(実施例3)
A成分
AA化PVA(重合度1700、ケン化度88モル%、アセトアセチル化度6.2モル%)の16.2%水溶液37部、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体エマルジョン(エチレン:酢酸ビニル=41:59(重量比)、樹脂分55%、粘度2100cps)42部及び炭酸カルシウム21部からなる水分散液(固形分50%)100部に対してジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(ミリオネートMR、日本ポリウレタン(株)社製)10部を塗布直前に撹拌混合した。
【0030】
B成分
アジピン酸ジヒドラジド10%水溶液30部、部分ケン化PVA(GL−05、日本合成化学工業(株)社製)5%水溶液10部、コーンスターチ(平均粒径20μ)60部からなる60%スラリー液を接着基材に予め塗布乾燥しておいた。
上記で示したA成分及びB成分を用い、実施例2に従って圧縮剪断接着力を測定した。結果をまとめて表2に示す。
【0031】
(実施例4)
A成分
部分イミド化イソバン(イソバン304、(株)クラレ社製)の30%水溶液100部、スチレンアクリル系共重合体エマルジョン(ポリトロンT−810、旭化成工業(株)社製、樹脂分50%、粘度2500cps)80部及び炭酸カルシウム20部を充分に撹拌混合した45%水分散液
B成分
グリオキサール40%水溶液(日本合成化学工業(株)社製)50部、カオリンクレー(バーゲス・ピグメント社製)100部からなる67%スラリー液
上記で示したA成分及びB成分を用い、実施例2に従って圧縮剪断接着力を測定した。結果をまとめて表2に示す。
【0032】
(比較例2)
実施例2においてB成分としてベントナイトを用いないでポリアミドアミン樹脂の水:メタノール=1:1の30%溶液で塗布した以外は同例に従って実験を行った。結果をまとめて表3に示す。
(比較例3)
実施例3においてB成分としてコンスターチ及び部分ケン化PVAを混合しなかった以外は同例に従って実験を行った。結果をまとめて表3に示す。
(比較例4)
実施例4においてB成分としてカオリンクレーを混合しなかった以外は同例に従って実験を行った。結果をまとめて表3に示す。
【0033】
【表2】
表2
Figure 0003544379
【0034】
注1)(A)は樺材/樺材、(B)はラワン材/ラワン材を示す
注2)B成分における()内は硬化剤分を示す
注3)接着強さは試験片7個の平均値で示した
注4)養生72時間における()内は材破率を示す
【0035】
【表3】
表3
Figure 0003544379
【0036】
注1)(A)は樺材/樺材、(B)はラワン材/ラワン材を示す
注2)B成分における()内は硬化剤分を示す
注3)接着強さは試験片7個の平均値で示した
注4)養生72時間における()内は材破率を示す
【0037】
【発明の効果】
一般に水性接着剤はかなり長時間の圧絞が必要であるが本発明の2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤は、主剤と硬化剤とが理想的な混合状態となるため、被着材質によって接着強さが左右されることがなく、本来有するその優れた性質を充分に発揮でき、高度の接着力が得られるため工業的にみて非常に有利となる。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a two-component, separate-coating, fast-curing aqueous adhesive and an adhesive method. For details, particularly wood, paper relates to bonding methods and two-liquid fractionation coating type fast curing aqueous adhesive suitable for adhesion of inorganic materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Heretofore, polyvinyl alcohols, starches, polyvinyl acetate emulsions, urea resins, rubber resins, epoxy resins, isocyanate compounds, and the like have been used for this type of adhesive.
However, except for adhesives made of rubber-based resin, all of them have poor initial adhesive strength, and rubber-based resin adhesives use a large amount of organic solvents, so there is a risk of toxicity and fire, and aging. There is a disadvantage that it is easy.
[0003]
Therefore, various studies have been conducted to improve these drawbacks, for example, a main agent comprising an aqueous solution and / or an aqueous emulsion of a polymer compound having an acetoacetyl group in a molecule, an aldehyde compound, an isocyanate compound, a polyethyleneimine, a hydrazine compound. Two-component fast-curing adhesive comprising a curing agent of the formula ( Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-60190-60192), a two-component fast-curing aqueous adhesive comprising a polymer emulsion containing an imide group and a compound having an aldehyde group ( Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-53575) has been proposed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
These fast-curing pressure-sensitive adhesives exhibit their effects only when the main agent and the curing agent are in an ideal mixed state.
However, the main agent and the curing agent can only come into contact with each other at the surface portion of the main agent, and it is very difficult to penetrate into the inside. In such a case, a poor mixing of the two components is liable to occur, which causes a decrease in adhesive strength and a partial poor adhesion to cause interface separation.
[0005]
Therefore, in actuality, in order to obtain a good mixing state of the main agent and the curing agent, operations such as shifting the bonding surfaces bonded to each other up, down, left and right are performed. It is rare that an ideal mixing state can be obtained even in such an operation because the gelation time from the gel is very short. Furthermore, although the curing agent is usually applied to the surface to be adhered as an aqueous solution, it is often used in a dilute solution due to the limitation of solubility in water. As a result, there is a shortcoming that the required curing agent is insufficient, or the curing agent must be dried in advance in order to strengthen the initial adhesive strength. At present, even agents are not sufficiently exhibiting their excellent properties in products.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
However, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve such problems, and as a result, a two-part separation coating fast-setting aqueous adhesive used for an adherend selected from wood, inorganic, and paper materials. And (A) a two-component, separate coating type comprising a component A comprising an aqueous solution and / or an aqueous emulsion of a polymer compound ; and a component B comprising a mixture containing a curing agent and fine particles which do not directly react with the curing agent. The present inventors have found that a fast-curing adhesive is suitable for the purpose, and have completed the present invention. In the present invention, by mixing fine particles that do not directly react with the curing agent on the curing agent side of the B component, the required amount of the curing agent is exposed on the substrate surface, and the application surface of the curing agent becomes porous. Therefore, regardless of whether the component A is a locally concave surface portion of the base material or a locally thick coating state, it can very easily penetrate into the deep portion of the base material, and further, the base material is also applied to the hardener application side. Since they are bonded to each other and are always ideally mixed, an extremely good bonding state is obtained.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0007]
The polymer compound in the present invention includes polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter abbreviated as PVA) and modified PVA. Polyacrylic acid and its alkali metal salts. Acrylic acid copolymer. Copolymers of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate, styrene, methyl vinyl ether, ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, etc. Water-soluble polyester. Polyacrylamide. Copolymers such as acrylamide and vinyl chloride. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Water-soluble polyamine. Urea-formaldehyde condensate. Synthetic polymers such as resorcinol-formaldehyde condensate. Starch and its chemically modified form. Carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, natural or semi-synthetic polymers such as hydroxypropylcellulose, and the like. In particular, an aqueous solution of a polymer compound containing an acetoacetyl group to express initial adhesion and permanent adhesion enhancement and An aqueous emulsion is preferred, and an acetoacetyl group-containing polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter abbreviated as AA-PVA) is advantageous as the aqueous solution and / or aqueous emulsion.
[0008]
Such AA-PVA is produced by any method, but is preferably obtained by reacting PVA with diketene. For example, PVA is previously dissolved in a solvent such as dimethylformamide or dioxane, and diketene is added thereto. Alternatively, a method of obtaining an AA-PVA by directly contacting PVA with diketene gas or liquid diketene may be employed. The PVA used for obtaining the AA-PVA is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 15 mol% of residual acetic acid groups, average polymerization degree of 300 to 2600, and average saponification degree of 85 to 99 mol%. The AA conversion degree of the AA-PVA is suitably in the range of 0.05 to 20 mol%, more preferably 0.05 to 15 mol%.
[0009]
Aqueous emulsions include natural rubber latex, styrene / butadiene latex, cis-1.4 polyisobrene latex, chlorobrene latex, acrylonitrile / butadiene latex, vinylpyridine latex, methyl methacrylate / butadiene latex, polyurethane latex, acrylic ester emulsion , A vinyl acetate emulsion, an ethylene / vinyl acetate emulsion, a vinyl chloride latex, a polystyrene latex, a polyethylene emulsion, a silicone emulsion, a polybutene emulsion, a thiochol latex, and an epoxy emulsion. Further, a polymer emulsion obtained by emulsion polymerization of a polymer compound such as AA-PVA or PVA as an emulsifier is also included.
[0010]
The aqueous solution and the aqueous emulsion of such a polymer compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When the water-soluble polymer and the emulsion are used in combination, the mixing weight ratio of both is 5/95 to 95/5 is appropriate. These usually have a solid content of 10 to 70% by weight.
Such an A component includes a plasticizer, a coloring agent, a filler, and a aldehyde, an isocyanate-based compound, an epoxy-based compound, a zirconium, which have a relatively low curing speed for the purpose of permanent adhesion enhancement. A suitable amount of a crosslinking agent comprising a polyvalent metal salt such as chromium, aluminum, iron, copper or the like may be added at the time of preparing the component A or immediately before coating.
[0011]
The curing agent in the component B of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aldehyde compounds composed of dialdehydes such as monoaldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde, glyoxal, malondialdehyde and dialdehyde starch, hydrazine and hydrazine hydrate. , Hydrazine inorganic salts and organic salts, carbodihydrazide, oxalic acid dihydrazide, malonic acid dihydrazide, succinic acid dihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, etc., hydrazine compounds, urea, melamine and their methylol compounds, hexamethylenediamine, triethanolamine, etc. Amine-based compounds composed of, for example, imine-based compounds composed of polyethyleneimine, polyamidoamine resins, and the like. The are chosen appropriately.
[0012]
The fine particles that do not directly react with the curing agent in the present invention have a large surface area and are preferably porous, and are preferably insoluble or swellable in water at 60 ° C. or lower, such as corn starch, potato starch, and sweet potato. Various starch powders such as starch, wheat starch, kissava starch, sago starch, tapioca starch, sorghum starch, rice starch, bean starch, kudzu starch, bracken starch, lotus starch, hishi starch, flour, and polyacrylic acid-based partially crosslinked product, PVA Water-absorbent resin powders such as derivatives and partially crosslinked products thereof, casein, blood powder, soy protein, calcium carbonate, talc, calcium silicate, clay, gypsum, shirasu, silica, benite, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zeolite, magnesium aluminum Um silicates, satin white, barium sulfate, extender pigments such as zinc oxide, include colored pigments, such fine particles may be used alone or in combination.
[0013]
Although the particle size of the fine powder is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the particle size is from 500 μm to 0.5 μm. The adhesive strength is also reduced because the property is deteriorated. On the other hand, if the thickness is less than 0.5 μm, the hardening of the locally thick coating part of the adhesive main agent becomes insufficient, and the purpose is not satisfied. The method of mixing the hardener and the fine powder is not particularly limited. For example, the hardener is directly mixed with the fine powder, or the hardener or the fine powder is dissolved or dispersed in water and a water / organic solvent. The mixture is stirred and mixed by the above method to form a slurry. Such an aqueous slurry may be left as it is, or may be dried by heating under stirring to form a powder.
[0014]
The mixing ratio of the curing agent and the fine powder is in a weight ratio of curing agent / fine powder = 1/100 to 100/1, preferably 20/80 to 80/20. In the case of an aqueous slurry, a solid content of about 10 to 70% by weight is generally appropriate.
If necessary, a spreading binder that does not directly react with the curing agent can be added to the B component. Examples of the spreading agent include PVA and its derivatives, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyoxyethylene, and ethylene oxide. Synthetic polymer aqueous solution and / or emulsion such as propylene oxide copolymer, acrylic acid copolymer, polycarboxylic acid copolymer, etc., organic solvent paste, alginic acid or its salt, guar gum, locust bean gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose Salts, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethylcellulose, ligninsulfonate, gelatin, natural polymer aqueous solution such as carrageenan may be mixed in an appropriate amount, further tackifiers such as tacky fire, various adhesives, Colorant, Surface active agents, no problem be properly blended viscosity modifiers and the like.
[0015]
The two-component, separate-coating, fast-curing aqueous adhesive comprising the component A and the component B obtained by the present invention is applied to an adherend to which the component A is to be adhered, for example, one side of wood or the like at the time of bonding, and the component B is applied. Apply to other surfaces to be glued. As a method of applying the component A, the component A is uniformly applied to the surface of the base material so that the applied amount is about 50 to 300 g / m 2 in solid content. Any method can be used as a method for applying the component B. For example, a method in which a necessary spreading agent is previously applied to the surface to be applied, and a mixture of the fine powder and the curing agent is sprayed thereon, and such a mixture is used. Is applied as an aqueous slurry, or the aqueous slurry is previously applied and dried, or is applied in a powder state by brush printing, using a usual coating machine such as a spray roll coater or a flow coater. The coating amount on the substrate is preferably about 5 to 300 g / m 2 in terms of solid content.
[0016]
When the both surfaces of the base material coated with the component A and the component B are closely adhered, pressed and pressed, a considerable initial adhesive strength is obtained within 15 seconds to 30 minutes at room temperature, and the pressure is released in such a short time. When left to cure as it is, the final bond strength is a sufficiently high bond strength. In addition, after decompression, machining such as cutting can be performed soon.
In general, the at room temperature adhesives aqueous medium, Without a significant long pressing press, but not a sufficient final adhesive strength, the two-liquid fractionation coating type fast curing aqueous adhesive of the present invention According to this, due to the rapid curing property, even if the compression / pressing is performed for a short time, it is possible to perform bonding with sufficient final bonding strength after leaving and curing.
[0017]
2-liquid separation coating type fast curing aqueous adhesive of the present invention, various wood materials such as wood, chipboard, such wood material hardboard, slate, inorganic materials such as硅cull plate, cardboard paper, paperboard, Paper materials such as kraft paper can be bonded. Therefore, in the wood industry such as flush panel, decorative plywood, prefabricated panel, glued lumber, etc., line sticking, tenon, dowel, tome, hagi, square wood, other assembly and furniture assembly, and also cardboard, plywood, It can be used for paper processing such as paper tube, paper box, bag making, etc., and the work is quick and labor-saving, and it can be bonded even at room temperature, which contributes to shortening of bonding time and energy saving.
[0018]
[Operation]
The two-component, separate-coating, fast-curing aqueous adhesive of the present invention not only exhibits sufficient adhesive strength in a very short time of pressing, but also has a porosity, a water content, and some unevenness of the adherend on the bonding surface. Since the influence on the adhesive strength is small and the main agent and the curing agent are in an ideal mixed state, the excellent properties inherent in the resin can be sufficiently exhibited, and the usefulness thereof is extremely high since a high adhesive strength is obtained.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Note that “parts” and “%” are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
(Example 1)
MDI isocyanate (Sumidule 44V-20) was used for 100 parts of a vinyl acetate resin emulsion containing A-component AA-PVA (polymerization degree 1300, saponification degree 97 mol%, acetoacetylation degree 5.5 mol%) as a protective colloid. 15 parts (manufactured by Sumitomo Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd.).
However, the vinyl acetate emulsion was obtained as follows.
A glass polymerization vessel was charged with 147 parts of water, 17 parts of the above-mentioned protective colloid and 0.12 parts of anhydrous sodium acetate, and the internal temperature was raised to 85 ° C. to dissolve the protective colloid. Next, at 70 ° C., 10 parts of a 3% aqueous solution of 120 parts of vinyl acetate and potassium persulfate were separately dropped over 3 hours, and 10 parts of a 6% aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite were added immediately before the completion of the dropping of vinyl acetate. After aging for 1 hour to complete the emulsion polymerization, the emulsion obtained by cooling was 45% solids and 150 poise in viscosity.
[0020]
B component content 300 parts of calcium carbonate (manufactured by Shiraishi Calcium Co., Ltd.) having an average particle size of 40 μm is charged into a 1-liter tabletop kneader, and 72 parts of a 70% hydrazine carbonate solution (a product of Nippon Hydrazine Industry Co., Ltd.) is stirred and mixed to be uniform. After the impregnation, 200 parts of a suspension-polymerized product of sodium polyacrylate (average particle size 130 μm, Aqua Reserve AP-100, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is a superabsorbent resin, was further mixed, and a curing agent 10 was added. % Was obtained.
The compression shear adhesive strength of the quick-curing aqueous adhesive composed of the components A and B was measured using the method described below. The results are summarized in Table 1.
[0021]
Compression shear adhesive strength (according to JIS K-6852)
(A) To two pieces of birch wood of 25 mm × 50 mm × 10 mm, apply A component to one adhesive surface so as to have an application amount of 220 g / m 2 , and apply B component to 50 g / m 2 on the other. Was spread evenly through a 60-mesh wire mesh, immediately contacted with the applied both sides, and pressed at 5 kgf / cm 2 .
(B) A test piece was prepared in accordance with the above-mentioned procedure except that the component A was made of Bleedingwood and the component B was made of Rawan plywood.
(C) A test piece was prepared according to the above-mentioned method except that the component A was composed of Bleedingwood and the component B was composed of gypsum board (mixed with fiber). However, the measurement was a normal state and a water resistance test except for the hot water treatment.
[0022]
Next, each of (A), (B) and (C) was decompressed after each pressing time shown in Table 1, and the compressive shear adhesive strength after curing for 5 minutes and after curing for 72 hours was measured.
(Water resistant)
After the above-mentioned curing, the adhesive test piece was immersed in water at room temperature of about 25 ° C. for 6 hours, and the compressive shear strength was measured immediately.
However, the test piece (C) was immersed in water at room temperature for 6 hours, dried at room temperature for 20 hours, and then measured for compressive shear strength.
(Warm water)
After the above curing, the adhesive test piece was immersed in warm water of about 60 ° C. for 3 hours, and then cooled in room temperature water, and the compressive shear strength was measured immediately.
(Comparative Example 1)
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that calcium carbonate and polyacrylic acid powder were not used as the B component, but a 5% aqueous solution of hydrazine carbonate was applied to 50 g / m 2 and dried at room temperature for 4 hours. went. The results are summarized in Table 1.
[0023]
[Table 1]
Table 1
Figure 0003544379
[0024]
Note 1) Adherend material (A) is birch / birch, (B) is baitsa / lauan, (C) is baitsa / gypsum board. Note 2) Adhesive strength is the average of seven test pieces. Note 3) The values in parentheses at 72 hours of curing indicate the material breakage rate.
From Table 1, the adhesive composition comprising the A and B components of the present invention shows excellent adhesive strength not only in hard and fine birch materials but also in soft and porous Rawan materials and gypsum materials having a large water absorption. You can see that it is.
[0026]
(Example 2)
A component 30 parts of a 20% aqueous solution of AA-modified PVA (degree of polymerization 1700, degree of saponification 88 mol%, degree of acetoacetylation 5.7 mol%), 1 part of a 20% aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite, styrene-butadiene copolymer A diphenylmethane diisocyanate (millionate) was used for 100 parts of an aqueous dispersion (solid content: 50%) consisting of 48 parts of a coalesced latex (DL-612, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, resin content: 48%, viscosity: 1,400 cps) and 21 parts of calcium carbonate. 10 parts (MR, manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Co., Ltd.) was stirred and mixed immediately before coating.
[0027]
Component B Contents 300 parts of bentonite (average particle diameter: 74 μm, manufactured by Hanoi Chemical Co., Ltd.) is charged into a 1-liter tabletop kneader, and a 30% methanol of polyamideamine resin (Tomide # 2500, manufactured by Fuji Kasei Kogyo) is charged. After mixing and impregnating 100 parts of the solution, the mixture was heated with stirring to obtain a powder. The powder was brush-coated on one of the adherends.
The compression shear adhesive strength of the quick-curing aqueous adhesive composed of the component A and the component B was measured according to Example 1. However, the application conditions of the quick-curing aqueous adhesive are as follows. The results are summarized in Table 2.
[0028]
(A) Two pieces of birch wood of 25 mm × 50 mm × 10 mm, and (B) two pieces of Lauan plywood of 25 mm × 50 mm × 12 mm each, the coating amount of the component A on one of the adhesive surfaces is about 100 g / m 2 ( (Solid content), and on the other side, the B component is applied so as to have a coating amount of about 5 to 10 g / m 2 (hardener content), and then the both surfaces on which the A component and the B component are applied are brought into contact with each other. Immediately, it was pressed at 5 kgf / cm 2 .
[0029]
(Example 3)
37 parts of a 16.2% aqueous solution of the component A AA-PVA (degree of polymerization: 1700, degree of saponification: 88 mol%, degree of acetoacetylation: 6.2 mol%), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion (ethylene: vinyl acetate = Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Millionate MR, Nippon Polyurethane Co., Ltd.) was added to 100 parts of an aqueous dispersion (solid content: 50%) consisting of 42 parts of 41:59 (weight ratio), 42 parts of resin content 55%, viscosity 2100 cps) and 21 parts of calcium carbonate. (Commercially available) was stirred and mixed immediately before coating.
[0030]
A 60% slurry comprising 30 parts of a 10% aqueous solution of component B adipic dihydrazide, 10 parts of a 5% aqueous solution of partially saponified PVA (GL-05, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and 60 parts of corn starch (average particle size: 20μ). The liquid was applied to an adhesive substrate in advance and dried.
Using the components A and B shown above, the compression shear adhesion was measured in accordance with Example 2. Table 2 summarizes the results.
[0031]
(Example 4)
A component 100 parts of a 30% aqueous solution of partially imidized isovan (Isoban 304, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), styrene acrylic copolymer emulsion (Polytron T-810, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., resin content 50%, 50 parts of a 45% aqueous dispersion B component glyoxal 40% aqueous solution (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 80 parts of kaolin clay (manufactured by Burgess Pigment Co., Ltd.) Using 100 parts of a 67% slurry liquid, the component A and the component B shown above were used to measure the compression shear adhesive strength according to Example 2. Table 2 summarizes the results.
[0032]
(Comparative Example 2)
The experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the polyamidoamine resin was applied with a 30% solution of 1: 1 water: methanol without using bentonite as the B component. Table 3 summarizes the results.
(Comparative Example 3)
The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 3 except that constarch and partially saponified PVA were not mixed as the B component. Table 3 summarizes the results.
(Comparative Example 4)
The experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 4 except that kaolin clay was not mixed as the component B. Table 3 summarizes the results.
[0033]
[Table 2]
Table 2
Figure 0003544379
[0034]
Note 1) (A) indicates birch / birch, (B) indicates rawan / rawan. Note 2) In the B component, () indicates the amount of hardener. Note 3) Adhesive strength is 7 specimens. Note 4) In 72 hours of curing, the value in parentheses indicates the material breakage rate.
[Table 3]
Table 3
Figure 0003544379
[0036]
Note 1) (A) indicates birch / birch, (B) indicates rawan / rawan. Note2) In parentheses in component B, the amount of hardener is shown. Note3) Adhesive strength is 7 specimens. Note 4) The value in parentheses at 72 hours of curing indicates the material fracture rate.
【The invention's effect】
Generally, water-based adhesives require a considerable amount of squeezing, but the two-component, separate-coating, fast-curing water-based adhesive of the present invention has an ideal mixed state of the main agent and the curing agent. The adhesive strength is not affected, the excellent properties inherent in the adhesive can be sufficiently exhibited, and a high degree of adhesive strength can be obtained, which is industrially very advantageous.

Claims (3)

木質材料、無機質材料及び紙質材料から選ばれる被着剤に使用する2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤であって、かつ(イ)高分子化合物の水溶液及び/又は水性エマルジョンから成るA成分(ロ)硬化剤及び該硬化剤と直接反応することのない微粒子を含む混合物からなるB成分からなる2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤 A two-component, separate-coating, fast-curing aqueous adhesive used for an adherend selected from a wood material, an inorganic material, and a paper material, and (A) A component comprising an aqueous solution and / or aqueous emulsion of a polymer compound ( B) A two-component, separate-coating, fast-curing aqueous adhesive comprising a B component comprising a mixture containing a curing agent and fine particles that do not directly react with the curing agent. 請求項1におけるB成分の微粒子の粒径が500μm〜0.5μmである2液分別塗布型速硬化水性接着剤 2. A two-component, separate-coating, quick-setting aqueous adhesive according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles of the component B have a particle size of 500 μm to 0.5 μm. 請求項1記載におけるA成分、B成分を被着剤の表面に別々に塗布し、次いで塗布面同志を密着貼り合わせることを特徴とする接着方法A bonding method, wherein the components A and B according to claim 1 are separately applied to the surface of an adherend, and then the applied surfaces are closely adhered to each other.
JP04803692A 1992-02-03 1992-02-03 Two-liquid separation coating type fast-curing aqueous adhesive and bonding method Expired - Lifetime JP3544379B2 (en)

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JP3544379B2 true JP3544379B2 (en) 2004-07-21

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JP2784892B2 (en) * 1994-10-29 1998-08-06 株式会社 マサル Acrylic adhesive
JP2004202839A (en) * 2002-12-25 2004-07-22 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc Resin composition for woody material adhesive, woody material adhesive, and method for producing woody board
JP2006282869A (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-19 J-Chemical:Kk Adhesive composition and method for producing the same
JP6401543B2 (en) * 2014-08-08 2018-10-10 住友林業株式会社 Decorative plate laminate, decorative plate storage method and wooden building material manufacturing method

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