JP3540843B2 - Overvoltage protection device for vehicle power converter - Google Patents

Overvoltage protection device for vehicle power converter Download PDF

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JP3540843B2
JP3540843B2 JP25404494A JP25404494A JP3540843B2 JP 3540843 B2 JP3540843 B2 JP 3540843B2 JP 25404494 A JP25404494 A JP 25404494A JP 25404494 A JP25404494 A JP 25404494A JP 3540843 B2 JP3540843 B2 JP 3540843B2
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circuit
filter
filter capacitor
power
overvoltage
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JPH08126101A (en
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春樹 吉川
栄喜 土橋
和博 矢野
文雄 千崎
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
この発明は、車両に搭載している電力変換装置を直流過電流圧から保護する車両用電力変換装置の過電圧保護装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
図６は車両用電力変換装置の従来の主回路を示した主回路接続図である。この図６の従来例回路において、電車や電気機関車の走行用電動機へ電力を供給し、或いは車内の照明・通信・空気調和装置等に電力を供給するために、これらの車両に電力変換装置としてのインバータ１０を搭載する。地上の変電所から架線１とパンタグラフ２とを介して車両へ送りこまれる電力は、高速度遮断器３と電磁接触器４、及びフィルタリアクトル６とフィルタコンデンサ７とで構成しているＬＣフィルタとを介してインバータ１０へ与えられ、その後車輪８とレール９とを経て大地へ放流される。
【０００３】
ところで架線１は他の車両にも電力を供給しているから、他車の遮断器や電磁接触器の動作の際に発生する開閉サージ電圧や、長大な架線１に誘導される雷サージ電圧などの過大なサージ電圧が当該車両に印加される。又インバータ１０が例えば可変電圧可変周波数の交流電力を出力するＶＶＶＦインバータであって、このＶＶＶＦインバータが走行用電動機を駆動している場合は、回生ブレーキを使って車両を減速させる際に発生する回生エネルギーを受け取る負荷（例えば力行運転中の電気車）が無いと、この回生エネルギーが架線１の電圧を上昇させるので、フィルタコンデンサ７には過電圧が印加されることになる。
【０００４】
車両に搭載しているインバータ１０には前述した理由で頻繁に過電圧が印加されるが、過電圧が印加されるたびに当該インバータ１０の運転を中断すると同時にフィルタコンデンサ７の電荷を放電して過電圧状態を解消させることにより、装置を構成する各機器や各素子を過電圧から保護する。
ところで走行用電動機へ電力を供給するインバータ１０の場合は、車両を減速させる際に発生する回生エネルギーが非常に大きいので、回生エネルギーを消費する抵抗器を車両に設置して、架線１に回生エネルギーを受け止める負荷が接続されていないために架線１の電圧が上昇してしまうのを回避しようとすると、この抵抗器の寸法と重量を極めて大きくする必要がある。或いは抵抗器を冷却する適切な装置を付加しなければならなくなって、車両に搭載するのが困難になる。そこで回生エネルギーを吸収する装置は設けずに、回生エネルギーにより電源が過電圧になれば、インバータ１０やＬＣフィルタを回路から切り離して、各機器や各素子が損傷するのを予防するようにしている。
【０００５】
即ち図６の従来例回路では、フィルタコンデンサ７の電圧を電圧検出器１３で監視して、その値が過電圧レベルを越えたことを過電圧検出器１４が検出すれば、短絡用サイリスタ１２へ点弧信号を送ってこれをターンオンさせると共に、図示はしていないがインバータ１０へ動作停止を指令する。このとき高速度遮断器３と電磁接触器４もオフにする。その結果フィルタコンデンサ７は制限抵抗器１１を介して短絡されるので、フィルタコンデンサ７の静電容量と制限抵抗器１１の抵抗値とで定まる時定数に従ってフィルタコンデンサ７の電荷は放電され、その電圧は低下する。
【０００６】
図７は図６の従来例回路の各部の動作を示したタイムチャートであって、図７▲１▼はフィルタコンデンサ７の電圧の変化、図７▲２▼はインバータ１０の動作状態の変化、図７▲３▼は高速度遮断器３の動作、図７▲４▼は電磁接触器４の動作、図７▲５▼は短絡用サイリスタ１２の動作をそれぞれが表している。
この図７において、フィルタコンデンサ７の電圧がｔ0 の時点で過電圧レベルＶH に達するとインバータ１０は停止となり、高速度遮断器３と電磁接触器４はオフとなり、且つ短絡用サイリスタ１２はオンになるから、フィルタコンデンサ７は制限抵抗器１１を介して短絡されてその電圧は低下し、遂には零となる。ここで短絡用サイリスタ１２はオフとなリ、フィルタコンデンサ７の短絡状態は解除になる。
【０００７】
次いでｔ1 時点で電磁接触器４がオフ状態のままで高速度遮断器３をオンにするので、架線１からの電力は充電抵抗器５を経てフィルタコンデンサ７へ与えられる。よってフィルタコンデンサ７の電圧は、当該フィルタコンデンサ７の静電容量と充電抵抗器５の抵抗値とで決まる時定数に従って上昇する。この電圧が所定値まで上昇したｔ2 時点で電磁接触器４をオンにして充電抵抗器５を短絡すると共にインバータ１０の運転を再開する。
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで図６に図示の従来例回路では、フィルタコンデンサ７の電圧が過電圧レベルＶH に達したときに当該フィルタコンデンサ７に蓄えられているエネルギーをＥ1 とすると、このエネルギーＥ1 は下記の数式１で表される。但しＣはフィルタコンデンサ７の静電容量である。
【０００９】
【数１】
Ｅ1 ＝（Ｃ・ＶH 2 ）／２
制限抵抗器１１はこのエネルギーＥ1 を消費するが、その際の発熱で高温になるのを防ぐために、当該制限抵抗器１１の寸法・重量を大きくしなければならない欠点がある。
【００１０】
更に、短絡用サイリスタ１２はその通流電流が保持電流値以下に低下しないと消弧しない。よって当該短絡用サイリスタ１２にまだ保持電流程度の小電流が流れているにもかかわらず、インバータ１０の運転を再開しようとして高速度遮断器３と電磁接触器４とをオンにすると、架線１→パンタグラフ２→高速度遮断器３→電磁接触器４→フィルタリアクトル６→制限抵抗器１１→短絡用サイリスタ１２→車輪８→レール９の経路で電源を短絡することになるので、このときの短絡電流で制限抵抗器１１を焼損してしまう。それ故短絡用サイリスタ１２が点弧した後は、サイリスタ電流が保持電流以下に低下するのに十分な時間を経過した後に電源側開閉器をオンにして再起動状態にしなければならない。即ち、フィルタコンデンサ７の電圧が過電圧レベルを越えてインバータ１０の運転を中断してから再起動状態までに時間が必要である。この再起動状態になってからフィルタコンデンサ７の充電が完了するまでに更に時間が必要になる。即ち過電圧でインバータ１０が停止してから運転を再開するまでに長い時間が必要になる欠点を有する。
【００１１】
そこでこの発明の目的は、車両の電源電圧上昇の際はフィルタコンデンサを短絡して電力変換装置の運転を中断するが、電源電圧が復帰したときの運転再開までの時間を短縮すると共に、フィルタコンデンサ短絡時のエネルギー損失を低減することにある。
【００１２】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記の目的を達成するためにこの発明の車両用電力変換装置の過電圧保護装置は、
開閉器と、フィルタコンデンサとフィルタリアクトルとで構成したＬＣフィルタ及び電力変換装置とを車両に搭載し、給電線から供給される直流電力を前記開閉器とＬＣフィルタとを介して前記電力変換装置へ供給する構成の車両用電力変換装置において、
抵抗器と自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子との直列回路を前記フィルタコンデンサに並列に接続し、当該フィルタコンデンサの電圧が予め定めた過電圧設定値を越えれば前記自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子をオンにすると共に前記電力変換装置の動作を停止させ、前記フィルタコンデンサの電圧が予め定めた復帰電圧設定値を下回れば、前記自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子をオフにするものとする。
【００１３】
【作用】
車両搭載用電力変換装置の入力側に設けたＬＣフィルタを構成するフィルタコンデンサの電圧が過電圧レベルを越えれば、当該フィルタコンデンサを制限抵抗器を介して短絡させるが、この短絡用として自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子を使用し、フィルタコンデンサ電圧が過電圧レベルよりも下側に設けた復帰電圧設定値まで低下すれば前記自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子をオフにする。
【００１４】
【実施例】
図１は本発明の第１実施例を表した主回路接続図であるが、この図１の第１実施例回路に図示している架線１，パンタグラフ２，高速度遮断器３，電磁接触器４，充電抵抗器５，フィルタリアクトル６，フィルタコンデンサ７，車輪８，レール９，インバータ１０，制限抵抗器１１，及び電圧検出器１３の名称・用途・機能は、図６で既述の従来例回路の場合と同じであるから、これらの説明は省略する。
【００１５】
この第１実施例回路では、過電圧状態時には自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子としての短絡用ＩＧＢＴ（絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタ）２１を使って、フィルタコンデンサ７を短絡する。短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１などの自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子は、制御回路２２からの指令に基づいて、任意の時点でのターンオン・ターンオフが可能であるから、電圧検出器１３で検出する電圧が過電圧レベルＶH まで上昇すれば、制御回路２２が短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１へオン信号を出力し、フィルタコンデンサ７の電圧がこの過電圧レベルＶH より下側に設定した適切な復帰電圧ＶL まで低下すれば、短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１へオフ信号を与える。このとき制限抵抗器１１で消費されるエネルギーをＥ2 とすると、このＥ2 は下記の数式２で表される。
【００１６】
【数２】
Ｅ2 ＝｛Ｃ・（ＶH −ＶL ）2 ｝／２
この数式２で表されるエネルギーＥ2 は、前述した従来例回路で制限抵抗器１１が消費するエネルギーＥ1 （数式１で表示）よりも遙かに少ない。
図２は図１の第１実施例回路の各部の動作を示したタイムチャートであって、図２▲１▼はフィルタコンデンサ７の電圧の変化、図２▲２▼はインバータ１０の動作状態の変化、図２▲３▼は高速度遮断器３の動作、図２▲４▼は電磁接触器４の動作、図２▲５▼は短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１の動作をそれぞれが表している。
【００１７】
この図２において、フィルタコンデンサ７の電圧がｔ0 の時点で過電圧レベルＶH に達すると、インバータ１０は停止となり高速度遮断器３と電磁接触器４はオフとなり、且つ短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１はオンになる。よってフィルタコンデンサ７の電圧は急激に減少し、ｔ3 時点には復帰電圧値ＶL まで低下し、このｔ3 時点で短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１はオフとなる。
【００１８】
短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１がオフしたことを確認する時間が経過した後のｔ4 時点で、高速度遮断器３と電磁接触器４とを同時にオンにし、且つインバータ１０の運転も同時に再開させる。フィルタコンデンサ７の電圧値がＶL まで低下したときに短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１をオフにするが、このＶL なる値は正常電圧付近の値であるから、充電抵抗器５を介してフィルタコンデンサ７を所定電圧まで充電する時間は不必要であり、インバータ１０も直ちに運転を再開できる。
【００１９】
図３は本発明の第２実施例を表した制御回路の構成図であって、図１の第１実施例回路に図示の制御回路２２の構成を表している。図３の第２実施例回路に図示の制御回路２２はオフ電圧検知回路２３と過電圧検知回路２４とで構成し、電圧検出器１３が検出したフィルタコンデンサ７の電圧が過電圧レベルＶH に達すれば、過電圧検知回路２４がインバータ１０へゲートオフ信号を与えると共に、短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１へオン信号を与える。その結果フィルタコンデンサ７の電圧が復帰電圧ＶL まで低下すれば、オフ電圧検知回路２３が短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１へオフ信号を与えるので、フィルタコンデンサ７の短絡は解除になり、インバータ１０は直ちに運転を再開することができる。
【００２０】
図４は本発明の第３実施例を表した制御回路の構成図であって、図１の第１実施例回路に図示の制御回路２２の構成を表している。図４の第３実施例回路に図示の制御回路２２は過電圧検知回路２４とパルス発生器２５とで構成し、電圧検出器１３が検出したフィルタコンデンサ７の電圧が過電圧レベルＶH に達すれば、過電圧検知回路２４がインバータ１０へゲートオフ信号を与えると共に、パルス発生器２５へ信号を出力する。この信号を受けて、パルス発生器２５は予め定めていた時間幅のパルス信号を短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１へ出力してこれをオンにする。一方、フィルタコンデンサ７の静電容量と制限抵抗器１１の抵抗値とで定まる時定数に基づいて、フィルタコンデンサ７の電圧が復帰値ＶL に低下するまでの時間を計算することができるから、パルス発生器２５が出力するパルスの時間幅をこの計算値に定め、高レベルだったパルスがこの時間経過後に低レベルに切り換われば、短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１はオフとなる。
【００２１】
図５は本発明の第４実施例を表した主回路接続図であって、複数（この図５では２組）のインバータを共通の電源に接続する場合を表しているが、図５の第４実施例回路に図示の架線１，パンタグラフ２，高速度遮断器３，電磁接触器４，充電抵抗器５，フィルタリアクトル６，フィルタコンデンサ７，車輪８，レール９，インバータ１０，制限抵抗器１１，短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１，及び制御回路２２の名称・用途・機能は、図１で既述の第１実施例回路の場合と同じであるから、これらの説明は省略する。更に、本発明ではフィルタリアクトル３６，フィルタコンデンサ３７，インバータ４０，制限抵抗器４１，電圧検出器４３，及び制御回路５２が２組目の装置として新たに付加されているが、これらは既に説明済みの各装置と同じ機能を有するから、その説明は省略する。
【００２２】
本発明では、一方の装置の構成要素である短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１へオン・オフ信号を与える制御回路２２の出力信号と、他方の装置を構成している短絡用ＩＧＢＴ５１へオン・オフ信号を与える制御回路５２の出力信号とを、論理和素子５３へ入力させ、当該論理和素子５３の出力信号を、短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１と短絡用ＩＧＢＴ５１とへ与える回路構成にしている。これにより、検出電圧にばらつきがあっても、両短絡用ＩＧＢＴ２１と５１とを同時にオン・オフさせることができる。
【００２３】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、走行中の車両が減速する際に生じる回生エネルギーや、長大な架線に誘導される雷サージなどが原因で、車両用電力変換装置に規定値以上の高電圧が印加されると、当該電力変換装置の運転を中断させると共に、自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子をターンオンさせて電力変換装置の入力側に設けたフィルタコンデンサを制限抵抗器を介して短絡状態にする。次いで電圧が規定値まで低下すればこの自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子をターンオフさせる。この動作のときの制限抵抗器で消費するエネルギーを、従来よりも大幅に低減できるので、当該制限抵抗器の寸法と重量を抑制できる効果が得られる。又フィルタコンデンサ電圧が規定値まで低下したときに電力変換装置の運転が再開できる状態になるので、運転中断期間が従来よりも大幅に短縮できる効果も得られる。更に、複数の電力変換装置を共通の電源に接続して運転中に、各フィルタコンデンサの短絡開始電圧或いは短絡解除電圧にばらつきがあっても、全装置を同時にオン・オフ動作させることができるので、各ＬＣフィルタ間に横流が流れて無用の共振振動が発生するのを回避できる効果も得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の第１実施例を表した主回路接続図
【図２】図１の第１実施例回路の各部の動作を示したタイムチャート
【図３】本発明の第２実施例を表した制御回路の構成図
【図４】本発明の第３実施例を表した制御回路の構成図
【図５】本発明の第４実施例を表した主回路接続図
【図６】車両用電力変換装置の従来の主回路を示した主回路接続図
【図７】図６の従来例回路の各部の動作を示したタイムチャート
【符号の説明】
１ 架線
３ 高速度遮断器
４ 電磁接触器
５ 充電抵抗器
６，３６ フィルタリアクトル
７，３７ フィルタコンデンサ
１０，４０ 電力変換装置としてのインバータ
１１，４１ 制限抵抗器
１２ 短絡用サイリスタ
１３，４３ 電圧検出器
１４ 過電圧検出器
２１，５１ 自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子としての短絡用ＩＧＢＴ
２２，５２ 制御回路
２３ オフ電圧検知回路
２４ 過電圧検知回路
２５ パルス発生器
５３ 論理和素子[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to an overvoltage protection device for a vehicular power converter that protects a power converter mounted on a vehicle from DC overcurrent pressure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 6 is a main circuit connection diagram showing a conventional main circuit of the vehicle power converter. In the circuit of the prior art shown in FIG. 6, in order to supply electric power to a traveling motor of a train or an electric locomotive, or to supply electric power to lighting, communication, air conditioners, and the like in the vehicle, a power conversion device is provided to these vehicles. The inverter 10 is mounted. The electric power transmitted from the substation on the ground to the vehicle via the overhead wire 1 and the pantograph 2 is transmitted to the high-speed circuit breaker 3 and the electromagnetic contactor 4, and the LC filter composed of the filter reactor 6 and the filter capacitor 7. The power is supplied to the inverter 10 via the wheels 8 and the rails 9 and then discharged to the ground.
[0003]
By the way, since the overhead wire 1 also supplies power to other vehicles, a switching surge voltage generated when a circuit breaker or an electromagnetic contactor of another vehicle operates, a lightning surge voltage induced in a long overhead wire 1 or the like. Is applied to the vehicle. When the inverter 10 is, for example, a VVVF inverter that outputs AC power having a variable voltage and a variable frequency, and the VVVF inverter drives a traveling motor, the regenerative braking that occurs when the vehicle is decelerated using a regenerative brake. If there is no load that receives energy (for example, an electric car during power running operation), the regenerative energy increases the voltage of the overhead wire 1, and an overvoltage is applied to the filter capacitor 7.
[0004]
Overvoltage is frequently applied to the inverter 10 mounted on the vehicle for the reason described above. However, every time the overvoltage is applied, the operation of the inverter 10 is interrupted, and at the same time, the charge of the filter capacitor 7 is discharged and the overvoltage state is released. , Each device and each element constituting the device are protected from overvoltage.
By the way, in the case of the inverter 10 that supplies electric power to the traveling motor, the regenerative energy generated when the vehicle is decelerated is very large. In order to avoid an increase in the voltage of the overhead wire 1 due to the absence of a load for receiving the load, the size and weight of the resistor must be extremely large. Alternatively, an appropriate device for cooling the resistor must be added, which makes it difficult to mount on a vehicle. Therefore, a device for absorbing the regenerative energy is not provided, and if the power supply becomes overvoltage due to the regenerative energy, the inverter 10 and the LC filter are separated from the circuit to prevent each device and each element from being damaged.
[0005]
That is, in the conventional circuit shown in FIG. 6, the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 is monitored by the voltage detector 13, and if the overvoltage detector 14 detects that the value exceeds the overvoltage level, the short-circuit thyristor 12 is fired. A signal is sent to turn it on, and an operation stop command is issued to the inverter 10 (not shown). At this time, the high-speed circuit breaker 3 and the electromagnetic contactor 4 are also turned off. As a result, the filter capacitor 7 is short-circuited through the limiting resistor 11, so that the charge of the filter capacitor 7 is discharged according to a time constant determined by the capacitance of the filter capacitor 7 and the resistance value of the limiting resistor 11, and the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 is reduced. Drops.
[0006]
7 is a time chart showing the operation of each part of the conventional circuit of FIG. 6, wherein FIG. 7 (1) shows a change in the voltage of the filter capacitor 7, FIG. 7 (2) shows a change in the operation state of the inverter 10, 7 (3) shows the operation of the high-speed circuit breaker 3, FIG. 7 (4) shows the operation of the electromagnetic contactor 4, and FIG. 7 (5) shows the operation of the short-circuit thyristor 12.
In FIG. 7, when the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 reaches the overvoltage level V H at time t 0 , the inverter 10 is stopped, the high-speed circuit breaker 3 and the electromagnetic contactor 4 are turned off, and the short-circuit thyristor 12 is turned on. Therefore, the filter capacitor 7 is short-circuited through the limiting resistor 11 and its voltage decreases, and finally becomes zero. Here, the short-circuit thyristor 12 is turned off, and the short-circuit state of the filter capacitor 7 is released.
[0007]
Next, at time t 1 , the high-speed circuit breaker 3 is turned on while the electromagnetic contactor 4 remains off, so that the power from the overhead wire 1 is supplied to the filter capacitor 7 via the charging resistor 5. Therefore, the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 increases according to a time constant determined by the capacitance of the filter capacitor 7 and the resistance value of the charging resistor 5. At time t 2 when this voltage has risen to a predetermined value, the electromagnetic contactor 4 is turned on, the charging resistor 5 is short-circuited, and the operation of the inverter 10 is restarted.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the conventional circuit shown in FIG. 6, when the energy stored in the filter capacitor 7 when the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 reaches the overvoltage level V H is E 1 , this energy E 1 is represented by the following equation. It is represented by 1. Here, C is the capacitance of the filter capacitor 7.
[0009]
(Equation 1)
E 1 = (C · V H 2 ) / 2
Limiting resistor 11 consumes the energy E 1, to prevent the high temperatures in the heat generation at this time, there is a disadvantage that it is necessary to increase the size and weight of the limiting resistor 11.
[0010]
Further, the arc of the short-circuit thyristor 12 does not extinguish unless the current flowing through the thyristor 12 falls below the holding current value. Therefore, when the high-speed circuit breaker 3 and the electromagnetic contactor 4 are turned on to restart the operation of the inverter 10 even though a small current of about the holding current still flows through the short-circuit thyristor 12, the overhead wire 1 → The power supply is short-circuited in the path of pantograph 2 → high-speed circuit breaker 3 → magnetic contactor 4 → filter reactor 6 → limiting resistor 11 → short-circuit thyristor 12 → wheel 8 → rail 9 so that the short-circuit current at this time As a result, the limiting resistor 11 is burned. Therefore, after the short-circuit thyristor 12 has been fired, it is necessary to turn on the power supply-side switch after a sufficient time has elapsed for the thyristor current to fall below the holding current, and to restart the thyristor. That is, it takes time from the time when the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 exceeds the overvoltage level to the time when the operation of the inverter 10 is interrupted to the time when the inverter 10 is restarted. Further time is required until the charging of the filter capacitor 7 is completed after the restart state. That is, there is a disadvantage that a long time is required from the stop of the inverter 10 due to the overvoltage to the restart of the operation.
[0011]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to interrupt the operation of the power converter by short-circuiting the filter capacitor when the power supply voltage of the vehicle rises, but to shorten the time until the restart of operation when the power supply voltage is restored, and to reduce the filter capacitor. It is to reduce energy loss at the time of short circuit.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, an overvoltage protection device for a vehicle power conversion device according to the present invention includes:
A switch, an LC filter and a power converter configured by a filter capacitor and a filter reactor are mounted on a vehicle, and DC power supplied from a power supply line is supplied to the power converter via the switch and the LC filter. In the vehicle power conversion device configured to supply,
A series circuit of a resistor and a self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch element is connected in parallel to the filter capacitor, and when the voltage of the filter capacitor exceeds a predetermined overvoltage set value, the self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch element is turned on. At the same time, the operation of the power converter is stopped, and when the voltage of the filter capacitor falls below a preset return voltage set value, the self-turn-off semiconductor switch element is turned off.
[0013]
[Action]
If the voltage of the filter capacitor constituting the LC filter provided on the input side of the vehicle-mounted power converter exceeds the overvoltage level, the filter capacitor is short-circuited through the limiting resistor. When a semiconductor switch element is used and the filter capacitor voltage falls to a reset voltage set value provided below the overvoltage level, the self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch element is turned off.
[0014]
【Example】
FIG. 1 is a main circuit connection diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention. The overhead wire 1, the pantograph 2, the high-speed circuit breaker 3, the electromagnetic contactor shown in the circuit of the first embodiment of FIG. 4, the charging resistor 5, the filter reactor 6, the filter capacitor 7, the wheel 8, the rail 9, the inverter 10, the limiting resistor 11, and the voltage detector 13 have the same names, uses, and functions as those of the conventional example described with reference to FIG. The description is omitted because it is the same as the case of the circuit.
[0015]
In the circuit of the first embodiment, the filter capacitor 7 is short-circuited by using a short-circuiting IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) 21 as a self-extinguishing semiconductor switch element in an overvoltage state. The self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch element such as the short-circuit IGBT 21 can be turned on and off at any time based on a command from the control circuit 22. Therefore, the voltage detected by the voltage detector 13 is overvoltage level V if increased to H, the control circuit 22 outputs an oN signal to the short-circuit IGBT 21, when lowering the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 is higher than the overvoltage level V H to the appropriate return voltage V L set in the lower, shorting An off signal is given to the IGBT 21. Assuming that the energy consumed by the limiting resistor 11 at this time is E 2 , this E 2 is represented by the following Equation 2.
[0016]
(Equation 2)
E 2 = {C · (V H −V L ) 2 } / 2
The energy E 2 represented by the formula 2 is much smaller than the energy E 1 (represented by the formula 1) consumed by the limiting resistor 11 in the above-described conventional circuit.
2 is a time chart showing the operation of each part of the circuit of the first embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 (1) shows a change in the voltage of the filter capacitor 7, and FIG. FIG. 2 (3) shows the operation of the high-speed circuit breaker 3, FIG. 2 (4) shows the operation of the electromagnetic contactor 4, and FIG. 2 (5) shows the operation of the short-circuit IGBT 21.
[0017]
In FIG. 2, when the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 reaches the overvoltage level V H at time t 0 , the inverter 10 is stopped, the high-speed circuit breaker 3 and the electromagnetic contactor 4 are turned off, and the short-circuit IGBT 21 is turned on. Become. Thus the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 rapidly decreases, the t 3 time lowered to return the voltage value V L, the short-circuit IGBT21 in this t 3 time is turned off.
[0018]
In t 4 time after the short-circuit IGBT21 has elapsed time to verify that the off, turn on the high-speed circuit breaker 3 and the electromagnetic contactor 4 At the same time, to resume at the same time and the operation of the inverter 10. Voltage of the filter capacitor 7 is shorting IGBT21 off when lowered to V L, but since the V L becomes a value is a value in the vicinity of normal voltage, the filter capacitor 7 through the charging resistor 5 predetermined The time required for charging to the voltage is unnecessary, and the operation of the inverter 10 can be restarted immediately.
[0019]
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a control circuit showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and shows a configuration of a control circuit 22 shown in the circuit of the first embodiment of FIG. The control circuit 22 of the illustrated second embodiment circuit 3 is constituted by an off-voltage detection circuit 23 and an overvoltage detection circuit 24, when reaches the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 is detected by the voltage detector 13 is an overvoltage level V H , The overvoltage detection circuit 24 supplies a gate-off signal to the inverter 10 and an ON signal to the short-circuit IGBT 21. As a result, when the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 decreases to the return voltage V L , the off-voltage detection circuit 23 gives an off signal to the IGBT 21 for short-circuit, so that the short-circuit of the filter capacitor 7 is released and the inverter 10 immediately resumes operation. can do.
[0020]
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a control circuit showing a third embodiment of the present invention, and shows a configuration of a control circuit 22 shown in the circuit of the first embodiment of FIG. Third Embodiment control circuit of the circuit shown 22 in FIG. 4 is constituted by an overvoltage detection circuit 24 and the pulse generator 25, if reaches the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 is detected by the voltage detector 13 is an overvoltage level V H, The overvoltage detection circuit 24 provides a gate-off signal to the inverter 10 and outputs a signal to the pulse generator 25. Upon receiving this signal, the pulse generator 25 outputs a pulse signal of a predetermined time width to the short-circuit IGBT 21 to turn it on. On the other hand, the time until the voltage of the filter capacitor 7 decreases to the reset value VL can be calculated based on the time constant determined by the capacitance of the filter capacitor 7 and the resistance value of the limiting resistor 11. When the time width of the pulse output from the pulse generator 25 is set to the calculated value, and the high-level pulse is switched to the low level after the lapse of this time, the short-circuit IGBT 21 is turned off.
[0021]
FIG. 5 is a main circuit connection diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which a plurality of (two in FIG. 5) inverters are connected to a common power supply. Fourth Embodiment Overhead Wire 1, Pantograph 2, High Speed Circuit Breaker 3, Electromagnetic Contactor 4, Charge Resistor 5, Filter Reactor 6, Filter Capacitor 7, Wheel 8, Rail 9, Inverter 10, Inverter 10, Limiting Resistor 11 Since the names, applications, and functions of the short-circuit IGBT 21 and the control circuit 22 are the same as those of the circuit of the first embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 1, their description will be omitted. Further, in the present invention, a filter reactor 36, a filter capacitor 37, an inverter 40, a limiting resistor 41, a voltage detector 43, and a control circuit 52 are newly added as a second set of devices, which have already been described. Since it has the same function as each device described above, its description is omitted.
[0022]
According to the present invention, an output signal of the control circuit 22 for providing an on / off signal to the short-circuit IGBT 21 which is a component of one device, and a control circuit for providing an on-off signal to the short-circuit IGBT 51 constituting the other device. The output signal of the OR element 52 is input to the OR element 53, and the output signal of the OR element 53 is applied to the short-circuit IGBT 21 and the short-circuit IGBT 51. Thereby, even if the detection voltage varies, both the short-circuit IGBTs 21 and 51 can be simultaneously turned on and off.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a high voltage equal to or higher than a specified value is applied to the vehicle power conversion device due to regenerative energy generated when the traveling vehicle decelerates or a lightning surge induced in a long overhead line. Then, the operation of the power converter is interrupted, and the self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch element is turned on to short-circuit the filter capacitor provided on the input side of the power converter through the limiting resistor. Next, when the voltage drops to a specified value, the self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch element is turned off. Since the energy consumed by the limiting resistor during this operation can be greatly reduced as compared with the related art, the effect of suppressing the size and weight of the limiting resistor can be obtained. In addition, since the operation of the power converter can be restarted when the filter capacitor voltage drops to the specified value, the effect that the operation interruption period can be significantly reduced as compared with the conventional case can be obtained. Furthermore, during operation with a plurality of power converters connected to a common power supply, even if the short-circuit start voltage or short-circuit release voltage of each filter capacitor varies, all devices can be simultaneously turned on and off. In addition, there is also obtained an effect that it is possible to avoid the occurrence of unnecessary resonance vibration due to the cross flow flowing between the LC filters.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a main circuit connection diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a time chart showing the operation of each part of the circuit of the first embodiment in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a control circuit showing a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a main circuit connection diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Main circuit connection diagram showing a conventional main circuit of the power converter for use [FIG. 7] Time chart showing operation of each part of the conventional circuit of FIG.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 overhead wire 3 high-speed circuit breaker 4 electromagnetic contactor 5 charging resistor 6, 36 filter reactor 7, 37 filter capacitor 10, 40 inverter 11, 41 as power conversion device limiting resistor 12, short-circuit thyristor 13, 43 voltage detector 14 Overvoltage detectors 21 and 51 Short-circuit IGBTs as self-extinguishing semiconductor switch elements
22, 52 control circuit 23 off-voltage detection circuit 24 overvoltage detection circuit 25 pulse generator 53 OR element

Claims (3)

開閉器と、フィルタコンデンサとフィルタリアクトルとで構成したＬＣフィルタ及び電力変換装置とを車両に搭載し、給電線から供給される直流電力を前記開閉器とＬＣフィルタとを介して前記電力変換装置へ供給する構成の車両用電力変換装置において、
抵抗器と自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子との直列回路を前記フィルタコンデンサに並列に接続し、前記自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子の制御回路には過電圧検出回路とオンパルス発生回路とを備え、前記フィルタコンデンサの電圧が予め定めた過電圧設定値を越えれば、前記オンパルス発生回路は前記自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子をオンにする所定の幅のパルス信号を出力し、前記パルス信号の幅は前記フィルタコンデンサの静電容量と前記抵抗器との抵抗値で定まる時定数に基づいて前記フィルタコンデンサの電圧が前記過電圧設定値よりも下側に設定した復帰電圧設定値に低下するまでの時間幅とすることを特徴とする車両用電力変換装置の過電圧保護装置。A switch, an LC filter and a power converter configured by a filter capacitor and a filter reactor are mounted on a vehicle, and DC power supplied from a power supply line is supplied to the power converter via the switch and the LC filter. In the vehicle power conversion device configured to supply,
A series circuit of a resistor and a self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch element is connected in parallel to the filter capacitor, and the control circuit of the self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch element includes an overvoltage detection circuit and an on-pulse generation circuit, When the voltage of the capacitor exceeds a predetermined overvoltage set value, the on-pulse generating circuit outputs a pulse signal having a predetermined width for turning on the self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch element, and the width of the pulse signal is equal to the filter capacitor. And a time width until the voltage of the filter capacitor decreases to a reset voltage set value lower than the overvoltage set value based on a time constant determined by the capacitance of the resistor and the resistance value of the resistor. An overvoltage protection device for a power conversion device for a vehicle, comprising: 開閉器と、フィルタコンデンサとフィルタリアクトルとで構成した複数のＬＣフィルタ及び複数の電力変換装置を車両に搭載し、給電線から前記開閉器を介して供給される直流電力を、それぞれが入力側にＬＣフィルタを備えている複数の電力変換装置へ供給する構成の車両用電力変換装置において、
抵抗器と自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子との直列回路を前記の各フィルタコンデンサに別個に並列接続し、いずれかのフィルタコンデンサ電圧が予め定めた過電圧設定値を越えれば全ての前記自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子を同時にオンにすると共に全ての前記電力変換装置の動作を停止させることを特徴とする車両用電力変換装置の過電圧保護装置。A switch, a plurality of LC filters and a plurality of power converters configured by a filter capacitor and a filter reactor are mounted on a vehicle, and DC power supplied from a power supply line via the switch is input to an input side. In a vehicle power conversion device configured to supply to a plurality of power conversion devices including an LC filter,
A series circuit of a resistor and a self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch element is separately connected in parallel to each of the filter capacitors, and if any of the filter capacitor voltages exceeds a predetermined overvoltage set value, all of the self-extinguishing type An overvoltage protection device for a vehicular power converter, wherein the semiconductor switch elements are simultaneously turned on and the operations of all the power converters are stopped. 開閉器と、フィルタコンデンサとフィルタリアクトルとで構成した複数のＬＣフィルタ及び複数の電力変換装置を車両に搭載し、給電線から前記開閉器を介して供給される直流電力を、それぞれが入力側にＬＣフィルタを備えている複数の電力変換装置へ供給する構成の車両用電力変換装置において、
抵抗器と自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子との直列回路を前記の各フィルタコンデンサに別個に並列接続し、各フィルタコンデンサにはその電圧が予め定めた過電圧設定値を越えたことを別個に検出する過電圧検出回路と、各過電圧検出回路が出力する過電圧検出信号を共通して入力する論理和回路とを備え、この論理和回路の論理演算結果に従って全ての前記自己消弧形半導体スイッチ素子を同時にオンさせることを特徴とする車両用電力変換装置の過電圧保護装置。A switch, a plurality of LC filters and a plurality of power converters configured by a filter capacitor and a filter reactor are mounted on a vehicle, and DC power supplied from a power supply line via the switch is input to an input side. In a vehicle power conversion device configured to supply to a plurality of power conversion devices including an LC filter,
A series circuit of a resistor and a self-extinguishing semiconductor switch element is separately connected in parallel to each of the filter capacitors, and each filter capacitor separately detects that its voltage exceeds a predetermined overvoltage set value. An overvoltage detection circuit, and an OR circuit for commonly inputting an overvoltage detection signal output from each overvoltage detection circuit, and simultaneously turning on all the self-extinguishing type semiconductor switch elements in accordance with a logical operation result of the OR circuit. An overvoltage protection device for a vehicle power converter.
JP25404494A 1994-10-20 1994-10-20 Overvoltage protection device for vehicle power converter Expired - Lifetime JP3540843B2 (en)

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JP4678374B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2011-04-27 トヨタ自動車株式会社 LOAD DEVICE CONTROL DEVICE AND VEHICLE
JP2010110099A (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-05-13 Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd Protection device for automobile power converter
JP6842812B2 (en) * 2017-12-12 2021-03-17 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 Power converter
DE112018007793T5 (en) * 2018-07-04 2021-04-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation CONTROL DEVICE FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES
JP7278917B2 (en) * 2019-09-26 2023-05-22 株式会社日立製作所 POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM AND CURRENT CONTROL METHOD IN POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM

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