JP3534297B2 - Method for producing culture solution from seawater and method for using the same - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the production of a culture solution from seawater by treating seawater with zeolite, treating seawater with zeolite and anion exchange resin, or treating seawater with zeolite and chitosan. The present invention relates to a method and a method of using seawater as a culture solution for hydroponic culture, a culture solution for plant tissue culture, a culture solution for microorganisms, and a culture solution for animal cells.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In remote islands surrounded by the sea or in desert areas in the Middle East, seawater is desalinated and used as drinking water, but most of them are produced by a desalination plant using the reverse osmosis membrane method. The drinking water is very expensive in terms of construction cost and operation cost, and it is practically impossible to use for drinking water other than drinking water, especially as a culture solution.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] About 70% of the earth is the ocean, and since the ocean became a place of origin of life, organisms have long used the ocean as a place of survival. The biological productivity of the ocean is much higher than that of land, but the high productivity of the ocean is due to the abundant nutrients contained in seawater. It is known that the composition of body fluids such as blood, which plays an important role in the activity of living organisms, is close to that of seawater. It is said that the body fluid composition of extant organisms closely resembles the seawater of the primitive ocean at the time of its origin. In other words, seawater can be regarded as a kind of culture solution containing various nutrients in a well-balanced manner, except that sodium chloride is present at an exceptionally high concentration. Therefore, lowering the cost of removing salt from seawater and making the resulting desalinated water available as a culture solution will help to secure irrigation water and hydroponic cultivation in desert greening or remote islands. It is an issue to be implemented.

[0004]

As a result of various studies to solve these problems, the present inventor has achieved the object by utilizing zeolite.
That is, the cation exchange capacity is 250 cmol in seawater.
(+) · Kg ⁻¹ or more, Ca-type artificial zeolite, K
A method for producing a culture solution from seawater, which comprises treating with at least one type or two or more types of artificial zeolite and Mg artificial zeolite.

A second aspect of the present invention is to use at least one of Ca-type artificial zeolite, K-type artificial zeolite and Mg-type artificial zeolite having a cation exchange capacity of 250 cmol (+) · kg ⁻¹ or more in seawater, or It is a method for producing a culture solution from seawater, which comprises performing treatment with two or more kinds and treatment with an anion exchange resin.

The third aspect of the present invention is to use at least one of Ca-type artificial zeolite, K-type artificial zeolite and Mg-type artificial zeolite having a cation exchange capacity of 250 cmol (+) · kg ⁻¹ or more in seawater, or A method for producing a culture broth from seawater, which comprises performing treatment with two or more species and treatment with chitosan.

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a culture solution produced by treating seawater with an artificial zeolite is used as a culture solution for hydroponic culture, a culture solution for plant tissue culture, a culture solution for microorganisms and a culture solution for animal cells. The method of using seawater as a culture solution of any one of

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Among seawater, sodium chloride and other chlorine compounds other than sodium,
It contains many elements such as gold, silver, copper, iron, manganese, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, uranium, aluminum and potassium, and is a raw material of the present invention. Concentrations of seawater components differ depending on locations such as coastal areas and the ocean, but those containing 35.0 g of salt in 1 kg of seawater are called standard seawater, and Table 1 shows the salt composition of standard seawater.
These can be effectively used as marine resources by removing the damage of high concentration sodium chloride.

[0009]

[Table 1]

The zeolite referred to in the present invention refers to synthetic zeolite, artificial zeolite and natural zeolite. Zeolites have a cation exchange capacity, and in particular have a remarkable ion exchange capacity for sodium, and are suitable for the purpose of the present invention. Further, depending on the use of the fresh water obtained by the present invention, Ca-type, K-type, Mg-type, synthetic zeolite, artificial zeolite and natural zeolite,
Zeolites such as can be selected. The cation exchange capacity (hereinafter referred to as CEC) of zeolite is cm
Expressed as ol (+) · kg ⁻¹ , 100 cmol (+) · k
g ⁻¹ or more, preferably 250 cmol (+) · kg ⁻¹ or more is preferable for the purpose of the present invention.

Synthetic zeolite is silica (SiO ₂ )
And zeolite (Al ₂ O ₃ ) treated by alkali treatment in the presence of water, which is a zeolite synthesized, and has a silica content ratio ((weight ratio of SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ )).
It is possible to synthesize zeolite of any quality by selecting x1.7). For example, zeolite A, zeolite X, zeolite Y, zeolite L, zeolite Ω, ZSM-5, chabazite, erionite, offretite, mordenite, ferrienite, clinotyrolite, etc. can be mentioned. However, since high-purity silica and alumina are used as raw materials, the cost becomes high and the use thereof is limited.

The artificial zeolite is a zeolite obtained by artificially converting incineration ash of combustible waste such as coal ash and municipal waste by heat treatment with an alkaline solution, and its main component is It depends on the silica content of the raw material, such as hydroxysodalite, phillipsite, or faujasite. The artificial zeolite having a desired main component can be used by utilizing the fact that the components of the obtained artificial zeolite are different depending on the silica content. Therefore, in addition to the main component, a small amount of other components such as zeolite A may be contained, and unburned carbon, iron, other impurities, and intermediate products up to zeolite as a part other than zeolite, that is, a non-zeolitic component. And so on. The artificial zeolite has good quality but also has low cost, and in order to obtain the culture solution of the present invention,
The most suitable zeolite.

The natural zeolite is a hydrated tectosilicate mineral of alkali, alkaline earth and aluminum among naturally occurring minerals, which is usually called zeolite. Examples of these minerals are phillipsite, harmotome, merlinoite, jismondin, amysite,
Gallonite, Govinsite, Analite, Wairakite, Poringite, Lormontite, Yugawaralite, Shabasite, Wilhenderson Knight, Gmelinite, Faujasite, Erioite, Offretite, Levine, Mazzite, Natrolite, Tetrasoda Fluorite, Parasoda Fluorite, Mesolite, Scholesite, Tomsonite, Gonnaldite, Eding Knight, Mordenite, Duckardite, Episularite, Ferrierite, Bikitite, Hulandite, Kleinotyrolite, Stillbite, Stellite, Barrerite, Brewsterite, Kouresite, Goosecreite, etc. Can be illustrated. The use of natural zeolite is limited due to variations in quality such as CEC.

The treatment with zeolite referred to in the present invention means
It refers to bringing the liquid to be treated, which has been treated with seawater or at least once with zeolite, or the liquid with which at least one treatment has been performed with an anion exchange resin or chitosan, into contact with the zeolite. In the batch-type process, zeolite is added to seawater or the liquid to be treated, and the water and the liquid to be treated and the zeolite are stirred well by a stirrer, the seawater or the liquid to be treated and the zeolite are sufficiently contacted, and then the zeolite and The treatment liquid is separated by filtration or centrifugation. In the continuous process, seawater or a solution to be treated at least once with zeolite or a solution to be treated at least once with an anion exchange resin or with chitosan is injected into a zeolite-filled tank, and then, Separating the treatment liquid from the zeolite layer.

The anion exchange resin referred to in the present invention is a kind of ion exchange resin and is a resin having a basic group such as an amino group or a quaternary ammonium group in the matrix of an insoluble synthetic resin. It includes a basic anion exchange resin and a weakly basic anion exchange resin. The effect is that by making it a hydroxyl group type, chlorine ions in seawater can be captured.

The treatment with an anion exchange resin as referred to in the present invention means a treated liquid which has been treated with seawater or at least once with zeolite, or a treated liquid which has been treated with at least one anion exchange resin or chitosan. Is contacted with an anion exchange resin. In the batch-type process, an anion exchange resin is added to seawater or the liquid to be treated, and seawater or the liquid to be treated and the anion exchange resin are well stirred by a stirrer to obtain seawater or the liquid to be treated and the anion exchange resin. Are sufficiently contacted, and then the anion exchange resin and the treatment liquid are separated by filtration or centrifugation. In a continuous process, seawater or a solution to be treated with zeolite at least once or a solution to be treated with anion exchange resin or chitosan at least once is injected into a tank filled with anion exchange resin. And then separating the treatment liquid from the anion exchange resin layer.

The chitosan referred to in the present invention is a deacetylated product of chitin and is usually obtained by heating purified chitin in a concentrated alkaline solution as a raw material. Here, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is used as the alkali. However, for the purpose of the present invention, it is not always necessary to use purified chitin as a raw material, and it is also possible to use chitosan obtained by treating undiluted chitin obtained by decalcifying the shells of crustaceans as a raw material in a concentrated alkaline solution. can do. The present invention utilizes this property because chitosan has an anion exchange ability. Usually, the obtained chitosan is in the form of flakes, but in the present invention, it may be used in the form of flakes, or may be crushed and used. The chitosan used in the present invention preferably has a deacetylation degree of 75% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. In particular, as chitosan having a high adsorption ability, chitosan porous beads obtained by chemically modifying chitosan have a high adsorption ability and are easy to handle, and therefore are more preferable for carrying out the present invention. In addition, since chitosan has antibacterial properties, when used as the culture solution of the present invention, it prevents contamination of various bacteria and is therefore suitable for use as the culture solution.

The treatment with chitosan referred to in the present invention means that the liquid to be treated which has been treated with zeolite at least once or the liquid which has been treated with anion exchange resin or treated with chitosan at least once is brought into contact with chitosan. Say that. In the batch-type process, chitosan is added to the liquid to be treated and well stirred with a stirrer to bring the liquid to be treated and chitosan into sufficient contact, and then the chitosan and the treatment liquid are separated by filtration or centrifugation. In the continuous process, the liquid to be treated having been treated with zeolite at least once or the liquid to be treated with anion exchange resin or chitosan at least once is injected into the chitosan filling tank, and then the liquid to be treated is injected. Is separated from the chitosan layer.

The culture broth used in the present invention means a culture broth in hydroponic culture, a culture broth for plant tissue culture, a culture broth for microorganisms, and a culture broth for animal cells. The culture solution in hydroponics means a vegetable factory, a culture solution having a special component composition in hydroponics called a plant factory, and a culture solution for plant tissue culture is used when culturing a callus of a plant tissue. It is a culture solution to be used and may contain a special plant hormone or the like depending on the tissue to be cultured. The culture solution of a microorganism is a culture solution used for culturing yeast, mold, bacteria, actinomycetes, etc., and special components can be added depending on the purpose of production. In addition to the main culture medium, animal cell components such as serum can be added to the culture medium of animal cells.

[0020]

[Examples] The outline of the present invention will be described with reference to an example of producing a culture solution by a process comprising a zeolite treatment and a chitosan treatment, but the gist of the present invention is not limited to this.

First, the batch process will be described with reference to FIG. In the present description, the steps of performing the zeolite treatment and then the chitosan treatment are performed, but the treatments are not necessarily performed in this order, and the chitosan treatment is performed first,
Next, a zeolite treatment may be performed. This is the same when the treatment with an anion exchange resin is performed. Seawater as a raw material is stored in the seawater storage tank 1, and in performing the zeolite treatment, seawater is injected into the zeolite treatment tank 2 by the pump 10. Zeolite is stored in the zeolite storage tank 6, and a necessary amount of zeolite is charged into the zeolite treatment tank 2 from here. The mixed liquid 14 of seawater and zeolite obtained here was well stirred by a stirrer 9 to bring the seawater and zeolite into sufficient contact to remove cations, especially sodium ions, from the seawater, and then a filter. At 3, the zeolite and the treatment liquid are separated. The separated liquid is transferred to the zeolite-treated water storage tank 7. When performing the next treatment with chitosan, a required amount of this treated water is injected into the chitosan treatment tank 4 by the pump 12. Chitosan is stored in the chitosan storage tank 8, and a necessary amount of chitosan is charged into the chitosan treatment tank 4 from here. The obtained mixed solution 15 of zeolite-treated water and chitosan was thoroughly stirred with a stirrer 9,
The zeolite-treated water and chitosan are brought into sufficient contact with each other to remove anions, and then the chitosan and the treated water are separated by the filter 3 and the obtained culture solution is stored in the culture solution storage tank 5. At this time, depending on the application, it is not always necessary to completely remove the solid content by the filter 3.

In the batch-type process, the zeolite or chitosan separated in each separation process can be mixed with the water to be treated and repeatedly used. The number of repetitions depends on the CEC of the treated zeolite, the ion exchange capacity of chitosan, and the required quality of the culture solution.
I can decide.

Next, the continuous process will be described with reference to FIG. In the present description, the steps of performing the zeolite treatment and then the chitosan treatment are performed, but the treatments are not necessarily performed in this order, and the chitosan treatment is performed first,
Then, the zeolite treatment may be carried out as in the case of the batch method. This is the same when the treatment with an anion exchange resin is performed. Seawater as a raw material is stored in the seawater storage tank 1, and in performing the zeolite treatment, seawater is injected from the upper part of the zeolite filling tank 16 by the pump 21. The flow rate of seawater at this time can be determined by the CEC of the filled zeolite and the required quality of the culture solution. While the seawater passes through the zeolite layer, cations are removed, the zeolite is separated by the strainer 24, and the zeolite-treated water enters the zeolite-treated water storage tank 7. In this operation, it is not always necessary to flow seawater from the upper part, and seawater may be injected from the lower part. Next, the zeolite-treated water in the zeolite-treated water storage tank 7 is pumped 22
Is injected from above the chitosan filling tank 17. The flow rate of the zeolite-treated water at this time depends on the ion exchange capacity of the filled chitosan and the required quality of the culture solution.
Can be set. While the zeolite-treated water passes through the chitosan layer, anions are removed, the chitosan is separated by the strainer 24, chitosan-treated water is obtained, and enters the chitosan-treated water storage tank 18. The obtained culture solution is stored in the culture solution storage tank 5. Depending on the application such as the culture solution, it is not preferable to mix solids, so a filter can be provided between the chitosan-treated water storage tank 18 and the culture solution storage tank 5.

In the above continuous process, the flow rate and flow rate of the water to be treated are such that the zeolite loading amount and CEC of the zeolite loading tank, the chitosan loading amount and ion exchange capacity of the chitosan loading tank, and the anion exchange resin loading tank anion. It can be determined by the filling amount and ion exchange capacity of the ion exchange resin, and the quality of the culture solution.

The culture broth obtained by the present invention can be used as a culture broth in hydroponic culture, a culture broth for plant tissue culture, a culture broth for microorganisms and a culture broth for animal cells. The culture solution in hydroponics is used for hydroponics called vegetable factories and plant factories, and can supplement nutrients and chemicals required by the plant to be cultivated. Since the culture medium for plant tissue culture is a culture medium used when culturing callus of plant tissue, a special plant hormone or the like can be added depending on the tissue to be cultured. Since the culture liquid of microorganisms is a culture liquid used for culturing yeast, mold, bacteria, actinomycetes, etc., it is necessary to add sugar as a carbon source, but depending on the purpose of the culture, a special component may be added. It can be added. The culture medium of animal cells is usually a main culture medium, animal components,
For example, it is necessary to add serum or the like.

Example 1 1 liter of seawater was placed in a 2 liter beaker, 200 ml of artificial zeolite whose main component was phillipsite was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour with a stirrer to separate the artificial zeolite and water with a filter paper. . 200 ml of Amberlite IRA-400 (manufactured by Tokyo Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was added to the separated water as a weak ion exchange resin, stirred for 1 hour with a stirrer, and the anion exchange resin and water were separated with a filter paper. The composition of the obtained culture solution is shown in Table 2.
As shown in the table, sodium chloride was decreased.

Example 2 1 liter of seawater was placed in a 2 liter beaker, 150 ml of chabazite as a synthetic zeolite was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour with a stirrer, and artificial zeolite and water were separated with a filter paper. Bilo-chitosan BCK-NO3 (manufactured by Bilo Industrial Co., Ltd.) as chitosan in the separated water
200 ml was added, and the mixture was stirred with a stirrer for 1 hour, and chitosan and water were separated with a filter paper. As for the composition of the obtained culture solution, as shown in Table 2, sodium chloride was reduced.

(Example 3) 1 liter of seawater was placed in a 2 liter beaker, 200 ml of artificial zeolite whose main component was phillipsite was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour with a stirrer to separate artificial zeolite and water with a filter paper. . As the chitosan, 200 ml of Virochitosan BCK-NO3 (manufactured by Viro Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added to the separated water, and the mixture was stirred with a stirrer for 1 hour, and the chitosan was separated from the water with a filter paper. As for the composition of the obtained culture solution, as shown in Table 2, sodium chloride was reduced.

[0029]

[Table 2]

Example 4 Nitrogen and phosphoric acid were added to the culture solution obtained by the method of Example 3 to prepare a liquid fertilizer. The composition is as shown in Table 3, and hydroponics of melon was carried out at room temperature of 20 to 30 ° C. with this liquid fertilizer. As a result, a melon having a diameter of 15 cm could be harvested by cultivation for 65 days.

[0031]

[Table 3]

[0032]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY In a remote island surrounded by the sea or in a desert area in the Middle East, seawater is desalinated and used as drinking water. However, its construction cost and operation cost are very high, and it is not used for drinking water. In fact, it can hardly be used for the above-mentioned application, especially as a culture solution, from the viewpoint of cost.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a culture solution from seawater by treating seawater with zeolite, treatment with zeolite and treatment with anion exchange resin, treatment with zeolite and treatment with chitosan, and seawater, Treatment with zeolite, treatment with zeolite and treatment with anion exchange resin, treatment with zeolite and treatment with chitosan, which is a method of using as a culture solution of seawater, for removing salt from seawater according to the present invention The cost is reduced and the resulting desalinated water can be used as a culture solution. Also,
This culture can also be used for desert irrigation water,
Since it can also be used as a culture solution in hydroponic cultivation, it has become possible to plant deserts or secure water for irrigation in isolated islands and to carry out hydroponic cultivation in deserts or isolated islands.

[Brief description of drawings]

[Figure 1] Batch-type culture solution production process from seawater

[Figure 2] Continuous culture solution production process from seawater

[Explanation of symbols]

1. Seawater storage tank 2. Zeolite treatment tank 3. Filter 4. Chitosan treatment tank 5. Culture liquid storage tank 6. Zeolite storage tank 7. Zeolite treated water storage tank 8. Chitosan storage tank 9. Stirrer 10.11.12.13. pump 14. Mixture of seawater and zeolite 15. Mixture of zeolite-treated water and chitosan 16. Zeolite filling tank 17. Chitosan filling tank 18. Chitosan treated water storage tank 19. Zeolite 20. Chitosan 21.22.23. pump twenty four. strainer

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ identification code FI C02F 1/42 C02F 1/42 B C12N 1/00 C12N 1/00 F (56) Reference JP-A-51-133176 (JP, A) JP-A-52-33884 (JP, A) JP-A-3-229690 (JP, A) JP-A 51-136353 (JP, A) JP-A 61-86985 (JP, A) JP-A 61-291038 ( JP, A) JP-B-38-20814 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C05G 5/00 A01C 21/00 A01G 25 / 00,31 / 00 B01J 47 / 02 C02F 1/42 C12N 1/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cation exchange capacity of 250 cmo in seawater.
Ca-type artificial zeolite with l (+) · kg ⁻¹ or more,
A method for producing a culture solution from seawater, which comprises treating with at least one kind or two or more kinds of K type artificial zeolite and Mg type artificial zeolite. 2. Seawater having a cation exchange capacity of 250 cmo.
Ca-type artificial zeolite with l (+) · kg ⁻¹ or more,
A method for producing a culture solution from seawater, which comprises treating with at least one or two or more of K-type artificial zeolite and Mg-type artificial zeolite and treating with an anion exchange resin. 3. Seawater having a cation exchange capacity of 250 cmo.
Ca-type artificial zeolite with l (+) · kg ⁻¹ or more,
A method for producing a culture solution from seawater, which comprises treating with at least one or two or more of K-type artificial zeolite and Mg-type artificial zeolite and treating with chitosan. 4. A culture broth produced by the production method according to claim 1 in a hydroponic culture, a culture broth for plant tissue culture, a culture broth for microorganisms, and animal cells. The method of using seawater as a culture solution of any one of