JP3514977B2 - Tool post device for comb-blade lathe - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a tool rest unit in the comb-shaped lathe you cut the rotatably mounted a shaft-like workpieces between the headstock and tailstock of the lathe.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known a comb-blade lathe in which a plurality of turrets are fixed on a turret base in a comb-like structure. The comb-blade type lathe is for cutting a workpiece rotatably arranged on a workpiece holding means such as a chuck or a clamp device provided on the front of a lathe headstock with a blade, and the workpiece holding means is directly A carriage equipped with a saddle that moves in the axial direction of the workpiece arranged in the opposite position, that is, the lathe headstock direction (Z axis), and the Z axis orthogonal direction (X axis) on the carriage.
It has a slide base that moves to the bottom, a tool post base fixed on the slide base, and a tool post that removably fixes the tool to the tool post base.

Further, in the comb-blade lathe, an accessory device such as a measuring instrument or a cleaning instrument can be fixed in place from a plurality of tool rests in a timely manner, and in some cases, the Z of the carriage can be fixed. Instead of moving in the axial direction, the headstock can also move in the Z-axis direction with respect to the carriage. The comb-blade type lathe is NC-controlled for movement in the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction, and is a front lathe type for small workpieces intended for precision machining. It is dedicated to chuck work that does not require a tailstock. Is configured in the machine. Further, a tailstock device in a precision lathe developed by the present applicant (for example, utility model registration No. 2524484)
Since it is possible to process a work piece with high accuracy by using a comb-blade lathe, we focused on machining a shaft-shaped work piece using the comb-blade lathe. Since it is configured exclusively for chuck work, it would be impossible to use it as a machine for cutting a shaft-shaped workpiece with high precision only by using the tailstock device.

[0004]

The conventional comb-blade lathe is
Since multiple turrets are fixed on the turret base, a mechanism that allows the turret attached to the turret and the turret base to move relative to each other is not adopted, and the workpiece is machined with high precision. However, when cutting with multiple blades (turning), the arrangement of each blade must be taken into consideration. Among a plurality of blades arranged in a comb shape, when a predetermined blade is cutting a workpiece, the other blades are driven by the lathe spindle, so that it does not interfere with the workpiece including the chuck and the rotating body. , The position of the cutting tool must be determined in consideration of the interval between the cutting tools and the entrance / exit. Therefore, in the above-mentioned comb-blade lathe, since the gap between the adjacent blades is larger than the size of the workpiece, the dimension between the outermost blades is widened and the cutting diameter of the workpiece is increased. In comparison, the X-axis stroke also requires a sufficient length.

Regarding the above-mentioned comb-blade lathe, a lathe in which a turret-type turret is arranged on a turret base instead of the comb-blade is also known in consideration of the above problems. By mounting the blade on each of the hexagonal or octagonal surfaces, the blades attached to the other surfaces are separated from the rotating body even when the predetermined blade is performing cutting, and there is no interference. Therefore, the X-axis stroke is shorter than that of the comb-blade lathe. However, in the conventional turret type lathe, when converting from a predetermined tool to the next tool, first, the operation of unclamping the hexagonal or octagonal turret tool post clamped on the tool post base and floating it is performed. Then, an indexing operation of rotating the turret type tool rest is performed until the target tool position directly faces the workpiece, and finally, a series of operation steps of re-clamping is required. Moreover, the turret-type lathe moves up and out of the turret base every time the blade is replaced, and although the mechanism that takes into account the resilience is adopted, the blade edge does not always come to the same position. Not limited to this, it is impossible to maintain high-precision machining of a workpiece. As described above, the turret type lathe requires three kinds of operation steps of unclamping, rotating and clamping the turret type tool rest, so that the time for exchanging the tool becomes long, and as a matter of course, these operations are performed. Therefore, the clamp mechanism and rotation mechanism must be installed in a limited space, and the function to control them is also required.

Further, even if the precision is within an allowable range in general mechanical parts and rough machining, micron or submicron accuracy is required for electronic parts, optical parts or parts related to fuel injection used in automobiles. Therefore, there is a big problem in the system in which the finishing blade moves from the reference position. By the way, in recent years, the development of automobile technology has been remarkable, and in particular, in addition to main machines such as an engine and a vehicle body, many auxiliary machines for equipping various devices are provided. Many of the auxiliaries are controlled by a computer that is composed of electronic circuits, and other than the electronic circuits, there is no change to mechanical parts, and in order to respond quickly to the signals emitted from the electronic circuits, the machining accuracy of the shaft parts is also high. Also requires high precision,
There is a tendency for miniaturization. Therefore, the shaft-shaped workpiece as the shaft member is a part related to the auxiliary equipment made of quench-hardened steel material, and is required to have a cylindricity of 2μ according to the accuracy indication specified in JIS. . Further, in an environment-friendly and cleaner engine , the accuracy of the fuel injection parts bears a great responsibility, and brakes and steering-related parts that are directly connected to safety are also required to have high accuracy.

If the cylindricity of the axial work piece becomes 2 μ, the machining accuracy exceeds the static accuracy of the lathe, which is originally the area of grinder processing, but there are major problems in carrying out grinder processing. It will be left behind. Here, the cylindricity is represented by the difference between the radii of the two cylindrical surfaces when the cylindrical shape is sandwiched by two coaxial geometric cylinders and the distance between the two cylindrical surfaces is minimum. Cylindricity is a combination of circularity, straightness, and parallelism applied to the surface of a cylinder, and it is a convenient way to regulate circularity, straightness, and parallelism by cylindricity. However, checking cylindricity based on the definition is rather difficult. Therefore, when controlling the cylindricity, it is easier to manage by instructing the tolerance value by dividing it into circularity, straightness, and parallelism as much as possible.

For example, the shape of the part or workpiece 4 shown in FIG. 6 has a shaft portion 5 and a flange 34 formed at one end of the shaft portion 5.
The outer diameter of the shaft portion 5, the inner end surface of the flange 34, and the outer diameter of the flange 34 are the main parts of which the processing accuracy is required. The workpiece 4 of this shape is supported by the center hole 16 and the end portion 34E of the shaft portion 5, and while the workpiece 4 is rotated at a low speed, the grindstone rotating at a high speed is brought into contact with the workpiece 4 while being moved in the rotation axis direction. Grinding with a conventional cylindrical grinder that uses a conventional grinding machine requires a long machining time and increases costs.

There is also a plunge cut grinding method in which the grindstone is shaped so as to match the shape of the workpiece and is brought into contact with the workpiece without sending the grindstone in the direction of the rotation axis, and not only the outer diameter but also the end surface Although there is an advantage that processing can be done at the same time, if the limits of each processed part of the workpiece are different like this time, it will take a lot of labor to form the grindstone in order to manage the dimensions. Also, if the sharpness of the grindstone deteriorates, it is necessary to correct the surface of the grindstone that contacts the workpiece with a dresser. It's useless.
It is also possible to divide the work into a shaft part and a flange part and assemble them after processing, but cumulative errors due to the processing accuracy of the assembly parts and assembly errors occur, and the strength of the parts is insufficient for assembly, which is a major problem. If it has to be shaped, not only will it go against the trend of miniaturization and weight reduction, but it will also deprive the freedom of design.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems. A comb-blade lathe capable of machining a shaft-shaped workpiece with high precision is used to Four tool rests and a measuring device are installed in the machine, and after the rough machining of the workpiece, the primary finishing machining and the final secondary finishing machining are performed, and the cutting state of the cutting amount of the workpiece in the primary finishing machining is detected,
By changing the depth of cut of the working conditions of the cutting tool in accordance with the cutting state by performing secondary finishing precision of the cylindricity (circularity, straightness, parallel) to achieving the cutting process of the workpiece to ensure
To provide a tool post device in a comb-blade lathe for.

[0011] This invention, carriage moving in parallel along the axis of rotation of rotatable positions set shaft-shaped workpiece between the headstock and the tailstock, on the said carriage A slide base that moves in a direction orthogonal to the rotation center axis of the workpiece, a tool rest base fixed to the slide base, and face the work center on the tool rest base with the rotation center axis of the work interposed therebetween. A slide type tool post that is arranged and slides in the same direction as the moving direction of the slide base, and is placed on the tool post base so as to face the work center axis of the workpiece, and the slide type tool post. A fixed tool post that can be arbitrarily changed in the arrangement position attached to the table, a detection device that is provided on the fixed tool post and detects the cutting state of the workpiece, and the cutting process state by the detection device in response to said detected value Controller for correcting the depth of cut for the workpiece with respect to the rotation center axis by changing the movement in the perpendicular direction of the tool rest base crop relates tool rest unit in comb-shaped lathe consisting.

Further, a tool rest device in this comb-blade lathe
The slide type tool rests in (1) and (2) are each provided with a drive device that slides them independently to arbitrarily change the arrangement position, and the drive device is operated by a command from the controller.

Furthermore, a tool rest device in this comb-blade lathe
The fixed type tool rest in is arranged closer to the lathe headstock side than the sliding type tool rest.

As described above, this comb-blade lathe has two sliding-type blades with the workpiece rotation center axis formed by the center of the tailstock centered on the toolbase on the toolbase base. Arrange the stands face-to-face, and the two sliding tool turrets independently
Another fixed type tool post, which is constructed so that it can slide in the direction parallel to the axial direction and is installed side by side with two sliding type tool posts, is fixed so that two units face each other across the workpiece rotation center axis. A detector is attached to one fixed turret, and it detects the cutting state of the workpiece for primary finishing and secondary finishing, so you can change the tool simply by moving it in the X-axis direction. It does not require a separate change mechanism or control device, and once the blade is set on the tool post base, it remains fixed, enabling repeated high-precision finishing of workpieces to be maintained.

By the way, the development of blades used for lathe processing is remarkable, and a blade capable of cutting to a hardness of about Rc60 (Rockwell C scale 60) such as hardened steel which has been conventionally difficult to cut has been developed. Has been done. However, the conventional cutting cannot secure the desired accuracy. Therefore, as the tailstock device, for example, the one disclosed in Utility Model Registration No. 2524484 is used, and the tool post base also fixed on the slide base is provided with two units so as to sandwich the workpiece rotation center axis. A sliding turret and two fixed turrets were placed side by side to sandwich the workpiece rotation center axis. Sliding turrets slide independently in the direction of the center axis of rotation of the workpiece, one of the sliding turrets is equipped with a roughing tool, and the other sliding turret is grooved. A cutting tool is attached.

Normally, if a lathe capable of high precision machining is used, the roundness and straightness can be secured, but the taper generated on the workpiece is inevitable. Therefore, according to the present invention, as the accuracy of cutting a shaft-shaped workpiece, instead of setting the taper to 0, the generated taper amount and direction are detected, correction calculation is performed based on the detected value, and the generated taper amount is calculated. If the taper command is intentionally given in the opposite direction and the workpiece is subjected to secondary finishing, both sides can cancel each other and as a result, roundness and parallelism can be secured. That is, one fixed type tool post is equipped with a finishing tool, and the other fixed type tool post is equipped with a detection device to detect the cutting state of the workpiece after machining and detect the detected state. In response to the command from the controller, move the tool for secondary finishing of the sliding tool post in the X-axis direction,
Ensure high-precision machining of the roundness of the workpiece.

[0017]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, a description will be given of an embodiment of a tool rest unit in the comb-shaped lathe to achieve the cutting how the workpiece according to the invention. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a tool rest device in a comb blade type lathe according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a right side view of the tool rest device of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a left side view of the tool rest device of FIG. 4 is a front view of the tool rest device seen from the tailstock side of FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is FIG.
6 is a rear view of the tool rest device viewed from the headstock side, FIG. 6 is a plan view of the shaft-shaped workpiece for explaining the cutting method for the shaft-shaped workpiece, and FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are shaft-shaped workpieces. It is a top view of a shaft-like workpiece showing each example of the support state where the workpiece was supported by the headstock and tailstock.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a tool post device in a comb blade type lathe according to the present invention. The tool post device 1 is shown by a solid line, and the headstock 2 and tailstock 3 are shown by dotted lines. Further, the work piece 4 supported by the headstock 2 and the tailstock 3 is shown by a solid line. The tool rest device 1 has a state in which after the loading device sets the workpiece 4 between the headstock 2 and the tailstock 3, the loading device is lifted to start turning or cutting of the workpiece 4, and turning. That is, it shows a state where the unloading device picks up the machined workpiece 4 after the cutting process is completed.

In the comb-blade lathe, the state where the shaft-shaped workpiece 4 is mounted between the headstock 2 and the tailstock 3 is, for example, the state shown in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9. is assumed.
In FIG. 7, the workpiece 4 has its shaft center, that is, the center of rotation 14, of the spindle center of the headstock 2, that is, the center of the chuck claw 12 and the center of the support center 13 of the tailstock 3, and is defined by JIS. The machine is installed in a highly accurate position within the static accuracy of the machine. In FIG. 8, the center of the spindle of the headstock 2 and the center of the center 13 of the tailstock 3 are located within the static accuracy, but the center hole 16 drilled in the end face of the workpiece 4 has a two-dot chain line. As shown by, the state is shifted. In the case shown in FIG. 8, the workpiece 4 causes a deflection (amount of deflection F) on the outer periphery of the workpiece 4 as the workpiece 4 rotates, and the cutting allowance of the cutting changes with each rotation, which imposes a burden on the blade 6. Change. as a result,
The blade 6 vibrates, chattering on the machined surface of the workpiece 4, a situation such as undulation, which deteriorates the machining accuracy, the roundness of the workpiece 4 decreases, and accuracy control becomes difficult. Or, in FIG. 9,
The work piece 4 is positioned in a state where the center of the spindle 2 and the center of the support center 13 of the tailstock 3 are displaced (displacement amount t), and the workpiece 4 is the chuck claw 12 of the headstock 2 and the support center of the tailstock 3. A state in which it is obliquely attached from the beginning of mounting is shown between 13 and 13. In this case, the workpiece 4 rotates and the workpiece 4 rotates.
There is no wobbling (the amount of wobbling F) on the outer periphery of the workpiece 4, but the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece 4 is tapered despite the fact that the blade 6 attached to the tool rest device 1 is moved in the direction parallel to the Z axis. Will be cut. Generally, in the cutting process for the work 4, the headstock 2 side is thick and the tailstock 3 is thin. Therefore, when the state shown in FIG. 8 and the state shown in FIG. 9 occur at the same time, the machining accuracy of the workpiece 4 is greatly reduced.

The cutting process of engineering crops by comb-shaped lathe this, the shaft-like workpiece 4 that is rotatably positioning between the headstock 2 and the tailstock 3 of comb-shaped lathe Center of rotation 1
The cutting work is performed with a blade 6 that moves in the parallel direction and the orthogonal direction along the line 4. A blade 6 that moves relative to the workpiece 4.
Then, the rough finishing is performed on the workpiece 4 and then the primary finishing is performed. The cutting state of the depth of cut (the difference between the outer diameter D1 of the rough machining surface 40 and the outer diameter D2 of the primary finishing surface 41) along the axial direction in which the workpiece 4 is cut by the primary finishing machining is detected, and then detected. In order to perform a secondary finishing process, that is, a final finishing process for cutting the target cutting amount (outer diameter D3 of the secondary finishing surface 42) on the workpiece 4 according to the cutting state of the cut amount, the blade 6 for the workpiece 4 is cut. The secondary finishing process is performed by correcting the movement amount in the orthogonal direction. In the method for cutting the workpiece 4 according to the present invention, the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece 4 is machined in a perfect circle along the axial direction in parallel, so that the taper amount along the axial direction cut by the detected primary finishing machining is obtained. Based on this, the amount of movement of the blade 6 in the direction orthogonal to the direction in which the amount of taper is canceled is corrected and secondary finishing processing is performed to secure a target depth of cut that is perfect circle, straight and parallel.

In the method of cutting a workpiece by using the comb-blade lathe , the primary and secondary finishing processes are performed under the same cutting conditions, the same blade 6 is used, and the cutting peripheral speed, that is, the workpiece 4 is used.
The rotation speed and cutting feed speed are made the same, and the same finish is obtained. As shown in FIG. 6, in the method of cutting a work by using the comb-blade lathe, the primary cutting is performed by setting the cutting amount to about 1/2 from the rough-processed dimension to the final finished dimension. The outer diameter of the rough machining surface 40 after the rough machining with respect to the workpiece 4 is D1, the outer diameter of the primary finishing machining surface 41 after the primary finishing machining is D2, and the outer diameter of the secondary finishing machining surface 42 after the secondary finishing machining. Is D3. Further, the detection position with respect to the workpiece 4 is determined by the length L between the two points of the first detection position 38 and the second detection position 39. After the rough machining and the primary finishing of the workpiece 4, the taper amount and the taper direction are detected by the detection device 8 based on the cutting amount cut from φD1 and φD2 of the workpiece 4 into the workpiece 4. At this time, the taper amount T is (D1-D2) / L, and the taper direction can be detected by the magnitude of φD1 and φD2.
If the taper is generated in the workpiece 4 even though the taper machining command is not given to the workpiece 4 in the primary finishing, when the secondary finishing is performed, the taper machining opposite to the primary finishing is performed. A command is given to the controller so that the workpiece 4 is performed, the blade 6 is moved in the X-axis direction to change the depth of cut, and the target finishing machining is ensured so that the final diameter is reached. After the secondary finishing, the outer diameter D3 of the secondary finishing surface 42 of the workpiece 4 may be detected to check whether it is a good product or a defective product.

The comb-blade lathe reciprocates on a headstock 2, a tailstock 3, which is arranged so as to face the headstock 2, and a bed which is arranged between the headstock 2 and the tailstock 3. It comprises a tool rest device 1 arranged on a carriage equipped with a saddle. The headstock 2 is a chuck 2 attached to the spindle 43.
The work piece 4 is rotatably supported by the chuck claws 12 provided on the work piece 4. The tailstock 3 has a rotatable center 13 aligned with a center hole 16 formed in the workpiece 4.

The tool rest device 1 comprises a saddle which constitutes a carriage and moves in a parallel direction (Z-axis direction) along a rotation center axis 14 of the workpiece 4, and the workpiece 4 on the carriage. A slide base that moves in a direction orthogonal to the rotation center axis 14 (X-axis direction), a tool rest base 9 fixed to the slide base, and a rotation center axis 1 of the workpiece 4 on the tool rest base 9.
4, two slide-type tool turrets 10 that are arranged to face each other and slide in the same direction as the moving direction of the slide base, and a turret base that faces and sandwiches the rotation center shaft 14 of the workpiece 4. It is composed of two fixed-type tool turrets 11 which are arranged on 9 and arranged side by side with the sliding-type tool turret 10 whose position can be arbitrarily changed.

A base 7 having a dovetail 32 is fixed to the tool rest base 9 by fixing bolts 33. A dovetail 32 extends in the longitudinal direction on the upper surface of the base 7. A reference gold 25 is fixed to the center of the base 7 with a set bolt 44. The reference metal 25 has a set screw 35
And adjusting screws 27 extending on both sides, respectively. There are 3 on both sides of the reference gold 25 fixed to the base 7.
A sliding table 23 having a dovetail groove 31 fitted in 2 is slidably arranged on the base 7.

The sliding turret 10 has a sliding table 23 slidably arranged on a base 7 fixed to a turret base 9, and the sliding table 23 slides independently of the base 7. A cylinder device 22 of a driving device to be moved and a sliding support (holder base) 18S fixed by a fixing screw 28 on a sliding table 23 are provided. Cylinder device 2
The cylinder bracket 48 in 2 is fixed to the base 7 with a fixing bolt 47. The sliding table 23 is configured to slide on the base 7 via the cylinder rod 17 by the operation of the cylinder device 22 so that the arrangement position can be arbitrarily changed. The sliding table 23 is configured with respect to the base 7 by driving the cylinder device 22. A contact piece 26 is provided on the sliding support 18S so as to face the adjusting screw 27 provided on the reference metal 25.
A sliding blade support (bite holder) 36 having a blade mounting groove 45 is attached to the sliding support 18S so as to be vertically slidable. After the vertical adjustment of the sliding blade support 36 with respect to the sliding support 18S, the blade 6 is set to a predetermined height by the blade height adjusting screw 29.

The fixed tool post 11 is arranged closer to the spindle headstock 2 side of the lathe than the sliding tool post 10 is. The fixed turret 11 is a fixed support 18R fixed to the turret base 9.
And a sliding blade support (bite holder) 37 that is vertically slidable on the fixed supporter (holder base) 18R. The sliding blade support 37 includes a blade or a detection device 8
A component mounting groove 46 for mounting components such as is provided. After the vertical adjustment of the sliding blade support 37 with respect to the fixed support 18R, the blade 6 is set to a predetermined height by the blade height adjusting screw 29, and the detecting device 8 is set by the blade height adjusting screw 30. Set to the height of. Fixed support 1
A bolt 21 is fixed to the lower surface of the 8R, and the bolt 2
1 projects into a dovetail groove 19 formed on the tool post base 9,
The square nut 20 is fixed to the tool rest base 9 at a predetermined position by tightening the bolt 21. Therefore, the fixed tool post 11 is fixed to an appropriate position of the tool post base 9 according to the workpiece 4 to be cut. In addition, fixed turret 1
One of the units 1 is equipped with a detection device 8 for detecting the cutting state of the workpiece 4. In the comb-blade lathe, the detection device 8 is configured to change the movement of the tool rest base 9 in the right-angled direction in response to a signal obtained by detecting the cutting state of the workpiece 6 to perform correction processing. .

The tool rest device 1 is constructed as described above and can be operated, for example, as follows. First, a loading device (not shown) grips the workpiece 4, descends to the rotation center axis 14 of the workpiece 4, and stops there. The loading device positions the work piece 4 in the chuck claw 12 provided on the headstock 2 of the lathe in a loosely inserted state. The center 13 of the tailstock 3 advances toward the headstock 2 and presses the workpiece 4, and the end face of the workpiece 4 is moved to the reference metal 15 between the chuck claws 12.
Abut. The loading device lifts the workpiece 4 and loads the next workpiece 4 between the headstock 2 and the tailstock 3 so as to move up to the original position and stand by, and the chuck jaws 1
2 clamps the workpiece 4. The spindle 43 is activated and the workpiece 4 starts rotating. The workpiece 4 is cut by the above cutting method, and the finishing process is completed.

The cutting work on the workpiece 4 is performed as follows. First, the saddle moves quickly to the processing origin, and the tool rest device 1 moves in the Z-axis direction. One sliding tool post 10, for example, the sliding tool post 10 on which the roughing tool 6 is set moves in the X-axis direction to the forward end with respect to the workpiece 4, and the roughing tool 6 becomes the workpiece. Roughly cut 4. After the rough machining of the workpiece 4, the sliding tool rest 10 on which the rough machining tool 6 is set is moved in the X-axis direction to the retracted end. Another sliding tool rest 10, for example, a sliding tool rest 10 on which the grooved tool 6 is set moves in the X-axis direction with respect to the workpiece 4 to the forward end. At this time, the sliding tool post 10 moves to affect the machining accuracy of the workpiece 4.
That is, the sliding tool post 10 is provided with a measure that does not affect the final finishing accuracy of the workpiece 4. The roughing tool 6 is attached to the sliding tool post 10. Also, the other one
A grooved cutting tool 6 having a low processing accuracy is attached to the base. Although not shown, the sliding turret 10 is given a thrust sufficient to withstand the cutting reaction force, and each turret is in contact with the reference metal during the cutting of the workpiece 4.

Grooving blade 6 is groove 49 with respect to workpiece 4.
(FIG. 6) is cut. When the groove cutting on the workpiece 4 is completed, the slide type tool rest 10 on which the groove cutting tool 6 is set
Moves in the X-axis direction to the backward end. The rotation of the spindle of the headstock 2 stops, and the rotation of the workpiece 4 stops. Therefore, the center 13 of the tailstock 3 momentarily depresses the pressing force applied to the workpiece 4 and again applies the pressing force to the workpiece 4. The work piece 4 is a processing method targeting the quench hardened steel material, and the procedure is as follows. The reason for this is that in general, when the steel material is quench hardened,
When stress is generated and accumulated inside the material, and external force such as cutting is applied to this to change the shape of the material, the balance is disturbed and even if the machining accuracy is maintained when the machine is attached to the machine after machining, When removed from the product, there is a concern that it may appear as product distortion and become a defective product, so we took these steps. Particularly, the processing according to the present invention requires high precision, and countermeasures against cutting heat are an important issue in products. In rough machining, the depth of cut is large, and therefore the effect of cutting heat acts as the elongation of the material. Therefore, by momentarily deactivating the center axis, the elongation of the material is assisted. It is one that urges.

The reason why the above measures are not taken after cutting the workpiece 4 for the primary finishing is that the amount of cutting is small in the primary finishing cutting and the generation of cutting heat can be ignored.
In addition, there is another concern that the center axis may be momentarily deenergized. At present, there is a treatment method that advances the quenching technology and generates less internal stress. For example, in heat treatment and quenching using a vacuum furnace, there is little occurrence of internal stress. Is not necessarily the process of the above steps. In any case, it is better to repeat the experiment and decide the operation procedure.

The spindle of the headstock 2 is activated, and the workpiece 4 starts rotating. The working tool 6 finishing set at fixed tool rest 11 in 1 group performing primary finishing cutting relative to the workpiece 4. After the primary finishing cutting relative to the workpiece 4 is finished, rotation of the spindle headstock 2 is stopped, the rotation of the workpiece 4 is stopped. Another fixed-type tool rest 11 on which the detection device 8 is set measures the outer diameter of the workpiece 4 at two locations. As shown in FIG. 6, the two outer diameters of the workpiece 4 are measured by knowing what kind of taper is generated on the workpiece 4 after the primary finish cutting. The taper generation state can be known by measuring the taper amount and the taper direction of the work piece 4 at two points on the center 13 side and the chuck claw 12 side and obtaining the distance between the two measurement points.

Although the original machining was straight machining, that is, machining without feeding to the X-axis, the taper was generated because of the static accuracy of the machine and the center hole 16 pre-machined in the workpiece 4. Accuracy, a state in which the machine is not stable immediately after operation, and a sharpness of the blade 6 may be considered. Therefore, the taper amount generated by the straight machining of the primary finishing cutting can be solved by intentionally setting it in the direction opposite to that of the primary finishing cutting in the final finishing cutting. Both the primary finishing cutting and the final finishing cutting must be performed with the same cutting tool 6 and the same cutting conditions (cutting rotation speed, same cutting amount, same feed rate). Therefore, the significance of carrying out rough machining is here. The workpiece 4 which has been subjected to rough machining with a machining allowance up to the final finished size is cut by half the amount of the machining allowance during the primary finishing cutting, and the other half is cut during the final finishing cutting.

In this cutting method, the measured value is fed back to the NC device and the NC device correction calculation is performed. Spindle 4
The workpiece 4 starts to rotate by the activation of 3. Fixed tool rest 11 set with finishing tool 6 performs final finish machining by the correction value a workpiece 4. When the secondary cutting process on the workpiece 4 is completed, the rotation of the spindle 43 is stopped and the rotation of the workpiece 4 is stopped. The other fixed-type tool post 11 to which the measurement sensor is attached finally measures the outer diameter of the workpiece 4. In the operation step, but adapted to gage the processed total number, it is not intended limited to this. These processings for the workpiece 4 may be performed by sampling the product,
When the cutting tool 6 is replaced and the lathe is stopped and then restarted for machining, the machining can be set to be stable. In addition, if a defective product is out of the limit, an alarm will be issued to each device, and the unloading device must take measures such as throwing the defective product into a waste box so that the defective product does not flow to the next process. Is.

Z of the carriage saddle moves quickly to the standby origin.
Move in the axial direction. Unloading device (not shown)
Moves down to the rotation center axis 14 of the workpiece 4, grips the workpiece 4, and then the chuck claw 12 of the headstock 2 releases the workpiece 4 and the center 13 of the tailstock 3 retracts. The unloading device moves the workpiece 4 to the chuck jaws 12 of the lathe.
The work 4 is pulled out from the inside, and the unloading device grips the work 4, raises and stops. As described above, this method of cutting a workpiece is carried out based on the command of the NC device according to the programmed procedure.

Since the cutting method using the comb-blade lathe is constructed as described above, the temperature of the oil supplied to various places does not rise immediately after the machine is in operation, and the machine is rather unstable. Since the machine is kept stable under the operation of the machine below, when high precision machining is required, the machine is warmed up before actual cutting and the machine is stabilized before the product machining is started. . By using the present invention, the warm-up operation can be shortened or omitted, which can contribute to the production amount per hour. Also, the blade is a consumable item, and will eventually be replaced, but apart from the unexpected situation such as breakage, even if the sharpness becomes dull in proportion to the passage of the cutting time, it remains as it is as long as it does not affect the accuracy of the product. It is used. Sharpness comes also changes the state of occurrence of taper if me slowed down, but the above-mentioned switching
In cutting machining method, in each case it has test measures the occurrence of taper individually, to prevent what would defective by performing the product individually corrected.

[0036]

Tool rest unit in comb-shaped lathe according to the present invention for <br/> achieve cutting how the workpiece according to the invention, as described above, the 2 groups on either side of the workpiece rotation axis the fixed turrets sliding tool rest and 2 group and tool rest base, Cartesian direction with respect to the rotation center axis of the workpiece in accordance with knives provided on the sliding tool rest in the depth of cut relative to the workpiece Since it is configured to be movable to the workpiece, after the workpiece is once subjected to the primary finishing machining, the depth of cut for the workpiece is detected, that is, the target depth of cut is determined from the information on the detected depth of cut. By changing and setting the machining conditions for secondary finishing in consideration of the allowance and taper amount, the desired depth of cut can be machined, and highly precise finishing can be achieved for the workpiece.

Further, in this tool post device, at least three or more tools and the detection device can be arranged, so that the machining range for the workpiece can be expanded. By using this tool post device, it is possible to secure highly accurate cylindricity and parallelism processing for a long work piece having a small diameter. The tool post device in the comb blade type lathe is provided with a sliding tool post and a fixed tool post that are arranged on the left and right, and the fixed tool post is provided with a detection device, that is, a workpiece outer diameter measuring device. Machining can be performed by automatically measuring and automatically correcting the workpiece by the controller, and after finishing the workpiece, the processing accuracy of the workpiece can be checked by actual measurement with a detection device. The reliability can be greatly improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a tool rest device in a comb blade type lathe according to the present invention.

2 is a right side view of the tool rest device of FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 3 is a left side view of the tool rest device of FIG. 1, in which the cylinder device is omitted.

4 is a front view of the tool post device showing the tool post device as viewed from the tailstock side of FIG. 1 and omitting the fixed tool post. FIG.

5 is a rear view of the tool rest device showing the tool rest device viewed from the headstock side in FIG. 1 and omitting the sliding tool rest. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a shaft-shaped workpiece for explaining a cutting method for the shaft-shaped workpiece.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of an axial work piece showing an example of a supported state in which the axial work piece is supported by a headstock and a tailstock.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a shaft-shaped workpiece showing another example of a supported state in which the shaft-shaped workpiece is supported by a headstock and a tailstock.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a shaft-shaped workpiece showing still another example of a supported state in which the shaft-shaped workpiece is supported by a headstock and a tailstock.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Tool post device 2 Headstock 3 tailstock 4 work pieces 6 cutlery 7 base 8 detector 9 Turret base 10 Sliding turret 11 Fixed turret 14 rotation center axis 22 Cylinder device (drive device) 23 Sliding table 40 rough surface 41 Primary finishing surface 42 Secondary finishing surface

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23Q 15/00-15/28 G05B 19/18-19/46 B24B 41/00-51/00 B23B 1 / 00-25/06

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A carriage that moves in a parallel direction along a rotation center axis of a shaft-shaped workpiece rotatably set between a headstock and a tailstock, and the workpiece on the carriage. A slide base that moves in a direction orthogonal to the rotation center axis of
A turret base fixed to the slide base, a slide type that is disposed directly on the turret base with the rotation center axis of the workpiece interposed therebetween and slides in the same direction as the moving direction of the slide base. A tool post, a fixed tool post that is arranged on the tool post base so as to face each other with the center axis of rotation of the workpiece interposed therebetween and that is arranged on the slide tool post and that can be arbitrarily changed in position. A detection device provided on a fixed tool post and detecting a cutting state of the workpiece, and the blade with respect to the rotation center axis of the workpiece in response to a detection value of the cutting state by the detecting device. A tool post device in a comb-blade lathe comprising a controller that corrects the depth of cut for the workpiece by changing the movement of the base in the orthogonal direction. 2. The slide type tool post is provided with a drive device for independently sliding the slide tool post to change the arrangement position arbitrarily, and the drive device is operated according to a command from the controller. A tool post device in the comb-blade lathe according to Item 1 . Wherein the fixed tool rest is a tool rest unit in the comb-shaped lathe according to claim 1 or 2 consists of the than sliding tool rests are disposed on the lathe headstock side.