JP3505203B2 - Combustion device for hydrogen production equipment for fuel cells - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus of a hydrogen production apparatus for a fuel cell in which hydrogen extracted from natural gas is guided to a fuel cell to generate power. . 2. Description of the Related Art As a combustion apparatus of a hydrogen production apparatus for a fuel cell, a hydrocarbon fuel such as methanol or natural gas is used as an initial heating source to heat a reactor.
The fuel is supplied to a burner, and combustion is performed by the burner to heat the reactor to a predetermined temperature. [0003] Generally, when hydrogen is extracted from hydrocarbons such as methanol and natural gas, the reaction is carried out by the action of a catalyst and the action of steam. In this case, the reaction is an endothermic reaction. I need to do it. Heat with a hydrocarbon fuel until this reaction can be started, and when the temperature of the reactor rises to the reaction start temperature, separately introduce a hydrocarbon fuel and steam into the reactor, and carry out the reforming reaction. Hydrogen is extracted from hydrocarbons. The hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell to start power generation. Since the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell is not consumed by 100% of the reaction, the hydrogen is discharged from the fuel cell as a gas containing hydrogen which is an unreacted gas. The gas containing hydrogen is used as a fuel for heating the reactor. However, when a gas containing a large amount of hydrogen is used as a fuel for heating the reactor as described above, this gas has a low calorie (eg, 1900).
2,500 Kcal / m ³ ), which is the high calorie (10) of natural gas of hydrocarbon fuel used for initial heating of the reactor.
It is impossible to use a fuel injection port of 000 to 12000 Kcal / m ³ ) in terms of calorific value. In addition, the fuel injection ports of this type have been separately arranged so far, so that the apparatus has been complicated. Also, when the apparatus was stopped, the fire was extinguished with a low calorie gas, so the fire extinguishing noise was loud. In view of the above circumstances, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by providing a low calorie nozzle and a high calorie nozzle at the fuel injection port to enable co-firing, thereby solving the above problem. The purpose is to provide. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a burner for heating a reactor and a burner provided in the burner.
Fuel injection unit and, of connection to the fuel injection unit for injecting a charge
A fuel supply unit for supplying fuel to the fuel ejection unit ;
Provided to the burner, and an air supply unit for supplying combustion air to the burner, provided the fuel injection unit, low Karoriga
And low calorie nozzle for ejecting a scan, provided in the fuel ejection part
A high-calorie nozzle for ejecting high-calorie gas, an independent fuel supply system connected to each nozzle and supplying low-calorie gas and high-calorie gas , respectively.
A hydrogen production apparatus for a fuel cell, comprising: a control valve provided in a fuel supply system and individually controlling each fuel supply system.
In the combustion device, the control valve controls the initial heating of the reactor so as to be burned by the high calorie gas, and when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature, the co-firing of the high calorie gas and the low calorie gas is performed. Control during fuel cell power generation so that it burns with low-calorie gas.
High calorie gas and low calorie gas when battery power generation is stopped
It is controlled so as to be a co-firing . [0008] As described above, since the fuel ejection section, the fuel supply section, and the air supply section are exposed to the burner, high burn-up after the air is blown during the initial heating of the reactor (reformer). Natural gas, which is a high calorie gas, is injected from the nozzle to burn the burner. When the temperature of the reactor reaches a certain temperature, natural gas and steam are flowed into the reactor separately from the natural gas for combustion to cause a reforming reaction to generate hydrogen, and the hydrogen is led to a fuel cell to generate predetermined power. . At this time, the burner burns a mixture of high calorie gas (natural gas) and low calorie gas (hydrogen gas) which is unreacted gas discharged from the fuel cell. Furthermore,
If the power generation progresses and the amount of low-calorie gas increases, the fuel of the burner is switched to only low-calorie gas (hydrogen gas). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a small household fuel cell system. Reference numeral 1 denotes a burner for heating a reactor (reformer) 2, and a fuel ejection section 3 is provided below the burner 1. are doing. The fuel ejection section 3 has a concentric double nozzle having a small calorie nozzle 4 for high calorie serving as natural gas and a large caliber nozzle 5 for low calorie serving as unreacted gas (hydrogen gas) located outside. It has a nozzle structure. The high calorie fuel supply system 6 and the low calorie fuel supply system 7 of the high calorie small diameter nozzle 4 and the low calorie large diameter nozzle 5 are independent pipes. Further, an air supply unit 9 for supplying combustion air from a blower 8 faces the burner 1, so that the burner 1 as a whole is a combustion device of a hydrogen production device for a fuel cell. Reference numeral 10 denotes a fuel passage for guiding natural gas, which is a hydrocarbon fuel, to the reactor 2 branched from the high-calorie fuel supply passage 6, and a steam pipe 12 is connected to an ejector section 11 provided in the middle of the fuel passage 10. Are connected. 13
Is a fuel cell connected to the reactor 2 for guiding the hydrogen gas generated in the reactor 2.
4 is connected, and one end of the fuel cell 13 is connected to the base end of the fuel supply line 7 for low calorie so as to discharge unreacted gas. . Reference numeral 15 denotes a control valve 1 provided in the high calorie fuel supply passage 6, reference numeral 16 denotes a control valve 2 provided in the fuel passage 10 branched from the fuel supply passage 6, and reference numeral 17 denotes a control valve provided in the steam pipe 12. The control valve 3 is a control valve 4 for allowing a purge gas to flow into the fuel passage 10. Reference numeral 19 denotes a switching valve provided in the high calorie fuel supply line 6. Reference numeral 20 denotes a steam water treatment apparatus, 21 denotes a CO converter, 22 denotes a steam tank, and 23 denotes a desulfurizer. Next, the operation will be described. First, the combustion state of the combustion apparatus will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 2. In the initial combustion for generating hydrogen gas from the reactor 2, the blower 8 is rotated. The combustion air is blown to the burner 1 and the igniter 24 is turned on to open the control valve 115 of the high calorie fuel supply line 6 to supply natural gas (LNG) a, which is a hydrocarbon fuel, to high calorie. It jets from the small-diameter nozzle 4 and ignites. Here, the temperature of the catalyst layer in the reactor 2 is 200 ° C.
When the above occurs, the steam control valve 3 is opened, steam (steam) b flows in, and the temperature of the catalyst layer becomes 500
When the temperature reaches ℃ or more, the control valve 2 of the fuel line 10
Is opened and natural gas a for fuel is introduced into the reactor 2. When the temperature of the reactor 2 reaches 700 ° C., the natural gas a and the steam b generate hydrogen gas c by a reforming reaction using a catalyst. [0013] Next, this hydrogen gas c is
The fuel is cooled to 00 ° C. and supplied to the fuel cell 13, and the reaction air is separately guided to the blower 25 to generate power by a predetermined reaction. However, when the hydrogen gas c led to the fuel cell 13 is 10
About 20% of hydrogen gas c is discharged as unreacted gas c without being consumed in 0% reaction. The unreacted gas (hydrogen gas) c is guided to the low calorie fuel supply path 7 and is ejected from the large calorie nozzle 5 for low calorie of the fuel ejection section 3. In this case, the unreacted gas c is a low-calorie gas, but has a flame port load that becomes a large-diameter nozzle 5 that ejects a large amount of gas from a small-diameter nozzle 4 of natural gas that becomes a high-calorie gas. , Unreacted gas c and natural gas a
Can be mixed. In this manner, the hydrogen gas discharged from the reactor 2 is guided to the fuel cell 13 to generate a predetermined power, and the hydrogen gas c, which is the unreacted gas discharged from the fuel cell 13, is sequentially reduced in diameter to a low calorie large diameter. When the cycle of returning to the nozzle 5 starts to rotate, the control valve 115 is closed, and the burner 1 starts burning only with the hydrogen gas c. When the power generation is stopped, the fire is extinguished by the unreacted gas c of the fuel cell 13 so that the fire extinguishing noise is loud. However, in the present invention, before the fuel supply to the reactor 2 is stopped, The natural gas a, which is a high calorie gas, is mixed with the unreacted gas c by opening the control valve 115 and mixing with the unreacted gas c, and then the fuel supply to the reactor 2 is stopped. Then, when it becomes a state of burning only with the natural gas a, the fuel supply of the natural gas a is stopped to extinguish the fire. In this case, the control valve 4 is opened and the purge gas which becomes the nitrogen gas is sent to the reactor 2 to be replaced to stop the catalytic reaction. Thereby, the fire extinguishing noise is reduced.
This is achieved by forming the high calorie nozzle 4 and the low calorie nozzle 5 in a double structure. As described above, the combustion apparatus of the hydrogen production apparatus for a fuel cell according to the present invention is provided with a low calorie nozzle and a high calorie nozzle at the burner fuel jetting section, and each fuel supply passage. Can be controlled independently, and the burner can be burned with high calorie gas, mixed combustion of high calorie gas and low calorie gas, and low calorie gas combustion, and economic fuel can be used. In addition, the fire extinguishing noise is reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hydrogen production apparatus for a fuel cell showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart. [Description of Signs] 1 Burner 2 Reactor 3 Combustion ejection section 4 Small caliber nozzle for high calorie 5 Large caliber nozzle for low calorie 6 High calorie fuel supply system 7 Low calorie fuel supply system 9 Air supply unit 15 control Valve 1 16 Control Valve 2

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01M 8/04 C01B 3/38 F23K 5/00 303 F23N 1/00 116

Claims (1)

(57) a burner for Patent Claims 1. A heating the reactor, provided in the burner, to eject the fuel at the burner
A fuel injection unit for being connected to the fuel injection unit, a fuel supply unit for supplying fuel to the fuel injection unit, provided in the burner, an air supply unit for supplying combustion air to the burner A low calorie nozzle that is provided in the fuel ejection section and ejects a low calorie gas; and a high calorie nozzle that is provided in the fuel ejection section and ejects a high calorie gas. , which is connected to each nozzle, separate fuel supply system for supplying said high-calorie gas and the low calorie gas
And a control valve provided in each of the fuel supply lines and individually controlling the fuel supply lines .
In the combustion apparatus of the hydrogen generating device, wherein the control valve, the initial heating of the reactor was controlled so that the combustion by the high calorific gas, the said high-calorie gas when it becomes higher than a predetermined temperature <br / > controlled to be mixed combustion of low-calorie gas, the during power generation of the fuel cell is controlled so that the combustion with the low-calorie gas, the at the time of stopping power generation of the fuel cell the high BTU gas before
A combustion device for a hydrogen production device for a fuel cell, wherein the combustion device is controlled so as to co-fire with the low-calorie gas .