JP3499986B2 - Multi-output switching power supply - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a multi-output switching power supply device, and more particularly to a multi-output switching power supply which can suppress a decrease in power efficiency when a part of output circuits is in a no-load state to obtain an energy saving effect. Regarding the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A primary DC power obtained by rectifying a primary DC power, for example, a commercial AC power with a diode bridge, is switched at high speed by a switching element and input to a primary winding of a transformer, and its secondary A switching power supply device that keeps the output voltage constant by rectifying and smoothing the AC power induced in the winding and outputting it as secondary DC power, and detecting the output voltage to control the switching duty ratio. (Hereinafter referred to as "switching regulator").

Such a switching regulator is
By increasing the switching frequency, despite the fact that a transformer is used, the whole is small and lightweight, and it has the advantages of high power efficiency (less loss) and less heat generation. By providing the secondary windings and rectifying and smoothing the secondary windings, DC powers having different voltages and polarities can be obtained.

Therefore, various voltages, polarities, such as a control unit having a small current capacity but requiring a constant voltage characteristic inside, a driving unit which does not require a constant voltage characteristic but a relatively large current flows when it operates, Many devices use a switching regulator as a power source of a device having a load having a different current capacity.

However, the switching regulator can certainly obtain a high power efficiency of about 80% at the rated load, but when it is used at a light load such as 1/2 or 1/3 of the rated power, the power efficiency is 50% or less. It often drops to. However, when it is used as a power source for a device, a continuous load such as a control unit generally has a small current capacity, and an intermittent load such as a drive unit has a large current capacity. Therefore, the efficiency is lowest when the device is in a standby state.

Due to severe electric power circumstances such as the fact that the power supply capacity is small with respect to the peak electric power demand recently, or environmental problems such as regulation of exhaust gas to prevent acid rain and regional warming, it has become worldwide. Improvements in power efficiency have become a top priority, as laws and regulations for energy conservation have been studied or implemented.

Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG.
The switching regulator 40 for the intermittent load and the switching regulator 41 for the continuous load are connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor C4 to which the next DC power is input, and SWC (which controls each switching element of the switching regulators 40, 41) is connected. Switching control circuit)
Of 42 and 43, the SWC 42 turns its action on or off according to a switch command input from the control unit of the device,
Some SWC43 were always on.

In this way, the continuous load such as the control section of the equipment connected to the switching regulator 41 always operates, the switching regulator 40 is normally off, and the intermittent load such as the connected drive section operates. High efficiency can be obtained because the two switching regulators 40 and 41 always operate at or close to the rated value by turning on by the switch command only when

[0009]

However, as shown in FIG.
The above-mentioned proposal requires at least two switching regulators, so that high-frequency noises due to switching interfere with each other to generate wide-band noise extending to a low frequency range, and the power supply device becomes large in size. , The cost will be greatly increased.

Therefore, since there is no merit unless the equipment of high power has a direct effect on the power rate (running cost) to improve the efficiency, the power supply of small and medium power equipment such as household equipment and office equipment. There is a problem that it is difficult to apply it to the device in terms of initial cost.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to suppress a decrease in power efficiency even when the load is lower than the rated load at a low cost.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention inputs primary DC power into a series circuit of a primary winding of a transformer and a switching element to turn on / off the switching element. A plurality of output circuits that output the secondary DC power obtained by rectifying and smoothing the AC power induced in the plurality of secondary windings of the transformer by the rectifying and smoothing means, and a feedback system that includes one of the plurality of output circuits. detects the output voltage as an output circuit, the multiple-output switching power supply unit having a switching control means for controlling the on and off of the switching element so as to hold a voltage detection voltage is set in advance, as follows Made
It is a thing.

[0013] In other words, the above Symbol multiple of the output circuit, the full
Feedback system output circuit including at least one continuous negative
Load output circuit and multiple intermittent load output circuits.
The same polarity among the output circuits for intermittent load.
Put each ground line of multiple output circuits together
A common line, and the secondary winding in the common line
Current between the rectifying and smoothing means
A switch element for cutting off is provided.

Further , the output circuit for the intermittent load has a positive output.
From multiple output circuits for negative output and multiple output circuits for negative output
, Multiple output circuits for positive output and multiple for negative output
For each output circuit of the above, each ground line is collectively set as a common line, and the secondary winding in the common line is used.
A switch element may be provided between the line and the rectifying / smoothing means for interrupting the current.

In the above-described multi-output switching power supply device, among the plurality of secondary windings of the transformer, the respective secondary windings of the plurality of output circuits sharing the common line are gathered and one end thereof is connected to the common line. One winding with an intermediate tap may be used.

[0016]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of a switching regulator which is a multi-output switching power supply device which is the basis of the present invention. The primary side of the transformer T1 of the switching regulator 1 shown in FIG.
A capacitor C1 for primary DC power connected between the positive and negative input terminals 15, a primary winding Np of a transformer T1 connected in parallel with the capacitor C1, and a transistor (may be FET) Q which is a switching element. And a series circuit of.

The secondary side of the transformer T1 is composed of four secondary windings Nsf, Nsa, Nsb and Nsc and a rectifying / smoothing circuit which is a rectifying / smoothing means connected to each secondary winding and is smoothed. Four output circuits ( f, a, b, respectively ) that output positive output f, output a, output b and negative output c
c ).

Of the four output circuits f, a, b and c, the output circuits f and a are for continuous load, the output circuits b and c are for intermittent load, and the secondary windings of the output circuits b and c are Nsb, N
Switches SWb and SWc, which are switch elements that are turned on / off according to a switch command, are provided on a ground line that connects sc to each rectifying / smoothing circuit. If the switch SW is provided, the ground lines of the respective output circuits are connected to each other downstream of the switch SW to form a common line.

S connecting the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer T1
The WC (switching control circuit) 16 detects the output voltage of the output circuit f, which is a feedback system output circuit, outputs a high frequency drive pulse having a pulse width corresponding to the detected voltage, and drives the transistor Q to output. The output voltage of the circuit f is controlled to be a preset voltage.

Since the transistor Q turns on / off the current flowing through the primary winding Np of the primary DC power input from the input terminal 15 and accumulated in the capacitor C1 in response to the drive pulse input from the SWC 16. , AC power of a voltage according to the winding ratio with the primary winding Np is induced in each secondary winding Ns of the transformer T1.

The configuration of each output circuit is, except for the presence / absence of the switch SW, the polarity, and the presence / absence of feedback, a secondary winding Ns and a rectifying / smoothing circuit as rectifying / smoothing means.
Rectifier diode D1, commutating diode D2 constituting the,
It is composed of a choke (coil) CH and a smoothing capacitor C, and they are the same as each other. Therefore, their operation will be described with respect to the output circuit a, for example.

When the transistor Q is on, the secondary winding Ns
The current of the AC power induced in a is rectified by the rectifier diode D1.
a and a choke CHa that constitutes a choke input type smoothing circuit
The smoothing capacitor Ca is charged via and. Part of the electric power stored in the choke CHa when the current rises is converted into magnetic energy and is converted back into electric power when the transistor Q is turned off, and the smoothing capacitor Ca is charged through the commutation diode D2a. To do.

The secondary DC power to charge the smoothing capacitor Ca is supplied to the positive of the connected continuous load to the output terminal as an output a. The same applies to the other output circuits f, b, and c.
However, the output circuit f, as a constant voltage output circuit, maintains the constant voltage even if the input voltage or the output current fluctuates, but the other output circuits a, b, c output the output current if it fluctuates. It is a quasi-constant voltage output circuit that is affected by voltage.

The output circuits b and c for intermittent load, which are provided with the switches SWb and SWc which are turned on / off in response to a switch command, are shown in FIG. 1 to be turned on / off at the same time by the same switch command, but not necessarily at the same time. need not be turned on and off, it is needless to say better to turn on and off by a switch instruction to enter at different timings in accordance with the operation of the intermittent load connected rather respectively.

The switch SWb, SWc will always is off, when the intermittent load connected to the output circuits b and c is operated, turns on the switch instruction input from the immediately preceding to the termination operation, respectively output b and The output c is supplied to the load.

Therefore, the switching regulator 1
Since the switches SWb and SWc of the output circuits b and c are always off, for example, in the standby state, the switching regulator 1 only supplies the load circuits with the output circuits f and a, and the SWC 16 outputs the drive pulse. Drive the transistor Q.

When the intermittent loads respectively connected to the output circuits b and c are activated, the switches SWb and SWc are turned on and the output circuits b and c are activated by a switch command input from immediately before to the end of the operation. To supply power to each load. SWC16 the output circuit f and a output circuit b and c are applied controlled power supplied
Do.

Therefore, the switching regulator 1
Operates according to the total supplied power, and unnecessary power is not supplied to unnecessary output circuits, so loss is minimized and power efficiency is prevented from decreasing even when the load is lower than the rated load. Can be done. Moreover, since only two switches SWb and SWc are added to the conventional switching regulator, the cost increase does not become a problem.

Looking only at FIG. 1, the switches SWb, SWc
Even in the conventional switching regulator not provided with the above, since the power supply is zero when the load does not operate, the loss may be about the leak current of the smoothing capacitors Cb and Cc, which may seem to be less effective.

However, in general, when the load is zero,
The output voltage of the rectifying and smoothing circuit rises rapidly and becomes unstable. For this reason, a bleeder resistor that constantly flows a current of about 1/5 to 1/10 of the rated load is connected between the output terminals to prevent the load from becoming zero, thereby preventing the output voltage from rising and becoming unstable.

However, in the switching regulator 1 shown in FIG. 1, continuous loads are connected to the output circuits f and a, and the connected intermittent loads are operating when the output circuits b and c are active. Neither output circuit is in a zero load state when active. for that reason,
As shown, the bleeder resistance is omitted from all the output terminals.

In general, for equipment with intermittent load,
In many cases, the standby time is much longer than the operating time,
Since the dummy load of about 1/5 to 1/10 of the rated load due to the bleeder resistance is not required, the effect of saving unnecessary power consumption is extremely large.

[0033] FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a first embodiment of a switching regulator structure of the present invention. In the switching regulator 2 shown in FIG. 2, the ground lines of the output circuits a, b, and c of the same polarity (positive) to which the intermittent loads are connected are collectively set as a common line, and the secondary winding Nsa of the common line is formed. Rectifying smoothing
A common switch SW for each output circuit is provided between the output circuit and the circuit.

In addition, since the output voltage of the output circuit c changes from negative to positive, the polarities of the secondary winding Nsc, the rectifying diode D1c, the commutation diode D2c, and the smoothing capacitor Cc are reversed. Yes, other than that is the same as the switching regulator 1 shown in FIG.
The same parts are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

The switching regulator 2 is suitable for a device in which only a control unit, which is a continuous load connected to the output circuit f, operates during standby, and an operator turns on a startup switch (not shown) only when the switching regulator 2 is used. A switch command is input according to the switch to turn on the common switch SW. In this case, since the output circuits a, b, and c become active at the same time, only the output circuit connected to the intermittent load that operates intermittently during the period when the start switch is ON is active or non-active in synchronization with the load. It is impossible to

However, such an intermittent load is connected to the output circuit in combination with a load which becomes a continuous load at the time of start-up, or if there is no continuous load to be combined in the relation of voltage etc., between the output terminals of the output circuit. If a bleeder resistor is provided, the load does not go to zero. Thus, even if some loss occurs due to the provision of the bleeder resistance, it is only during the start-up switch is ON, and the loss due to the bleeder resistance does not occur during a longer standby time.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the switching regulator 2 shown in FIG. The switching regulator 3 shown in FIG. 3 includes not only the switch SW but also the rectifying diodes D1a, D1b, and D1c of each output circuit in the switching regulator 2 together.
The common rectifier diode D1 is replaced by the common rectifier diode D1.

Like the switching regulator 3, by combining the ground lines of the output circuits of the same polarity as a common line, the operation and effect are the same as those of the switching regulator 2 even if they are combined into one rectifying diode D1. Moreover, the cost can be reduced and the configuration can be simplified. The switch SW on the common line
There is no problem even if the arrangement of the rectifying diode D1 and the rectifying diode D1 is reversed.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing another modification of the switching regulator 2 shown in FIG. The switching regulator 4 shown in FIG. 4 has a secondary winding Ns instead of the transformer T1 in which the secondary windings Nsa, Nsb, and Nsc used in the switching regulator 2 are independent of each other.
The transformer T2 in which a ', Nsb' and Nsc 'are internally connected in series is used, and the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

Needless to say, the number of turns of the secondary winding of the transformer T2 is set so that the output voltage when connected in series becomes the output voltage output by each independent winding of the transformer T1. The thickness of the line is also changed.

When the ground lines of the output circuits of the same polarity are put together into a common line, a transformer T2 having secondary windings connected in series can be used to simplify the circuit on the board without changing the action and effect. You can also Further, the switching regulator 4, like the switching regulator 3, can have a single rectifier diode.

FIGS. 5 to 7 are circuit diagrams showing still other modifications of the switching regulator 2 shown in FIG. The switching regulators 5 to 7 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 are examples in which the positive output voltages of the switching regulators 2 to 4 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 are negative.

Since the polarity of the output voltage is reversed,
The secondary winding Ns or Ns' and the rectifier diode D1, the commutation diode D2, and the smoothing capacitor C have the opposite polarities, and the action and effect thereof are the same as those of the switching regulators 2 to 4, respectively. Are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 respectively show the second aspect of the present invention .
2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a configuration of a switching regulator that is an embodiment of FIG. Each of the switching regulators 8 and 9 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is a positive and negative output switch SWp and SWn provided by combining two positive and negative output circuits except the output circuit f. The other same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

The difference between the switching regulator 8 and the switching regulator 9 is that the switching regulator 2 (FIG. 2) and the switching regulator 4 (FIG. 4).
As in the case of, the transformer T with the secondary windings independent of each other
3 or a transformer T with secondary windings connected in series
4 is used, the switching regulator 8 will be described and the description of the switching regulator 9 will be omitted.

The switching regulator 8 has a positive feedback system output circuit f, two positive output circuits a and b, and two negative output circuits c and d, and five transformers T3 are provided corresponding to each. Secondary windings N independent of each other
sf, Nsa, Nsb, Nsc, Nsd are provided.

Among these secondary windings, the ground lines of the secondary windings Nsa and Nsb of the positive output circuits a and b and the ground lines of the secondary windings Nsc and Nsd of the negative output circuits c and d. Are connected to each other common line
And the ground of each secondary winding in each common line
Respectively between the connecting point of the line and the respective rectifying and smoothing circuit, and a switch SWp for positive output to turn on and off according to the switch instruction and the switch SWn for the negative output is connected in series.

FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram for explaining the effect of arranging only the output circuits having the same polarity as described above and independently providing the switches for the positive output and the switch for the negative output, respectively. A) and (B) respectively show a case where positive and negative switches are provided independently and a case where they are common. To simplify the drawing, the rectifying / smoothing circuit is shown as a half-wave rectifying / capacitor input type circuit.

FIGS. 10A and 10B respectively show the secondary winding Ns of the transformer (shown with the primary side omitted).
p, Nsn, rectifying diodes Dp, Dn, and smoothing capacitors Cp, Cn
The ground lines of both output circuits have a common terminal COM
And supplies positive and negative outputs to the loads Rp and Rn, respectively.

Hereinafter, the circuits shown in (A) and (B) of FIG. 10 are referred to as (A) circuit and (B) circuit, respectively. The difference between the two circuits is that the (A) circuit is the secondary winding Nsp, Nsn
Switches SWp and SWn on each ground line of
Is provided and is connected to the common terminal COM all together at the downstream side, whereas the circuit (B) has secondary windings Nsp and Ns.
After collecting the ground lines of n into a common line,
The common switch SW is provided. That is,
The circuit (B) turns on / off an output circuit having different polarities with a single switch SW.

In the circuits (A) and (B), while the switches SWp, SWn, and SW are on, there is no problem, respectively, and continuous loads Rp, R such as bleeder resistors, respectively.
DC power is supplied to n. (A) Circuit is switch S
When Wp and SWn are turned off, smoothing capacitors Cp and C
When the positive and negative electric powers charged in n are discharged by the loads Rp and Rn, respectively, no more current flows.

However, the circuit (B) is a switch SW.
Even when is turned off, the electric power induced in the series circuit of the secondary windings Nsp and Nsn is rectified by the rectifier diodes Dp and Dn to charge the series circuit of the smoothing capacitors Cp and Cn, and the load Rp and Rn Since the DC power is continuously supplied to the series circuit, the common switch SW has no use at all.

That is, in the switching regulators 8 and 9 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the output circuits having the same polarity are collectively provided with the switch SWp or SWn, so that the respective switches effectively operate. Also, even if the switch SWp or SWn is turned on / off at independent timings, no trouble occurs.
It is clear from the circuit (A) shown in FIG.

Further, in the switching regulator 8 or 9, when the operation timings of the loads connected to the output circuits a and b or the output circuits c and d are different from each other, the switch SWp or SWn is divided into separate switches. However, as long as the output circuits have the same polarity, controlling three or more output circuits with a single switch has no problem as shown in the switching regulators 2 to 7.

11 and 12 are circuit diagrams each showing an example of a configuration in which the present invention is applied to a switching regulator in which the rectifying / smoothing circuit on the secondary side of the transformer is a half-wave rectifying / capacitor input type circuit. Therefore, the same parts are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

The switching regulators 10 and 11 shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 have output circuits a, b, and c.
Of the output circuits f, a, b, and c are the same except that the output voltages of FIG.
0 is the same as the switching regulators 2 and 5 shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, except that the circuit is a half-wave rectification / capacitor input type circuit consisting only of a rectification diode and a smoothing capacitor as shown in FIG. The description is omitted.

The switching regulator 1 described above
11 to 11, the switches SW, SWb, SWc, SWp, and SWn, which are the respective switch elements, are shown by the symbols of mechanical switches. However, since the directions of the currents flowing through the switches are constant, it is easy to use, for example, transistors. Needless to say, it can be replaced with a semiconductor switch such as a FET.

[0058]

As described above, the multi-output switching power supply device according to the present invention is low in cost and suppresses a decrease in power efficiency even when the load is lower than the rated load, and an energy saving effect is obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a configuration of a switching regulator which is a multi-output switching power supply device which is a basis of the present invention.

2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a first embodiment of a switching regulator structure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the switching regulator shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing another modification of the switching regulator shown in FIG.

5 is a circuit diagram showing still another modification of the switching regulator shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing still another modification of the switching regulator shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing still another modification of the switching regulator shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a configuration of a switching regulator that is a second embodiment of the present invention.

9 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the switching regulator shown in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram for explaining the effect of the switching regulator shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing still another modification of the switching regulator shown in FIG.

12 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the switching regulator shown in FIG.

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a conventional example of a multi-output switching power supply device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1-11: Switching regulator (multi-output switching power supply device) 16: SWC (switching control circuit; switching control means) C, Cf, Ca-Cd: Smoothing capacitor (secondary side) C1: Capacitor (for primary DC power) CH, CHf, CHa to CHd: Chokes D1, D1f, D1a to D1d: Rectifying diodes D2, D2f, D2a to D2d: Commutation diode Np: Primary windings Ns, Nsf, Nsa to Nsd: Secondary winding Q: Transistors (switching elements) SW, SWb, SWc, SWp, SWn: Switches (switch elements) T1 to T4: Transformers

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H02M 3/28

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A primary DC power is input to a series circuit of a primary winding of a transformer and a switching element, and is induced in a plurality of secondary windings of the transformer by turning on / off the switching element. A plurality of output circuits that output the secondary DC power obtained by rectifying and smoothing the AC power by the rectifying and smoothing means, and one of the plurality of output circuits is used as a feedback system output circuit to detect the output voltage and detect the detected voltage. In a multi-output switching power supply device comprising a switching control means for controlling ON / OFF of the switching element so as to hold a preset voltage, the plurality of output circuits are the feedback system output circuits.
An output circuit for at least one continuous load including a plurality of
It is composed of an output circuit for intermittent loads, and has the same polarity among the output circuits for intermittent loads.
Common to each ground line of multiple output circuits
And line, between the rectifying and smoothing means and the secondary winding in the common line, multiple-output switching power supply device being characterized in that a switch element for interrupting the current through the switch instruction. 2. The multi-output switching power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the output circuit for the intermittent load is a plurality of output circuits for positive output.
And multiple output circuits for negative output, multiple output circuits for positive output and multiple outputs for negative output
For each circuit, each ground line is grouped together as a common line, and the secondary winding in each common line
A multi-output switching power supply device, characterized in that a switch element for interrupting the current is provided between the rectifying and smoothing means . 3. The multi-output switching power supply device according to claim 1 , wherein among the plurality of secondary windings of the transformer, each secondary winding of the plurality of output circuits sharing the common line is A multi-output switching power supply device, which is one winding with an intermediate tap, one end of which is connected to the common line.