JP3495077B2 - Roller bearings, tapered roller bearings and spherical roller bearings - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a roller bearing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a bearing used for a drive unit of a railway vehicle, a transmission of an automobile or an airplane, etc., when a failure occurs immediately after the start of operation or when a refueling unit is in a non-lubricated state. Lubricates only with the lubricating oil held inside the bearing. In this case, if the amount of lubricating oil is small, seizure of the bearing may occur in a short time, and the bearing may not rotate. Especially for roller bearings such as tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings and spherical roller bearings,
The seizure is likely to occur because the rollers and the collar portion of the bearing ring make sliding contact.

Therefore, in order to prolong the time until seizure, it is considered preferable to retain more lubricating oil inside the bearing. Conventionally, actual development 56-13
As disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1021), there is one in which an oil collecting hole that is concentric with the roller axis is formed on the end surface of the tapered roller on the large end side. Since it will jump out of the oil, it is difficult for oil to accumulate in the oil sump hole.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a cylindrical roller bearing, a tapered roller bearing, and a self-aligning roller which are capable of reliably storing a lubricant such as lubricating oil or grease even in a non-lubricated state and which are excellent in seizure resistance. To provide roller bearings such as bearings.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, a roller bearing according to a first aspect of the present invention is an inner ring, an outer ring, and raceways formed so as to be inclined with respect to rotation axes of the inner ring and the outer ring, respectively. In a roller bearing having a surface and a plurality of rollers arranged between the inner and outer rings, the roller bearing extends from the end surface of the roller in at least one direction of a direction along the axis of the roller and a direction parallel to the axis. , Works as a lubricant along with the revolution of the roller
It is characterized in that at least one recess for storing a lubricant is formed in which the lubricant is stored by centrifugal force .

The roller bearing of the invention according to claim 2 is
In a roller bearing having an inner ring, an outer ring, and a plurality of rollers arranged between the inner and outer rings, at least one lubrication extending from at least one end surface of the roller in a direction intersecting a surface including the axis of the roller. It is characterized in that a recess for storing the agent is formed. In addition, the invention of claim 3
The filter bearing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lubricant is lubricated.
It is characterized by being oil or grease. Further, the tapered roller bearing of the invention according to claim 4, claim 1,
The roller of the roller bearing described in 2 or 3 is constituted by a tapered roller, and the recess is provided on the end surface on the small diameter side of the roller .

Moreover, self-aligning roller bearing of the invention according to claim 5, claim 1, 2 or 3 the inner ring and one of the raceway surface of the outer ring of the roller bearing according to a spherical surface, drum type and the rollers It is characterized in that it has one of the shapes of a drum.

[0008]

According to the structure of the invention according to claim 1, the roller
Since the recess is formed so as to extend from the end face of the roller in a direction along the axis of the roller or in parallel therewith, the lubricant is accumulated in the recess by the centrifugal force acting on the lubricant along with the revolution of the roller. When the temperature in the bearing become oil-free state comes to rise, this oil Jun lubricant evaporates along with the lubricating oil flows out from the recess, the baking of the bearing contributes to the lubrication Can be prevented. On the other hand, even when rotating from the stationary state, the oil component is accumulated in at least half of the rollers due to the action of gravity, so that the lubricating component retained in the bearing is larger than in the case where there is no recess.

According to the configuration of the invention according to claim 2,
Since the concave portion extending from the end surface of the roller in the direction intersecting the surface including the axis of the roller is formed, the lubricant is accumulated in the concave portion by the centrifugal force acting on the lubricant as the roller rotates. When the temperature inside the bearing rises due to the non-lubrication state, the lubricant evaporates along with this and the lubricating oil flows out from the recess, contributing to lubrication and preventing seizure of the bearing. be able to.

According to the configuration of the invention of claim 3 above,
The lubricant may be grease or lubricating oil.
The same effect is obtained. According to the configuration of the invention according to the above-mentioned claim 4 , a tapered roller bearing excellent in seizure resistance capable of allowing the lubricant accumulated in the recess to flow out without oil supply and preventing seizure of the bearing is provided. can do. According to the configuration of the invention according to the fifth aspect , the lubricant accumulated in the recess can be made to flow out without oil supply,
It is possible to provide a spherical roller bearing having excellent seizure resistance capable of preventing seizure of the bearing.

[0011]

Embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings showing embodiments. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the tapered roller bearing which shows the 1st Example of this invention of FIG. Referring to the figure, this tapered roller bearing has an outer ring 10, an inner ring 20, an outer ring 10 and an inner ring 2
A plurality of tapered rollers 30 held by a cage 40 are provided between the respective 0 raceway surfaces 10a, 20a.

The raceway surface 10a of the outer ring 10 is a conical surface centered on the rotation axis W, and the generatrix of the raceway surface 10a intersects the rotation axis W at a predetermined angle. Similarly, the raceway surface 20a of the inner ring 20 is a conical surface centered on the rotation axis W, and the generatrix of the raceway surface 20a intersects the rotation axis W at a predetermined angle. The inner ring 20 has three tapered rollers 3
A pair of flanges 20b and 20c are formed in sliding contact with the small-diameter side end surface 30a and the large-diameter side end surface 30b, respectively. The small diameter of the small-diameter side end surface 30a means that the revolution radius is smaller than the other large-diameter side end surface 30b, but the small-diameter side end surface 3 is naturally the tapered roller 30.
The diameter of 0a is also smaller than the diameter of the other large-diameter side end surface 30b.

The cage 40 has an annular disc portion 40a and a conical portion 4 extending obliquely outward from the outer peripheral edge of the disc portion 40a.
0b, and a plurality of tapered roller holding holes 40c are formed on the circumference of the conical portion 40b at equal intervals. The conical portion 40b is preferably formed to be larger than P, C and D of the tapered roller 30. This facilitates the supply of the lubricating oil by guiding the disc portion 40a into the recess 30c.

A concave portion 30b for storing a lubricant is formed on the small-diameter side end surface 30a of the tapered roller 30. This recess 30
b is a circular hole with a predetermined depth that extends toward the large end along the axis C of the tapered roller 30. According to this embodiment, the tapered roller 3
Since the concave portion 30c extending from the small-diameter side end surface 30a along the axis C of the tapered roller 30 is formed, the lubricating oil is accumulated in the concave portion 30c by the centrifugal force acting on the lubricating oil along with the revolution of the roller. Then, when the oil-free state is reached and the temperature inside the bearing rises, along with this, the lubricating oil evaporates from the concave portion 30c, and the raceway surfaces 10a, 20a and the collar portion 20.
The seizure inside the bearing can be prevented by contributing to lubrication at b and 20c.

Test Example of a tapered roller bearing similar to the example of FIG. 1 (inner ring inner diameter 50 mm, outer ring outer diameter 80 mm, width 20 mm)
And a comparative example which is different from this tapered roller bearing only in that the concave portion 30c is not provided.
0kgf, radial load 800kgf, rotation speed 240
A seizure test was performed under a test condition of 0 rpm, and the relationship between the rotation time and the bearing temperature was obtained. As a result, the results shown in FIG. 2 were obtained. As shown in FIG. 2, in the comparative example, only 6.5
In the test example, it took 23 minutes for the bearing temperature to reach 200 ° C., and it was proved that the seizure resistance was excellent. Further, the reason why the temperature change curve of the test example is wavy is considered to be because the cycle in which the evaporated lubricating oil component is supplied when the temperature rises and the temperature falls is repeated.

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. Referring to the figure, the present embodiment is different from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that the recess 30c is a circular hole in the embodiment of FIG. 1, whereas the recess 30d is deeper in the embodiment. Therefore, it consists of an expanded tapered hole. According to the present embodiment, in addition to achieving the same effect as the embodiment of FIG. 1, the lubricating oil is likely to collect at the back side of the recess 30d,
Moreover, the amount of lubricating oil that can be stored can be increased,
Better seizure resistance can be obtained.

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. Referring to the figure, this embodiment is different from the embodiment of FIG. 3 in that the diameter of the hole forming the recess 30d is gradually increased in the embodiment of FIG. 30e
Is a two-stage circular hole whose diameter is gradually increased. Also in this embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same effects as the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Referring to the figure, this embodiment is different from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that the inner surface of the recess 30c is a flat surface in the embodiment of FIG. That is, it is formed in a wavy shape that undulates in a direction intersecting with the axis C. Also in this embodiment, the same effects as those of the embodiment of FIG. 1 can be obtained, and in addition, the corrugated inner surface of the recess 30f facilitates holding the lubricating oil in the recess 30f. Note that the same effect can be obtained by roughening the inner surface of the recess 30f.

FIGS. 6A and 6B show a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Referring to the figure, the present embodiment differs from the shaft of FIG. 1 in that the embodiment of FIG. 1 is provided with a single recess 30a formed of a circular hole having a relatively large diameter. In this embodiment, the recesses 30g and 30h are formed by a plurality of circular holes having a relatively small diameter. The recess 30g has an axis C
The remaining recesses 30h are parallel to the axis C and are evenly arranged on the circumference centered on the axis C. In this embodiment as well, the same operational effects as the embodiment of FIG. 1 can be obtained, and in addition, there is an advantage that the rigidity of the rollers can be compared and maintained.

FIG. 7 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Referring to the figure, the present embodiment is different from the embodiment of FIG. 1 in that in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the recess 30c is a circular hole and the inner bottom surface of the recess 30c is a flat surface. In this embodiment, the recess 30i is formed of a shallow tapered hole that is gradually narrowed as it goes deeper so that it can be formed by forging such as pressing once, and the inner bottom surface is also spherical. Is. In this embodiment, since the concave portion 30i has a shallow taper shape, the same effect as that of the embodiment of FIG. 1 can be obtained, and moreover, it can be formed by forging once.
Manufacturing costs can be reduced.

In each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the concave portions 30c to 30 are formed by utilizing the centrifugal force generated by the revolution of the tapered roller 30.
It was intended to store the lubricating oil in i. On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIGS.
It is intended to retain the lubricating oil by utilizing the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the. First, in the embodiment of FIG. 8, the recesses 30j are formed along a pair of planes D and E that are parallel to each other with the axis C interposed therebetween. Each recess 30j has a tapered roller 3
It is composed of a circular hole having a predetermined depth and opening to the end face 30a on the small diameter side of 0. The opening portion of each recess 30j to the small diameter side end surface 30a is
It is located symmetrically with respect to the axis C. When viewed from a direction orthogonal to the planes D and E, the recesses 30j formed of circular holes intersect the axis C in the opposite directions. That is, the plane F including the axis C and orthogonal to the two planes D and E intersects the recess 30j formed of a circular hole.

According to the present embodiment, the lubricating oil which has been subjected to the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the tapered roller 30 is stored in the concave portion 30j formed by the circular hole intersecting the plane F including the axis C, so that there is no oil supply. When the temperature inside the bearing rises, the lubricating oil component evaporates accordingly, and the lubricating oil component flows out from the recess 30j, contributing to lubrication and preventing seizure inside the bearing.

The embodiment of FIG. 9 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 8 in that the recess 30j is included in planes D and E parallel to the axis C in the embodiment of FIG. In this embodiment, the recess 30k is included in the planes G and H including the axis C. The recess 30k is composed of a plurality of circular holes that open in the central portion (the portion near the axis C) of the small-diameter side end surface of the tapered roller 30 and extend radially. Also in this embodiment, the same operational effects as the embodiment of FIG. 8 are obtained. In the case of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the recesses 30j and 30k are also provided on the large-diameter side end surface 30b of the roller 30. In this case, the oil reservoir characteristic is further increased.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but as shown in FIG. 10, the inner and outer rings 10 and 20 are provided with concave spherical orbits 10d and 20d, and the drum-shaped roller 31 is formed. The present invention can be applied to a self-aligning roller bearing. Reference numeral 31a is a roller recess of the present invention. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the raceway 10 is connected to the inner and outer rings 10, 20.
d and 20d are formed and cylindrical rollers 32 are formed.
The present invention can also be applied to a cylindrical roller bearing having recesses 32a as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the present invention can be applied to a self-aligning roller bearing in which a raceway surface 20e formed of a convex spherical surface is formed in the inner ring 20 and the roller is a drum roller 31. In this embodiment, a double row type is shown. Outer ring 10
Has a raceway surface 10a sandwiching the collar portion 11, and a gear 12 is formed on the outer circumference. The raceway surface 10a is formed by the inner peripheral side surface of the ring. The inner ring 20 has a through hole 22 for supplying grease. The cage 41 has an annular base portion 41a and a columnar portion 41a that is located between the hourglass rollers 31 and regulates the distance between the hourglass rollers 31.

In each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the concave portions 30c to 30k of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 9 are formed on the drum-shaped or drum-shaped roller 31 (the embodiment of FIG. 10). Then, by forming the concave portion 30c), it is possible to provide a self-aligning roller bearing having excellent seizure resistance. In each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the small diameter side end face 30a also means that the revolution radius is smaller than the other large diameter side end face 30b.

Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 11 described above, the recesses 30j, 30k of the embodiments shown in FIGS.
Can be applied. Incidentally, in the above embodiments, as the lubricant, but same effect even lubricating oil even grease is obtained, a pre-filled recess 30c so greases are semi-solid You need to do it.

Further, in the present invention, when the lubricant is stored in the concave portion by using the rotation, it is not necessary that the axis of the roller intersects with the rotation axis of the inner and outer rings, and it is parallel to the rotation axis. Is also good.

[0028]

According to the invention of claim 1, the roller
Since the concave portion extending from the end surface of the roller in the direction along the axis of the roller is formed, the lubricating oil or the like is stored in the concave portion by the centrifugal force acting on the lubricating oil or the like along with the revolution of the roller. When the oil-free state is reached and the temperature inside the bearing rises, the lubricating oil content in the recess evaporates or directly flows out from the recess in liquid form. Lubricating oil that has flowed out or evaporated to form a mist can contribute to lubrication, prevent seizure of the bearing, and improve seizure resistance.

According to the second aspect of the invention, since the concave portion extending from at least one end surface of the roller in the direction intersecting with the axis of the roller is formed, centrifugal force acting on the lubricating oil or the like due to rotation of the roller is formed. Lubricating oil or the like is stored in the recess.
When the oil-free state is reached and the temperature inside the bearing rises, the lubricating oil component in the recess evaporates or directly flows out of the recess in liquid form. With the lubricating oil that has flowed out, the seizure resistance can be improved even in the oil-free state.

According to the invention of claim 3, the lubricant is
As a result, grease or lubricating oil can be used to achieve the same effect.
can do. According to the invention of claim 4 ,
It is possible to vaporize the lubricating oil and the like accumulated in the recesses without oil supply or to directly flow out in a liquid state, and it is possible to provide a tapered roller bearing having excellent seizure resistance of the bearing.
According to the invention of claim 5 , it is possible to vaporize the lubricating oil or the like accumulated in the recess without oil supply or to directly flow out in a liquid state, and the spherical roller bearing is excellent in seizure resistance of the bearing. Can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a tapered roller bearing according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a result of a comparison test of seizure resistance performance between a test example having the same specifications as those of the first embodiment and a comparative example, showing a relationship between a rotation time and a bearing temperature.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a tapered roller of a tapered roller bearing according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a tapered roller of a tapered roller bearing according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a tapered roller of a tapered roller bearing according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows a tapered roller of a tapered roller bearing according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a side view of the tapered roller showing a small diameter side end face, and (b) is a longitudinal sectional view.

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a tapered roller of a tapered roller bearing according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows a tapered roller of a tapered roller bearing according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a side view of the tapered roller showing a small diameter side end face, and (b) is a front view.

FIG. 9 shows a tapered roller of a tapered roller bearing according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a side view of a small diameter side end face,
(B) is a longitudinal sectional view.

FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view of a spherical roller bearing according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional view of a cylindrical roller bearing according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a vertical sectional view of a self-aligning roller bearing according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 outer ring 10a Orbital surface 20 inner ring 20a orbital plane W rotation axis 30 tapered rollers 30a Small diameter end face C axis 30c to 30k recess 31 drum type 31 drum type 31a Small diameter end face

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-7-145818 (JP, A) Actual flat 2-114732 (JP, U) Actual flat 7-14222 (JP, U) Actual flat 7- 8629 (JP, U) S. 50-23693 (JP, Y1) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F16C 19/00-19/56 F16C 33/30-33/66

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A roller bearing having an inner ring, an outer ring, raceways formed to be inclined with respect to the rotation axes of the inner ring and the outer ring, and a plurality of rollers arranged between the inner and outer rings. , Extending from the end surface of the roller in at least one of a direction along the axis of the roller and a direction parallel to the axis ,
A roller bearing characterized in that at least one recess for storing a lubricant is formed so that the lubricant can be stored by a centrifugal force acting on the lubricant along with the revolution . 2. A roller bearing having an inner ring, an outer ring, and a plurality of rollers arranged between the inner and outer rings, in a direction intersecting at least one end surface of the roller with a surface including the axis of the roller. A roller bearing, wherein at least one recess for storing a lubricant is formed to extend. 3. The contract wherein the lubricant is lubricating oil or grease
The roller bearing according to claim 1 or 2 . 4. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the roller roller bearing
Is a tapered roller, and the recess is the end surface of the roller on the small diameter side
A tapered roller bearing characterized in that it is provided in the . 5. The inner ring of the roller bearing according to claim 1, 2 or 3.
Make either one of the outer ring and the outer ring a spherical surface, and roll the drum
Automatic, characterized by being shaped like a mold or a drum
Spherical roller bearing.