JP3464708B2 - Caisson installation method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

The present invention relates to a caisson used for a breakwater, a seawall, etc. on a rubble mound or the seabed that has been created in advance, and can be easily used even in a high sea area.
The present invention also relates to a caisson installation method and device for surely sinking.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the following three methods are generally known as methods for installing caisson used for breakwaters and seawalls. First, there is an installation method by a hoist system in which a caisson is hoisted by a hoist ship, the caisson is positioned by manipulating the hoist ship, and the caisson is bottomed and installed by lowering the hoist.

In this case, the caisson is not laid down by pouring water into the caisson, but by hoisting down the hoist. Therefore, in a calm sea area, when the position after landing deviates from the predetermined position, the hoist is moved. It has the advantage that it can be easily redone by winding up and down. However, in a place where the wave condition is severe, the hoisting ship sways significantly, so that the swaying of the caisson suspended therein becomes extremely large, and as a result, the position of the caisson cannot be controlled by the hoisting ship.

[0004] Therefore, generally, while the caisson is more swaying than when it is floating alone, the anchoring work is indispensable for positioning the hoist ship, but there is a possibility that this work may be hindered. There's a problem. Next, there is a method by a tugboat method of positioning a caisson by using a plurality of tugboats and a winch mounted on a caisson or on another pontoon, and injecting water into the caisson to set it down.

In this case, the position of the caisson is controlled by a winch via a wire between a plurality of tugs and an existing caisson. However, it is difficult to cooperate between the tugs or to operate a tugboat and operate a wire by the winch. Furthermore, in high waves, the tugboat also sways significantly, which makes positioning the caisson extremely difficult. Also, with this method, the wire length is generally not very long, so
There is a high risk of cutting the wire, and for these reasons, this method requires measures such as increasing the wire diameter and towing horsepower.
There was a problem that it was not possible to deal with the installation work during high waves.

Further, an anchor or sinker is installed on the sea floor, and a mooring line such as a wire is taken from the anchor or sinker to operate a winch mounted on the caisson or another pontoon for positioning, and water is poured into the caisson. An installation method using an anchor wire method of sunk is also known. In this anchor wire method, the caisson is moored and positioned by four or more mooring lines, so if the mooring line is designed properly, there is no concern about cutting the mooring line and the winch can be centrally controlled. Therefore, the positioning work may be rationalized.

However, in this method, it is necessary to install the anchor or sinker prior to the caisson installation, and the installation work also requires that the sea area be calm to some extent. There is a problem that there is a risk of missing an opportunity. As above, the problems of each of the three conventional methods when applied to the sea area where the wave conditions are severe have been explained. Problems are also pointed out.

Further, in these conventional installation methods, it is necessary to arrange a large number of workers on the caisson for the work of connecting wires, operating the pouring / draining pump and the winch, and the high waves Underneath, the caisson will sway so much that it may not be possible to tie wires together, or sea sickness or prolonged tension may hinder the work.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, does not require a large-scale work boat or equipment, and ensures the safety of caisson installation and the work limit wave height. It is an object of the present invention to provide a caisson installation method and device that can be improved. That is,
An object of the present invention is to reduce the work on the caisson and the number of workers without the need for large-scale hoist ships and preparatory work on the sea such as installation of anchors, and to enable accurate installation work with a small number of work ships. There is.

[0010]

The present invention SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION, in a state sandwiched with Theissen between caissons that sinking its押船, cable
Gradually water injection into the caisson by Note drainage pump for Son sinking, the thrust and direction of adjustment of the winch and押船for holding the position caissons, positioning the caisson, Ke
While controlling the caisson by the posture information Son consists mounting method caisson of sinking, instrumentation for carrying out the method
Placement is on a pedestal that is sandwiched between the caisson and its pusher.
, A winch for holding the position of the caisson,
Pouring pump, winch for merging caisson and barge
And a restraint device, and the caisson has an inclinometer and an internal
A water level gauge is installed and the means for driving these are installed on the push boat.
It consists of a caisson installation device .

[0011]

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An apparatus for installing a caisson according to the installation method of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the installation apparatus, and FIG.
FIG. This device consists of a caisson 1 to be sunk,
The caisson 1 is placed on a barge 3 sandwiched between the pusher 2 and a winch for maintaining the position of the caisson 1 with respect to the existing caisson 11 that has already been sunk, a pouring / draining pump for sunk the caisson 1, and a caisson 1 A winch 4 for combining the ship and the berth 3, a restraint device 7 on the side of the caisson, and a hydraulic pump, a generator or the like as a means for driving each of the above are mounted.

Here, the pier 3 and the pusher 2 are coupled by an articouple system having excellent wave resistance, for example, and the pier 3
Winch 4 for uniting with caisson 1 via wire
The binding device 7 on the side of the caisson unites the winch for holding the installation position of the caisson 1 and the pouring / draining pump so that the pusher 2 can perform all operations. Next, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the wire feed amount detector 8 is arranged on each of the three wires, and further, the wire angle detector 9 is arranged on the central wire. The wire feed amount detector 8 is a plane of FIG. As shown in the drawings, the side view of FIG. 5, and the front view of FIG. 6, the rotary encoder 12 is provided on the detection sheave 16 provided between the two guide sheaves 10 so that the feed amount of the wire 13 is determined by the rotary encoder 12. On the other hand, the wire angle detector 9 detects the swing angle θ of the wire 13 from the fairleader 15 as shown in FIG.
Is detected by the detection roller 14, and based on these information, as shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 9, and FIG.
The moving direction of the caisson 1 to be sunk relative to the existing caisson 11 is automatically indicated by each operation of one joystick 20, as indicated by arrow X in FIG. 8, arrow Y in FIG. 9, arrow Z in FIG. The winch is controlled.

In this embodiment, a rope tension buffer 22 using a constant reaction force type fender 21 as shown in FIG. 11 is incorporated in each wire 13 so that it is provided between the winch 23 and the caisson 1. Abnormal tension is generated in the stretched wire 13 because the constant reaction force type fender 2 having the reaction force characteristics shown in FIG.
It is prevented by 1. Next, the pouring / draining pump is installed in the caisson 1 based on the caisson posture information at the time of installation obtained from the draft meter, inclinometer, and internal water level gauge.
Is controlled so that it is always horizontal.

Therefore, when the caisson 1 is installed, the operator gradually pours water into the caisson 1 to be submerged, and at the same time, operates the winch for holding the position of the caisson 1 and the thrust and direction of the thruster of the pusher 2. Although the caisson 1 will be sunk while being positioned by the adjustment, the pouring / draining of the pouring / draining pump is controlled so that the caisson 1 is always horizontal by the posture information of the caisson 1.

On the other hand, the accuracy of the installation of the caisson 1 is affected by the magnitude of the vibration of the caisson 1 just before the bottom of the floor, and particularly when the caisson 1 is installed in the sea, a phenomenon that the caisson 1 largely drifts to the downside of the bottom of the bottom Is shown, which is known to lead to deterioration of installation accuracy. This phenomenon is caused by the fact that the wave drift force (proportional to the square of the wave height) rapidly increases as the clearance between the top of the mound and the bottom surface of the caisson 1 decreases.

Therefore, the accuracy of installation can be improved by performing the bottoming work and the weight increasing operation by pouring water at the timing at which such a drift phenomenon does not occur. Therefore, in the present invention, attention is paid to the above points, and the function of setting the timing of bottom landing and final water injection to the timing of low wave height based on the wave information obtained in real time at the place where the caisson 1 is set is provided. .

In general, waves on the sea appear to have irregularly changing wave heights, but in reality, as shown in the diagram of FIG. 13 showing the change in water level and wave height, high waves are Instead of appearing one by one, the waves often appear in series. Such a series of high waves is remarkable in the sea area where the swell is predominant, such as a place facing the open ocean. The fact that high waves appear in succession means that waves with low wave height also appear in succession, and when a series of waves with low wave height appears, if water is finally poured into the caisson 1 and submerged to perform bottoming work Downward drift can also be minimized.

In view of this, in the apparatus of this embodiment, a monitoring apparatus is provided as shown in FIG. 14 for instructing the final water injection of the caisson by acquiring in real time the changes in the wave height and the water level of the waves at the caisson sunk location. The monitoring device according to this embodiment includes a wave height measuring device 30, a data transmission buoy 34 from an anchor 31 via a mooring line 32 and an intermediate buoy 33.
It is composed of a transmitting side that transmits the information transmitted by the cable 35 via the wireless telemeter 36 and a receiving side composed of a data receiving device 37 and a personal computer 38, and it is suitable for catching a series of small wave heights. The timing of is specified so that the caisson can be installed more rationally.

[0020]

As described above, according to the method and apparatus of the present invention, positioning of a caisson to be sunk and operation of pouring / draining can be performed without requiring large-scale equipment or preparatory work at sea. It can be controlled intensively on the pusher side, and by installing a wave height monitoring device, it is possible to obtain the wave information at the subsidence point in real time, so rational installation work is possible, and there is almost no work on the caisson. The worker's safety can be secured, and safe and highly accurate installation work can be performed even in high waves. Furthermore, it is only necessary to install sensors such as drainage pumps, pipes for water injection pumps, and draft meters on the caisson, and it is possible to reduce the outfitting time and the removal time after installation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view according to an embodiment of a caisson installation device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a layout plan view of each detector for automatic winch control in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view of the wire feed amount detector of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a front view of FIG.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the wire angle detector of FIG.

FIG. 8 is an operation diagram for moving the caisson of FIG. 1 to the left front.

FIG. 9 is an operation diagram for moving the caisson of FIG. 1 to the front right.

FIG. 10 is an operation diagram for moving the caisson of FIG. 1 forward.

11 is an explanatory diagram of the rope tension buffering device of FIG. 3. FIG.

12 is a reaction force characteristic diagram of the fender of FIG.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing changes in observed water level and wave height.

FIG. 14 is an explanatory view of the monitoring device of this embodiment, which is provided in the device of the present invention and performs wave monitoring.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Caisson 2 Pusher 3 Ships 4 Winch 7 for combined use Restraint device

Front page continuation (72) Inventor Kazuki Imamura 5 Toban Construction Industry Co., Ltd. 5 Yonbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo (56) Reference JP-A-1-169021 (JP, A) JP-A-1-256628 (JP, A) JP-A-1-290822 (JP, A) JP-B 5-34453 (JP, B2) JP-B 4-78766 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) ) E02D 23/02-23/08

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A caisson to be sunk and its pusher in a state that a pontoon is sandwiched between the caisson and a pusher. A caisson installation method in which the caisson is positioned by adjusting the thrust and direction, and is sunk while controlling the caisson based on the caisson attitude information. 2. A winch for holding the position of the caisson, a pouring / draining pump for sinking the caisson, a winch for binding the caisson and the barge, and a restraint device are provided on the carrier sandwiched between the caisson and its pusher. In addition, the caisson installation device is equipped with an inclinometer and an internal water level gauge on the caisson, and the means for driving these are installed on the push boat.