JP3440252B1 - Open shield machine - Google Patents

Abstract

An open-type shield machine capable of easily forming a tunnel having an arbitrary finished cross section is provided. SOLUTION: In an open-type shield machine 1 comprising an outer shell 2 penetrating in a tunnel axial direction, a plurality of corner portions located at each corner portion are used as outer shell parts 30 (40) constituting the outer shell 2. The outer shell 31 (41) and these corner outer shells 31
It is characterized in that it can be adjusted to an arbitrary tunnel cross-sectional shape by using the intermediate shell 32 (42) arranged between the (41) and combining these shell parts 30 (40).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an open type shield machine having an outer shell penetrating in the tunnel axial direction.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional open-type shield machine has a steel outer shell that penetrates in the axial direction of the tunnel and has a cross-sectional shape almost equal to that of the tunnel. A well-known excavator is mounted on the tunnel face of the outer shell to excavate the tunnel face, and a ring-shaped tunnel lining is constructed inside the outer shell by combining well-known segments. . As an advancing means of this open type shield machine, for example, a reaction force is applied to the ring-shaped segment and the outer shell is pushed forward by a known propulsion jack or the like arranged in the outer shell. These conventional open-type shield machines have various conditions such as tunnel construction conditions, performance requirements, and finished cross-sections, and are individually designed and manufactured to meet these conditions. Is known to be. Therefore, the open-type shield machine that was used once in the field cannot be diverted or reused unless the above-mentioned conditions are met. Maintenance costs are required. Therefore, it is the current situation that a new open type shield machine is required for each tunnel construction.

[0003]

The conventional open type shield machine described above has the following problems. <B> Since it is a single item production according to various conditions such as construction conditions, diversion and reuse are very difficult. <B> Since a new open-type shield machine is required for each construction, the machine-related cost in the tunnel construction cost is high compared to other costs. As a result, this disposable open-type shield machine leads to a high tunnel construction cost, which poses a problem in selecting a tunnel construction method. <C> Used open-type shield machines that are not planned to be diverted or reused are discarded as iron scrap, which causes a large amount of waste. I'm not familiar.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an open type shield machine which can easily form an arbitrary finished tunnel cross section. Another object of the present invention is to provide an open type shield machine that can be diverted and reused. A further object of the present invention is to provide an open type shield machine that can reduce tunnel construction costs by diversion or reuse. Another object of the present invention is to provide an open-type shield machine that can be used for diversion or reuse so as to save resources without being disposed of after use. The present invention achieves at least one of these objectives.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the open type shield machine of the present invention is an open type shield machine comprising an outer shell penetrating in the tunnel axial direction. It is characterized in that it can be formed into an arbitrary tunnel cross-sectional shape by combining a plurality of outer shell parts.

Here, the "outer shell" is a member that has, for example, a cylindrical shape that penetrates in the tunnel axial direction and that constitutes the outer shape of the open type shield machine, and refers to a member that opposes the pressure received from the surrounding ground. For example, the same material as the skin plate used for a known open type shield machine such as steel may be used.
The outer shell is composed of a plurality of “outer shell parts” described later. Further, the outer shell is, for example, a main body portion on the face of the tunnel where the excavator and the like are mounted, and a tail portion that is positioned behind the main body portion and that mounts segments, for example, a known segment assembly device such as an erector and a steel material handling machine. It is possible to adopt the one consisting of and. In this case, the main body portion may be similar to, for example, a known steel segment configured by a plurality of skin plates, ribs, girders, and bolt fastening structures, and the tail portion may be, for example, a known skin plate structure. The “outer shell component” refers to a divided body that constitutes a plurality of outer shells by combining them, and the same material as the outer shell can be adopted as the material. Examples of the outer shell component include a corner outer shell and an intermediate outer shell combined between the corner outer shells.

The open type shield machine of the present invention is an open type shield machine comprising an outer shell penetrating in the axial direction of the tunnel. It is characterized by comprising an intermediate shell arranged between the partial shells, and the tunnel shell can be adjusted to an arbitrary tunnel cross-sectional shape by the intermediate shell.

The open type shield machine of the present invention is characterized in that, in the open type shield machine, a support beam is arranged between the facing outer shells.

Here, the "supporting beam" is a known beam member made of steel or the like for reinforcing the outer shell. As the support beam, a vertical beam that supports the outer shell in the vertical direction, a horizontal beam that supports the outer shell in the horizontal direction, or the like can be used.

Further, the open type shield machine of the present invention is characterized in that, in any of the open type shield machines described above, a front receiving portion is arranged from the outer shell to the face of the face. .

The tunnel axis direction means the traveling direction of the open type shield machine, for example, the direction from the tail side to the face side.

[0012]

First Embodiment Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

<a> Open-type shield machine The open-type shield machine 1 of this example has a cross-sectional shape of an arbitrary tunnel to be constructed, and has an outer shell 2 penetrating in the tunnel axial direction.
A well-known excavator (not shown), a well-known segment assembly device, and the like are mounted and configured. A known excavator (not shown), for example, a manual excavator with adjustable stroke, an existing hydraulic excavator, or the like is mounted on the tunnel face of the outer shell 2, and a known segment assembling device (see FIG. (Not shown), a stroke-adjustable manual type assembling device, an existing erector, a handling machine, etc. are mounted in the tail of the outer shell 2, and a belt conveyor or a slipper is provided as an earth discharging mechanism (not shown). An appropriate combination of known mechanisms necessary for constructing a conventional open-type shield machine, such as a carry-out carriage and the like, a propulsion jack serving as a propulsion means (not shown) of the open-type shield machine 1 is installed. There is. The configuration of the outer shell 2 of the open type shield machine 1 will be described below.

<B> Outer Shell As shown in FIG. 1, the outer shell 2 is a member having a sectional shape of an arbitrary tunnel to be constructed and penetrating in the tunnel axial direction, and is received from the surrounding ground in the ground. It is a member that is strong enough to withstand pressure. As this outer shell 2,
For example, a cylindrical or hollow polygonal column can be used. The outer shell 2 is composed of a main body portion 3 and a tail portion 4. Body 3
Has an opening on the tunnel face and is equipped with a known excavator (not shown) for excavating the tunnel. Tail section 4
Is located at the rear of the main body 3 and has an opening toward the tunnel wellhead, and a publicly known segment assembling device (not shown), a propulsion jack (not shown), etc. are mounted therein to form a tunnel. A plurality of segments 5 are combined and a reaction force for advancing the outer shell 2 is obtained from the assembled segment 5 group.

The body portion 3 and the tail portion 4 forming the outer shell 2 are formed by combining outer shell parts 30, 40 which are a plurality of divided bodies. As the outer shell component 30 constituting the main body portion 3, for example, a structure similar to a known steel segment constituted by a plurality of steel plate skin plates, ribs, girders and bolt fastening structures can be adopted, and the tail portion 4 is configured. The outer shell component 40 to be used may have a known steel plate skin plate structure, for example. The outer shell parts 30 and 40 are the main body 3
And the corner outer shells 31, 4 located at the corners of the tail portion 4
1 and the middle portion outer shells 32, 42 arranged in combination between the respective corner outer shells 31, 31 and 41, 41. In this example, as shown in FIG. 2, the intermediate shell 32,
This is an example in which the vertical beams 60 and the horizontal beams 61, which are the support beams 6, are arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the cross section between 32 and 42, 42, respectively.

Each corner outer shell 31a to 31d shown in FIG.
Is an outer shell 2 of an open type shield machine 1 having a rectangular cross section.
The outer shell component 30 is located at the four corners of the above, and a shield machine having a minimum cross-section is configured by combining only these four corner outer shells 31a to 31d. Middle shells 32a, 32
Reference numeral b is an outer shell component 30 arranged between the corner outer shells 31a to 31d, and the space between the corner outer shells 31a and 31b described above is 3
Intermediate shells 32a are combined between 1c and 31d, respectively, and intermediate shells 32b are combined between corner outer shells 31a and 31c and between 31b and 31d. The height of the open-type shield machine 1 (length in the vertical direction of the cross section) depending on the number of combinations
The width and the width (length in the horizontal direction of the cross section) can be set to arbitrary dimensions, and the tunnel cross section can be adjusted arbitrarily. The corner shells 31, 41 and the middle shells 32, 42, which are the shell parts 30, 40 made of steel for the shell 2 shown in FIGS.
The shape is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that it can be freely selected so as to have a shape and dimensions suitable for arbitrarily adjusting the cross-sectional shape.

<C> Support Beam The main body 3 of the outer shell 2 shown in FIG. 2 will be described as an example.
The support beam 6 refers to a vertical beam 60 having a vertical cross section and a horizontal beam 61 having a horizontal cross section, and is a known beam member made of steel or the like for reinforcing the outer shell 2 described above. The vertical beam 60 is assembled between the middle outer shells 32b and 32b, and the horizontal beam 61 is attached.
Is assembled between the intermediate shells 32a and 32a.
Further, although not shown, it is needless to say that the tail beam 4 of the outer shell 2 can also be provided with the vertical beam 60 and the horizontal beam 61 having the same structure as appropriate. Vertical beam 60 and horizontal beam 61
If a plurality of divided bodies are combined and configured, the sectional shape of the shield machine 1 can be added or subtracted even when the sectional shape of the open type shield machine 1 of the present invention is adjusted. You can follow the adjustment of. The support beam 6 is not necessary depending on the structure and scale of the tunnel to be built.

Next, assembly of the open type shield machine 1 according to the first embodiment, adjustment of the sectional shape, and excavation will be described.

<a> Assembly of open type shield machine (see FIGS. 1 and 2) The open type shield machine 1 includes an outer shell part 3 constituting an outer shell 2.
An arbitrary tunnel cross-sectional shape is obtained by combining 0 and 40, and the outer shell 2 is equipped with the equipment necessary for tunnel excavation such as an excavator (not shown) and a segment assembly device (not shown). Constitute. The outer shell 2 includes a main body portion 3 and a tail portion 4
And outer shell parts 30 and 4 each having a structure suitable for each
It is configured by combining 0. At this time, the outer shell parts 30, 4
Reference numeral 0 denotes a member that is diverted or reused, and is obtained by disassembling the outer shell 2 used for excavating another tunnel. As the outer shell components 30 and 40, optimal outer shell components may be newly manufactured depending on the tunnel cross-sectional shape and the construction method.

The outer shell component 30 (40) includes a corner outer shell 31.
(41) and the middle part outer shell 32 (42), the corner outer shells 31, 31 (41, 41) according to the tunnel cross-sectional shape.
The outer shell 2 of the open-type shield machine 1 is configured by combining a number of intermediate shells 32 (42) required to obtain the vertical length and the horizontal length of the tunnel cross section. According to the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an open type shield machine 1
Outer shells 31a, 31b located at the four corners of the cross section of
One intermediate portion outer shell 32a (42a) is combined between the cross-section vertical directions of (41a, 41b), and each corner outer shell 31a,
The cross-sectional shape of the open-type shield machine 1 is obtained by combining the three middle shells 32b (42b) between the horizontal sections 31c (41a, 41c) in the horizontal direction. In this way, the middle shell 32 (42) assembled between the corner shells 31 (41).
By appropriately changing the number of the main body 3 and the tail 4
The cross-sectional shape of can be adjusted arbitrarily.

<B> Adjustment of cross-sectional shape of open type shield machine (see FIG. 3) As described above, the outer shell 31 of the corner portion is provided so as to obtain the predetermined cross-sectional shape.
(41) and the outer shell 32 (42) are combined to form the outer shell 2, the adjustment of the cross-sectional shape of the open type shield machine 1
The cross-sectional shape is reduced by removing the existing middle part outer shell 32 (42), and adding the new middle part outer shell 32 (42) to the existing middle part outer shell 32 (42) to combine the cross-sectional shape. Can be expanded. At this time, if the support beam 5 is assembled to the main body portion 3 or the tail portion 4, the vertical beam 6 that is the support beam 6
The dimensions of 0 and the horizontal beam 61 are also adjusted appropriately.

An example of reducing the sectional shape of the open type shield machine 1 will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional shape of the main body 3 of the open type shield machine 1 before adjustment. The open type shield machine 1 before adjustment is configured such that the outer shell 2 is formed between the corner outer shells 31a and 31b in the vertical direction of the cross section and between the corner outer shells 31c and 31d.
In the meantime, one middle shell 32a is combined,
Three intermediate shells 32b are respectively combined between the corner outer shells 31a and 31c and between the corner outer shells 31b and 31d in the horizontal direction of the cross section. Further, a vertical beam 60, which is the support beam 6, is arranged between the vertical sections of the middle shells 32b, 32b.

FIG. 3B briefly shows the adjustment of the sectional shape of the open type shield machine 1 described above. At the time of adjustment, the outer shells 2a of the open-type shield machine 1 form the corner outer shells 31a, 31
The middle shells 32a and 32a combined between the b and the corner shells 31c and 32d are removed. Similarly, between the corner outer shells 32a and 32c and between the corner outer shells 3
Three intermediate shells 32b combined between 2b and 32d
Remove one of each. Note that FIG. 3 shows an example in which the vertical beam 60, which is the support beam 6 having a vertical cross section, is arranged. Therefore, the vertical beam 60 also has the split body 60a removed along with the adjustment of the cross-sectional shape of the shield machine 1. , Adjust its dimensions.

FIG. 3C shows a sectional shape of the main body 3 of the open type shield machine 1 after the adjustment is completed. After the required number of intermediate shells 32a and 32b are removed in FIG. 3B, the spaces between them are reassembled and joined. As a result, the outer shells 31a and 31b are joined to each other and the two outer shells 32b are combined between the outer shells 31a and 31c.
The open type shield machine 1 which comprises is obtained.

Incidentally, when enlarging the cross-sectional shape of the open type shield machine 1, contrary to the procedure described above, the intermediate portion outer shell 32 is used.
It is only necessary to combine a and 32b between the corner shells 31 as necessary, and the adjustment of the cross-sectional shape of the open type shield machine 1 requires the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the shell 2. You can also adjust it to any portrait or landscape orientation just by doing this.

<C> Tunnel excavation by open-type shield machine, tunnel construction, and advancement In the following, tunnel excavation by open-type shield machine 1 having outer shell 2 as described above, tunnel construction (segment assembly), and The forward movement of the open type shield machine 1 will be described.

The excavation of the tunnel face by the open type shield machine 1 is a well-known excavating device (not shown) mounted on the face side of the main body 3 of the outer shell 2, for example, a stroke type manual excavator or an existing excavator. Use a hydraulic excavator machine, etc. During excavation work, when the ground around the face of the open-type shield machine 1 is a soft ground or the like and there is a risk of face collapse, the surrounding ground may be improved in advance. . With these publicly known excavators, a space having substantially the same size as the cross-sectional shape of the outer shell 2 of the open type shield machine 1 is formed in the tunnel face.

The construction of the tunnel by the open type shield machine 1 is performed by assembling a plurality of segments in parallel with the excavation work of the tunnel face. Multiple segments 5
Is assembled by a not-illustrated manual type assembly device with a stroke adjustable, which is mounted in the tail portion 4 of the outer shell 2 of the open type shield machine 1, or a known segment assembly device such as an existing erector or a handling machine. . At this time, a plurality of segments 5 to be assembled are combined with an intermediate column (not shown) in the vertical direction of the cross section to support between the segments 5 separated from each other in the vertical direction of the cross section, whereby the tunnel strength during construction can be increased. . This intermediate portion may be removed when the strength required for the constructed tunnel is obtained.
For removal of the intermediate pillar, when the tunnel to be constructed is composed of a primary lining and a secondary lining, the tunnel assembled by the segment 5 is used as the primary lining, and a publicly known secondary lining is constructed on the inner circumference of the tunnel. After the construction of the next lining, check the tunnel strength, and if the tunnel to be constructed is constructed by finishing the primary lining with decorative concrete etc., the tunnel to be assembled by segment 5 shall be the primary lining. It can be done after confirming the tunnel strength after finishing the circumference with decorative concrete.

The forward movement of the open type shield machine 1 is performed by a propulsion jack (not shown) mounted in the tail portion 4 of the outer shell 2. As described above, the propulsion jack extends by receiving the reaction force from the group of segments 5 assembled in the tail portion 4 as described above, thereby pushing the outer shell 2 toward the tunnel face and advancing the open shield machine 1. At this time, the propulsion jack extends so as to provide, for example, between the assembled segment 5 and the segment assembly space in the tail portion 4 at least enough space to accommodate the segment 5 to be assembled next. After advancing the open-type shield machine 1, by repeatedly excavating the tunnel face and assembling the segments, the entire length of the tunnel can be constructed.

[0031]

Second Embodiment of the Invention A second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

The second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment described above.
In the open-type shield machine with the configuration described in 1., a roof-like front receiving part that supports the upper ground in the tunnel advance direction is arranged prior to excavation of the face by the shield machine, and it is possible to construct a shallow depth, for example. This is an example of an open type shield machine.
An example of the open-type shield machine 10 shown in FIG. 4 is the segment assembly device for assembling the outer shell 2, the main body part 3 on which the excavation device and the like are mounted, and the plurality of segments 5 as in the first embodiment. And a front receiving portion 7 is disposed on the tunnel face side of the main body portion 3. The front receiving portion 7 is a member arranged above the tunnel face of the outer shell 2 that constitutes the open-type shield machine 10, holds the surrounding ground before excavation, and prevents the collapse. Receiving part 7
As described above, it is preferable that the open type shield machine 10 has a strength to support the surrounding natural ground in the upper front and is easy to penetrate into the soil, and the tip has a tapered shape. One with a built-in excavation cutter can be used. The tip receiving portion 7 shown in FIG. 4 is a schematic view, and the structure for facilitating the penetration of the taper or the excavation cutter into the soil is omitted. Further, the front receiving portion 7 is composed of a plurality of divided bodies 71 similarly to the outer shell 2, and the open type shield machine 1
The adjustment of the cross-sectional shape of 0 may be followed. In addition,
An example of the front receiving portion 7 shown in FIG. 4 is positioned so as to surround the outer shell 2 having a rectangular cross section from the upper portion to the side portion, thereby supporting the surrounding natural ground and preventing the inflow of earth and sand. It is designed to be able to.

[0033]

Since the open type shield machine of the present invention is as described above, the following effects can be obtained. <A> The outer shell of the open-type shield machine can be adjusted to an arbitrary cross-sectional shape by using an assembly type of a plurality of outer shell parts. As a result, the open-type shield machine can be diverted and reused to construct tunnels with different cross-sections, and the economic efficiency is significantly improved compared to single-piece production according to each construction condition. <B> Since the diversion and reuse are possible, the cost required for the open shield machine per construction will be reduced, and as a result, the machine-related cost in the tunnel construction cost will be reduced. As a result, the tunnel construction cost can be reduced, which is advantageous in selecting the tunnel construction method. <C> Since it can be diverted and reused, it is not necessary to dispose of the used open-type shield machine, and it is possible to reduce the chances of generating waste such as iron scrap and save resources. <D> An open-type shield machine that can be applied to any cross-sectional shape can be widely used for leasing and other purposes, and the economic efficiency of a single open-type shield machine is extremely high.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an open type shield machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a main body of the open-type sealing machine according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram related to adjustment of the cross-sectional shape of the open type shield machine.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an open type shield machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ・ ・ ・ Open type shield machine 2 ... Outer shell 30 ... Outer shell parts 31 ... Corner outer shell 32 ... Middle shell 40 ... Outer shell parts 41 ... Corner shell 42 ... Middle shell

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── --- Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP 2001-107683 (JP, A) JP 10-292771 (JP, A) JP 52-80628 (JP, A) JP 4-54794 (JP, B2) JP-B 47-18468 (JP, B1) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 9/06 331 E21D 9/06 301

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. An open type shield machine comprising an outer shell penetrating in a tunnel axial direction, wherein a corner outer shell located at each corner of the outer shell and a divertable outer shell disposed between the outer shells. An open-type shield machine, characterized in that it can be adjusted to any tunnel cross-sectional shape by the number of combinations of the intermediate shells. 2. The open type shield machine according to claim 1 , wherein a supporting beam configured by combining a plurality of divided bodies is arranged between the facing outer shells. Open type shield machine. 3. The open type shield machine according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a front receiving portion composed of a plurality of divided bodies is arranged from the outer shell to the face of the face, and the open structure is provided. Type shield machine.