JP3439640B2 - Friction charging device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a triboelectrification apparatus which is used in combination with an electrostatic sorting device for sorting crushed dust made of plastic such as city dust and oversized dust.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The construction of an electrostatic sorting device for sorting crushed dust made of the above plastic will be described with reference to FIG.

The sorted crushed dust 1 made of plastic is put into the hopper 2, and the sorted crushed dust 1 is put into the frictional charging device 3 from the outlet of the hopper 2. Sorted trash 1
Are agitated and frictionally charged in the frictional charging device 3, and are dispersed on the upper surface of the metal drum electrode 5. This metal drum electrode 5 is rotated around a horizontal axis in a predetermined direction,
It is grounded.

A circular plate-shaped high-voltage electrode 6 is provided obliquely above the metal drum electrode 5 in the rotational direction, and a cathode of a high-voltage power supply 7 is connected to the high-voltage electrode 6. Further, the anode of the high voltage power supply 7 is grounded. By this connection, a rotating ground electrode is formed by the metal drum electrode 5, and a sorting electrostatic field is formed between the high voltage electrode 6 and the metal drum electrode 5.

Below the metal drum electrode 5, there is provided a first separation container 8 which opens upward at the front position (upstream side in the rotational direction) of the metal drum electrode 5, and further above the diameter of the metal drum electrode 5. An open second separation container 9 is provided. In addition, a brush 10 for scraping off the crushed dust 1 to be sorted is provided at a position downstream of the metal drum electrode 5 in the rotation direction (above the second separation container 9).

The operation of the above configuration will be described. The crushed dust 1 to be sorted is charged into the frictional charging device 3 from the hopper 2 to be charged, and is scattered on the metal drum electrode 5. The crushed dust 1 to be sorted, which is charged with a positive charge opposite to that of the metal drum electrode 5, is adsorbed on the surface of the metal drum electrode 5 and the adsorption surface faces downward or is scraped off by the brush 10, and the second separation is performed. The crushed dust 1 to be sorted, which has fallen into the container 9 and has been separated, and which has a negative charge, is repelled by the metal drum electrode 5 and sucked by the high-voltage electrode 6, and falls into the first separation container 8. To be separated.

The frictional charging of the crushed dust 1 made of plastic in the frictional charging device 3 is generally performed by providing a stirring blade in the cylinder and stirring the crushed dust supplied into the cylinder with the stirring blade. ing.

[0008]

However, in the case of the stirring type frictional charging device 2, the charging process is a batch type process, and it is difficult to continuously charge and remove the pulverized dust 1 to be sorted, and the internal charging is difficult. When a large amount of the pulverized waste 1 to be sorted is put in, the stirring time becomes long. Further, in order to increase the throughput of the sorted crushed dust 1, a plurality of frictional charging devices 2 are required.

[0009] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a triboelectrification apparatus having improved charging performance so as to be able to continuously provide a charge amount necessary for selecting crushed dust made of plastics in a short time. It was done.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the triboelectrifying apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises:
A frictional charging device used in combination with a sorting device for crushed dust to be sorted, which is made of plastic using static electricity, wherein an external container to which the crushed dust to be sorted is supplied from above, and both inner side surfaces of the external container, Opposed to the moving path through which the supplied pulverized waste to be sorted descends, a pair of rotating plates rotatably supported around a horizontal axis, and a rotating mechanism that rotationally drives at least one of the rotating plates, A plurality of protrusions are provided on the surface of the rotating plate facing the moving path, and at least the surface of the protruding plate and the rotating plate facing the moving path is made of resin, or electrically connected to the external container and the rotating mechanism. It is characterized by being formed of an insulated metal material.

According to the above construction, when at least one of the rotary plates rotates, the sorted and crushed dust made of plastic is brought into contact friction with the rotary plate in addition to the contact friction of the dust and the crushed dust. The amount of charge necessary for sorting dust is given in a short time. This allows
Continuous charging processing is possible, and the sorting work efficiency is improved. The crushed dust to be sorted is sequentially lowered and taken out.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the triboelectrification apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein when the two rotary plates facing each other are rotationally driven, the rotational directions of the rotary plates are reversed. It is a feature.

According to the above construction, by rotating the pair of rotary plates in opposite directions, the crushed dust to be sorted is dispersed and reliably charged by friction. The frictional charging device according to a third aspect is the frictional charging device according to the first or second aspect, characterized in that the interval between the opposing rotary plates can be freely changed.

According to the above construction, by changing the distance between the opposing rotary plates, the pressure at which the rotary plates are pressed against the pulverized dust to be selected is changed, and the charge amount is changed.

The triboelectrifying apparatus according to the fourth aspect is a triboelectrifying apparatus used together with a sorting apparatus for crushed dust to be sorted which is made of plastic using static electricity, and the crushed dust to be sorted is supplied from above. An outer container, at least a pair of plates reciprocally arranged on both inner side surfaces of the outer container, facing the moving path through which the supplied crushed dust to be descended, and at least one plate are reciprocally driven. And a plurality of protrusions on the surface of the plate facing the moving path, and at least the surface of the protrusion and the plate facing the moving path is made of resin, or the external container and the driving mechanism. It is characterized by being formed of a metallic material electrically insulated from the mechanism.

According to the above construction, the reciprocating movement of at least one of the plates causes the crushed dust to be sorted made of plastic to be in contact with the plate in addition to the contact friction between the dust and the crushed dust to be sorted. The amount of electrification required for sorting is provided in a short time. As a result, continuous electrification processing becomes possible and the sorting work efficiency is improved. The crushed dust to be sorted is sequentially lowered and taken out.

The friction charging device according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the friction charging device according to the fourth aspect, wherein when both plates facing each other are reciprocally driven, the directions of movement of the plates are reversed. It is what

According to the above construction, by moving the pair of plates in the opposite directions, the crushed dust to be sorted is dispersed and reliably charged by friction. A frictional charging device according to a sixth aspect is the frictional charging device according to the fourth or fifth aspect, characterized in that an interval between the facing plates can be freely changed.

According to the above construction, by changing the distance between the plates facing each other, the pressure with which the plates are pressed against the pulverized dust to be selected is changed, and the charge amount is changed.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a frictional charging device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

The frictional charging device 11 of the present invention has an outer container (outer peripheral plate) 12 to which the crushed dust 1 to be sorted is supplied from above.
A pair of rotary plates 14 rotatably supported on the inner surfaces of the outer container 12 so as to face the moving path 13 through which the supplied crushed trash 1 descends, and rotatably around a horizontal axis. A motor for rotating the plate 14 (an example of a rotating mechanism)
It consists of fifteen.

The outer container 12 is made of a resin, and the main body has a shape in which a disc fitted to the rotating plate 14 is oriented vertically, and the crushed dust 1 made of plastic is put from the hopper 2 on the upper portion. A supply port 16A for charging is provided, and a discharge port 16B for discharging the triboelectric particles 1 to be sorted that have been frictionally charged is provided at the bottom.

The rotary plate 14 is provided with a pair of rotary shafts 18 rotatably supported by bearings 17 provided on the inner surfaces of the outer container 12 so as to face each other, and a supply port at the tip of the rotary shafts 18. A pair of circular plates fixed so as to face the moving path 13 through which the crushed dust 1 to be sorted supplied from 16A descends.
By connecting the motors 15 to the rotary shafts 18, the circular plates 19 rotate around the horizontal axis in the respective rotation directions a and the opposite direction b. Also,
The rotating shaft 18 is supported by bearings 17 so that the distance between the circular plates 19 can be varied.

The circular plate 19 is formed of a metal plate whose surface facing the moving path 13 is coated with resin, and as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of semicircular plates made of resin are formed on the surface. The protrusions 20 are provided so as to be displaced from each other, and the surface of the circular plate 19 facing the moving path 13 and the protrusions 20 are insulated from the outer container 12 and the motor 15. Although the surface of the circular plate 19 facing the moving path 13 and the protrusion 20 are made of resin, the external container 12
The motor 15 and the motor 15 may be formed of an electrically insulated metal material, and the surface of one circular plate 19 facing the moving path 13 and the protrusion 20 are formed of resin, and the other is insulated. It may be formed of a metal material.

The operation of the above configuration will be described. First, the pair of circular plates 19 are rotated in opposite directions by the motor. In this state, the crushed trash 1 to be sorted made of plastic is continuously charged into the supply port 16A provided on the upper portion of the outer shape container 12, and the circular plate is supplied from the supply port 16A.
It falls to between 19. The circular plates 19 rotate in mutually opposite directions to push back the sorted crushed dust 1 that is going down (falling) to the outlet 16B side, and disperses the sorted crushed dust 1 therein. Further, by the rotation of the circular plate 19, the sorted crushed dust 1 which is about to come out to the outer peripheral side comes into contact with the outer container 12 and is pushed back. The crushed dust 1 to be sorted is positively or negatively charged according to the type of charging sequence due to contact friction with the rotating circular plate 19, contact friction with the outer container 12, and friction and collision between the crushed dust 1 to be sorted. It will be charged negatively. The crushed dust 1 to be sorted which has been triboelectrically charged is continuously sprayed from the outlet 16B onto the upper surface of the metal drum electrode 5.

In a PVC sorting device incorporating this frictional charging device 11, the separation of PVC is performed at 90% recovery and 90% purity.
It was possible to do it with%. In the case of a PVC sorter without the frictional charging device 11, the recovery rate is 60% and the purity is about 15%.

Further, the pressing pressure of the circular plates 19 against the crushed dust 1 to be sorted is changed by adjusting the distance between the circular plates 19, and the stirring speed is changed by the rotation speed of the motor 15. By controlling the stirring speed and the stirring speed, the charge amount of the pulverized waste 1 to be sorted is controlled.

As described above, by rotating the circular plate 19 in the opposite direction, it is possible to increase the amount of contact friction of the crushed dust 1 made of plastic and to disperse the crushed dust 1 to be sorted. (Something does not get charged when it hardens and stirs.)
The amount of charge required for sorting can be reliably provided in a short time, and as a result, continuous charging can be performed, and sorting work efficiency can be improved. Round plate 19
The outer container 12 and the outer container 12 are made of resin or an electrically insulated metal material, so that the crushed dust 1 to be sorted can be completely insulated, and the escape amount of the electric charge stored in the crushed dust 1 to be sorted can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to give a charge amount required for sorting the crushed waste 1 to be sorted in a short time,
The sorting work efficiency can be further improved.

The selection of the resin (the material to be rubbed with the sorted crushed dust 1) forming the circular plate 19 and the outer container 12 will be described. PVC, which has a large recovery amount among plastics,
If PE, PP, PS, PMMA, and PET are arranged in the order of the charging columns, PMMA → P from the side that tends to be positively charged.
S → PE → PP → PET → PVC (PP → PVC → PE
(There is also another material showing T) and it is arranged on the side that is easily negatively charged. Here, PS and P located in the middle rank
Of E and PP, for example, PP is selected as a material to be rubbed (a resin forming the circular plate 19 and the outer container 12), and another plastic piece is rubbed against the material to be rubbed made of PP, PE <PS < A large amount of positive charges are charged in the order of PMMA plastic pieces, a small amount of negative charges are charged in the PP plastic pieces, and a large amount of negative charges are charged in the order of PET <PVC plastic pieces. In this way, by selecting the middle-ranked plastic in the charging sequence as the material to be rubbed, the mixed plastic pieces are charged with positive charges and negative charges for each type, and the amount of charge (band Voltage) can be different.

In the above embodiment, the pair of circular plates 19 are both rotated, but the crushed dust 1 to be sorted can also be charged by rotating at least one of them. (Embodiment 2) FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a frictional charging device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and shows another shape of the frictional charging device 11 shown in the first embodiment.

The frictional charging device 21 shown in FIG. 3 is obtained by replacing the rotary plate 14 in the first embodiment with two pairs of vertical moving plates 22 which vertically reciprocate. These up-and-down moving plates 22 are secondary conductors of a linear motor that slide along vertical grooves 12A provided on both sides of the outer container 12 so as to face each other.
23 and a plate-shaped plate 24 fixed to the tip of the secondary conductor 23 so as to face the moving path 13 through which the crushed dust 1 to be sorted supplied from the supply port 16A descends.
Are vertically driven by a linear motor (stator) 25, and thus are reciprocally driven in the vertical direction c. The pair of opposed plate-shaped plates 24 reciprocate in opposite directions. The secondary conductor 23 and the linear motor (stator) 25 are supported so that the distance between the plate-shaped plates 24 can be changed.

The plate-shaped plate 24 is formed of a metal plate whose surface facing the moving path 13 is coated with resin, and a plurality of semicircular projections 26 made of resin are located on this surface. The surfaces of the plate-shaped plates 24 facing the moving path 13 and the protrusions 26 are provided so as to be offset from each other, and are insulated from the outer container 12. Although the surface of the plate-shaped plate 24 facing the moving path 13 and the protrusion 26 are formed of resin, the outer container 12 and the secondary conductor 23 may be formed of an electrically insulated metal material. Alternatively, the surface of one plate-shaped plate 24 facing the moving path 13 and the protrusion 26 may be made of resin, and the other may be made of the insulated metal material. The resin is selected as described in the first embodiment.

The operation of the above configuration will be described. First, the two pairs of plate-shaped plates 24 are vertically reciprocated in the opposite directions by the linear motor 25. In this state, the crushed trash 1 to be sorted made of plastic is continuously put into the outer container.
It is thrown into the supply port 16A provided at the upper part of 12 and falls between the plate-shaped plates 24 from the supply port 16A. The plate-shaped plates 24 move in the opposite directions to push back the sorted crushed dust 1 that is about to move (fall) to the outlet 16B side.
The crushed dust 1 to be sorted is dispersed. Further, as the plate-shaped plate 24 moves up and down, the crushed trash 1 to be sorted, which is about to come out to the upper side, comes into contact with the external container 12 and is pushed back. The crushed dust 1 to be sorted follows a charging sequence according to its type due to contact friction with the plate-shaped plate 24 moving up and down, contact friction with the external container 12, and friction and collision between the crushed dust 1 to be sorted. , Plus or minus. The crushed dust 1 to be sorted which has been triboelectrically charged is continuously sprayed from the outlet 16B onto the upper surface of the metal drum electrode 5.

In the PVC sorting device incorporating the frictional charging device 21, the separation of PVC is performed at 90% recovery and 90% purity.
It was possible to do it with%. In addition, the pressing pressure of the plate-shaped plate 24 against the sorted crushed dust 1 is
It is changed by adjusting the interval between them, and the stirring speed is changed by the driving speed of the linear motor 25. By controlling these pressing pressure and stirring speed, the electrification amount of the pulverized dust 1 to be sorted is controlled.

As described above, by vertically reciprocating the opposing plate-shaped plates 24 in the opposite direction, the contact friction amount of the crushed dust 1 to be selected made of plastic can be increased, and the crushed dust 1 to be selected can be increased. It is possible to disperse (something does not become charged when it solidifies and stirs), so that the amount of charge necessary for sorting the crushed dust 1 to be sorted can be reliably provided in a short time, and as a result, continuous charging processing becomes possible. , The efficiency of sorting work can be improved. Further, the plate-shaped plate 24 and the outer container 12 are made of resin or an electrically insulated metal material, so that the crushed dust 1 to be sorted can be completely insulated, and the charge stored in the crushed dust 1 to be sorted can be reduced. The amount of escape can be reduced, and thus the amount of charge required for sorting the crushed dust 1 to be sorted can be given in a short time, and the sorting work efficiency can be further improved.

In the above embodiment, both the plate-shaped plates 24 facing each other are reciprocally moved, but the crushed dust 1 to be sorted can also be charged by driving at least one of them. Further, although the plate-shaped plate 24 is reciprocated by using a linear motor, it may be reciprocated by other means such as a pinion rack. (Third Embodiment) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a frictional charging plate of a frictional charging device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

The plate-shaped plate 24 in the configuration of the second embodiment described above can be moved laterally, and three pairs of opposed plate-shaped plates 31 are provided. These opposing plate-shaped plates
Reference numeral 31 is laterally reciprocated in opposite directions by a linear motor (not shown).

Each of these plate-shaped plates 31 is formed of a metal plate whose surface facing the moving path 13 is covered with a resin, and as shown in FIG. Semicircular protrusions 32 are provided so as to be displaced from each other, and the plate-shaped plate 31 and the protrusions 32 are insulated from the outer container 12. Although the surface of the plate-shaped plate 31 facing the moving path 13 and the protrusion 32 are made of resin, they may be made of a metal material electrically insulated from the outer container 12 and face each other. The surface of one plate-shaped plate 31 facing the moving path 13 and the protrusion 32 may be formed of resin, and the other may be formed of the insulated metal material. Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, partition walls 33 are provided on both side surfaces of the plate-shaped plate 31 so that the crushed dust 1 to be sorted does not overflow from between the plate-shaped plates 31. The resin is selected as described in the first embodiment.

Since the operation and effect of the above configuration are the same as those of the second embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted. However, the three pairs of plate-shaped plates 31 are laterally reciprocated in the opposite directions by the linear motors.

Although the projections 20, 26, and 32 have a semicircular shape in the first to third embodiments, they may have a cylindrical shape, a conical shape, a triangular pyramid shape, or the like. In addition, the plate-shaped plate 2 of the above-described Embodiments 2 and 3
It is also possible to form a triboelectric charging device by combining 4, 31. For example, the first stage is constituted by opposed plate-shaped plates 31 which are laterally reciprocated, and the second stage is constituted by opposed plate-shaped plates 24 which are vertically reciprocally driven.

[0041]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a charge amount necessary for selecting plastic crushed dust to be selected in a short time, and improve the efficiency of the selection work.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a frictional charging device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a plate for performing triboelectrification of the triboelectrification apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a frictional charging device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a plate for performing triboelectric charging of the triboelectric charging device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a front view and a plan view of a plate of the frictional charging device.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an electrostatic sorting device equipped with a friction charging device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Sorted crushed garbage 2 hoppers 5 Metal drum electrode 6 High voltage electrode 7 High voltage power supply 8,9 Separation container 10 brushes 11 Friction charging device 12 External container 13 Moving path 14 rotating plate 15 motor 16A supply port 16B exit 17 Bearing 18 rotation axis 19 circular plate 20 protrusions 21 Friction charging device 22 Vertical movement plate 23 Secondary conductor 24 plate-shaped plate 25 linear motor 26 protrusions 31 Plate plate 32 protrusions 33 bulkhead

Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-9-267052 (JP, A) JP-A-58-174253 (JP, A) JP-A-63-235964 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int .Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B03C ^7/ 00-7/12

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A friction charging device used in combination with a sorting device for crushed dust to be sorted, which is made of plastic using static electricity, and includes both an external container to which the crushed dust to be sorted is supplied from above and an external container. At least one pair of rotating plates, which are rotatably supported around a horizontal axis, are arranged on the inner surface so as to face the moving path where the supplied crushed dust to be sorted descends, and at least one of the facing rotating plates is rotated. A rotating mechanism for driving, wherein a plurality of protrusions are provided on a surface of the rotating plate facing the moving path, and at least a surface of the rotating plate facing the moving path of the rotating plate is made of resin, or A triboelectrification device characterized by being formed of a metal material electrically insulated from an external container and a rotating mechanism. 2. The triboelectrification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, when both of the facing rotary plates are driven to rotate, the rotational directions of the rotary plates are reversed. 3. The triboelectrification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the opposed rotary plates is changeable. 4. A frictional charging device used in combination with a sorting device for crushed dust to be sorted, which is made of plastic using static electricity, and includes both an external container to which the crushed dust to be sorted is supplied from above and an external container. An inner surface, at least a pair of plates reciprocally arranged facing the moving path through which the crushed dust to be sorted descends; and a drive mechanism for reciprocally driving at least one of the plates.
A plurality of protrusions are provided on a surface of the plate facing the movement path, and at least a surface of the protrusion and the plate facing the movement path is made of resin, or electrically connected to the external container and the drive mechanism. A triboelectrification device, characterized in that the triboelectrification device is formed of a metallic material insulated from the above. 5. The triboelectrification apparatus according to claim 4, wherein when the two plates facing each other are reciprocally driven, the directions of movement of the plates are reversed. 6. The triboelectrification apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the distance between the opposing plates is changeable.