JP3434254B2 - Space truss composite board - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional truss composite plate suitable for industrial production. This three-dimensional truss composite board is currently available in precast concrete boards, ALC,
It can be applied to any use where an extruded cement board, a sandwich panel, and various other composite boards are used. This three-dimensional truss composite plate can be used as a panel constituting a structure or a surface of a roof, a wall, a floor, a fitting or the like of a building. Further, it can be used as a panel constituting a flat surface and a curved surface of a fence, furniture, a container, a vehicle body, a hull, a body, and the like. [0002] A space truss structure has been developed as a large span structure. Conventionally, a three-dimensional truss is formed by assembling a large number of members at a node of the truss via a connector using one side of the truss as a unit member, and connecting them one by one by welding, bolts, rivets, or the like. [0003] In order to industrially produce a three-dimensional truss structure with a small height, a three-dimensional truss structure composed of a combination of bending lines or a three-dimensional lattice formed by bending a lattice, or a body truss structure composed of a three-dimensionally formed pyramid is proposed. (JP-A-11-166290). [0004] The space truss structure is lightweight, high strength and mechanically advantageous, but is difficult to manufacture. In particular, when the height of the three-dimensional truss structure is reduced, the number of nodes per area is dramatically increased in inverse proportion to the square of the member length. For this reason, it is economically difficult to manufacture a short truss structure using conventional techniques. A conventional sandwich panel, which is a typical composite board, uses various lightweight materials, a foam material, a corrugated sheet, a honeycomb core, and the like as a core material. Sandwich panels with a three-dimensional truss core are not manufactured. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight and high-strength three-dimensional truss composite plate which can be efficiently and economically produced, a lightweight and high-strength curved three-dimensional truss composite plate, and a lightweight movable truss composite plate. To provide a three-dimensional truss composite plate.
A first problem is to simplify and automate the processing of members and the joining of nodes in order to realize a three-dimensional truss structure with a small height, thereby enabling industrial production of a three-dimensional truss composite plate. A second object is to form a three-dimensional lattice as a core of a three-dimensional truss composite plate that can follow a plane and any curved surface. A third object is to make the space between the nodes and the angle of the members of the space truss structure variable in order to make the space truss composite plate movable. The fourth problem is to realize a new type of sandwich panel using a three-dimensional lattice or a three-dimensional truss as a core material. In order to solve the above-mentioned problem of economically realizing a small-sized three-dimensional truss structure, the present invention provides a flexible flexible member that freely rotates a large number of rigid straight members. Using connecting materials connected in one row at the nodes as intermediate materials, facing materials consisting of planar members are arranged so as to sandwich the intermediate materials arranged in a plane from both sides, and the connecting material of the intermediate material is a three-dimensional lattice The gist of the present invention is that the nodes of the connecting member are alternately connected to predetermined positions of both facing members so as to form the following. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The construction of the present invention will be described in more detail. The three-dimensional truss composite plate of the present invention comprises a plurality of rigid straight members each having a predetermined length. A parallel row of connecting members connected to a row, a plurality of sets of parallel rows intersecting at nodes of the connecting members or a net of the connecting members serving as intermediate members, a parallel row of the connecting members or wires, and a plurality of intersecting sets The parallel row of the connecting members or wires, the net of the connecting members or wires, the lattice, the sheet-like material, the plate-like material or the consolidating fluid is a facing material, and the two surfaces facing each other with the intermediate material interposed therebetween. The facing members are arranged, and the nodes of the intermediate member are alternately connected to predetermined positions of the facing members. The following terms used in the above description of the structure in the present invention have the following meanings and contents, respectively. That is, the connecting member is a member formed by connecting a large number of rigid straight members having a predetermined length at flexible nodes that freely rotate. As the connecting member, a plurality of rigid straight members, particularly connecting members connected in a line through a flexible wire to a pipe;
A series of flexible wire rods with a number of rigid straight sections formed at predetermined intervals.
Coupling member: a coupling material in which a number of rigid straight members are connected in a row by a rotating node member. The predetermined length or the predetermined interval is a length or an interval that changes at a constant or a fixed ratio. [0010] The rigid straight member is an elongated member having a bending shaft and a straight shaft. The cross-sectional shape of the straight member is arbitrary such as a pipe, a circle, a corner, an L, an H shape. In particular, pipes have excellent cross-sectional performance and are suitable as rigid straight members. The length of the rigid straight member is the length of one side of the space truss.
The material is metal, glass, ceramic, cement, stone, wood, paper, synthetic resin, FRC, FRP, or the like. The flexible wire is an elongated member having no bending rigidity, such as a thin wire, a fiber, a fiber bundle, a stranded wire, a braid, a tube, and a chain. The materials include metals, synthetic resins, mineral substances, animals and plants. The wire is an elongated object such as a flexible wire, a rigid linear material, a connecting material, or the like. The row of wires is a row in which many wires are arranged in parallel. The net is a flexible mesh structure. The net includes a flexible wire net, a connecting wire net, a flexible wire or a connecting wire and a rigid wire net. The mesh shapes include triangles, quadrilaterals, hexagons, and combinations of these shapes. The connection point of the net becomes the node of the space truss. The lattice is a rigid lattice structure obtained by combining rigid straight members and connecting their intersections. The shape of the lattice includes triangles, quadrilaterals, hexagons, and combinations of these shapes. The connection point of the lattice becomes the node of the space truss. [0013] The sheet material is a thin and flexible flat or curved member. Examples of the sheet material include a thin plate, a film, a film, paper, a woven fabric, and a nonwoven fabric. Further, the caking fluid may be solidified to form a sheet material.
The plate member is a rigid flat or curved member. Plates include metal plates, synthetic resin plates, cement plates,
There are reinforced concrete boards, FRC, FRP, boards, plywood, gypsum boards, sheet glass and other composite boards. Further, the caking fluid may be solidified to form a plate-like material. The solidifying fluid is a molten metal, a molten glass, a liquid synthetic resin, a cement kneaded material, a lime kneaded material, a gypsum kneaded material, a ceramic kneaded material, or the like. The intermediate member is a member that is disposed in the middle between two facing surfaces. The intermediate member includes a parallel row of connecting members, two sets of parallel rows intersecting at nodes of the connecting member, or a net of connecting members. The facing material is a member arranged on two surfaces facing each other with an intermediate material interposed therebetween. The facing material includes two flat surfaces, two curved surfaces, or a combination of a flat surface and a curved surface, and the two surfaces may be parallel or inclined. The facing members arranged on both facing sides include the same kind of combination and different kinds of combinations. The members arranged on each of the two facing surfaces include one type or a combination of a plurality of types. The predetermined position at which the nodes of the intermediate member are joined is determined based on the relationship between the length of the rigid linear portion of the intermediate member, the distance between the two opposite members, and the nodes or intersections of the two opposite members. The connection according to the present invention includes a case in which only the joints of the connecting members are connected, and a case in which the ends of the rigid straight members are included. Also, a bond fixed in place,
Some connections slide along a line or plane. Means of connection include assembling, twisting, winding, sewing, tying, tightening, gluing, welding and embedding. In some cases, a ring, a perforated sphere, or a perforated polyhedron is inserted into the joint and connected through the flexible joint of the connecting member. The means of joining
Two or more types may be used in combination. The advantages of forming a space truss using the connecting member having the above-described structure are as follows. (1) To assemble the space truss members automatically
Various 2D and 3D forms can be easily assembled. (2) The joining of the members is extremely simplified by using a flexible wire rod at the node. (3) Since the nodes freely rotate, there is no need for bending or pressing or other forming work. (4) Since the connecting member is an irregularly shaped member, its nodes can follow any plane or curved surface of the facing material, and if the nodes are connected, a rigid straight line portion constitutes a space truss. In addition, the securing of accuracy in the manufacturing process of the member is eased. (5) When a flexible member is used for part or all of the facing material, or when the connection between the intermediate connecting material and the facing material slides, a movable solid body capable of changing curvature, folding, or expanding. A truss composite board is made. (6) When prestress is introduced into the facing material, the strength and rigidity of the three-dimensional truss composite plate increase. Further, the deformation of the movable space truss composite plate can be fixed by prestress. The stress distribution of the connecting member in the three-dimensional truss composite plate thus configured is as follows. (1) If only the wires at the nodes are joined, the flexible wires share the tensile stress, and the rigid straight portions share the compressive stress. (2) If the connection is made to include the end of the rigid straight portion of the connecting member at the node, the compressive stress is shared by the rigid straight portion, and the tensile stress is shared by the rigid straight portion and the flexible wire. If the flexible wire is weak, the rigid straight section will carry both tensile and compressive stress. In this case, the weak flexible wire is used as an auxiliary material for forming the three-dimensional truss composite plate. The drawings used to explain the embodiments of the present invention show a part of a space truss composite plate. [Configuration Example of Connecting Material] FIG. 1 shows four examples of the connecting material 1. (A) Connecting material 1
Is connected in a row to a number of pipes of a predetermined length through a wire, the pipe is a rigid straight material 2, the wire is a flexible wire 3, and a wire portion appearing between adjacent pipes can be freely formed. It is a flexible node 4 that rotates. (B)
The connecting member 1 is formed by forming the diameter of a wire of a predetermined length to a large diameter at a predetermined interval along the length direction, the wire is a flexible wire 3, and the large diameter portion of the wire is a rigid straight line. And a small-diameter portion having an initial diameter left between adjacent large-diameter portions becomes a flexible node 4 that freely rotates. (C) connecting material 1
Is formed by connecting a number of rigid straight members 2 in a row by rotating node members 4 and is formed in a chain shape. [Example of Configuration of Net] FIG. 2 shows a net composed of a large number of connecting members 1, each of which is connected at a node 4 and has a triangular mesh. FIG. 3 shows a net composed of a large number of connecting members 1, each of which is connected at a node 4 and has a square mesh. FIG. 4 shows a net composed of a number of rigid straight members 2 and flexible nodes 4, each of the nodes 4 being connected to one another and the mesh being hexagonal . FIG.
Indicates a net composed of a large number of connecting members 1, each connecting member 1 and 1 is connected at a node 4, and the mesh is a mixture of hexagons and triangles. [Example of Arrangement of Intermediate Material and Both Facing Materials] FIG. 6 shows an example of the arrangement of the intermediate material A and the facing materials B and C, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a right side view. , (C) is a bottom view, and the intermediate material A is not yet bonded to the facing materials B, C. The intermediate member A is composed of parallel rows of connecting members in which a number of connecting members 1 are arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals, and the nodes 4 of the connecting members 1 in each row are located at positions aligned with each other. The facing material B is formed by connecting two parallel rows of connecting members at each of the nodes 4 and 4.
At right angles, and have a lattice shape as a whole. The facing material C has the same configuration as the facing material B. [ Example 1 of Space Truss Composite Plate] FIG. 7 shows an example of a space truss composite plate, and FIG.
(b) is a right side view, and (c) is a bottom view . This three-dimensional truss
In the plywood , in the arrangement example of the intermediate material A and the facing materials B and C shown in FIG. 6, the node 4 of the two connecting members 1 adjacent to the intermediate material A is the intersection of the facing materials B and C (node 4). Are alternately connected to each other. The sub-characters a, b, c, d, e, and f used for the reference numeral 4 of the nodes are added to indicate the nodes connected to each other. Thereby, each connecting member 1 of the intermediate member A
Forms a quadrangular pyramid solid lattice. When the facing members B and C of the three-dimensional truss composite plate are formed of a connecting member composed of a pipe and a wire, the rigidity can be arbitrarily increased by pulling the wire and introducing a prestress. If the connection between the node of the intermediate member A and the node of the facing members B and C is made slidable, the wires of the facing members B and C are appropriately loosened to obtain the curvature of the three-dimensional truss composite plate. Or be foldable. [ Example 2 of Space Truss Composite Board ] FIGS. 8A and 8B show another example of the space truss composite board. FIG. 8A is a plan view, FIG. 8B is a right side view, and FIG. 8C is a bottom view . This three-dimensional truss composite plate uses a quadrilateral connecting member net shown in Fig. 3 as an intermediate member A, and overlaps and joins two sets of rigid straight members in parallel rows at each node. Are used as facing materials B and C, and the facing materials B and C are arranged facing each other with the intermediate material A interposed therebetween, and the nodes of the net of the intermediate material A are alternately placed on the facing materials B and C. It is constructed by connecting to the intersections (nodes) of the B and C grids. [ Example 3 of Space Truss Composite Plate ] FIG. 9 shows still another example of the space truss composite plate, where (a) is a plan view, (b) is a right side view, and (c) is a bottom view. . This three-dimensional truss composite plate is obtained by connecting the quadrilateral net of the connecting material shown in FIG.
Use as A, use two sets of parallel rows of flexible wires intersecting as the facing material B on one side of the intermediate material A, and use the square net of the connecting material as the facing material C on the other one side of the intermediate material A It is used by alternately connecting the nodes of the net of the connecting material of the intermediate material A to the intersections (nodes) of the parallel rows of the facing material B and the intersections (nodes) of the net of the facing material C. is there. Since this three-dimensional truss composite plate is indefinite, it can follow a curved surface. Also, if the connection between the node of the intermediate material A and the flexible wire of the facing material B is slidable,
The curvature of the three-dimensional truss composite plate can be arbitrarily changed by tensioning or relaxing the flexible wire. [0025] [Example of three-dimensional truss composite plate 4] FIG. 10 shows another example of a space truss composite board, (a) shows the plan view, (b) a right side view, (c) is a bottom view. This three-dimensional truss composite plate is obtained by connecting the quadrilateral net of the connecting member shown in FIG.
Using a square net made of a flexible wire as the facing material B, C, and connecting the nodes of the net of the intermediate material A alternately to the intersections of the nets of the facing material B, C It is. Since this three-dimensional truss composite plate is irregular, it can follow any curved surface and can be completely folded at all nodes. If tension is applied to the nets of the facing materials B and C as required, the net becomes a standard shape and rigidity can be imparted. [ Example 5 of Space Truss Composite Plate] FIG. 11 shows still another example of the space truss composite plate.
Is a plan view, (b) is a right side view, and (c) is a bottom view . In this three-dimensional truss composite plate, facing materials B and C composed of a square net and a plate-like body are arranged on two surfaces facing each other with an intermediate material A composed of a quadrilateral net serving as a connecting member interposed therebetween. Intermediate material A
Are alternately connected to the intersections (nodes) of the nets of both facing materials B and C. In this example, the square nets arranged on both opposing surfaces are auxiliary members for connecting the nodes of the intermediate member to predetermined positions of the plate-like body. This composite plate is a new type of sandwich panel in which a three-dimensional lattice is used as a core material and a three-dimensional truss structure is integrated with the plate members on both sides. The space truss composite plate of the present invention configured as described above has the following advantages. (1) In forming a three-dimensional lattice of a three-dimensional truss structure, a flexible node that freely rotates many rigid straight members
The use of the connecting members connected in rows eliminates the necessity of bending members or the like as in the conventional three-dimensional truss structure. In addition, since the joints between the nodes of the three-dimensional lattice serving as the core and the facing material are aligned on the same plane, the joints can be easily automated by a simple and simple joining method. It can be industrially produced. (2) Since the nodes of the three-dimensional lattice automatically formed without forced machining are free to rotate, the core of the three-dimensional lattice must accurately follow not only the plane of the facing material but also a curved surface with a wide range of curvature. Can be. Therefore, a lightweight and high-strength three-dimensional truss composite plate having a flat surface and a curved surface can be formed. (3) Since the nodes of the three-dimensional lattice freely rotate, the curvature of the three-dimensional truss composite plate can be easily changed, folded, or unfolded by the relaxation or tension of the facing material or the sliding of the joint between the three-dimensional lattice and the facing material. Therefore, a lightweight movable three-dimensional truss composite plate can be obtained. (4) By adding plate members to both sides of the three-dimensional lattice or three-dimensional truss, a new type of sandwich panel can be manufactured. (5) Since the flat, curved and movable space truss composite plates can be industrially produced more easily and economically than before, the usefulness of the space truss structure which is excellent in structural mechanics can be evaluated only in the structural field of construction. In addition, it can be used to the fullest in a wide range of fields such as building parts, fences, furniture, containers, vehicle bodies, hulls, and airframes. (6) Furthermore, the three-dimensional truss composite board of the present invention is lighter and stronger than other composite boards that have been conventionally produced, and is hollow or movable, so that ventilation, wiring, and the like that are not available in other composite boards. Has new features such as plumbing. This three-dimensional truss composite board opens up new industries,
It offers improved productivity and performance in a wide range of applications for the product.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a front view showing an example of a connecting member used for carrying out the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view showing an example of a net used for implementing the present invention. FIG. 3 is a front view showing another example of a net used for implementing the present invention. FIG. 4 is a front view showing another example of the net used for implementing the present invention. FIG. 5 is a front view showing still another example of the net used for implementing the present invention. FIGS. 6A and 6B show an arrangement state of an intermediate material and a facing material used in one embodiment of the present invention before joining, and FIG.
(B) is a right side view, and (c) is a bottom view. 7 shows a three-dimensional truss composite plate obtained by combining the intermediate member and the facing member shown in FIG. 6, (a) is a plan view, (b)
Is a right side view, and (c) is a bottom view. FIG. 8 shows a space truss composite plate obtained in another embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a plan view, (b) is a right side view,
(C) is a bottom view. FIG. 9 shows a space truss composite plate obtained in still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a plan view, (b) is a right side view,
(C) is a bottom view. FIG. 10 shows a space truss composite plate obtained in another embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a plan view, (b) is a right side view,
(C) is a bottom view. FIG. 11 shows a space truss composite plate obtained in still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a plan view, (b) is a right side view, and (c) is a bottom view. [Description of Signs] 1 Connecting material 2 Rigid straight material (straight portion) 3 Flexible wire 4 Flexible node A Intermediate material B One facing material C The other facing material

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Claims (1)

(57) [Claims 1] A parallel row of connecting members formed by connecting a large number of rigid straight members of a predetermined length in a single line at freely rotating flexible nodes. A plurality of sets of parallel rows or nets of the connecting members intersecting at the nodes are used as intermediate materials, a parallel row of the connecting members or wires, a plurality of intersecting parallel rows of the connecting members or wires, a net of the connecting members or wires. ,
The facing material is a lattice, a sheet-like material, a plate-like material, or a solidifying fluid, and the facing material is arranged on two surfaces facing each other with the intermediate material interposed therebetween. A three-dimensional truss composite plate joined to a predetermined position on the facing material.