JP3406682B2 - Protection circuit - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a protection circuit applied to a three-phase DC motor drive circuit having an output stage having a bridge structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a structure of a protection circuit of a conventional three-phase DC motor drive circuit. IGBT (in
simulated gate bipolar transistor) and its emitter,
A three-phase bridge circuit (three-phase inverter) 22 is composed of six semiconductor valves each made up of a diode in which an anode and a cathode are connected in parallel between collectors and a feedback diode.

A control circuit 21 controls switching of each phase valve, and a three-phase motor 23 is drive-controlled from an AC output point between valve connections of each phase. The voltage generated in the motor is fed back to the control circuit and controlled. Overcurrent detection resistors R11 to R13 are provided between the low-side emitter of the bridge and the ground, and the signals are transmitted to the control circuit when an overcurrent occurs. In response to this, the valve on the high side or the low side is turned off, and each element (IGBT or feedback diode) is caused by overcurrent.
Prevent being destroyed.

Further, when the motor 23 is forcibly driven, it is confirmed that the motor is externally forcibly rotated, for example, when a force is applied in a reverse rotation direction or a quasi-rotation direction by a fan or the like. A mechanism for detecting and turning off the control circuit 21, that is, a storage device 24 and a detection circuit 25 are provided.

The conventional overcurrent protection function detects the current flowing between the valves and protects the high-side or low-side valve by turning it off, but when the motor is forcibly applied with a rotational force. The motor becomes a generator, and a large current is generated in the valve that is not turned off, leading to destruction. In such a situation, the storage device 24 and the detection circuit 25
Is being prevented by.

For example, in the above configuration, the configuration for detecting that the motor is rotating in the direction opposite to the set direction is as follows. Stores information in a normal state such as the pattern of voltage generation and the order of valve operation when the motor is rotating in the set direction in the storage device 24, and detects this stored information and the information obtained while the motor is rotating. The circuit 25 makes a comparison to determine whether the motor rotation is normal or abnormal. With the configuration in which the signal of this determination result is transmitted to the control circuit 21, the control circuit 21 is inactivated and the destruction of the output element is prevented.

FIG. 6 is a three-phase D having a protection function similar to that of FIG.
It is a circuit diagram which shows the 2nd prior art example of a C motor drive circuit. In FIG. 5, the method of deactivating the control circuit is used to protect the element during reverse rotation, but in FIG. 6, a disconnecting machine 26 for separating the motor and the drive circuit is provided and is controlled.

[0008]

Conventionally, a mechanism for detecting that a rotational force is applied to the motor in the direction opposite to the setting direction is required separately from the overcurrent protection function of the overcurrent detection resistor. Is a complicated mechanism with a large circuit scale and high cost because it detects an abnormality by comparing a storage device that stores information on normal operation with information obtained while the motor is actually rotating. is there.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a simple protection function to protect elements from being destroyed when a driving force is forcibly applied to a motor. It is to provide a guarantee protection circuit.

[0010]

The protection circuit of the present invention comprises:
A plurality of power switching elements as valve means constituting a bridge circuit for driving a load , and one end thereof connected to one end of a current path of the switching element , respectively.
Common to a plurality of regenerative current element, the other end of the plurality of first overcurrent detection means, said plurality of regenerative current element commonly connected to the other end of the power switching <br/> grayed element and connected <br/> second overcurrent detecting section, the first output signal of the second overcurrent detecting means is supplied, and a control means for controlling said switching element, said control means Is the first group
The output signal of the first overcurrent detection means in accordance with the quasi-signal
A first controller that detects and generates a normal overcurrent protection signal.
The first overcurrent in response to the parameter and the second reference signal.
Detects the output signal of the detection means and protects the signal during forced rotation
And a second comparator for generating

[0011]

When the load is forcibly driven, there are two points: the switching element is supplied with more current than the current set by the overcurrent detection means and the regenerative current element is always supplied with current. interest, and a first overcurrent detection means and a current in the current and the regenerative current element in the switching element, respectively, individually and configured to be detected by the second overcurrent detecting means, further, the first overcurrent detection means Out
The force signal is divided into two stages using the first and second comparators.
A normal overcurrent is generated by the output signal of the first comparator.
The protection operation is performed and the output signal of the second comparator and the second
Output signal of the overcurrent detection means of
Take protective action.

[0012]

1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a protection circuit for a three-phase DC motor drive circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor)
And the high side, which is a feedback diode with its anode and cathode connected between its emitter and collector
6 semiconductor valves V1 on the low side each consisting of T and a feedback diode whose cathode is connected to its collector
The V6 and the feedback diodes D1 to D6 form a three-phase bridge circuit (three-phase inverter).

IGBTs on the low side (V4, V6, V
A resistor R1 for detecting an overcurrent is provided between the common connection point of the emitters of 2) and the ground. Further, an overcurrent detecting resistor R2 is provided between the common connection point of the anodes of the feedback diodes (D4, D6, D2) on the low side and ground.

The control circuit 11 controls the switching of the valves of each phase, and the drive load, for example, the three-phase motor 13 is controlled by the AC output point between the valve connections in each phase. The voltage generated in the motor is fed back to the control circuit 11 and controlled. Further, the detection values from the respective overcurrent detection resistors R1 and R2 are supplied to the control circuit 11, and the control circuit 11 generates a control signal for the protection operation.

In the above structure, the low-side IGBT
(V4, V6, V2) emitter and feedback diode (D
Since the anodes of 4, D6 and D2 are separate, it is possible to detect the current flowing through the IGBT and the current flowing through the diode separately. In general, the overcurrent protection detects the current flowing in the IGBT, and detects the I
Turn off the GBT. That is, in this embodiment, the current flowing through the low-side IGBT is detected, and the high-side IGBT (V1, V3, V5) is turned off.

FIG. 2 shows a current path during overcurrent protection.
It is a circuit diagram of a part of. The same parts as those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals. A current flows as indicated by arrow a, and a potential difference is generated on both sides of the current detection resistor R1. When the voltage generated across the resistor R1 exceeds the set value, the high-side IGBT is turned off and the current flows as shown by arrow b. However, when the motor is normally rotating, the flow indicated by the arrow b is a regenerative current, and therefore the current does not increase more than the current of a when flowing through the IGBT.

However, when the motor is forcibly rotated, the motor is changed to a generator and the I on one side is protected by overcurrent protection.
Even if the GBT (V1, V3, V5) is turned off to enter the regenerative current mode as shown by the arrow b, the current may increase. However, when forcedly rotating in the same direction as the set rotation direction, the relationship between the generation in the generator and the switching due to rotation does not matter. Since the high side is turned on when the motor generates a high voltage and the low side is turned on when the motor generates a low voltage, the voltage generated in the resistor R1 does not rise.

However, when the motor is forcibly rotated in the opposite direction to the set direction, the low side is turned on when the motor generates a high voltage, as opposed to when the motor is rotated in the same direction. The current increases and destroys the device. According to the present invention, the protective function works even in such a case. This will be described below.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a part of the protection mechanism according to the present invention. In the control circuit, the connection point between the IGBT emitter and the overcurrent detection resistor R1 is the reference voltage VRE.
F1 and VREF2 (VREF1 < VREF2) are connected to the respective input terminals of comparators CP1 and CP2 for comparison with each other. The connection point between the feedback diode and the overcurrent detection resistor is connected to the input terminal of the comparator CP3 for comparison with the reference voltage VREF3. The output of the comparator CP1 is the signal S1, the output of the comparator CP2 is the signal S2, the output of the comparator CP3 is the signal S3, and the signals S2 and S3 are two N's.
It serves as a set signal and a reset signal of the flip-flop circuit FF formed by cross-connecting the inputs and outputs of the OR gate circuit. The output signal S4 of the flip-flop circuit FF and the signal S1 serve as a protection operation control signal in the control circuit of FIG.

That is, in the present invention, the overcurrent value detected on the IGBT side is provided in two stages. The value of the first stage is used for the normal overcurrent protection signal S1. In the second stage, the reference voltage VREF2 is set by utilizing the fact that the setting value in the first stage is not exceeded unless it is forcibly driven, and the signal (S2) is set to protect when the forcible drive is applied. To use.

However, during forcible driving, there is a period in which the low-side valve is also momentarily turned off, so there is a possibility of destruction when returning. Therefore, as another feature, it is utilized that the regenerative current always flows through the feedback diode when it is forcibly rotated. The current on the diode side is detected at a predetermined level by using the comparator CP3, and is used as a reset signal of the protection circuit during forced rotation to generate the forced rotation protection signal S4. This signal S4 can be used to turn off all the IGBTs (valves), or the signal S1 can turn off the valves on the side opposite to the overcurrent protection detection side to protect even when forcedly rotated.

FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of each part of the bridge circuit showing the protection function of the present invention. During forced rotation, the current will increase even if current is limited by overcurrent protection, which may damage the device. As described above, in the present invention, the element breakdown is prevented by detecting the valve (IGBT) operating current in two stages.

In each of the above embodiments, the IGBT and the feedback diode are shown as the semiconductor valve of the bridge circuit, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the power MOS FET or the power bipolar transistor, which is a substitute for the IGBT, A turn-off thyristor is possible. Further, although the method in which detection is performed on the low side and overcurrent protection is performed on the high side is shown, the reverse method may be adopted. Further, the configuration for detecting the overcurrent is not limited to the resistor, and various configurations are conceivable. Further, although the overcurrent detecting means in which the three phases are combined into one for the IGBT and the feedback diode has been shown, the current may be detected individually.

Considering a circuit in which the valve on the overcurrent detection side and the valve on the protection side are the same, the current is detected at a value larger than the overcurrent detection side on the opposite side to the overcurrent detection, and it is used for protection during forced rotation. For example, the basic idea is the same as the embodiment.
Further, if such a bridge circuit is formed in a semiconductor region in which a dielectric is separated in a semiconductor substrate, it is resistant to noise from other circuits and reliability is increased.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention,
By detecting the current in two steps, the protection function can be activated even during forced rotation, so a means with a protection function outside the driver circuit or a means to prevent element destruction by using an element with a rating higher than necessary It is possible to prevent element destruction without taking Therefore, it is possible to provide a protection circuit that is advantageous in terms of space and cost.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a protection circuit of a three-phase DC motor drive circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial circuit diagram of FIG. 1 showing a current path during overcurrent protection.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a part of a protection mechanism in a control circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of each part of the bridge circuit showing the protection function of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a protection circuit of a conventional three-phase DC motor drive circuit.

6 is a circuit diagram showing a second conventional example of a three-phase DC motor drive circuit having a protection function similar to that of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

V1 to V6 ... Semiconductor valve (IGBT), D1 to D6 ...
Feedback diode, 11 ... Control circuit, 12 ... Three-phase bridge circuit,
13 ... Three-phase motor, R1, R2 ... Resistors for overcurrent detection.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H02H 7/06-7/20 H02M 7/48 H02P 6 / 12,7 / 63

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of power switching elements as valve means forming a bridge circuit for driving a load , and one end of the switching elements is connected to one end of a current path of the switching element.
A plurality of regenerative current elements connected to each other and a common connection to the other end of the plurality of power switching elements.
And a second overcurrent detection means commonly connected to the other ends of the plurality of regenerative current elements.
And the output signals of the first and second overcurrent detection means are supplied.
And a control means for controlling the switching element , wherein the control means is responsive to a first reference signal.
Detects the output signal of the current detection means, for normal overcurrent protection
A first comparator for generating a signal and a second reference signal
The output signal of the first overcurrent detection means according to
The second comparator that generates a protection signal during forced rotation.
Protection circuit characterized in that it comprises a chromatography data. 2. The bridge circuit is composed of a three-phase voltage type inverter using six valve means on the low side and the high side, and the first and second overcurrent detection means are divided into the low side and the low side . The protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the protection circuit is provided. 3. The control circuit is a flip-flop circuit.
And the output signal of the second comparator is
A set signal of the flip-flop circuit,
The output signal of the flow detecting means is the re-input of the flip-flop circuit.
The protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the protection circuit is a set signal . Wherein said bridge circuit protection circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is configured in a semiconductor region which is dielectrically isolated semiconductor substrate.