JP3406339B2 - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition which has a major proportion of a biodegradable base fluid which is a blend of (a) at least one ester of isotridecyl alcohol and a mono-, di or polycarboxylic acid, and (b) at least one hydrocarbon oil which has no more than 10%w/w of aromatic hydrocarbons, the rest being aliphatic. The proportion of (a) in the blend is from 25-55%w/w. The biodegradability of the base fluid renders the composition more environmentally friendly.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly lubricating oil composition for automobile engines.

[0002]

Lubricating oil compositions used in automobile engines are known. These compositions typically include mineral oils, hydrocarbon oils and / or synthetic fluids and conventional additives such as viscosity index (hereinafter "VI") improvers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, antiwear additives and Contains a base fluid consisting of a sludge modifier.In recent years, there has been a steady trend in the development of automotive engine oils to lower viscosity multigrades, primarily to improve fuel efficiency. Is from 20W / 50 oil to 10W / 40
Or moved to 5W / 40 oil. Manufacturers of automotive engine equipment have also strengthened the specifications for such oils in terms of oil consumption, bearing protection and shear stability. This meant that the engine lubricant had to be less volatile and more shear stable so that the film oil stayed longer in a particular grade band. As a result, conventional solvent-refined mineral oil-based lubricating oil compositions are no longer suitable to meet these stringent performance requirements. To meet these demands, there has been a demand for "special" base oils with excellent volatile, VI and pour point qualities. These special base oils have a VI of more than 120, and this requirement is met primarily by the use of paraffinic base oils, which include among others oils based on hydrocracking distillates. It has also been suggested to use blends of hydrocracked distillates of this type with aliphatic esters to improve the performance of this type of base oil. These prior art compositions usually contain in their base fluid 80% by weight or more of hydrocarbon sub or mineral oils and up to 20% by weight of aliphatic carboxylic acid esters. While such compositions are extremely efficient and biodegradable to some extent, there is still room for improvement.

[0003]

The basis for not only improving biodegradability, but at the same time exhibiting relatively lower emissions, lower fuel consumption and lower oil consumption to achieve the same without loss of performance. We have come to the realization that oil blends can be blended.

[0004]

Accordingly, the present invention comprises a) at least one ester derived from isotridecyl alcohol and at least one aliphatic mono-, di- or poly-carboxylic acid, b) 99. Component (a) in the blend, comprising up to 5% by weight of aliphatic hydrocarbons and up to 10% by weight of aromatic hydrocarbons such that the total of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons is 100%. ) A lubricating oil composition having a major proportion of base fluid consisting of a blend of at least one hydrocarbon oil in an amount in the range of 25-55% by weight.

As mentioned above, the base fluid consists of ester and hydrocarbon oils. The ester component (a) is derived by the reaction of an aliphatic mono-, di- or poly-carboxylic acid with isotridecyl alcohol under esterification conditions.

Specific examples of such esters include octane-1,8-diacid, 2-ethylhexane-1,6-dioic acid,
Included are isotridecyl esters of nonane-1,9-dioic acid, decane-1,10-dioic acid, and dodecane-1,12-dioic acid.

Similarly, the hydrocarbon oil component (b) in the formulation
Is suitably a hydrocracked distillate. More particularly, hydrocarbon oils of this kind may contain up to 99.5% by weight, preferably up to 97% by weight of aliphatic hydrocarbons and up to 10% by weight of aromatic hydrocarbons. The term “aliphatic hydrocarbon” as used throughout this specification is meant to include open chain aliphatic hydrocarbons as well as alicyclic hydrocarbons such as naphthenic hydrocarbons. Suitably less than 10 ppm total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hydrocarbon oil, preferably 5 ppm
Less, more preferably less than 1 ppm. Typically, hydrocarbon oils of this type contain 92-97% by weight aliphatic hydrocarbons and 3-8% by weight aromatic hydrocarbons.

The hydrocarbon oil component (b) in the formulation is suitably produced at 70-95% conversion by feeding the distillate distillate to the hydrocracker at elevated temperature and hydrogen pressure. Sulfur and nitrogen compounds are removed in the first stage of this hydrocracking furnace and aromatic hydrocarbons are hydrogenated to naphthenes in the second stage. The hydrogenation products containing naphthenes are cracked and rearranged to produce controlled ranges of paraffins and isoparaffins. From the resulting hydrogenation product, fuel and lubricant products were separated by atmospheric distillation to give 5-3
The 5% heavier component is the hydrocarbon fraction used as the hydrocarbon component (b) in the formulation. The product produced by this method is substantially free of any unsaturation. This feedstock can be further purified, if necessary, by conventional methods such as additional fractional distillation, extraction or stripping to give the finished product. The resulting hydrocarbon oil has the physical properties shown in Table 1.

[0009]

[Table 1]

Of the aliphatic hydrocarbons in this hydrocarbon oil component (b), about 20% by weight consists of isoparaffins having an average carbon number of about 27.

The relative amounts of ester component (a) and hydrocarbon oil component (b) in the base fluid within the above specified range depend on the nature of the two components and their relative viscosities. For example, if the hydrocarbon component (b) is within the above physical property specifications and the ester component ( a ) is isotridecyldodecanedioate, the ester (a) in the formulation
The amount may suitably vary from 30-50% by weight, preferably 40-50% by weight.

In addition to the above formulated base fluids, the lubricating composition of the present invention comprises, inter alia, a small proportion of conventional additives including: one or more sludge dispersants, one or more. VI improvers, one or more antiwear additives, and one or more antioxidants. Typically, additive packages are known to consist of components that meet the stringent requirements of the API performance classification “SG”, which requirements include passing the tests of the following items: There are: rust test, dispersibility test, piston varnish test, low temperature sludge test and abrasion test.Additives such as these are available in additive packages such as trade name GBX.
2900 and GBX2905 (both manufactured by Adivis, UK) as "SG additive package". Additive packages of this kind are suitably 10-20% by weight of the formulated lubricating composition, preferably 11-16% by weight.
To form. Examples of compounds present in this type of package include antirust agents such as overbase.
d) Sulfonic acids or phenols calcium or magnesium, antiwear agents such as zinc dithiophosphate, preferably 5
Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate containing -15% by weight phosphorus (normally prepared using a secondary alcohol, 0.05% -0.5% by weight phosphorus in the finished oil, typically 0.1.
1-0.14% by weight of phosphorus is shown. ), Ashless dispersants such as long chain hydrocarbon-substituted succinimide derivatives, especially polyisobutenyl succinimide, sludge dispersants that are oil-soluble salts such as mono- or di-carboxylic acid or anhydride amides, imides, oxazolines and Esters are included.

The antioxidant typically contains a phenolic compound and a typical antioxidant is commercially available as ADX545A (Adibis). Antioxidants are typically 0.01-5% by weight of the formulated lubricating composition, preferably 0.1%.
It is present in an amount of 1-2.0% by weight.

The lubricating composition also comprises one or more V
I improver is contained. Examples of this type of VI improver include:
Polymethacrylate type dispersant commercially available as Plexol 1420 (registered trademark, manufactured by Rohm Co.) and S
Included is hydrotreated polyisoprene commercially available as "hellvis 200" (registered trademark, manufactured by Shell UK). In the latter case, it can be used as a solution of the above hydrocarbon component (b). The VI improver is suitably present in an amount of 2-5% by weight of the formulated lubricating composition. That is, a typical blended lubricating composition (A) can be represented by the ingredients in Table 2 in weight percent.

[0015]

[Table 2]

The relative amount of ester and hydrocarbon oil is (B)
32.28% and 49.32% respectively or 3 each
Variants of the compounded lubricating composition (A) above at 9.5% can also be compounded.

The engine-tested performance of the lubricating composition thus formulated has relatively low emissions, lower fuel consumption,
It has been found to exhibit lower oil consumption and lower nitrogen oxide emissions. Furthermore, the compounded lubricating composition according to the invention has a CE
It was at least 80% biodegradable as measured by the C standard test procedure.

[0018]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples.

[0019]Example-General The basic fluid is IsotriDeSildodecanedioate and
Using hydrocracked distillate having the physical properties of Table 3
Manufactured.

[0020]

[Table 3]

This hydrocarbon is obtained in the following Examples 1-3.
Used to make formulated lubricating oil compositions according to the formulation of (A).

Example 1

[Table 4]

The compound is, for example, Di Karaman (DK)
Lamann), "Lubricants and Related Products," Ve
Produced using the standard lubricant compounding method described by Rlag Chemie Publishing, 1984.

The formulation composition had the properties in Table 5.

[0025]

[Table 5]

Example 2

[Table 6]

The formulation composition had the properties in Table 7.

[0028]

[Table 7]

Example 3

[Table 8]

The formulation composition had the properties of Table 9.

[0031]

[Table 9]

Example 1 above using API-GS method
In a standard engine test for each formulation described in Table 3, Table 1
A nature of 0 was observed.

[0033]

[Table 10]

The biodegradability of the compounded lubricating composition according to the present invention was tested and compared to a commercial product using the test method shown in the table above. The results are shown in Table 11.

[0035]

[Table 11]

The formulated composition according to the invention containing the formulated base fluid according to the invention exhibits superior properties over the prior art compositions, in particular with regard to their biodegradability,
It is clear from Table 11.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI C10M 105: 36) C10M 101: 02 (C10M 111/02 129: 10 101: 02 129: 68 105: 36) 133: 16 (C10M 169/04 133: 48 101: 02 133: 56 105: 02 137: 10 A 105: 36 143: 12 129: 10 145: 14 129: 68 159: 20 133: 16 C10N 10:04 133: 48 40:25 133: 56 60:02 137: 10 143: 12 145: 14 159: 20) C10N 10:04 40:25 60:02 (72) Inventor Glenville Holt United Kingdom, England, TW Brew 118 Teapee, Middlesex , Tidington, Stanley Road 39 (72) Inventor Bruce Lawrence John Murray England, England, 969 PJ, West Sasex, Hassocks, Underhill Lane, Clayton Cass (No address) (56) Reference JP-A-63-66296 (JP, A) JP-A-3-223393 (JP, A) JP-A-63-66295 (JP, A) JP-A-61-28592 (JP, A) JP 61-28593 (JP, A) JP 61-28594 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C10M 111/02 C10M 101 / 02 C10M 105/00-105/06 C10M 105/32-105/48 C10M 129/10-129/14 C10M 129/68-129/84 C10M 133/16 C10M 133/48 C10M 133/56 C10M 137/10 C10M 143/12 C10M 145/14 C10M 159/20-159/24 C10M 169/04 C10N 10:04 C10N 40:25-40:28 C10N 60:02

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. Lubrication for an automobile engine having a base fluid
An oil composition comprising: a) isotridecyldodecanedioic acid ester, and b) 99.5% by weight or less of aliphatic hydrocarbon and 10% by weight.
Consisting of the following aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons and
Hydrocarbons with a total aromatic hydrocarbon content of 100%
A blend of at least one of the oils,
The amount of component (a) in the compound is in the range of 25-55% by weight.
A lubricating oil composition for an automobile engine. 2. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon oil component (b) is a hydrocracked distillate. 3. The hydrocarbon oil component (b) consists of 92-97% by weight of aliphatic hydrocarbons and 3-8% by weight of aromatic hydrocarbons, and the hydrocarbon oil component (b) is less than 10 ppm. The lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 or 2 , which contains a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. 4. A lubrication according to any one of claims 1-3 , wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon oil component (b) comprise 20% by weight of isoparaffins having an average carbon number of about 27. Oil composition. 5. Isotridecyl dodecanedioic acid ester
2. Amounts in the range of 30-50% by weight in the formulation.
-The lubricating oil composition according to any one of 4 above. 6. The composition further comprises a sludge dispersant,
Ashless dispersants, VI improvers, anti-wear agents, lubricants according to any one of claims 1 5 comprising one or more minor proportion additive selected from anti-rust agents and antioxidants Oil composition. 7. The antirust agent is overbased.
ed) sulfonic acid or phenol calcium or magnesium, the antiwear agent is zinc dithiophosphate, the ashless dispersant is a long chain hydrocarbon substituted succinimide, and the sludge dispersant is an oil soluble salt mono- or An amide of di-carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid anhydride,
The lubricating oil composition of claim 6 including imides, oxazolines and esters, the antioxidant is a phenolic compound, and the VI improver is a polymethacrylate dispersant or hydrotreated polyisoprene. 8. The composition comprises CEC- L-33-T-.
82 lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 7 as measured by standard test procedure of at least 80% biodegradable.