JP3404467B2 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display device high in contrast and speed compared with conventional one. SOLUTION: The liquid crystal display device constituted of a liquid crystal provided in a gap formed between opposed plural substrates including at least one light transmissible substrate, wherein the substrate is provide with an electrode capable of optionally impressing the liquid crystal with a signal waveform electric field from an external part and a mechanism for changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal interposed between the substrates in accordance with the signal waveform applied, modulating the incident light and visualizing the modulation of the light is provided, is characterized that a surface of the electrode side of at least one substrate of a pair of substrates is subjected to an aligning treatment and when liquid crystal molecules are not impressed with the signal waveform electric field, the molecules are vertically aligned at a display pixel part and uniaxially and horizontally aligned at the part except the display pixel part by the uniaxial aligning treatment.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a so-called VA (Vertical Aligned) mode liquid crystal display device in which a vertically aligned liquid crystal is horizontally aligned by applying an electric field to cause an optical change. Orientation discontinuity points can be obtained by making the direction of tilt of
Unlike a display device that controls (disclination), while controlling the tilt direction of the liquid crystal alignment of the pixel part to a constant direction, and making the parts other than the pixel a uniaxially aligned horizontal alignment, the pixel part The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device characterized by a continuous change in the alignment of liquid crystal at the boundary between a pixel and a portion other than a pixel, which does not cause disclination and has higher contrast and faster response than ever before.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a liquid crystal display device is manufactured by laminating a pair of substrates 1 and 2 so that electrodes 3 and 4 are formed inside. FIG. 9 shows the cross-sectional structure, and insulating films 7 and 8 are formed on the electrodes as needed.
And the alignment films 9 and 10 are laminated, and the alignment film is subjected to an alignment treatment such as rubbing as necessary. By disposing the spacers 11 having a desired diameter on the substrates, an even gap is secured and both substrates are fixed by the bonding sealant 12. Finally, the liquid crystal 13 is injected through a hole formed in a part of the sealant, and the injection hole is sealed to complete.

The liquid crystal exhibits a uniform alignment by the alignment treatment applied to the alignment film, but each electrode has an externally drawn portion so that an arbitrary signal waveform electric field can be applied to the liquid crystal. There is. The liquid crystal changes its orientation according to the applied electric field, and polarizes and modulates the light passing through the liquid crystal layer. A function as a display device can be obtained by installing a polarizer that visualizes polarization and modulation of light as necessary. At least one of the electrodes needs to be a transparent electrode made of ITO or the like in order to allow light to pass through the liquid crystal layer.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, there are two types of liquid crystal display devices depending on their electrode structures. A simple matrix method (FIG. 7) in which electrodes formed in a stripe shape are crossed,
On the other hand, it is an active matrix method (FIG. 8) in which a signal electrode 5 and a switching element 6 such as a transistor which intersect the substrate are formed. As a liquid crystal material, nematic liquid crystal is mostly used at present in both systems.

The simple matrix method has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, but since each pixel does not have a switching element, all pixels are coupled by the capacitance of liquid crystal, and the switching of each pixel is performed as the number of pixels increases. There is an inherent problem of so-called crosstalk in which the threshold value of is not clear and the displayed image becomes unclear. In addition, the resistance of ITO or the NES film, which is a transparent electrode, is about 100 to 1000 times higher than that of metal or the like even if it is an electric conductor. Distortion of the signal waveform due to resistance becomes a serious problem.

Therefore, an attempt has been made to reduce the electrode resistance by installing the transparent electrode and the metal wiring in parallel.
This results in a decrease in brightness due to a narrow aperture ratio, and a loss of the easiness of manufacturing, which is an original feature of a simple matrix.

On the other hand, the active matrix system is not easy to fabricate as compared with the simple matrix system because a switching element is fabricated for each pixel, but since each pixel can be driven independently, there is no problem of crosstalk.
Compared with the simple matrix method, a much sharper image can be displayed. Further, the signal line that does not contribute to the transmission of light can be made of a metal such as Ti or Al, and the transparent electrodes facing each other have a solid shape that does not require a pattern, so that there is a problem of signal waveform distortion due to electrode resistance. Very few. Therefore, it is possible to relatively easily cope with an increase in the size of the display device and an increase in the display capacity.

An attempt has been made to solve the problem of crosstalk by utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal by taking advantage of the simplicity of the structure of the simple matrix system [N. Proceedings of The Fifth International Display by Itoh and others
Workshops (IDW'98), (1998) p.205 "17 '' Video-
Rate Full Color FLCD ”]. Ferroelectric liquid crystals have a memory property and a high-speed response of the order of μs, so that [N. Clark et al., Apply. Phys. Lett., 36 (1980), p.899 “Submi.
crosecond bistable electro-optic switchingin liqui
d crystals ”], the display information is sequentially written at high speed for each scan line, and the written display information is held without applying a voltage until a rewrite signal is input. It is possible to apply a line-sequential driving method different from the simple matrix method used. As a result, it is possible to display a clear image that is the same as that of the active matrix system even in the simple matrix system without causing crosstalk.

However, the simple matrix method does not solve the problem of electrode resistance even when the ferroelectric liquid crystal is used. The problem of electrode resistance causes a problem of signal waveform distortion, but this problem becomes a serious problem not only for large display devices and large display capacities but also for speeding up of signal waveforms. In the ferroelectric liquid crystal utilizing the property, the technology of installing the transparent electrode and the metal wiring in parallel is indispensable, and the decrease in the brightness due to the narrow aperture ratio,
As a result, the easiness of manufacturing, which is a characteristic of the simple matrix, is lost. Further, the problem of the electrode resistance causes problems such as an increase in power consumption and heat generation of the panel.

From this point of view, the active matrix system is excellent as a liquid crystal display device compatible with high-resolution moving image display, except for some low-function display devices. Among them, the thin film transistor (TFT) method, which is a three-terminal element, is another two-terminal element, such as metal / insulating film / metal laminated (MI).
As it is superior to the M) method and the like, it is being put to practical use.

[0011]

At present, a 20-inch liquid crystal television is also realized by a display device combining a TFT system and a nematic liquid crystal. At first glance, a flat display device is a technology based on the current TFT-nematic liquid crystal system. It seems that it will only be completed, and then it will be improved to further increase the size and display capacity.

However, the liquid crystal display device competes with the CRT which is the mainstream of the display device at present, and in the future, in order to replace the CRT, which has the problem of large size and heavy weight, as a flat display device, there are some serious problems in image quality. Problem remains.
The most important problem is that the liquid crystal has a slow response speed to a signal waveform electric field. The relationship between the liquid crystal response speed and the image quality will be described.

Present TFT-nematic liquid crystal display device
In (hereinafter referred to as LCD), blurring disturbance is perceived in moving image display, which is a serious problem. The cause is [Kurita's 1998 Liquid Crystal Society: LCD Forum sponsored "LCD
To enter the CRT monitor market-from the viewpoint of moving image display- ", section 1" Display system of hold type display and image quality in moving image display "].

As shown in FIG. 10, the time response of the display light is different between the CRT and the LCD, the display light of the CRT is the impulse type, and the display light of the LCD is the hold type. This is because the liquid crystal does not emit light by itself but functions only as a shutter for transmitting and blocking the light of the backlight, and the response speed of the TN liquid crystal widely known and used at present is about 15 ms. This is because the response is made by using the entire one field of 0.7 ms. Here, for the sake of explanation, the response time is also expressed as having the same meaning as the response speed.

In such a hold-type display, of eye movements, the following movements that are the most important in perceiving a moving image (the left and right eyes follow the moving body in a similar manner)
And if the time integration effect of vision is almost perfect, what is perceived by the observer is the average brightness of several pixels, and the image contents that should be represented by different pixels are completely lost. .

The proportion of the follower movement in the eye movement decreases as the movement speed increases, but it is said that the follower movement can be followed only by the follower movement if the movement is within 4 to 5 (degrees / second). Further, the maximum speed of obedience in a short time is set to 30 (degrees / second). Regarding the time integration effect, it is considered that the light stimulus within a short time of several tens ms is almost completely integrated if the brightness is below a certain level. Since many moving images that are actually displayed satisfy these angular velocities and luminances, so-called eye tracking causes blurring of moving images in hold-type display.

Therefore, in order to fundamentally eliminate the moving image blur on the LCD, it is necessary to use the same impulse type display as the CRT. For this, there is a method of using a shutter to make an apparent impulse emission instead of constantly lighting the backlight, and a method of flashing at high speed, but in either case, the response speed of the liquid crystal is It needs to be significantly faster than it is now.

This will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 11, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the amount of light emitted from the backlight and the amount of light transmitted through the LCD. In FIG. 11, t is the time (gate ON time) required to open the gate which is the scanning signal line of the TFT, and n is the number of scanning signal lines (gate lines). Therefore, in the case of a display device with n scanning lines, it takes t × n to turn on all the TFTs. The curve in FIG. 11 is the time response characteristic of the liquid crystal,
τr is the rising response speed of the liquid crystal.

After the last nth gate line is turned on, and after the nth line of liquid crystal responds, the backlight is turned on or light is emitted to perform impulse type display similar to that of a CRT.

The emission period ratio (compaction ratio) of the backlight, which is effective as an impulse-type display, is [Kurita's 1998 Liquid Crystal Society: LCD Forum sponsored "LCD
To enter the CRT monitor market-from the viewpoint of moving image display- ", Section 1" Display method of hold type display and image quality in moving image display "], 1 field 16.7
It is said to be 25% of ms, which makes T about 4
Must be ms. To reproduce a high-definition broadcast having 1025 scanning lines, n is about 1000. The response speed of the liquid crystal is τ = 16.7 ms−t × n−T
Must be:

Currently, the gate ON time t of the TFT is 20 ″.
Amorphous Silicon Realized by Large Display Devices
About 10 μs for (αSi) -TFT, about 3 μs for polysilicon (PSi) -TFT with high electron mobility, which is difficult to increase in size.
μs. From this, the response speed of the liquid crystal necessary to realize a full-spec moving image without moving image blur is
2.5 ms or less when using αSi-TFT, PSi
-It can be seen that even if a TFT can be used, it must be 9.7 ms or less. Since the process temperature of PSi-TFT is as high as 1000 ° C. or higher, a normal glass substrate cannot be used and quartz glass must be used. For this reason, it is difficult to increase the size, and a display device that realizes full-spec high-definition broadcasting is not feasible.

FIG. 12 shows the case where the liquid crystal is returned to the original state in a different field to block the transmitted light, and τd is the falling response speed of the liquid crystal, which is also high speed similar to the rising response speed τr. is necessary. In addition, the response speed between halftones is generally the rising response speed τ
It takes longer than r and the fall response τd, and is about three times longer. Since the response speed between halftones is important in the actual display, it is very important to increase the response speed.

The response speed of the well-known TN liquid crystal is about 15 ms for the rising response as described above, and even if the backlight system is changed to the impulse type, the response speed is 2.5 ms using the αSi-TFT. It is impossible to realize a full-spec moving image with no moving image blur at the following response speeds. The fall response is slower than this and is several tens of ms.

For this reason, many studies have been conducted to solve the problem of the response speed of TN liquid crystals.
Research on high-speed response by bend cell or pi cell [Miyashita et al. 1998, Liquid Crystal Society of Japan: LCD Forum sponsored "How LCD can penetrate into CRT monitor market-
From the viewpoint of displaying moving images- ", Section 7," Field sequential full-color liquid crystal display utilizing high-speed response characteristics of OCB liquid crystal "] are well known. It has been reported that the response speed of the TN alignment cell, which is conventionally about 15 ms, in the bend alignment cell is shortened to about 2 ms.
This high-speed response is achieved by controlling the flow of the liquid crystal generated in the cell due to the response of the liquid crystal. This flow is very large in the twisted alignment state such as the TN alignment, and is a major cause of the slow response speed. From this, in a mode in which twisting does not occur during the switching process, there is a possibility that the response speed can be increased as in the bend cell.

Although the bend cell is effective for high-speed response, it has a fatal weak point for high-definition TV images.
"1998 Liquid Crystal Society of Japan by Miyashita et al. Sponsored by LCD Forum" How LCDs can penetrate the CRT monitor market-
From the viewpoint of moving image display- ", as described in Section 7" Field sequential full-color liquid crystal display utilizing high-speed response characteristics of OCB liquid crystal ", the bend cell is practical without optical compensation using an optical retardation plate. This is a phase difference plate method that cannot obtain contrast.

The phase difference plate method eliminates the phase difference by using a phase difference plate having a phase difference equivalent to the residual phase difference of the liquid crystal cell when the dark state cannot be obtained only by combining the liquid crystal cell and the polarizing plate. You get the state. With this method,
In principle, a perfect dark state can be obtained and high contrast display is possible, but in reality, it is extremely difficult to achieve a high contrast exceeding 200: 1. The main cause is the wavelength dependence of the phase difference between the liquid crystal cell and the phase difference plate, that is, the difficulty of uniformly manufacturing the phase difference plate while matching the so-called wavelength dispersion.

Generally, the retardation of a retardation plate as an industrial product is defined as a value at 550 nm, which is the maximum luminosity wavelength of human beings, but in practice chromatic dispersion always occurs.
Further, since the birefringence of the liquid crystal also has a wavelength dispersion in the liquid crystal cell, the residual retardation always causes the wavelength dispersion. When the wavelength dispersion of the retardation of the liquid crystal cell and the retardation plate completely match, the retardation is eliminated in the wavelength region of all visible light, and a good dark state and high contrast can be obtained. However, since the cause of the wavelength dispersion is the wavelength dispersion of the birefringence of the liquid crystal material and the retardation film material, it is actually very difficult to solve this problem as long as these material systems are largely different.

Further, it is not so easy to manufacture a retardation plate having a completely uniform retardation over a wide area, and the central area (local) is ± 5 nm, and the area is about 10 ″ (global). Under the present circumstances, it is inevitable that a phase difference change of ± 5 nm is unavoidable.
It must be said that the retardation film method is not suitable for high quality TV images.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device which can achieve high contrast and high-speed response and can reproduce a high-quality image without moving image blur. And

[0030]

As described above, there is a possibility of high-speed response in a mode in which twisting does not occur during the switching process. There is no need for a retardation plate, and a good dark state and high contrast can be obtained simply by combining it with a polarizing plate.
As a mode that does not cause twisting, VA (VerticalAliene
d: vertical orientation) mode. In the VA mode, a liquid crystal having a dielectric anisotropy Δε is vertically aligned and an electric field is applied between the substrates to change the liquid crystal to a horizontal alignment. Alternatively, a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy Δε is vertically aligned and an electric field is applied in the horizontal direction of the substrate to change the liquid crystal to the horizontal alignment.

In the VA mode, since the liquid crystal is vertically aligned in the initial state, birefringence does not occur at all, and it is possible to easily obtain a good dark state which is comparable to the case of only the orthogonal polarizing plates, and it is possible to obtain a high contrast. The display can be achieved. [H. D. Li
Euro Display 99 Late news p by u, etc.
apers, (1999) p.31 `` A Wide Viewing Angle Back Side
Exposure MVA TFT LCD with Novel Structure and Sim
ple Process ”], a very high contrast of 700: 1 or more is obtained.

Although the VA mode is very advantageous in terms of contrast, the biggest problem is disclination. This is [C. K. SID 98 D by Wei, etc.
IGEST, (1998) p.1081 `` A Wide Viewing Angle Polymer
Stabilized Homeotropic Aligned LCD ”]. Three
As shown in, the liquid crystal is tilted in various azimuth directions when an electric field is applied simply by vertically aligning the liquid crystal between the parallel opposed substrates, and thus the discontinuous portion (disclination) of the alignment is randomly generated. This is a phenomenon in which uniform display cannot be obtained. Many studies have been conducted on disclination, and as in the above-mentioned literature, by forming protrusions on the substrate and controlling the tilt direction of the liquid crystal to make the disclination uniform, the display is also uniform. The method to do is established. Not only the protrusion but also JP-A-7-19
A window is formed in the pixel electrode as in Japanese Patent No. 9190,
There is also a method of controlling the disclination by providing another electrode for orientation control around the electrode.

As described above, although the VA mode has solved the problem of display uniformity, the response speed is considerably slower than that of the bend cell described above, as described in the above document, and the conventional TN.
It was average. In fact, the cause of the slow response speed is disclination. [K. SID 97 DIGE by Ohmuro, etc.
ST, (1997) p.845 `` Development of Super High Image
Quality Vertical Alignment Mode LCD "] was tested by changing the shape of the disclination (Table 1). It has been reported that the Nation cell has a much faster response speed.

[K. SID 97 DIGEST, (1 by Ohmuro, etc.
997) p.845 `` Development of SuperHigh Image Quality
Vertical Alignment Mode LCD ”], one-dimensional disclination gives rise of 8 ms and fall of 5 m.
s is obtained. The detailed cause of the change in the response speed depending on the shape of the disclination is not clear, but as shown in FIG. 13, liquid crystal molecules collide from both sides of the disclination portion, which hinders the movement of the liquid crystal. From this, it is considered that the response speed becomes slow when there are many disclinations, and the response speed becomes faster when there are few disclinations. In the conventional VA mode, a large number of disclinations occur in the display pixel, so that the response speed is considerably slow and it is disadvantageous in terms of bright brightness. Reference numeral 14 is a liquid crystal molecule, and 15 is a protrusion. However, the counter substrate, electrodes, alignment film, etc. are omitted.

As shown in FIG. 13, the brightness can be improved by providing a protrusion in a part of the pixel and controlling the disclination in the part other than the pixel, but the liquid crystal movement is hindered and the response speed is increased. The slow points are not improved. As in the structure of the protrusion shown in FIG. 14 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-44885, the same is true when the rubbing is performed to orient the film in a vertical orientation as shown in FIG. This problem, as is clear from the figure,
This occurs because the liquid crystal remains vertically aligned in portions other than the pixels, so that if the liquid crystal in the pixel is tilted and horizontally aligned, a collision always occurs and the movement of the liquid crystal is hindered. Therefore, in order to further increase the response speed, it is necessary to eliminate the occurrence of disclination at the boundary between pixels and other than pixels.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. Similar to the cross-sectional view of the conventional structure of FIG. 13, 14 is a liquid crystal molecule, 15 is a protrusion, and the counter substrate, electrodes, alignment film, etc. are omitted. By horizontally aligning the portions other than the pixels, which are vertically aligned in the conventional structure, collisions with liquid crystal molecules that change from vertical alignment to horizontal alignment are lost, and the response is also hindered. The occurrence of disclination is completely lost in the entire display device, and further speedup is possible. In that case, the collision of liquid crystal molecules cannot be completely lost by just horizontally aligning it.
As shown in FIG. 16, it is important to give a horizontally aligned portion a uniaxial orientation that matches the tilt direction of the liquid crystal in the pixel portion.

The same applies to the structure of the protrusion shown in FIG.
As in FIG. 4, instead of the protrusions, the tilted direction of the liquid crystal molecules may be regulated by the concave stepped portions of the electrodes. Also,
The same applies when utilizing rubbing as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 are VA mode in which switching is performed by an electric field perpendicular to the substrate surface, liquid crystal with a dielectric anisotropy Δε is used, but as shown in FIG. In the VA mode in which a liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy Δε is switched by a horizontal electric field, similarly, the same effect can be obtained by horizontally aligning the portions other than the pixels.

It has been performed for a long time to perform different alignment treatments on a pixel portion and a portion other than the pixel.
9-78318, JP-A-5-93912, JP-A-6
As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3675, it is well known that the pixel portion is horizontally aligned and the other parts are vertically aligned.
All of these are performed only for the purpose of improving the display quality of black display by vertically aligning the portions other than the pixels in a liquid crystal display device that performs display in combination with an orthogonal polarizing plate. is there.

In the present application, in order to further improve the high-speed response in the VA mode, differently from these, the pixel portion is vertically aligned, and the portion other than the pixel is horizontally aligned by controlling the uniaxial orientation direction. In the present application, since the portion other than the pixel is not black-displayed, the display quality is deteriorated by that alone. However, in an actual display device, in order to prevent reflection of the TFT array 6 and the wiring 5, the portion other than the pixel is not displayed. It is not a problem because it is forcibly covered with a black matrix.

There are several methods for making the portions other than the pixels into the horizontal alignment state having the uniaxial alignment property. The simplest method is to selectively form a horizontal alignment film on a portion other than the pixels and perform a rubbing process as usual. Further, as a method that does not require the selective formation of the alignment film, it is effective to form the vertical alignment film over the entire substrate and then selectively modify the portions other than the pixels by chemical treatment. Examples of the chemical treatment include acid treatment and alkali treatment after protecting the pixel portion with a resist, and selective ultraviolet irradiation with a photomask. These chemical treatments can destroy the vertical alignment ability and give the horizontal alignment ability, but it is difficult to give the uniaxial orientation property.
It is desirable to use it together with rubbing. As a method that does not require rubbing treatment, there is a method of irradiating ultraviolet rays polarized into a certain linearly polarized light. With this method, uniaxial orientation can be imparted according to the polarization direction of ultraviolet rays. Therefore, the present application will be described in detail based on the following specific examples.

[0041]

EXAMPLES <Example I-1> As an example of the present invention, the following liquid crystal display device was produced. TFT on glass substrate
A device was prepared, and the transparent electrode ITO 1000Å was brought into contact with the device to form a matrix electrode substrate. ITO
The pixel size was 300 μm × 300 μm. BPR107 made by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. which is a photosensitive resin is ITO as shown in FIG.
It was formed in the center of the pixel. The width was 10 μm and the thickness was 1 μm. A transparent electrode ITO 1000Å was formed on another glass substrate to serve as a counter substrate.

A horizontal alignment film LQT-120 manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. was formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates, and subjected to rubbing treatment in the directions parallel to each other. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the long side direction of the protrusion. A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. is formed on this, and a positive type photoresist is further formed, and then exposed and developed by a photomask that shields only the pixel portion from light. The photoresist on the part was removed. The vertical alignment film JALS in a portion other than the pixel is formed by dry etching with time-adjusted O ₂ plasma.
After removing -955 and further removing the resist in the pixel portion, both substrates were attached to each other with a cell thickness of 3 μm. It was completed by injecting nematic liquid crystal MJ95955 manufactured by Merck. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is -3.3.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided with each other. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example I-2> As an example of the present invention,
Example I-1 except that a photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was formed on one side of the ITO pixel as shown in FIG.
I went the same way.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided with each other. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

The response speed of the liquid crystal was measured by a photodiode and an oscilloscope, and it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example I-3> As an example of the present invention,
In place of forming BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., which is a photosensitive resin, a concave step portion by laser half-cut is formed in the center of an ITO pixel as shown in FIG.
It carried out like -1. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the long side direction of the concave step portion.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided with each other. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

The response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, and it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which was a very high-speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example I-4> As an example of the present invention,
In place of forming the photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., except that a concave step portion by laser half cut was formed on one side of the ITO pixel as shown in FIG.
It carried out like -1. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the long side direction of the concave step portion.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis were coincident, but when the cell was rotated, the portions other than the pixels were exposed. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

The response speed of the liquid crystal was measured by a photodiode and an oscilloscope, and it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example I-5> As an example of the present invention,
The liquid crystal display device shown below was produced. T on the glass substrate
An FT element was prepared, and the transparent electrode ITO 1000Å was brought into contact with the FT element to form a matrix electrode substrate. I
The size of the TO pixel was 300 μm × 300 μm. A transparent electrode ITO 1000Å was formed on another glass substrate to serve as a counter substrate.

A horizontal alignment film LQT-120 manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. was formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates. A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. is formed on this,
Further, after forming a positive photoresist, the photoresist was exposed and developed by a photomask that shields only the pixel portion from light, and the photoresist in the portion other than the pixel was removed. The vertical alignment film JALS-955 in the portion other than the pixel is removed by dry etching of O ₂ plasma with the time adjusted, and the resist in the pixel portion is further peeled off. Then, both substrates are subjected to rubbing treatment in the parallel direction to each other, It was stuck to the cell thickness. It was completed by injecting nematic liquid crystal MJ95955 manufactured by Merck. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is -3.3.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction coincided with the polarization axis. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured by a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example I-6> As an example of the present invention,
The liquid crystal display device shown below was produced. TF on glass substrate
A T element was produced, and a comb electrode as shown in FIG. 6 was combined with this to form a matrix electrode substrate capable of applying an electric field in the horizontal direction of the substrate. Pixel size is 100 μm
× 100 μm. Another glass substrate was used as the counter substrate.

A horizontal alignment film LQT-120 manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. was formed on the electrode surface sides of both substrates, and rubbing treatment was performed in parallel to each other. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the facing direction of the comb-teeth electrodes that formed pixels and were facing each other. On top of this, a vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.
And a positive photoresist, and then exposed with a photomask that shields only the pixel portion.
It was developed and the photoresist on the portion other than the pixels was removed.
The vertical alignment film JALS-955 in the portion other than the pixel was removed by dry etching with O ₂ plasma adjusted in time, and the resist in the pixel portion was further peeled off, and then both substrates were bonded to each other to a cell thickness of 3 μm. It was completed by injecting nematic liquid crystal E7 manufactured by Merck. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is 13.8.

When this display device was sandwiched between crossed Nicols polarizing plates and observed, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction coincided with the polarization axis. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example II-1> As an example of the present invention,
The liquid crystal display device shown below was produced. TF on glass substrate
A T element was prepared and was formed by bringing this into contact with the transparent electrode ITO 1000Å to form a matrix electrode substrate. IT
The size of the O pixel was 300 μm × 300 μm. IT as shown in Figure 1 for BPR107 made by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.
It was formed at the center of O pixel. Width is 10μm, thickness is 1μm
And A transparent electrode ITO 1000Å was formed on another glass substrate to serve as a counter substrate.

A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. is formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates, and a positive type photoresist is further formed. Then, exposure is performed with a photomask that shields only the pixel portion from light. After development, the photoresist on the portion other than the pixels was removed. The substrate was immersed in a 1% aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid for 1 min while the pixel portion was protected by a resist, and then rinsed with pure water and dried. Then, rubbing treatment was performed in a direction parallel to each other. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the long side direction of the protrusion. Finally, the resist in the pixel portion was peeled off, and then both substrates were attached to each other with a cell thickness of 3 μm. It was completed by injecting nematic liquid crystal MJ95955 manufactured by Merck. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is -3.3.
Is.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided with each other. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example II-2> As an example of the present invention,
Example II-1 except that BPR107, a photosensitive resin made by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., was formed on one side of the ITO pixel as shown in FIG.
I went the same way.

Observation of this display device sandwiched between crossed Nicols polarizing plates revealed that it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided with each other. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

The response speed of the liquid crystal was measured by a photodiode and an oscilloscope, and it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example II-3> As an example of the present invention,
In place of forming the photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., except for forming a concave step portion by laser half cut in the center of the ITO pixel as shown in FIG. 3, Example II was used.
It carried out like -1. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the long side direction of the concave step portion.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided with each other. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Embodiment II-4> As an embodiment of the present invention,
In place of forming the photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., except that a concave step portion by laser half cut was formed on one side of the ITO pixel as shown in FIG.
It carried out like -1. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the long side direction of the concave step portion.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction coincided with the polarization axis, but when the cell was rotated, the parts other than the pixels were It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example II-5> As an example of the present invention,
The liquid crystal display device shown below was produced. TF on glass substrate
A T element was prepared and was formed by bringing this into contact with the transparent electrode ITO 1000Å to form a matrix electrode substrate. IT
The size of the O pixel was 300 μm × 300 μm. A transparent electrode ITO 1000Å was formed on another glass substrate to serve as a counter substrate.

A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates, and a positive type photoresist was further formed. Then, exposure was performed with a photomask that shields only the pixel portion from light. After development, the photoresist on the portion other than the pixels was removed. With the pixel portion protected by a resist, the substrate was immersed in a 1% aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid for 1 min, rinsed with pure water, and the resist in the pixel portion was peeled off. Then, the substrate was dried. Then, a rubbing treatment was performed in a direction parallel to each other, and both substrates were attached to each other to a cell thickness of 3 μm. It was completed by injecting nematic liquid crystal MJ95955 manufactured by Merck. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is -3.3.
Is.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided, but when the cell was rotated, the parts other than the pixels were It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example II-6> As an example of the present invention,
The liquid crystal display device shown below was produced. TF on glass substrate
A T element was produced, and a comb electrode as shown in FIG. 6 was combined with this to form a matrix electrode substrate capable of applying an electric field in the horizontal direction of the substrate. Pixel size is 100 μm
× 100 μm. Another glass substrate was used as the counter substrate.

A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. is formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates, and a positive photoresist is further formed, and then exposed by a photomask that shields only the pixel portion from light. After development, the photoresist on the portion other than the pixels was removed. The substrate was immersed in a 1% aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid for 1 min while the pixel portion was protected by a resist, and then rinsed with pure water and dried. Then, rubbing treatment was performed in a direction parallel to each other. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the facing direction of the comb-teeth electrodes that formed pixels and were facing each other. After removing the resist in the pixel portion, both substrates were attached to each other to a cell thickness of 3 μm. It was completed by injecting nematic liquid crystal E7 manufactured by Merck. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is 13.8.

Observation of this display device sandwiched between crossed Nicols polarizing plates revealed that it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided with each other. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

Example III-1 As an example of the present invention, the following liquid crystal display device was manufactured. Fabricate a TFT element on a glass substrate and use it with a transparent electrode ITO1000Å
To form a matrix electrode substrate.
The size of the ITO pixel was 300 μm × 300 μm.
A photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was formed in the center of the ITO pixel as shown in FIG. Width is 10 μm, thickness is 1
μm. Transparent electrode ITO1000 on another glass substrate
Å was formed and used as the counter substrate.

A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates. An ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 270 nm was irradiated with a photomask which shields only the pixel portion. Then, rubbing treatment was performed in a direction parallel to each other. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the long side direction of the protrusion. Both substrates were stuck together to a cell thickness of 3 μm. It was completed by injecting nematic liquid crystal MJ95955 manufactured by Merck. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is -3.3.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided, but when the cell was rotated, the parts other than the pixels were observed. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example III-2> As an example of the present invention, Example II-2 is used except that a photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. is formed on one side of an ITO pixel as shown in FIG.
It carried out like I-1.

Observation of this display device sandwiched between crossed Nicols polarizing plates revealed that it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided with each other. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

Example III-3 As an example of the present invention, instead of forming a photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., as shown in FIG. 3, a concave step due to laser half-cut is formed in the center of the ITO pixel. The same procedure as in Example III-1 was performed except that a part was formed. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the long side direction of the concave step portion.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided, but when the cell was rotated, the parts other than the pixels were It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which was a very high-speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

Example III-4 As an example of the present invention, instead of forming the photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., as shown in FIG. The same procedure as in Example III-1 was performed except that a part was formed. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the long side direction of the concave step portion.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction coincided with the polarization axis, but when the cell was rotated, the parts other than the pixels were It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and the orientation was uniaxial orientation in the rubbing direction and was horizontal orientation. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

The response speed of the liquid crystal was measured by a photodiode and an oscilloscope, and it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which was a very high-speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

Example III-5 As an example of the present invention, the following liquid crystal display device was manufactured. Fabricate a TFT element on a glass substrate and use it with a transparent electrode ITO1000Å
To form a matrix electrode substrate.
The size of the ITO pixel was 300 μm × 300 μm.
A transparent electrode ITO 1000Å was formed on another glass substrate to serve as a counter substrate.

A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates. An ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 270 nm was irradiated with a photomask which shields only the pixel portion. Then, a rubbing treatment was performed in a direction parallel to each other, and both substrates were attached to each other to a cell thickness of 3 μm. It was completed by injecting nematic liquid crystal MJ95955 manufactured by Merck. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is -3.3.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided with each other. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and that it was a horizontal alignment that was uniaxially aligned in the rubbing direction. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which was a very high-speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example III-6> As an example of the present invention, the following liquid crystal display device was produced. A TFT element was produced on a glass substrate, and a comb-teeth electrode as shown in FIG. 6 was combined with this to form a matrix electrode substrate capable of applying an electric field in the horizontal direction of the substrate. The pixel size is 100
It was set to μm × 100 μm. Another glass substrate was used as the counter substrate.

A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates. An ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 270 nm was irradiated with a photomask which shields only the pixel portion. Then, rubbing treatment was performed in a direction parallel to each other. The rubbing direction was perpendicular to the facing direction of the comb-teeth electrodes that formed pixels and were facing each other. Both substrates were stuck together to a cell thickness of 3 μm. Nematic liquid crystal E7 made by Merck
Was injected and completed. Dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is 13.
8

Observation of this display device sandwiched between crossed Nicols polarizing plates revealed that it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction and the polarization axis coincided with each other. It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and the orientation was uniaxial orientation in the rubbing direction and was horizontal orientation. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example IV-1> As an example of the present invention,
The liquid crystal display device shown below was produced. TF on glass substrate
A T element was prepared and was formed by bringing this into contact with the transparent electrode ITO 1000Å to form a matrix electrode substrate. IT
The size of the O pixel was 300 μm × 300 μm. IT as shown in Figure 1 for BPR107 made by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., which is a photosensitive resin.
It was formed at the center of O pixel. Width is 10μm, thickness is 1μm
And A transparent electrode ITO 1000Å was formed on another glass substrate to serve as a counter substrate.

A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates. A linearly polarized ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 270 nm was irradiated with a photomask which shields only the pixel portion. The polarization direction of the linearly polarized light was perpendicular to the long side direction of the protrusion. Both substrates were stuck together to a cell thickness of 3 μm. Nematic liquid crystal MJ959 made by Merck
It was completed by injecting 55. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is −
3.3.

Observation of this display device sandwiched between crossed Nicol polarizing plates revealed that it was in a very good dark state when the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light coincided with the polarization axis. It was confirmed that the other part had a horizontal alignment in which the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and was uniaxially aligned in the deflection direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. When a backlight of 10000 cd / m ² was transmitted in a state where the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light and the polarization axis coincided with each other, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used. In contrast, the transmitted light with the liquid crystal cell sandwiched was 2.3 cd / m ^2, which was almost unchanged.

When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied with the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light and the polarization axis being 45 °,
The pixel portion also starts to become bright near 1.5V, and the transmitted light increases as the voltage increases.
It reached d / m ^2, and a display with a contrast of 800 or more was obtained. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example IV-2> As an example of the present invention,
Example IV-1 except that the photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was formed on one side of the ITO pixel as shown in FIG.
I went the same way.

When this display device was sandwiched between crossed Nicols polarizing plates and observed, it was in a very good dark state when the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light coincided with the polarization axis. It was confirmed that the other part had a horizontal alignment in which the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and which was uniaxially aligned in the deflection direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. When a backlight of 10000 cd / m ² was transmitted in a state where the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light and the polarization axis coincided with each other, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used. In contrast, the transmitted light with the liquid crystal cell sandwiched was 2.3 cd / m ^2, which was almost unchanged.

When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied with the direction of polarization of the irradiated ultraviolet light and the polarization axis at 45 °,
The pixel portion also starts to become bright near 1.5V, and the transmitted light increases as the voltage increases.
It reached d / m ^2, and a display with a contrast of 800 or more was obtained. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example IV-3> As an example of the present invention,
In place of forming the photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., except that a concave step portion by laser half cut was formed in the center of the ITO pixel as shown in FIG.
It carried out like -1. The deflection direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light was perpendicular to the long side direction of the concave step portion.

Observation of this display device sandwiched between crossed Nicols polarizing plates revealed that it was in a very good dark state when the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light coincided with the polarization axis. It was confirmed that the other part had a horizontal alignment in which the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and which was uniaxially aligned in the deflection direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. When a backlight of 10000 cd / m ² was transmitted in a state where the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light and the polarization axis coincided with each other, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used. In contrast, the transmitted light with the liquid crystal cell sandwiched was 2.3 cd / m ^2, which was almost unchanged.

When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied with the direction of polarization of the irradiated ultraviolet light and the polarization axis at 45 °,
The pixel portion also starts to become bright near 1.5V, and the transmitted light increases as the voltage increases.
It reached d / m ^2, and a display with a contrast of 800 or more was obtained. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured by a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example IV-4> As an example of the present invention,
In place of forming the photosensitive resin BPR107 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., except that a concave step portion by laser half cut was formed on one side of the ITO pixel as shown in FIG.
It carried out like -1. The deflection direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light was perpendicular to the long side direction of the concave step portion.

When this display device was sandwiched between crossed Nicols polarizing plates and observed, it was in a very good dark state when the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light coincided with the polarization axis. It was confirmed that the other part had a horizontal alignment in which the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and which was uniaxially aligned in the deflection direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. When a backlight of 10000 cd / m ² was transmitted in a state where the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light and the polarization axis coincided with each other, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used. In contrast, the transmitted light with the liquid crystal cell sandwiched was 2.3 cd / m ^2, which was almost unchanged.

When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied with the direction of polarization of the irradiation ultraviolet light and the polarization axis being 45 °,
The pixel portion also starts to become bright near 1.5V, and the transmitted light increases as the voltage increases.
It reached d / m ^2, and a display with a contrast of 800 or more was obtained. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example IV-5> As an example of the present invention,
The liquid crystal display device shown below was produced. TF on glass substrate
A T element was prepared and was formed by bringing this into contact with the transparent electrode ITO 1000Å to form a matrix electrode substrate. IT
The size of the O pixel was 300 μm × 300 μm. A transparent electrode ITO 1000Å was formed on another glass substrate to serve as a counter substrate.

A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates. A linearly polarized ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 270 nm was irradiated with a photomask which shields only the pixel portion. Then, a rubbing treatment was performed in a direction parallel to each other, and both substrates were attached to each other to a cell thickness of 3 μm. The rubbing direction and the deflection direction of the ultraviolet light were made parallel. It was completed by injecting nematic liquid crystal MJ95955 manufactured by Merck. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is -3.3.

When this display device was observed by sandwiching it between crossed Nicols polarizing plates, it was in a very good dark state when the rubbing direction coincided with the polarization axis, but when the cell was rotated, the parts other than the pixels were It was confirmed that the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and the orientation was uniaxial orientation in the rubbing direction and was horizontal orientation. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis aligned, 1000
When a backlight of 0 cd / m ² was transmitted, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used, whereas the transmitted light when the liquid crystal cell was sandwiched was ² cd / m 2. There was almost no change of 0.3 cd / m ² .

With the rubbing direction and the polarization axis at 45 °,
When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied, the pixel area began to brighten near 1.5 V, and the transmitted light increased with an increase in voltage, reaching 1900 cd / m ² when 5 V was applied, and a display with a contrast of 800 or higher was obtained. Was given. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured with a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

<Example IV-6> As an example of the present invention,
The liquid crystal display device shown below was produced. TF on glass substrate
A T element was produced, and a comb electrode as shown in FIG. 6 was combined with this to form a matrix electrode substrate capable of applying an electric field in the horizontal direction of the substrate. Pixel size is 100 μm
× 100 μm. Another glass substrate was used as the counter substrate. A vertical alignment film JALS-955 manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was formed on the electrode surfaces of both substrates. A linearly polarized ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 270 nm was irradiated with a photomask which shields only the pixel portion. The deflection direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light was set to be perpendicular to the facing direction of the comb electrodes facing each other by forming pixels. It was completed by injecting nematic liquid crystal E7 manufactured by Merck. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is 13.8.

Observation of this display device sandwiched between crossed Nicols polarizing plates revealed that it was in a very good dark state when the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light coincided with the polarization axis. It was confirmed that the other part had a horizontal alignment in which the transmitted light was generated so that the maximum amount of light was obtained when the rotation angle was 45 °, and which was uniaxially aligned in the deflection direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light. It was confirmed that the pixel portion was always in a good dark state and was vertically aligned. When a backlight of 10000 cd / m ² was transmitted in a state where the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light and the polarization axis coincided with each other, the transmitted light was 2.1 cd / m ² when only the crossed Nicols polarizing plate was used. In contrast, the transmitted light with the liquid crystal cell sandwiched was 2.3 cd / m ^2, which was almost unchanged.

When a rectangular wave electric field of 120 Hz was applied with the polarization direction of the irradiation ultraviolet light and the polarization axis being 45 °,
The pixel portion also starts to become bright near 1.5V, and the transmitted light increases as the voltage increases.
It reached d / m ^2, and a display with a contrast of 800 or more was obtained. When observed with a microscope, the disclination, which has always appeared in the VA mode up to now, was not observed at the boundary between the pixel portion and the portion other than the pixel.

When the response speed of the liquid crystal was measured by a photodiode and an oscilloscope, it was confirmed that the rising speed was 1 ms and the falling speed was 0.8 ms, which is a very high speed response as compared with the conventional VA mode. . In addition, the response speed between the halftones of each of the 8 gradation levels obtained by dividing the transmitted light amount into 8 (the response speed of a total of 64 states of 8 × 8) is within 2.5 ms, which means that the response is very high. confirmed.

[0148]

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device having a much higher contrast and a higher speed than ever before.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the present application.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the present application. It is a figure which shows the Example of this application.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the present application.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the present application.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the present application.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a cause of moving image blur and a method of performing impulse type display with liquid crystal.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a cause of moving image blur and a method of performing impulse-type display with liquid crystal.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a cause of blurring of moving images and a method of performing impulse-type display with liquid crystal.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a conventional example.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a conventional example.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a conventional example.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the present application.

[Explanation of symbols]

14 Liquid crystal molecules 15 Protrusion 16 electrode half cut part 17 rubbing direction

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Satoshi Furukawa 22-22 Nagaike-cho, Abeno-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture (56) References JP-A-57-78022 (JP, A) JP-A-56-95218 (JP) , A) JP-A-2-212424 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G02F 1/1337

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display device comprising liquid crystal placed in a gap formed by facing a plurality of substrates including at least one light-transmissive substrate, wherein the substrate is externally exposed to the liquid crystal. On the other hand, an electrode that can arbitrarily apply a signal waveform electric field is provided, and the liquid crystal sandwiched between the substrates changes the alignment state according to the applied signal waveform to modulate the incident light and In a display device including a mechanism for visualizing modulation, at least one of a pair of substrates is subjected to an alignment treatment on the electrode surface side of the substrates, and the alignment treatment causes liquid crystal molecules to be displayed when a signal waveform electric field is not applied. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that the pixel portion has a vertical alignment, and the portions other than the display pixel portion have a uniaxially aligned horizontal alignment. 2. In the display pixel portion in which the liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned when no signal waveform electric field is applied, when the liquid crystal molecules are horizontally aligned by applying an electric field, a process of tilting the liquid crystal molecules in a certain direction is performed. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is provided. 3. The process of tilting in a certain direction by applying an electric field according to claim 2, the process of forming a protrusion on a part of the electrode, the process of forming a concave step on a part of the electrode, and rubbing. At least one of the treatment or the treatment for forming a comb-teeth electrode structure
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is selected from the group consisting of 4. The uniaxial alignment treatment other than the display pixel portion according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal alignment treatment is a rubbing treatment of a horizontal alignment film, and a rubbing treatment after a vertical alignment film is selectively chemically modified. 2. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein at least one of a rubbing treatment after selectively irradiating the vertical alignment film with ultraviolet rays and an irradiation treatment with selectively polarized ultraviolet light on the vertical alignment film is selected. apparatus. 5. The tilt direction of the display pixel portion that is tilted in a certain direction by applying the electric field is substantially the same as the direction of the uniaxial alignment processing that is performed in the horizontal alignment processing other than the display pixel portion. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is a liquid crystal display device.