JP3400717B2 - Omnidirectional free section excavator and excavation method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for excavating a hole in the ground for constructing piles, shafts, shafts, and inclined shafts in the ground.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A mechanical excavation method is basically circular, and when excavating other shapes, it is manual excavation.

[0003]

When excavating into a free shape other than a circular shape by the mechanical excavation method, there are the following problems.

The drill pipe (casing pipe) is eccentric due to the imbalance of the excavating force due to the length of the excavating blade,
The vertical accuracy of the drill hole cannot be maintained.

When excavation other than a circular shape is performed by rotating a plurality of blades, it is necessary to synchronize the expansion and contraction and rotation of the excavation blades. For problems, it is difficult to put them into practical use.

The present invention can prevent the center deviation due to the imbalance of the excavation reaction force in the former case, and can easily adjust the rotational direction of the drill pipe and the expansion / contraction amount of the variable expansion / contraction excavation blade in the latter case, thereby improving the mechanical type It is intended to provide an excavating device and an excavating method capable of excavating into a free shape other than a circular shape depending on the excavating method.

[0007]

According to the present invention, a cross-section excavating device includes a preceding excavating bit provided at the tip of a casing pipe, and a variable telescopic excavating blade provided on the casing pipe behind the preceding excavating bit. An excavation blade drive cylinder that expands and contracts the variable expansion and contraction excavation blade, and an adjustable cylinder that supplies pressure oil to the excavation blade drive cylinder,
And a ring cam that controls the adjustable cylinder.

Further, by providing a cam axial movement cylinder for moving the ring cam in the axial direction, enlargement and reduction excavation are performed.

Further, by providing a cam circumferential movement cylinder for circumferentially moving the ring cam, spiral excavation is performed.

With respect to the center deviation due to the unbalance of the excavation reaction force, the casing pipe precedes the variable telescopic excavation blade and bears the force to displace between the side surface of the pipe and the ground, and the center deviation occurs. Prevents and maintains the vertical accuracy of the drill hole.

Further, for the tuning of the rotating direction of the casing pipe and the expansion / contraction amount of the telescopic excavation blade, a combination of a cam and a hydraulic cylinder ensures a reliable movement of the telescopic excavation blade with a simple device.

[0012]

1 and 2, a preceding excavation bit 2 is provided at the tip of a casing pipe 1, and a variable telescopic excavation blade 3 is provided in the casing pipe 1 behind the preceding excavation bit 2. It is provided. The variable telescopic excavation blade 3 is composed of a fixed blade 3A and a telescopic blade 3B.

An excavation blade drive cylinder 4 for expanding and contracting the expansion and contraction blades 3B of the variable expansion and contraction excavation blade 3 is provided, and the excavation blade drive cylinder 4 is operated by pressure oil from an adjustable cylinder 6 which will be described later, and the expansion and contraction blade 3B. Expand and contract.

A ring cam 5 (an immovable member) is provided, and the ring cam 5 is used to adjust the adjustable cylinder 6.
Is controlled (in the figure, the piston of the adjustable cylinder 6 moves up and down), and a corresponding amount of pressure oil is supplied to the excavation blade drive cylinder 4 to expand / contract the expansion / contraction blade 3B of the variable expansion / contraction excavation blade 3.

An axial cylinder 7 for moving the ring cam 5 in the axial direction (vertical direction in the figure) and a circumferential cylinder 8 for moving the ring cam 6 in the circumferential direction.
(FIG. 2) are provided.

The casing pipe 1 is rotated by a casing rotating device 10 via a casing gripper 9,
Ground excavation is performed by the preceding excavation bit 2 and the variable expansion / contraction excavation blade 3. The casing pipe 1 has an excavated sediment intake port 1
a is formed. L-1 and L-2 show hydraulic hoses.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the ring cam 5 and the adjustable cylinder 6, and the adjustable cylinder 6
The upper roller 11A and the lower rollers 11B and 11B provided in the lot 6a sandwich the cam head 5a of the ring cam 5, and the lot 6a of the adjustable cylinder 6 follows the cam surface.

4a to 4c show the operating procedure of the cam 5 and the adjustable cylinder 6. In FIG. 4a, the rod 6a of the adjustable cylinder 6 is at the lowest position of the cam 5, and the excavating blade drive cylinder 4 is contracted. As a result, the variable telescopic excavation blade 3 performs reduction excavation.

In FIG. 4b, the rod 6a of the adjustable cylinder 6 is in the middle position of the cam 5, the excavation blade drive cylinder 4 is in the intermediate position, and the variable telescopic excavation blade 3 performs intermediate telescopic excavation accordingly.

In FIG. 4c, the rod 6a of the adjustable cylinder 6 is located at the highest position of the cam 5, the excavation blade drive cylinder 4 is extended, and the variable telescopic excavation blade 3 is enlarged accordingly.

The shape of the upper surface of the ring cam 5 controls the plane shape of the drill hole. Therefore, various plane-shaped holes can be excavated by preparing various ring cams 5 each having an upper surface shape.

Further, the axial cylinder 7 raises and lowers the ring cam 5 to perform enlargement and reduction excavation.

Further, by rotating the ring cam 5 with the circumferential cylinder 8, the azimuth (planar excavation) of the planar shape can be changed.

FIGS. 5a to 5c show vertical variable cross-section excavation shapes, FIG. 5a shows circular / short concentric excavation part 1 and FIG. 5b shows circular / short concentric excavation part 2;
c indicates elliptical drilling.

FIGS. 6a to 6d show the state of the variable telescopic excavation blade 3 in elliptical excavation. The variable telescopic excavation blade 3 rotates counterclockwise and expands and contracts from FIGS. 6a to 6b, 6c, and 6d. Perform elliptical drilling.

Although the vertical excavation has been mainly described above, the excavation device of the present invention can be applied to the lateral excavation as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

[0027]

According to the present invention, the casing pipe precedes the variable telescopic excavating blade with respect to the core deviation due to the unbalance of the excavation reaction force due to the length of the excavating blade, and the side surface of the pipe and the ground Bear the force trying to displace,
Prevents core misalignment and maintains vertical accuracy of the drill hole.

Further, in the case of excavating other than a circular shape by rotating a plurality of blades, with respect to the synchronization of the expansion and contraction and the rotation of the expandable expansion blade, a combination of a cam and a hydraulic cylinder is used.
It is possible to secure a reliable movement of the telescopic excavating blade with a simple device.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a free-section excavating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a perspective view of a ring cam portion of the free-section excavating device of FIG. 1. FIG.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing a relationship between a ring cam and an adjustable cylinder.

FIG. 4 is an operation diagram of a ring cam, an adjustable cylinder, and an excavation blade drive cylinder, in which a indicates a reduced excavation state of a telescopic excavation blade, b indicates an intermediate excavation state, and c indicates an enlarged excavation state.

FIG. 5 shows a vertical-direction variable cross-section excavation state, in which a is circular / short concentric excavation No. 1, b is circular / short concentric excavation No. 2, and c is elliptical excavation.

FIG. 6 shows a state of a telescopic excavation blade in elliptical excavation, in which the telescopic excavation blade rotates counterclockwise, and the telescopic excavation blades a, b,
It expands and contracts in the states of c and d.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing a state in which the free section excavation device is laid horizontally.

FIG. 8 is a front view thereof.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Casing pipe, 2 ... Leading drill bit,
3 ... Telescopic excavation blade, 4 ... Excavation blade driving cylinder, 5
... Ring cam, 6 ... Adjustable cylinder,
7 ... Axial cylinder, 8 ... Radial cylinder, 9 ... Casing gripper, 10 ... Casing rotating device, 11 ... Roller

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-7-82982 (JP, A) JP-A-7-331978 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 1/03-1/06 E21D 9/08 E21B 7/28

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A preceding excavation bit provided at the tip of a casing pipe, a variable telescopic excavation blade provided on the casing pipe behind the preceding excavation bit, and an excavation blade drive cylinder for expanding and contracting the variable telescopic excavation blade. An omnidirectional free-section excavating device, comprising: an adjustable cylinder that supplies pressure oil to the excavating blade drive cylinder; and a ring cam that controls the adjustable cylinder. 2. The omnidirectional free-section excavating device according to claim 1, further comprising a cam axial direction moving cylinder that moves the ring cam in the axial direction. 3. The omnidirectional free-section excavating device according to claim 1, further comprising a cam circumferential movement cylinder that moves the ring cam in the circumferential direction. 4. A variable telescopic excavation blade provided on a casing pipe behind a preceding excavation bit for excavating the ground by a preceding excavation bit provided at a tip of the casing pipe,
An omnidirectional free-section digging method, wherein a digging blade drive cylinder operated by pressure oil from an adjustable cylinder controlled by a ring cam expands and contracts to dig a hole having a predetermined plane shape. 5. The omnidirectional free cross section excavating method according to claim 4, wherein the ring cam is moved in the axial direction by the cam axial direction moving cylinder to perform the enlarged excavation and the reduced excavation. 6. The omnidirectional free-section digging method according to claim 4, wherein the ring cam is circumferentially moved by the cam circumferential direction moving cylinder to perform the spiral digging.