JP3397673B2 - Method for treating the surface of toner particles - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surface treatment method for treating the surface of toner particles of a toner for developing electrostatic images, and in particular, the surface of toner particles is treated so that the fluidity and charging of the toner are improved. And a transfer method, the present invention relates to a method for producing toner particles having remarkably improved transferability.

In particular, the present invention relates to a method of treating the surface of toner particles for making toner particles having an irregular shape spherical or at least producing toner particles having roundness.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art A method and a powder processing apparatus for surface treatment of solid particles have been proposed so far. For example, there are an impact type powder processing apparatus that uses a rotating blade and a powder processing apparatus that performs heat treatment. An impact type powder processing apparatus using a rotary blade is disclosed in Y. Takayama, Y .; Ki
kuchi and K.K. Ono: ZAIRYO GI
JUTSU Vol. 8, No. 8, 10, (199
0). Further, a hybridization system commercialized by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-83029) or an impact type fine pulverizer manufactured by Turbo Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-27021) is used. To perform powder treatment on the surface of the powder particles (Japanese Patent Publication No.
-26531, JP-A-7-244399)
Is proposed.

Examples of the processing apparatus used in the hybridization system include the apparatus shown in FIGS. 12, 13 and 14. 151 is a main body casing, 158
Is a stator, 177 is a stator jacket, 163
Is a recycle pipe, 159 is a discharge valve, 119 is a discharge chute, and 164 is a raw material charging chute.

In the apparatus, raw material charging chute 164
The powder particles and other fine solid particles supplied from the above are momentarily hit by a plurality of rotor blades 155 arranged in a rotating rotor 162 which is rotating at a high speed in the impact chamber 168, and the peripheral portions are further affected. Of the other fine solid particles by colliding with the stator 158 of the above and releasing the agglomeration of the powder particles or other fine solid particles into the system, and at the same time, the other fine solid particles on the surface of the powder particles by electrostatic force and van der Waals force. Etc., or when only powder particles are used, the particles are chamfered or spheronized. This state progresses with the flight and collision of particles. That is, the particles are processed by passing through the recycle pipe 163 a plurality of times along with the flow of the air flow generated by the rotation of the rotor blade 155. Further, when the particles are repeatedly hit by the rotor blade 155 and the stator 158, other fine solid particles are uniformly dispersed and fixed on the surface of the powder particles or in the vicinity thereof, or in the case of only the powder particles. , The shape of the particles becomes spherical.

The particles, which have been fixed, are discharged by the discharge valve control device 128 by opening the discharge valve 159.
It is collected by the bag filter 122 or the like which passes through the discharge chute 19 and communicates with the suction blower 124.

However, in the conventional powder processing apparatus,
Since the surface treatment of the powder particles using the recycle pipe 163 is performed by the rotor blade 155 that rotates at a high speed, a long time operation is required. In that case, the particles may excessively collide with each other, and the powder may generate heat to deteriorate. With such a device, it is difficult to obtain a uniform surface treatment unless a certain amount is put into a certain volume and a long-time treatment of several tens of seconds to several minutes is not performed. In that case, since the surface treatment time is long and the dust concentration is high, particles once dispersed are likely to re-aggregate at the stage where the surface treatment is carried out, or fused solid matter is likely to be generated due to heat generation.

Since the powder processing apparatus of the type shown in FIGS. 12 to 14 is of batch type, continuous processing is difficult. Therefore, auxiliary equipment such as a weighing machine for measuring a certain amount of powder raw material and putting it into this device is also required, resulting in high manufacturing cost and a narrow allowable range for stable manufacturing. Had a problem.

In particular, in the surface treatment of solid toner particles for producing a toner for developing electrostatic images used in copying machines, printers, etc., such a problem was likely to become apparent.

In general, toners are required to have many different properties, and thus the properties of the toner are often influenced by the manufacturing method of the toner in addition to the raw materials used. In the surface treatment step of toner particles, it is required to produce high-quality toner particles efficiently at low cost and stably.

Generally, a resin having a low melting point, a low softening point or a low glass transition point is used as the binder resin used for the toner particles. The toner particles containing such a resin are surface-treated. When introduced into the apparatus and surface-treated, adhesion or fusion in the surface-treatment apparatus is likely to occur.

As an energy-saving measure for a copying machine, in the case of a heating / pressurizing fixing method, in order to fix the toner at a low temperature with low power consumption required for fixing, a low glass transition point,
Alternatively, a binder resin having a low softening point has come to be used.

Further, in order to improve the image quality in a copying machine or printer, the toner particles tend to be gradually reduced in size. Generally, as the solid particles become finer, the action of the interparticle force increases, but the same applies to the resin particles and the toner particles, and when the solid particles have a small size, the cohesiveness between the particles increases.

As a continuous type processing apparatus using an impact type fine pulverizer, as shown in FIGS. 15, 16 and 17, a cylindrical casing and a distributor arranged coaxially with the casing shaft in this casing. A device with a rotating rotor 214 with 220 has been proposed. The liner 210 on the inner peripheral surface of the casing 201 is provided with a plurality of grooves in the direction of the rotating shaft 215. The rotary rotor 214 is provided with a plurality of blades 221 formed of a wear-resistant metal material, and the powder is processed in the processing area 213.

On the upstream side of the casing 201, an inlet 211 for the raw material powder and the inflowing air charged through the constant quantity feeder 240 and the vibrating feeder 215 and an eddy chamber 212.
Is provided. The outlet 202 is provided on the downstream side of the inlet 211, and the bag filter 2 communicating with the cyclone dust collector 229 or the suction blower 224 outside the system.
22 and the like. An example of such a device is a turbo mill fine pulverizer manufactured by Turbo Industry Co., Ltd.

However, in such an apparatus, particles having a nonuniform surface treatment are likely to be generated. Further, in order to adjust the degree of surface treatment, using cold air or a heater, even if the rotation speed of the rotor is adjusted, crushing of solid particles and re-aggregation of solid particles easily occur, and stable solid particles Surface treatment was difficult.

Further, as a continuous processing apparatus, a continuous mixing apparatus shown in FIGS. 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 and a toner manufacturing method using the apparatus are disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-5.
6131 (corresponding US Pat. No. 5,087,546). The apparatus includes a cylindrical casing 301 and a rotor shaft 304 inside the casing 301.
An apparatus including a stirring blade 302 and a fixed blade 303 connected to each other can be used. Rotating disk 31 of stirring blade 302
A plurality of blades 312 are installed on the fixed blade 303.
A plurality of blades 314 are provided on the annular fixing plate 315.

On the upstream side of the cylindrical casing 301, an inlet 305 for the raw material powder and the inflowing air introduced via the raw material hopper 307 and the vibrating feeder 308 is provided. A discharge port 306 is provided on the downstream side of the inlet 305 and is connected to a collection cyclone 309 outside the system or a bag filter 310 communicating with the suction blower 311. Such a device is used as a continuous mixing device.

However, in such an apparatus, the gap between the stirring blade 302 and the side wall of the apparatus is wide, the collision force of the toner particles on the side wall is weak, and toner particles having a non-uniform surface treatment are likely to be generated. Improvement is desired.

[0020]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating the surface of toner particles, which solves the above problems.

An object of the present invention is to provide a treatment method capable of efficiently treating the surface of toner particles.

An object of the present invention is to provide a treatment method capable of uniformly treating the surface of toner particles.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for treating the surface of toner particles in which the toner particles are less likely to be fused in the apparatus.

An object of the present invention is to provide a treatment apparatus and a treatment method for the surface of toner particles in which coarse agglomerates of toner particles are less likely to occur.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating the surface of toner particles, which is capable of efficiently adhering and / or fixing solid particles on the surface of toner mother particles.

An object of the present invention is to provide a processing method which can efficiently process the surface of toner particles at a low processing cost.

The object of the present invention is to obtain a shape factor S of toner particles.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating the surface of toner particles for efficiently reducing F-1.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating the surface of toner particles for producing toner particles for electrostatic image development which are excellent in developability and transferability.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating the surface of toner particles, which can efficiently produce toner particles having a small shape factor SF-1 from amorphous solid toner particles.

[0030]

According to the present invention, there is provided a first cylindrical processing chamber, a first rotary rotor having a rotary drive shaft contained in the first cylindrical processing chamber and a plurality of blades on the front surface. A surface treatment device comprising at least a surface treatment device comprising: a blade height H _a ; and a gap between the tip of the blade and the front wall L _1a . If the longest diameter of the rotating rotor is R _1a and the gap between the blade and the side wall of the first cylindrical processing chamber is L _2a , then H
_a , L _1a , R _1a and L _2a are under the following conditions

[0031]

[Equation 5] Is set to satisfy the above condition, and by rotating the rotary drive shaft, the first rotating rotor is rotated, and the powder is supplied from the powder supply port provided at the center of the front wall of the first cylindrical processing chamber. Toner particles are introduced into the first cylindrical processing chamber together with air, and mechanical impact force is applied to the toner particles while retaining the toner particles in the first cylindrical processing chamber to process the surface of the toner particles. The surface of the toner particles that discharges the generated toner particles from a first powder discharge port provided at the center of the first rear wall of the first cylindrical processing chamber facing the back surface of the first rotating rotor. Is the treatment method of the blade and the first
The velocity v _{1 of} the air passing through the gap between the side wall of the cylindrical processing chamber and the peripheral speed w ₁ of the outermost edge of the rotating rotor are as follows.

[0032]

[Equation 6] And a method for treating the surface of toner particles.

[0033]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The processing apparatus used for the surface treatment of toner particles in the present invention is a machine for converting the surface of toner particles having large shape factors SF-1 and SF-2 into toner particles without destroying the toner particles. Of the shape factor S of the toner particles by applying a static impact force and rubbing the surface of the toner particles.
It can be used as a modifier of toner particles for reducing F-1 and SF-2. The toner particles have a spherical shape or a shape close to a spherical shape due to the surface treatment, so that the fluidity is improved.

The flow velocity v _{1 of} the air passing through the gap between the blade and the side wall of the first cylindrical processing chamber and the peripheral speed w ₁ of the outermost edge of the rotary rotor are as follows.

[0035]

[Equation 7] Since the surface of the toner particles is treated by operating so as to satisfy the relationship of 1., the treatment strength is not too high and the toner particles are not excessively pulverized. On the contrary, it is possible to give an excessive residence time in the apparatus. Thus, the surface treatment of the toner particles can be performed efficiently and inexpensively.

By using the surface treatment method of the present invention, it is efficient to make the shape of the toner particles of the toner for developing an electrostatic image having an irregular shape spherical or to make the toner particles round. The specific surface area Sr per unit weight of the toner particles is 0.5 to 1.
It is 4 m ² / g, and the charge amount per unit weight of the toner particles (two-component method) can be efficiently made to toner particles of 16 to 50 μC / g (more preferably 18 to 30 μC / g). is there.

When the toner particles are made spherical, the toner particles are less likely to be crushed in the developing device, the particle size distribution fluctuates, the charge amount distribution is less likely to be broad, and the background fog and reversal fog can be suppressed, and the toner flow can be suppressed. You can improve your sex.
Further, the specific surface area Sr of the toner particles is 0.5 to 1.4 m ^2.
/ G, and the charge amount per unit weight of the toner particles (two-component method) is 16 to 50 μC / g (more preferably 18 to
When it is set to 30 μC / g), the transfer efficiency of the toner image at the time of transfer from the electrostatic image carrier to the transfer material can be prevented from being lowered, and the dropout of the line image can be improved.

Toner particle shape factors SF-1 and SF-
2 is defined as follows.

For example, as a measuring device, Hitachi Ltd.
Using a FE-SEM (S-800) manufactured by Japan, 100 random images of toner particles of 2 μm or more magnified 1000 times were randomly sampled, and the image information was transmitted via an interface, for example, an image analysis device manufactured by Nicolet ( Luzex I
The calculated values obtained by the following equation after being introduced into II) and analyzed are defined as shape factors SF-1 and SF-2.

[0040]

[Equation 8] (Where MXLNG is the absolute maximum length of solid particles, PERI
ME represents the perimeter of the toner particles, and AREA represents the projected area of the toner particles. )

The shape factor SF-1 indicates the degree of roundness of toner particles, and the shape factor SF-2 indicates the degree of unevenness of toner particles. An ideal sphere with a smooth surface shows SF-1 and SF-2 of 100.

When the processing method of the present invention is used, the shape factor SF-1 is 150 to 180 before the processing, and the shape factor S
It is possible to make toner particles having F-2 of 140 to 160 have a shape factor SF-1 of 130 to 160 after the treatment and to reduce the shape factor SF-2 after the treatment by 20 or more. It is possible to set it to 110 to 150 and make it 10 or more smaller than that before the treatment.

The toner particles have a weight average particle diameter of 2.5 to 2
The thickness is preferably 0 μm (more preferably 3.0 to 15 μm) in order to perform uniform surface treatment.

The particle size distribution, weight average particle size and volume average particle size of the toner particles are measured by the following methods.

As a measuring device, a Coulter counter TA-II type or a Coulter Multisizer II is used.
(Manufactured by Coulter) was used. As the electrolytic solution, a 1% NaCl aqueous solution is prepared using first grade sodium chloride. For example,
ISOTONR-II (made by Coulter Scientific Japan) can be used. As a measuring method, a surfactant (preferably alkylbenzene sulfonate) is used as a dispersant in 100 to 150 ml of the electrolytic aqueous solution.
0.1 to 5 ml, and a measurement sample of 2 to 20 mg
Add. The electrolytic solution in which the sample is suspended is about 1 to
The dispersion treatment is performed for 3 minutes, the volume and the number distribution of the toner particles are measured by using the 100 μm aperture as the aperture, and the volume distribution and the number distribution are calculated.

The weight average particle diameter and the volume average particle diameter are calculated from the measured volume distribution of the toner particles. At the time of measurement, the median value of each channel is used as a representative value for each channel.

Furthermore, the treatment method of the present invention is an external addition method in which solid child particles smaller than the solid toner mother particles are attached to the surface of the solid toner mother particles, and the solid child particles are externally added to the surface of the mother particles. Can also be used. In this case, the solid toner mother particles preferably have a weight average particle diameter of 2.5 to 20 μm (more preferably 3.0 to 15 μm) for uniform external addition. It is preferable that the solid child particles have a particle diameter of 1/5 or less (more preferably 1/10 or less) that of the solid mother particles.

Further, according to the treatment method of the present invention, solid child particles smaller than the solid toner mother particles are fixed or driven onto the surface of the solid toner mother particles, and the surface of the solid toner mother particles is surface-modified with the solid child particles. It can be used as a modification method for In this case, the solid toner mother particles have a weight average particle diameter of 2.5 to 20 μm (more preferably 3.
It is preferably 0 to 15 μm) for uniform surface modification. It is preferable that the solid child particles have a particle diameter that is ⅕ or less (more preferably 1/10 or less) that of the solid toner mother particles.

Further, in the processing method of the present invention, thermoplastic solid child particles smaller than the solid toner mother particles are attached to and / or fixed to the surface of the solid toner mother particles, and the solid toner mother particles and the solid child particles are It can be used as a dry encapsulation method for crushing solid child particles while applying mechanical impact force and heat to form a coating film derived from the solid child particles on the surface of solid toner mother particles. At that time, the solid toner mother particles preferably have a weight average particle diameter of 2.5 to 20 μm (more preferably 3.0 to 15 μm) in order to form a film on the surface of the solid toner mother particles. It is preferable that the solid child particles have a particle diameter of 1/5 or less (more preferably 1/10 or less) that of the solid mother particles. Further, the solid child particles have a glass transition point of 50 to 1
It is preferably formed of a resin at 00 ° C (more preferably 55 to 95 ° C).

Furthermore, the treatment method of the present invention can be used as a modifying method for modifying the surface of solid toner particles by treating the surface of solid toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant. For example, the binder resin and the colorant are melt-kneaded, the kneaded product is cooled, and the cooled kneaded product is crushed,
The obtained pulverized product is classified to obtain solid toner particles, and the obtained solid toner particles are treated by the treatment method of the present invention to reduce the shape factors SF-1 and SF-2 of the solid toner particles, The developability and transferability of the solid toner particles can be improved.

[0051]

The method for treating the surface of solid toner particles of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a system for treating the surface of solid toner particles incorporating the treating apparatus I used in the present invention, FIG. 2 shows a partial sectional view of the treating apparatus I, and FIG.
Shows an enlarged view of a part of a partial cross-sectional view of the processing apparatus I.

In the processing apparatus I shown in FIG. 2, four cylindrical processing chambers are connected in the cylindrical casing 1 and are provided.
The first to fourth cylindrical processing chambers 29a to 29d include rotary rotors 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d each having eight blades fixed to the rotary drive shaft 3 with a key 5 (see FIG. 8). Has been done. Rotating rotors 2a, 2b, 2c
And 2d are rotated by the rotary drive shaft 3 in the same direction as the hands of the clock. The rotary drive shaft 3 is rotatably supported by the bearings 11 and 12, and the rotation of the electric motor 34 is transmitted by the belt wound around the pulley 4 at the lower end to rotate at high speed. FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a rotary drive shaft having four rotary rotors. The rotary rotors 2 a, 2 connected to the rotary drive shaft 3 as the rotary drive shaft 3 rotates.
b, 2c and 2d rotate.

Solid particles in the fixed amount supply device 16 shown in FIG. 1 pass through the vibration feeder 15, the hopper 32 and the powder supply pipe 31, and the central portion of the front wall 33 of the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a. Is introduced into the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a together with air from the powder supply port 30 provided in the suction blower 24 by the suction force of the suction blower 24. The solid particles introduced into the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a are generated from the rotation of the rotary rotor 2a having eight blades from the center direction to the side wall 7a.
Is collided with the side wall 7a of the first cylindrical processing chamber by the air flow to and the surface of the solid particles is processed. Solid particles are the first
Is subjected to surface treatment while convection in the space of the cylindrical processing chamber of, and then passes through the gap between the side wall 7a and the blade 9a, and then the back surface of the rotating rotor 2a and the first rear wall 8a ("the guide plate 8").
a ”or“ second front wall 33b ”), and is discharged from a first powder discharge port 10a provided at the center of the first rear wall 8a. In the processing device I,
The first powder discharge port 10a also serves as the powder supply port of the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b, and the solid particles pass through the first powder discharge port 10a and then the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b. Will be introduced in the central part of. In the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b, the first
The solid particles surface-treated in the cylindrical processing chamber 29a are further surface-treated by rotating the rotary rotor 2b having eight blades in the same manner as in the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a. The solid particles surface-treated in the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b are the third and fourth cylindrical processing chambers 29c and 29d.
Is further surface treated. A sectional view taken along the line AA 'shown in FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 8, and a sectional view taken along the line BB' is shown in FIG.

The solid particles surface-treated in the fourth cylindrical processing chamber 29d are the fourth solid particles provided in the central portion of the guide plate 8d.
Through the powder discharge port 10d, and through the discharge port 13a of the discharge pipe 13 provided in the tangential direction of the cylindrical casing 1,
It is stored in the cyclone 20 through the connecting pipe 17. The surface-treated solid particles stored in the cyclone 20 are
It is properly taken out from the valve 21. Side wall 7 of processing device I
When (7a to 7d) is subjected to a surface treatment for reducing the shape factor SF-1 of the solid particles, it is preferable that the surface is not uneven.

The processing device I, the cyclone 20, the bag filter 22, and the suction blower 24 are connected by a communication means such as a pipe. The amount of suction by the suction blower 24 is observed by the flow meter 44, and the valves 19a and 19a
It is possible to adjust the suction amount with b. The fine powder stored in the bag filter 22 is appropriately taken out from the valve 23. It is preferable that the cylindrical casing 1 has a jacket structure, and cooling water, warm water, or heated steam is caused to flow therethrough to adjust the temperature in the cylindrical processing chamber.

In the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a, the height H _a of the blade 9a installed integrally with the first rotating rotor 2a and the gap L _1a between the tip of the blade 9a and the front wall 33. And the longest diameter R _{1a of} the first rotating rotor 2a,
The gap L _2a between the blade 9a and the side wall 7a of the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a has the following condition.

[0058]

[Equation 9] Are satisfied. L_2a/ R_1aIs preferably 1.5 × 1
0^-3 Through 85.0 × 10^-3 , And more preferably 2.0 ×
10^-3Through 80.0 × 10^-3 Is good. This makes the first
Even in the cylindrical processing chamber 29a of FIG.
9a and the side wall 7a efficiently receive a mechanical impact force,
Further, the solid particles convect in the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a.
By doing so, the residence time can be lengthened, so it is uniform and efficient.
It is possible to perform solid surface treatments on the solid particles.

For more efficient surface treatment,
H _a is 10.0 to 500.0 mm (more preferably,
20.0 to 400.0 mm) and L _1a is 1 to 3
00 mm (more preferably 5 to 200 mm) and R _1a is 100 to 2000 mm (more preferably
150 to 1000 mm) and L _2a is 1.0 to 1
5.0 mm (more preferably 1.0 to 10.0 mm)
Is good.

The first rotary rotor 2a preferably has 2 to 32 blades (more preferably 4 to 16 blades) for efficient surface treatment of solid particles. FIG. 4 is a plan view of a rotary rotor in which eight blades 9a are formed integrally with the rotary rotor 2a in a radial pattern at substantially equal intervals, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary rotor taken along line C-C '. 6 shows a perspective view of the rotating rotor. The rotary rotor 2 a has a boss portion 2 a ′ in order to enhance the connectivity with the rotary drive shaft 3. The rotating rotor 2a increases the residence time of solid particles,
Further, in order to efficiently generate a mechanical impact force on the solid particles on the side wall, the height H _a of the blade is preferably longer than the half width W _{a of the} blade, and more preferably H _a is W _a.
It is better to be 1.1 to 2.0 times longer than that.

Internal volume V in the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a_a
Is 1 × 10³ Through 4 × 10⁶ cm³And the blade 9
The area Sa of one sheet of a is 10 to 300 cm²And
The half width Wa of the blade 9a is 10 to 300 mm.
Is preferable for prolonging the residence time of the solid particles.

Further, the longest diameter R _{4a of} the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a is preferably 100.5 to 2020 mm, and the longest diameter of the powder supply port 30 is 50 to 5 mm.
00 mm, the longest diameter R _{3a of} the first powder discharge port 10a
Is 50 to 500 mm, and the longest diameter R _2a of the boss portion 2a ′ of the rotary rotor 2a is preferably 30 to 450 mm for efficient surface treatment.

The rear surface of the rotating rotor 2a and the first rear wall 8a.
The gap L _3a with respect to can be adjusted by changing the height of the spacer 14, and the size of the gap L _3a and the longest diameter R _3a.
And the longest diameter R _2a , the rotation number of the rotary rotor, and the suction amount of the suction blower 24 are adjusted to adjust the degree of treatment of the surface of the solid particles in the first cylindrical treatment chamber 29a.

The gap L _3a is 1 to 30 mm,
It is preferable for prolonging the residence time of the solid particles.

Furthermore, the longest diameter R _1a of the rotary rotor 2a,
The longest diameter R _{3a of} the first powder discharge port provided on the first rear wall 8a is the following condition.

[0066]

[Equation 10] Is preferably satisfied, and more preferably,
R _1a , R _2a and R _3a are the following conditions

[0067]

[Equation 11] It is good to be satisfied.

The peripheral speed of the outermost edge of the rotary rotor is 10 when the surface treatment for reducing SF-1 of the toner particles is performed.
To 200 m / sec, more preferably 50 to 150 m / sec
Seconds are good for efficient processing. that time,
The rotary rotor is preferably rotated at 90 to 40,000 rpm, more preferably 900 to 20,000.
It is good to rotate at 0 rpm.

When the surface of the solid mother particles is treated by adhering or / and fixing the solid mother particles smaller than the solid mother particles on the surface of the solid mother particles, the peripheral speed of the outermost edge of the rotating rotor is The rotation speed is preferably 10 to 200 m / sec, more preferably 50 to 150 m / sec, and the rotary rotor is preferably rotated at 90 to 40,000 rpm, and more preferably 900 to 20,000 rp.
It is good to rotate at m.

Thermoplastic solid child particles smaller than the solid mother particles are attached or / and fixed to the surface of the solid mother particles while being softened by heat, and a coating film derived from the solid child particles is formed on the surface of the solid mother particles. In this case, the peripheral speed of the outermost edge of the rotary rotor is preferably 10 to 200 m / sec, more preferably 50 to 150 m / sec. At that time, the rotating rotor is 90 to 40,000 rp.
It is preferable to rotate at m, more preferably 900 to 20,000 rpm.

In order to efficiently process the surface of the toner particles, it is preferable that a plurality of cylindrical processing chambers be provided, and it is more preferable that the plurality of cylindrical processing chambers be in communication with each other. The number of cylindrical processing chambers is preferably 2 to 10 (more preferably 3 to 10), and the surface of the toner particles is continuously treated by the blade and the side wall of the rotating rotor in each cylindrical processing chamber. To be done.

In the cylindrical processing chambers after the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a, the same conditions as those in the case of the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a described above are satisfied, which means that the surface is uniformly treated. It is preferable for efficiently obtaining solid particles.

For example, the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 communicates with the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a through the powder discharge port 10a which the first rear wall 8a has in the central portion. Therefore, the solid powder subjected to the surface treatment in the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a is introduced from the powder discharge port 10a to the central portion of the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b and further processed.

In the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b, the height _Hb of the blade 9b integrally installed on the second rotary rotor 2b, the tip of the blade 9b and the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a. The rear wall of the second cylindrical processing chamber 2
The gap L _1b with the guide plate 8a which is also the front wall of 9b, the longest diameter R _{1b of} the second rotating rotor 2b, and the gap L _2b with the blade 9b and the side wall 7b of the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b. ,
The following conditions

[0075]

[Equation 12] Are satisfied. L_2b/ R_1bIs preferably 1.5 × 1
0^-3 Through 85.0 × 10^-3 , And more preferably 2.0 × 1
0^-3Through 80.0 × 10^-3 Is good. This allows the second
Even in the cylindrical processing chamber 29b, the toner particles are not removed by the blade.
9b and the side wall 7b efficiently receive a mechanical impact force,
Further, the toner particles convection in the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b.
By doing so, the residence time can be lengthened, so uniform and efficient
It is possible to perform good surface treatments on the toner particles.

For more efficient surface treatment,
_Hb is 10.0 to 500.0 mm (more preferably,
20.0 to 400.0 mm) and L _1b is 1 to 3
00 mm (more preferably 5 to 200 mm) and R _1b is 100 to 2000 mm (more preferably
150 to 1000 mm) and L _2b is 1.0 to 1
5.0 mm (more preferably 1.0 to 10.0 mm)
Is good.

The second rotary rotor 2b preferably has 2 to 32 blades (more preferably 4 to 16 blades) for efficient surface treatment of toner particles. The rotating rotor 2b lengthens the residence time of the toner particles, and further, in order to efficiently generate a mechanical impact force on the toner particles on the side wall, the height _{Hb of the} blade is
It is preferable that the half width of the blade be longer than W _b , and more preferable that H _b be 1.1 to 2.0 times longer than W _b .

Internal volume V in the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b_b
Is 1 × 10³ Through 4 × 10⁶ cm³And the blade 9
Area S of one sheet of b_bIs 10 to 300 cm²And blur
Half-width W of code 9b_bIs 10 to 300 mm
It is preferable for prolonging the residence time of the toner particles.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b has a maximum diameter R _4b of 100.5 to 2020 mm, and the powder discharge port 10a has a maximum diameter of 50 to 500 m. Longest diameter R _3b of powder discharge port 10b
Is 50 to 500 mm, and the longest diameter R _2b of the boss portion 2b ′ of the rotary rotor 2b is preferably 30 to 450 mm for efficient surface treatment.

The rear surface of the rotating rotor 2b and the second rear wall 8b
The gap L _3b can be adjusted by changing the height of the spacer, and the gap L _3b is 1.0 to 30.0 mm.
Is preferable in order to prolong the residence time of the solid particles.

Furthermore, the longest diameter R _1b of the rotary rotor 2b,
The longest diameter R _{3b of} the second powder discharging port provided on the second rear wall 8b is the following condition.

[0082]

[Equation 13] Is preferably satisfied, and more preferably,
R _1b , R _2b and R _3b are the following conditions

[0083]

[Equation 14] It is good to be satisfied.

For example, the peripheral speed of the blade 9a is 10
Rotate the rotor at 0m / sec and blower 2
4 is actuated to suck the air flow rate generated by the rotation of the blade 9a, or a slightly larger air flow rate than that, from each processing chamber. The suction air volume can be adjusted by operating the valve 19b while watching the flow meter 44. As a result, air is sucked from the raw material feeding hopper 32, and the toner particles first enter the cylindrical surface treatment chamber 29a through the raw material feeding pipe 31 and the raw material feeding passage 30, and then enter the next cylindrical surface treatment from the hollow portion of the guide 8a. After entering the chamber 29b, the hollow surface of the guide 8b is passed through the cylindrical surface treatment chamber 29c, and further from the hollow portion of the guide 8c through the cylindrical surface treatment chamber 29d, the discharge port 10, the discharge pipe 19, the cyclone 20, and the bag filter 22 are connected. It is discharged from the system through the blower 24. Here, the peripheral speed of the blade 9 is more preferably in the range of 30 to 150 m / s. When the speed is less than 30 m / s, the impact force on the toner particle group is reduced, the processing takes time, and the efficiency is reduced. On the other hand, giving a speed of more than 150 m / s tends to break the toner particles. However, even within the above speed range, the particles may be crushed depending on the particle size, physical properties, etc. of the particles to be surface-treated by the method of the present invention. Alternatively, it is preferable to select an optimum peripheral speed that suppresses crushing as much as possible.

The apparatus system shown in FIG. 10 and the processing apparatus shown in FIG. 11 are schematic explanatory views of an apparatus in which a rotary drive shaft is arranged in the horizontal direction.

An example of the method for treating the surface of solid particles using the apparatus system having the treatment apparatus I will be described more specifically with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

In the processing apparatus I shown in FIG. 1, four rotary rotors are installed in the vertical direction, and the rotary drive shaft 3 is driven by an electric motor 34 so that the peripheral speed of the outermost edges of the rotary rotors 2a to 2d is, for example, Rotate at 100 m / sec. The number of rotations of the rotary rotors 2a to 2d at this time is, for example, 79
It is 00 rpm. Further, the suction blower 24 is operated to suck an air volume equal to or larger than the air flow rate generated by the rotation of the blades 9a to 9d. The amount of suction air from the suction blower may be adjusted by operating the valves 19a and 19b while looking at the flow meter 44. Vibration feeder 1
5, the toner particles are sucked and introduced into the hopper together with the air, and the introduced toner particles are introduced into the central portion of the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a through the powder supply pipe 31 and the powder supply port 30. In the first cylindrical processing chamber 29a, the surface treatment is performed by the blade and the side wall, and then the surface-treated toner particles pass through the first powder discharge port 10a provided in the central portion of the guide plate 8a, Second cylindrical processing chamber 29b
It is introduced into the central part of and is subjected to surface treatment by the blade and the side wall.

The toner particles surface-treated in the second cylindrical processing chamber 29b pass through the second powder discharge port 10b provided in the central portion of the guide plate 8b and the third cylindrical processing chamber 29b.
Introduced into the central portion of c, further subjected to surface treatment by the blade and the side wall, and further, through a third powder discharge port 10c provided in the central portion of the guide plate 8c, a fourth cylindrical processing chamber 29d. The toner particles are introduced into the central part of the and are subjected to surface treatment by the blade and the side wall. The air carrying the toner particles is supplied to the first to fourth cylindrical processing chambers 2
9a to 29d, discharge pipe 13, pipe 17, cyclone 20, bag filter 22, and suction blower 2
It is discharged to the outside of the system of the apparatus through the unit 4.

In the cylindrical processing chamber, the introduced toner particles are momentarily subjected to mechanical impact by the blade, and further collide with the side wall to be subjected to mechanical impact force.
Due to the rotation of the blade of a predetermined size installed on the rotating rotor, convection that circulates from the central portion to the outer periphery and from the outer peripheral portion to the central portion is generated in the space above the surface of the rotating rotor, and the toner particles are generated in the cylindrical processing chamber Stay in and undergo surface treatment. The residence time of the toner particles is adjusted by the rotation speed of the rotating rotor, the number of rotations, the height and width of the blades, the number of blades, and also by the suction air volume of the suction blower.

By passing through each of the cylindrical processing chambers, the surface of the toner particles was continuously and efficiently treated, and the surface treatment of each toner particle was uniform.

Next, the surface treatment when the toner particles or the solid toner mother particles are toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant will be specifically described below.

As the binder resin for forming the toner particles, known resins can be used. For example, polystyrene; homopolymers of styrene substitution products such as poly-p-chlorostyrene and polyvinyltoluene; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymers, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymers, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymers, styrene. −
Acrylic ester copolymer, styrene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-α-chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer Styrene-based copolymers such as polymers, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile-indene copolymers; maleic acid resins, acrylic resins, methacryl resin,
Silicone resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin,
Furan resin, epoxy resin, xylene resin and the like can be mentioned. In particular, styrene copolymer, polyester resin and epoxy resin are preferable binder resins.

Comonomers for the styrene monomer of the styrene copolymer include acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methacrylic acid. Acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, monocarboxylic acid having a double bond such as acrylamide or a substituted product thereof; maleic acid, butyl maleate, methyl maleate , A dicarboxylic acid having a double bond such as dimethyl maleate and its substitution products; vinyl esters such as vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and vinyl benzoate; olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butylene; vinyl. Ethyl ketone, such as vinyl vinyl hexyl ketone, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, such as vinyl ether vinyl isobutyl ether. These vinyl monomers are used alone or in combination. As a cross-linking agent,
A compound having two or more polymerizable double bonds is mainly used. For example, aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinylnaphthalene; carboxylic acid esters having two double bonds such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate; divinylaniline and divinyl ether. , A divinyl compound such as divinyl sulfide and divinyl sulfone; and a compound having three or more vinyl groups. These are used alone or as a mixture.

As the colorant, inorganic pigments, organic dyes and organic pigments are used.

Examples of the black colorant include those which are toned in black by using a magnetic material such as carbon black, magnetite or ferrite, or a yellow / magenta / cyan colorant.

The non-magnetic black colorant such as carbon black is used in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

Examples of the magnetic substance include metal oxides containing iron as a main component and optional elements such as cobalt, nickel, copper, magnesium or manganese. Of these, magnetic substances containing iron oxide as a main component, such as ferrosoferric oxide and γ-iron oxide, are preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of controlling the chargeability of the magnetic toner, the magnetic material may contain other metal element such as silicon element or aluminum element. The BET specific surface area of these magnetic materials by the nitrogen adsorption method is preferably ^{2 to} 30 m ² / g, and particularly preferably 3 to 28 m ² / g. The magnetic substance is preferably a magnetic substance having a Mohs hardness of 5 to 7.

The shape of the magnetic material is 8 with little anisotropy.
Hedrons, hexahedrons and spheres are preferable for increasing the image density.
The number average particle diameter of the magnetic substance is preferably 0.05 to 1.0 μm, more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 μm, and further preferably 0.1 to 0.4 μm.

The magnetic substance is 30 per 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
To 200 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 200 parts by weight, and more preferably 50 to 150 parts by weight. If the amount is less than 30 parts by weight, in a developing device using magnetic force for toner transportation, the transportability is lowered, unevenness is likely to occur in the developer layer on the developer carrying member, and further the image density is lowered due to the rise of tribo. easy. On the other hand, if the amount exceeds 200 parts by weight, the fixability of the magnetic toner deteriorates.

Examples of yellow colorants include condensed azo compounds, isoindolinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds,
Compounds represented by azo metal complexes, methine compounds and allylamide compounds are used. Specifically, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 6
2, 74, 83, 93, 94, 95, 97, 109, 1
10, 111, 120, 127, 128, 129, 14
7, 168, 174, 176, 180, 181, 191
Etc. are preferably used.

As the magenta colorant, a condensed azo compound, a diketopyrrolopyrrole compound, an anthraquinone, a quinacridone compound, a basic dye lake compound, a naphthol compound, a benzimidazolone compound, a thioindigo compound, and a perylene compound are used. Specifically, C.I.
I. Pigment Red 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 23, 4
8; 2, 48; 3, 48; 4, 57; 1, 81; 1, 1
44, 146, 166, 169, 177, 184, 18
5,202,206,220,221,254 are particularly preferred.

As the cyan colorant, a copper phthalocyanine compound and its derivative, an anthraquinone compound, a basic dye lake compound and the like can be used. Specifically, C.I. I.
Pigment Blue 1, 7, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2,
15: 3, 15: 4, 60, 62, 66 and the like can be used particularly preferably.

These non-magnetic chromatic colorants may be used alone or in combination, or in the form of solid solution. Chromatic colorants include hue angle, saturation, lightness, weather resistance, O
HP transparency and dispersibility in the toner are selected.
The chromatic colorant is 1 to 20 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
Good to use parts by weight.

It is preferable to include wax in the toner particles from the viewpoint of improving the releasability from the fixing means and the fixing property when fixing the toner image. Examples of the wax include paraffin wax and its derivatives, microcrystalline wax and its derivatives, Fischer-Tropsch wax and its derivatives, polyolefin wax and its derivatives, ester wax and its derivatives, and the like.
Examples of the derivative include oxides, block copolymers with vinyl monomers, and graft modified products.

It is preferable that the charge control agent is blended (internal addition) with the toner particles or mixed with the toner particles (external addition). The charge control agent makes it possible to control the optimum charge amount according to the developing system, and in particular, it is possible to further stabilize the balance between the particle size distribution and the charge amount. An organometallic complex or chelate compound is used to control the toner to be negatively charged. Examples thereof include a monoazo metal complex, an acetylacetone metal complex, an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid metal complex, and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid metal complex. Other examples include aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aromatic mono- and polycarboxylic acids and their metal salts, anhydrides and esters; and phenol derivatives such as bisphenol.

To control the toner to be positively charged, a modified product with nigrosine and a fatty acid metal salt; a quaternary ammonium salt such as tributylbenzylammonium-1-hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate; Onium salts such as phosphonium salts and lake pigments thereof; triphenylmethane dyes and lake pigments thereof (as a laker, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic molybdic acid, tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid,
Ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, etc.); metal salts of higher fatty acids; diorganotin oxides such as dibutyltin oxide, dioctyltin oxide, dicyclohexyltin oxide; Can be mentioned. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The above-mentioned charge control agents are preferably used in the form of fine particles, and in this case, the number average particle diameter of these charge control agents is preferably 4 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or less. When these charge control agents are internally added to the toner particles, it is preferable to use 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, particularly 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

As a method for producing toner particles before surface treatment, a binder resin, a colorant, a wax, a charge control agent and the like are uniformly dispersed using a pressure kneader, an extruder or a media disperser, A method for producing toner particles by a pulverization method in which a toner is mechanically pulverized or collided with a target under a jet stream to be finely pulverized to a desired toner particle diameter, and then a particle size distribution is sharpened through a classification step to generate toner particles. A method of atomizing a molten mixture into air using a disk or a multi-fluid nozzle described in JP-B-56-13945 to obtain toner particles; JP-B-36-10
No. 231, JP-A-59-53856, and JP-A-59-61842, a method of directly producing toner particles by using the suspension polymerization method; An emulsion polymerization method typified by a dispersion polymerization method of directly producing toner particles by using an organic solvent in which a polymer produced is insoluble or a soap-free polymerization method of directly producing a toner particle by directly polymerizing in the presence of a water-soluble polar polymerization initiator is used. Can be mentioned.

Shape factor SF-1 produced by the grinding method
And the toner particles having a large SF-2 are processed by the surface treatment apparatus of the present invention to produce toner particles having a small shape factor SF-1 and SF-2. It is preferable because transferability is improved.

In the present invention, in the mechanical impact method, the thermomechanical impact of adding the processing temperature to the temperature (Tg ± 10 ° C.) near the glass transition point Tg of the toner particles prevents aggregation.
It is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity. More preferably, it is carried out at a temperature in the range of the glass transition point Tg ± 5 ° C. of the toner,
It is particularly effective in reducing the pores having a radius of 10 nm or more on the surface to effectively operate the inorganic fine powder externally added to the toner particles and improving the transfer efficiency.

The glass transition point of the toner particles or the binder resin is measured by a differential thermal analysis measuring device (DSC measuring device), DSC-
7 (manufactured by Perkin Elmer) is used for measurement.

The measurement sample is 5 to 20 mg, preferably 10
Precisely weigh mg.

This was placed in an aluminum pan, and an empty aluminum pan was used as a reference, and the measurement temperature range was 30 to 20.
The measurement is performed at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C / min between 0 ° C and normal temperature and normal humidity.

In this temperature rising process, an endothermic peak of the main peak in the temperature range of 40 to 100 ° C. is obtained.

At this time, the glass transition temperature Tg is defined as the intersection of the line at the midpoint of the baseline before and after the appearance of the endothermic peak and the differential heat curve.

The surface-treated toner particles are usually mixed with an external additive to form a toner. The obtained toner is also used as a one-component developer, or mixed with carrier particles and used as a two-component developer. As the external additive, an inorganic fine powder or an inorganic fine powder whose surface is organically treated is used.

As the inorganic fine powder, silica, alumina, titania or a complex oxide thereof is preferable in order to improve charge stability, developability, fluidity and storage stability. As the silica, both a dry method produced by vapor phase oxidation of a silicon halide or an alkoxide, or a dry silica called fumed silica and a wet silica produced from alkoxide, water glass or the like can be used. There are few silanol groups on the surface and inside the silica fine powder, and Na ₂
Dry silica having less production residue such as O and SO ₃ ²⁻ is preferable. In the case of dry silica, it is also possible to obtain a composite fine powder of silica and another metal oxide by using another metal halogen compound such as aluminum chloride and titanium chloride together with the silicon halogen compound in the manufacturing process. It can be used.

The inorganic fine powder has a BET specific surface area of 30 m ² / g or more by nitrogen adsorption measured by the BET method, especially 50 to 50
The range of 400 m ² / g gives good results. The inorganic fine powder is used in an amount of 0.1 to 8 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the toner particles.

The inorganic fine powder has a primary average particle size of 30.
It is preferably nm or less.

Inorganic fine powder may be used, if necessary, for the purpose of hydrophobizing or controlling chargeability, silicone varnish, various modified silicone varnishes, silicone oil, modified silicone oil,
It is preferably treated with a treating agent such as a silane coupling agent, a silane coupling agent having a functional group, or an organic silicon compound or an organic titanium compound. It is also preferable to use a plurality of treatment agents to treat the inorganic fine powder.

In order to maintain a high charge amount and achieve a high transfer rate, it is more preferable that the inorganic fine powder is treated with at least silicone oil.

In order to improve the transferability and / or the cleaning property, in addition to the above inorganic fine powder, the primary particle diameter exceeds 30 nm (preferably the specific surface area is 50 m ² / g).
Less), more preferably 50 nm or more (preferably a specific surface area of less than 30 m ² / g), inorganic or organic particles having a near spherical shape are further added to produce a toner. For example, spherical silica particles, spherical polymethylsilsesquioxane particles, and spherical resin particles are preferably used.

Other external additives may be externally added to the toner particles as long as they do not have a substantial adverse effect. For example, lubricant powder such as Teflon powder, zinc stearate powder, polyvinylidene fluoride powder; abrasive such as cerium oxide powder, silicon carbide powder, calcium titanate powder, strontium titanate powder; anti-caking agent; carbon black powder, zinc oxide Conductivity-imparting agents such as powders and tin oxide powders; organic fine particles and inorganic fine particles having a polarity opposite to that of the toner particles.

When the surface treatment is performed by using the treatment method of the present invention, it is efficient to make the shape of the toner particles having an irregular shape spherical, or at least spherical toner particles having rounded toner particles. Further, the specific surface area Sr of the toner particles per unit weight is 0.5 to 1.
Toner particles having a charge amount of 4 m ² / g and a charge amount per unit weight of the toner (two-component method) of 16.0 to 50.0 mC / kg (more preferably 18.0 to 30.0 mC / kg). It can be generated efficiently.

When the toner particles are spheroidized, the toner is less likely to be crushed in the developing device, the particle size distribution fluctuates, the charge amount distribution is less likely to be broad, and the background fog and reversal fog can be suppressed, and the fluidity of the toner can be suppressed. Can be improved. When the specific surface area Sr of the toner and the amount of charge per unit weight of the toner are within the above ranges, the transfer efficiency of the toner image at the time of transfer from the electrostatic image carrier to the transfer material is increased, and the line image dropout is prevented. Can be improved.

A specific example of an image forming method and an image forming apparatus capable of suitably using the toner produced by the toner manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 24, reference numeral 500 designates a photosensitive member (drum) around which a primary charging roller 517 which is a contact charging device, a developing device 540 which is a developing device, a transfer roller 514 and a register roller 524 are provided. Then, the photosensitive drum 500 is charged to, for example, −700 V by the primary charging roller 517. Bias applying means 5
The DC voltage applied by 31 is, for example, -1350V. Then, the photosensitive drum 500 is exposed by irradiating the photosensitive drum 500 with the laser beam 523 by the laser generator 521 to form a digital electrostatic latent image. The electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 500 is developed with magnetic one-component toner by the developing device 540, and is transferred to the photosensitive drum 5 via the transfer material 527.
Of the transfer material 5 by the transfer roller 514 to which the bias voltage is applied by the bias applying means 534 abutted on the transfer material 5
Transferred onto 27. The transfer material 527 on which the toner image 529 is placed is heated by the conveyance belt 525 to the heating roller 526.
Then, it is carried to a heat and pressure fixing device having a pressure roller 527 and fixed on the transfer material.

The toner remaining on the photosensitive drum 500 after the transfer process is cleaned by a cleaning means such as a cleaning blade 516.

The developing device 540 is provided with a developing sleeve 502 including a magnetic field generating means such as a magnet 504, an elastic blade 503, a magnetic toner 505, and a stirring rod 505. The developing sleeve 502 has a bias applying means. 5
A developing bias is applied by 33.

The charging roller 517 has a central core bar 517.
The basic structure is b and the conductive elastic layer 517a formed on the outer periphery thereof. The charging roller 517 is pressed against the surface of the photosensitive drum 500 with a pressing force,
Rotate 00 and rotate in the counter direction.

Example 1 Styrene-butyl acrylate-divinylbenzene copolymer 100 parts by weight (monomer polymerization weight ratio 80.0 / 19.0 / 1.0, weight average molecular weight Mw 350,000, binder resin) -Magnetic oxidation Iron (average particle size 0.18 μm, colorant) 100 parts by weight Monoazo iron complex (charge control agent) 2 parts by weight Low molecular weight ethylene-propylene copolymer (wax) 4 parts by weight

Henschel mixer (FM-7
After thoroughly mixing with a No. 5 type, manufactured by Mitsui Miike Kakoki Co., Ltd., the mixture was kneaded with a twin-screw kneader (PCM-30 type, manufactured by Ikegai Tekko Co., Ltd.) set at a temperature of 150 ° C. The obtained kneaded product was cooled and roughly crushed to 1 mm or less with a hammer mill to obtain a roughly crushed product. The coarsely pulverized product was finely pulverized by a collision type air flow pulverizer and introduced into an air flow type classifier to have a weight average diameter of 6.7 μm (particle size 4.00).
Contains 15% by number of particles having a size of less than or equal to μm, and a particle size of 10.01μ
Magnetic toner particles containing 2.0 vol% of particles of m or more) were obtained. The untreated magnetic toner particles have a shape factor SF-
1 is 160, SF-2 is 155, the glass transition point is 58 ° C., and the BET specific surface area is 1.65 m ² /
and the tri-component tribo was 12.1 mC / kg.

2 and 3 set as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
The apparatus system shown in FIG. 1 having the vertical processor shown in FIG. 1 was used to treat the surface of the magnetic toner particles.

The magnetic toner particles introduced into the vibration feeder 15 were introduced through the hopper 32 at a rate of 20 kg / hr. The rotation speed of the rotating rotor is 8000 rpm
The peripheral speed of the outermost edge of the rotary rotor was 101 m / sec, and the temperature inside the processing apparatus I was 47 ° C. Further, the values of w ₁ / v _{1 to} w ₄ / v ₄ were adjusted to be about 2.3.

At the time of introducing the magnetic toner particles, the blower 24 was actuated to draw in an air flow which was slightly larger than the air flow generated by the rotation of the blades 9a to 9d from the cylindrical processing chamber and was collected by the cyclone 20. The introduced magnetic toner particles were surface-treated and collected in a time of 20 seconds or less.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles have a weight average particle size of 6.5 μm (particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less are 20 μm).
1.5% particles with a particle size of 10.01 μm or more
Volume%), SF-1 is 145, S
F-2 is 122 and has a BET specific surface area of 0.89 m ^2.
/ G, the binary tribo was -24.1 mC / kg.

100 parts by weight of the surface-treated magnetic toner particles and 1.8 parts by weight of hydrophobic dry silica having a primary average particle diameter of 12 nm which has been hydrophobized with silicone oil and hexamethyldisilazane are mixed to obtain a negative mixture. A magnetic toner for developing an electrostatic image having a charging property was obtained.

The obtained electrostatic charge image developing toner is shown in FIG.
4, an organic photoconductor (OPC) drum is used as a latent electrostatic image bearing member with a digital latent image by laser light (dark portion potential V _d = -700 V, bright portion potential _VL =-).
210 V) was formed. The gap between the photosensitive drum and the developing sleeve is 300 μm, the toner carrier has the following layer thickness of about 7 μm, and the JIS center line average roughness (Ra) is 1.5.
Using a developing sleeve in which a resin layer of μm is formed on an aluminum cylinder having a mirror surface and a diameter of 16 mm, a developing magnetic pole of 95 mT (950 gauss), a toner regulating member made of urethane rubber having a thickness of 1.0 mm and a free length of 10 mm. The blade was brought into contact with the linear pressure of 14.7 N / m (15 g / cm). The toner layer thickness on the developing sleeve was 7 μm.

[0139]   Phenolic resin 100 parts by weight   Graphite (particle size: about 7 μm) 90 parts by weight   Carbon black 10 parts by weight

Next, as a developing bias, a DC bias component V _dc = -500V and an AC bias component V to be superimposed.
_PP = 1200V and frequency f = 2000Hz were used.
The peripheral speed of the developing sleeve is the peripheral speed of the photoconductor (48 mm / sec).
150% in the forward direction (reverse as the rotation direction)
Speed (72 mm / sec).

The digital latent image is developed by the reversal development method,
+ 2000V is applied as the transfer bias, and 23 ℃, 6
Images were printed in a 5% RH environment. 7 for transfer paper
5 g / m ² of paper was used.

At this time, the transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was as high as 94%, and there was no dropout of characters or lines in the transfer, and a good image without scattering on the image was obtained.

The splattering evaluation is a splattering evaluation with fine fine lines related to the image quality of a graphical image, and is more splattering than a splattering in a character or a line.
Scattering on a 00 μm wide line was evaluated. .

The transferability is such that the transfer toner on the solid black photosensitive drum is taped with a Mylar tape to remove it.
The value was evaluated by subtracting the Macbeth density of the tape-only product from the Macbeth density of the product on paper.

According to the BET method, the specific surface area was determined by adsorbing nitrogen gas on the sample surface using a specific surface area measuring device Autosorb 1 (manufactured by Yuasa Ionics Co., Ltd.) and calculating the specific surface area using the BET multipoint method.

Further, the charge amount of the toner particles or the toner by the two-component method (two-component tribo) was measured by the measuring method described below. The measuring device shown in FIG. 23 was used.

In an environment of 23 ° C. and relative humidity of 60%, iron powder (EFV200 / 300, manufactured by Powder Tech Co., Ltd.) was used as a carrier, and 50 to 100 ml of a mixture of 9.5 g of carrier and toner particles or 0.5 g of toner was added. It was put in a polyethylene bottle having a volume and shaken by hand 50 times. Then, 1.0 to 1.2 g of the mixture is put into a metal measuring container 432 having a 500 mesh screen 433 on the bottom, and a metal lid 434 is placed. At this time, the total weight of the measurement container 432 is weighed and set as W ₁ (g). Next, in the suction device (at least the portion in contact with the measurement container 432 is an insulator), suction was performed from the suction port 437 and the air flow rate control valve 436 was adjusted to set the pressure of the vacuum gauge 435 to 2450 Pa (250 mmAq). In this state, suction was performed for 1 minute to remove the toner or the toner by suction. The potential of the electrometer 439 at this time was set to V (volt). Reference numeral 438 is a condenser, and the capacity is C (μ
F). Weigh the entire measuring machine after suction, and weigh W ₂ (k
g). Triboelectric charge of toner particles or toner (mC
/ Kg) was calculated by the following formula.

Triboelectric charge amount (mC / kg) = C × V / (W ₁ −W ₂ ).

Example 2 The amount of untreated magnetic toner particles introduced into the hopper 32 was set to 1
5 kg / hr, the rotation speed of the rotating rotor is 9000 rp
The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that m was set and the values of w ₁ / v _{1 to} w ₄ / v ₄ were set to about 2.6. The surface-treated magnetic toner particles have a weight average particle size of 6.4 μm (22% by number of particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less).
1.5% by volume of particles containing 10.01 μm or more
Contained), SF-1 is 140, SF-2
Is 125, the BET specific surface area is 0.92 m ² / g,
The binary tribo was -22.5 mC / kg.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was A high transfer efficiency of 91% was obtained, a good image was obtained in which there were no voids in the transfer of character lines and there was no scattering on the image.

Example 3 The surface of magnetic toner particles was treated using the apparatus system shown in FIG. 1 with the treatment apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 set up as shown in Tables 1 and 2.

The amount of untreated magnetic toner particles introduced into the hopper 32 was 80 kg / hr, the rotation speed of the rotating rotor was 4200 rpm, and the values of w ₁ / v _{1 to} w ₄ / v ₄ were about 1.2. The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles have a weight average particle size of 6.5 μm (particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less are 19
1.5% particles with a particle size of 10.01 μm or more
Volume ratio), SF-1 is 140, SF-2 is 125, and BET specific surface area is 0.8.
It was 8 m ² / g and the binary tribo was -21.3 mC / kg.

Using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, a magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was A high transfer efficiency of 92% was obtained, and a good image was obtained in which there were no voids in the transfer of character lines and there was no scattering on the image.

Example 4 100 parts by weight of unsaturated polyester resin (binder resin) 100 parts by weight of magnetic iron oxide (average particle size 0.18 μm, colorant) 2 parts by weight of monoazo iron complex (charge control agent) Low molecular weight ethylene-propylene copolymer (wax) 4 parts by weight

Henschel mixer (FM-7
The mixture was thoroughly mixed with a No. 5 type, manufactured by Mitsui Miike Kakoki Co., Ltd., and then kneaded by a twin-screw kneader (PCM-30 type, manufactured by Ikegai Iron Works Co., Ltd.) set at a temperature of 150 ° C. The obtained kneaded product was cooled and roughly crushed to 1 mm or less with a hammer mill to obtain a roughly crushed product. The coarsely pulverized product was finely pulverized by a collision type air flow pulverizer and introduced into an air flow type classifier to have a weight average diameter of 6.8 μm (particle size 4.00).
Containing 14% by number of particles of less than μm, particle size of 10.01μ
to obtain untreated magnetic toner particles (containing 1.4% by volume of m or more). The magnetic toner particles have a shape factor SF-
1 is 170, SF-2 is 157, BET specific surface area is 1.75 m ² / g, and binary tribo is -1.
It was 1.9 mC / kg.

The amount of untreated magnetic toner particles introduced into the hopper 32 was 17 kg / hr, the rotation speed of the rotating rotor was 8300 rpm, and the values of w ₁ / v _{1 to} w ₄ / v ₄ were about 2.5. The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles had a weight average particle size of 6.6 μm (particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less, 19.
Particles containing 5% by number and having a particle size of 10.01 μm or more are 1.
6% by volume), SF-1 is 142, SF-2 is 130, and the BET specific surface area is 0.
It was 99 m ² / g and the binary tribo was -20.3 mC / kg.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was A high transfer efficiency of 90% was obtained, and a good image was obtained in which there were no voids in the transfer of character lines and there was no scattering on the image.

Example 5 The amount of untreated magnetic toner particles introduced into the hopper 32 was set to 7
5 kg / hr, rotation speed of the rotating rotor is 4400 rp
The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated in the same manner as in Example 4 except that m was m and the value of w ₁ / v _{1 to} w ₄ / v ₄ was about 1.1.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles contain a weight average diameter of 6.3 μm (25% by number of particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less and 0.5% by volume of particles having a particle size of 10.01 μm or more). ), The shape factor SF-1 is 14
4, SF-2 was 131, BET specific surface area was 0.83 m ² / g, and binary tribo was -20.2 mC / k.
It was g.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was A high transfer efficiency of 90% was obtained, and a good image was obtained in which there were no voids in the transfer of character lines and there was no scattering on the image.

Example 6 The magnetic toner particles prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated using the apparatus system shown in FIG. 10 having the horizontal processing apparatus shown in FIG. 11 set as shown in FIGS.

The magnetic toner particles introduced into the vibration feeder 15 were introduced through the hopper 32 at a rate of 19.5 kg / hr. The rotation speed of the rotating rotor is 8000r.
pm, and the values of w ₁ / v _{1 to} w ₄ / v ₄ were about 2.3.

At the time of introducing the magnetic toner particles, the blower 24 was operated to draw in an air flow which was slightly larger than the air flow rate generated by the rotation of the blades 9a to 9d, and was collected by the cyclone 20. As a result, the introduced magnetic toner particles were processed and collected in a time of 20 seconds or less.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles have a weight-average particle size of 6.6 μm (particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less are 18
1.3% of particles with a particle size of 10.01 μm or more
%), SF-1 is 145, SF-2 is 122, and BET specific surface area is 0.9.
7 m ² / g, 2-component tribo was -21.9 mC / kg.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was A high transfer efficiency of 90% was obtained, and a good image was obtained in which there were no voids in the transfer of character lines and there was no scattering on the image.

Example 7 The amount of untreated magnetic toner particles introduced into the hopper 32 was set to 1
7.5 kg / hr, the rotation speed of the rotating rotor is 8300
The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the rotation speed was rpm and the values of w ₁ / v _{1 to} w ₄ / v ₄ were about 2.5.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles contain 17% by weight of particles having a weight average diameter of 6.8 μm (particles having a particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less and 1.3% by volume of particles having a particle diameter of 10.01 μm or more). ), SF-1 is 150, SF
-2 is 130, and the BET specific surface area is 1.02 m ² /
g, binary tribo was -19.9 mC / kg.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was A high transfer efficiency of 89% was obtained, and a good image was obtained in which there were no voids in the transfer of character lines and there was no scattering on the image.

Comparative Example 1 Using the apparatus system shown in FIG. 1 having the vertical processing apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 set as shown in Tables 1 and 2,
The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated. In Comparative Example 1, the value of H _1a / R _{1a to} H _1d / R _1d is set smaller than the lower limit value of the present invention, and the value of L _2a / R _{1a to} L _2d / R _2d is the upper limit value of the present invention. A processing device set to be larger than the above was used.

Untreated magnetic toner particles produced in the same manner as in Example 1 were introduced through the hopper 32 at a rate of 20 kg / hr. The rotation speed of the rotating rotor is 8000 rpm
Met. The blower 24 was operated to draw in an air flow slightly larger than the air flow generated by the rotation of the blade from the cylindrical processing chamber to collect the magnetic toner particles processed by the cyclone 20. The introduced magnetic toner particles were processed and collected in a time of 20 seconds or less.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles contain a weight average particle size of 6.7 μm (16% by number of particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less and 1.6% by volume of particles having a particle size of 10.01 μm or more). ), SF-1 is 158, and SF
-2 is 151, and the BET specific surface area is 1.57 m ² /
g, the binary tribo was -14.2 mC / kg.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was It was 83%, and the void of the transfer of the character line occurred, and the scattering occurred on the image.

Comparative Example 2 Using the apparatus system shown in FIG. 1 having the vertical processing apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 set as shown in Tables 1 and 2,
The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated. In Comparative Example 2, is set to be smaller than the lower limit value in the present invention the value of L _1a / H _a to L _1d / H _d, the upper limit value in the present invention the value of H _a / R _1a to H _d / R _1d A processing device set to be larger than the above was used.

Untreated magnetic toner particles produced in the same manner as in Example 1 were introduced through the hopper 32 at a rate of 20 kg / hr. The rotation speed of the rotating rotor is 8000 rpm
Met. The blower 24 was operated to draw in an air flow slightly larger than the air flow generated by the rotation of the blade from the cylindrical processing chamber to collect the magnetic toner particles processed by the cyclone 20. The introduced magnetic toner particles were processed and collected in a time of 20 seconds or less.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles had a weight average particle size of 6.9 μm (particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less).
1. Particles containing 5% by number and having a particle size of 10.01 μm or more
5% by volume), SF-1 is 155,
SF-2 is 150, BET specific surface area is 1.52m
² / g, the binary tribo was -14.8 mC / kg.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was It was 85%, and the void of the transfer of the character line occurred, and the scattering occurred on the image.

Comparative Example 3 Using the apparatus system shown in FIG. 1 having the vertical processing apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 set as shown in Tables 1 and 2,
The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated. In Comparative Example 3, was used processing apparatus is set larger than the upper limit value in the present invention the value of L _1a / H _a to L _d / H _d.

Untreated magnetic toner particles produced in the same manner as in Example 1 were introduced through the hopper 32 at a rate of 20 kg / hr. The rotation speed of the rotating rotor is 8000 rpm
Met. The blower 24 was operated to draw in an air flow slightly larger than the air flow generated by the rotation of the blade from the cylindrical processing chamber to collect the magnetic toner particles processed by the cyclone 20. The introduced magnetic toner particles were processed and collected in a time of 20 seconds or less.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles had a weight-average particle size of 6.7 μm (particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less, 14.
1. Particles containing 9% by number and having a particle size of 10.01 μm or more
0% by volume), SF-1 is 158,
SF-2 is 152, BET specific surface area is 1.53m
² / g, the binary tribo was -12.8 mC / kg.

Using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, a magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was This was 82%, and a void in the transfer of the character line occurred, and scattering occurred on the image.

Comparative Example 4 Using the apparatus system shown in FIG. 1 having the vertical processing apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 set as shown in Tables 1 and 2,
The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated. In Comparative Example 4, a processing apparatus was used in which the values of L _2a / R _{1a to} L _2d / R _1d were set smaller than the lower limit value of the present invention.

Untreated magnetic toner particles produced in the same manner as in Example 1 were introduced through the hopper 32 at a rate of 20 kg / hr. The rotation speed of the rotating rotor is 8000 rpm
Met. The blower 24 was operated to draw in an air flow slightly larger than the air flow generated by the rotation of the blade from the cylindrical processing chamber to collect the magnetic toner particles processed by the cyclone 20. The introduced magnetic toner particles were processed and collected in a time of 20 seconds or less.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles contain a weight average particle size of 6.7 μm (15% by number of particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less and 2.0% by volume of particles having a particle size of 10.01 μm or more). ), SF-1 is 160, and SF
-2 is 155, and the BET specific surface area is 1.65 m ² /
g, the binary tribo was -12.1 mC / kg.

Using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, a magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained toner was similar to that in Example 3. When images were printed under the conditions of the apparatus, the transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was 80%, and the void of the transfer of the character line occurred, and the scattering occurred on the image.

Comparative Example 5 Using the apparatus system shown in FIG. 1 having the vertical processing apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 set as shown in Tables 1 and 2,
The surface of the magnetic toner particles was treated. In Comparative Example 5, is set smaller than the lower limit value in the present invention the value of L _1a / H _a to L _1d / H _d, the upper limit value in the present invention the value of H _a / R _1a to H _d / R _1d Larger than _L2a / _R1a
A processing device was used in which the value of L _2d / R _1d was set to be larger than the upper limit value in the present invention.

Untreated magnetic toner particles produced in the same manner as in Example 1 were introduced through the hopper 32 at a rate of 20 kg / hr. The rotation speed of the rotating rotor is 8000 rpm
Met. The blower 24 was operated to draw in an air flow slightly larger than the air flow generated by the rotation of the blade from the cylindrical processing chamber to collect the magnetic toner particles processed by the cyclone 20. The introduced magnetic toner particles were processed and collected in a time of 20 seconds or less.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles contain a weight average particle size of 6.7 μm (15% by number of particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less and 2.0% by volume of particles having a particle size of 10.01 μm or more). ), SF-1 is 160, and SF
-2 is 155, and the BET specific surface area is 1.65 m ² /
g, the binary tribo was -12.1 mC / kg.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was It was 80%, and the void of the transfer of the character line occurred, and the scattering occurred on the image.

[0191]

[Table 1]

[0192]

[Table 2]

Comparative Example 6 The surface of untreated magnetic toner particles prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was treated using a batch type (batch type) treatment apparatus having a recycle pipe 163 shown in FIGS. . Rotating rotor 162 having rotor blades 155
Was used, and the rotation speed of the rotary rotor 162 was 8200 rpm. The batch type processing apparatus used in Comparative Example 6 does not have a powder outlet on the wall facing the back surface of the rotor 162, and is a system in which magnetic toner particles are circulated by a recycle pipe 163 installed on the side wall. However, it was more difficult to perform uniform surface treatment of each magnetic toner particle than the treatment apparatus of the present invention. Further, the supply amount is 3 minutes for one cycle of weighing, charging, surface treatment and discharging for batch operation, and the number of weighings per batch is 30.
Since it was 0 g, it was 3.6 kg / hr, and the processing capacity was 1/5 or less. When the magnetic toner particles of a larger amount than this are supplied, the magnetic toner particles are fused in the impact chamber 168, and it is necessary to lengthen the processing time in order to reach a desired degree of processing.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles have a weight-average particle size of 6.5 μm (particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less are 23 μm).
1.5% particles with a particle size of 10.01 μm or more
Volume%), SF-1 is 145, S
F-2 is 122 and has a BET specific surface area of 0.81 m ^2.
/ G, the binary tribo was -25 mC / kg.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency was 88%. It was inferior to the magnetic toner of No. 1.

Comparative Example 7 The magnetic toner particles prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 were surface-treated with the batch type processing apparatus used in Comparative Example 6. At this time, the rotation speed of the rotary rotor 162 was 8600 rpm. The supply amount is 5 minutes for one cycle of weighing, charging and discharging for batch operation, and the number of weighings per batch is 3
Since it is 00g, the processing capacity is 3.6kg / hr and is 5
It was less than one-third. When a larger amount of magnetic toner particles was supplied, the toner particles were fused in the impact chamber 168.

Comparative Example 8 The surface of untreated magnetic toner particles prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was treated using the rotary impact type fine pulverization apparatus shown in FIGS. 15 to 17 as a surface treatment apparatus. The major axis of the distributor is 246 mm and the rotating rotor 214
Had a major axis of 242 mm. At this time, the rotary rotor 2
The rotation speed of 14 was 9000 rpm. 1 in the device
Magnetic toner particles were introduced at a rate of 7 kg / hr. When the supply amount was further increased, the temperature inside the apparatus rapidly increased, and the toner particles were fused inside the apparatus.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles have a weight average particle diameter of 5.9 μm (particles having a particle diameter of 4.00 μm or less are 30
0.2% containing particles of 10.01 μm or more
Volume%), SF-1 is 160, S
F-2 is 150 and BET specific surface area is 1.42 m ^2.
/ G, the binary tribo was -15.5 mC / kg.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was 85. %, The transfer efficiency was poorer than that of the toner of Example 1, and the image was also an image with many voids in the transfer of characters and lines and many scattering.

Comparative Example 9 The surface of untreated magnetic toner particles prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was treated by using the rotary mixing device shown in FIGS. 18 to 22 as a surface treatment device. Rotating blade 302 is 1
Five blades are installed, and the diameter of the rotary blade 302 is 242m.
m, and the gap between the rotary blade 302 and the side wall of the casing 301 was 24 mm. At this time, the rotation speed of the rotary blade 302 was 9000 rpm. 24kg in the device
The magnetic toner particles were introduced at a ratio of / hr. When the supply amount was further increased, the temperature inside the apparatus rapidly increased, and the toner particles were fused inside the apparatus.

The surface-treated magnetic toner particles have a weight-average particle size of 7.0 μm (particles having a particle size of 4.00 μm or less are 18
0.6% particles with a particle size of 10.01 μm or more
Volume%), SF-1 is 156, S
F-2 is 145, the surface treatment is insufficient, and BE
T specific surface area is 1.61 m ² / g, binary tribo is -1
It was 3.3 mC / kg.

A magnetic toner was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the surface-treated magnetic toner particles, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The transfer efficiency from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material was 81. %, The transfer efficiency was poorer than that of the toner of Example 1, and the image was also an image with many voids in the transfer of characters and lines and many scattering.

[0203]

The method of treating the surface of toner particles of the present invention can efficiently reduce the values of the shape factors SF-1 and SF-2 of the toner particles, and is excellent in developability, fluidity and transferability. Of the toner particles that are present.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic external view of an apparatus system having an example of a vertical surface treatment apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a vertical surface treatment apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of the vertical surface treatment apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a rotating rotor.

5 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary rotor taken along the plane CC 'in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a rotating rotor.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a rotating shaft provided with a rotating rotor.

8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line BB ′ in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a schematic external view of an apparatus system having an example of the horizontal surface treatment apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view of a horizontal surface treatment apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional surface treatment apparatus system.

FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional surface treatment device.

FIG. 14 is a C- in FIG. 13 of the conventional surface treatment apparatus.
It is a schematic sectional drawing in the C'plane.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing another conventional surface treatment apparatus system.

16 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line DD ′ in FIG.

17 is a perspective view of the rotary rotor shown in FIG. 15. FIG.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory view showing another conventional surface treatment apparatus system.

19 is a schematic sectional view of the surface treatment apparatus shown in FIG.

20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the surface treatment apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of rotary blades.

FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of fixed blades.

FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of a measuring device for estimating a triboelectric charge amount of toner or powder.

FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of an image forming method that can suitably use the toner generated in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Cylindrical casing 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d rotating rotor 3 rotation drive shaft 4 pulley 5 keys 6 nuts 7a side wall 8a Rear wall (guide plate) 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d blades 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d Powder discharge port 15 Vibration feeder 16 Fixed amount supply device 19a, 19b valve 20 cyclone 21,23,26 valve 22 Bug filter 24 blowers 29a, 29b, 29c, 29d Cylindrical surface treatment chamber 30 powder supply port 31 powder supply pipe 32 hopper 33 front wall 34 Electric motor 432 Measuring container 433 screen 434 Metal lid 435 vacuum gauge 436 Air flow control valve 437 Suction port 438 condenser 439 electrometer 500 photoconductor (electrostatic latent image carrier) 502 Development sleeve 503 Contact blade 504 Magnet roller 505 toner (developer) 514 Transfer charging roller 516 cleaner 517 charging roller 521 Laser generator 523 laser light 524 register roller 525 Conveyor belt 526 Fixer 540 developer 541 Stir bar

Continuation of front page (56) Reference JP-A 61-61627 (JP, A) JP-A 3-77963 (JP, A) JP-A 63-235953 (JP, A) JP-A 9-288373 (JP , A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G03G 9/08

Claims (16)

(57) [Claims] 1. A surface treatment comprising at least a first cylindrical processing chamber, a rotary drive shaft contained in the first cylindrical processing chamber, and a first rotating rotor having a plurality of blades on its front surface. using the apparatus is a processing method for processing the surface of the toner particles, the height of the blades and H _a, the gap between the blade tip and the front wall and L _1a, the maximum diameter of the first rotating rotor R _1a , and the gap between the blade and the side wall of the first cylindrical processing chamber is L
_2a , H _a , L _1a , R _1a and L _2a satisfy the following condition: The first rotary rotor is rotated by rotating the rotary drive shaft from the powder supply port provided at the center of the front wall of the first cylindrical processing chamber. The toner particles are introduced into the first cylindrical processing chamber together with air, and while the toner particles are retained in the first cylindrical processing chamber, a mechanical impact force is applied to the toner particles to process the surface of the toner particles, The surface of the toner particles that discharges the generated toner particles from a first powder discharge port provided at the center of the first rear wall of the first cylindrical processing chamber facing the back surface of the first rotating rotor. The flow velocity v _{1 of} the air passing through the gap between the blade and the side wall of the first cylindrical processing chamber and the peripheral speed w ₁ of the outermost edge of the rotary rotor are as follows: The method for treating the surface of toner particles, wherein: 2. A flow velocity v _{1 of} air and a peripheral velocity w ₁ of the outermost edge of the rotary rotor satisfy the following condition: The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to claim 1, wherein 3. The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to claim 1, wherein mechanical impact is applied to the toner particles when passing through the gap between the blade and the side wall of the first cylindrical processing chamber. . 4. The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to claim 1, wherein the rotating rotor is rotated so that the peripheral speed of the outermost edge portion is 10 to 200 m / sec. 5. The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to claim 1, wherein the rotating rotor is rotated so that the peripheral speed of the outermost edge portion is 50 to 150 m / sec. 6. The rotating rotor is 90 to 40,000 rp
The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is rotating at m. 7. The rotating rotor is 900 to 20,000 r
The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is rotating at pm. 8. The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to claim 1, wherein the toner particles have a weight average particle diameter of 2.5 to 20 μm. 9. The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to claim 1, wherein the toner particles have a weight average particle diameter of 3.0 to 15 μm. 10. The toner particles before being introduced into the surface treatment device have a shape factor SF-1 of 150 to 180 and a shape factor SF-2 of 140 to 160, and are discharged from the surface treatment device. The subsequent toner particles have a shape factor SF-
1 is 130 to 160, and the shape factor SF-2 is 110.
˜150, and the shape factor SF− of the toner particles after processing is −
1 is 2 more than the shape factor SF-1 of the toner particles before processing.
The shape factor SF-2 of the toner particles after processing is smaller than 0
Is 10 more than the shape factor SF-2 of the toner particles before treatment.
The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to claim 1, which is smaller than the above. 11. H _a is 10.0 to 500.0 mm, L _1a is 1 to 300 mm, R _1a is 100 to 2000 mm, and L _2a is 0.5 to 20.0 mm.
The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. The cylindrical processing chamber is provided in communication with a plurality of cylindrical processing chambers respectively containing a rotary drive shaft and a rotary rotor having a plurality of blades on the front surface thereof. 5. A method for treating the surface of toner particles according to any one of 1. 13. The powder discharge port of the first cylindrical processing chamber comprises:
The powder supply port of the second cylindrical processing chamber for introducing the toner particles processed in the first cylindrical processing chamber, wherein the toner particles processed in the first cylindrical processing chamber are 13. The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to claim 1, wherein the surface treatment is carried out by a mechanical impact force in the cylindrical treatment chamber of 2. 14. The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to claim 12, wherein 2 to 10 cylindrical treatment chambers are provided. 15. The rotary drive shaft contained in a plurality of cylindrical processing chambers is a common rotary drive shaft.
5. A method for treating the surface of toner particles according to any one of 1. 16. A second cylindrical processing chamber having a second cylindrical processing chamber and a plurality of blades contained in the second cylindrical processing chamber on a front surface thereof.
In the rotating rotor of No. 1, the height of the blade is H _b , the gap between the tip of the blade and the front wall is L _1b , the longest diameter of the second rotating rotor is R _1b , and the blade and the second cylindrical treatment are The space between the chamber and the side wall is L
_2b , H _b , L _1b , R _1b and L _2b satisfy the following condition: 16. The method for treating the surface of toner particles according to claim 12, wherein