JP3378196B2 - Work tool exchange structure for construction machinery - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to a structure capable of easily replacing a work implement such as a bucket attached to the tip of a work section of a construction machine. 2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 3 , a construction machine for a hydraulic shovel comprises a lower traveling body 11, an upper revolving body 12, and a working unit 13 for excavating and loading earth and sand. The unit 13 includes a working tool such as a bucket 4 at the tip, a boom 14 for freely operating the working tool, an arm 1, a hydraulic cylinder 2, and the like. [0003] The work implement such as the bucket 4 is operatively connected to the end of the arm 1 by a hydraulic cylinder 2 in order to directly perform the work of scooping earth and sand. This connection will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4 in which the bucket 4 is attached as a working tool . The bracket 41 at the base end of the bucket 4 is connected to the tip of the arm 1 and the tip of the rod 3 connected to the hydraulic cylinder 2 by the support pins 15, 16 is connected by axle mounting. The connecting portion 17 between the hydraulic cylinder 2 and the base end of the rod 3 and the intermediate portion of the arm 1 are supported by the support member 7 and mounted on the support pin 18 so that the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 2 can be performed. A link mechanism for rotating the bucket about a shaft attachment portion of the arm 1 (the position of the support pin 16) is formed. [0004] By the way, such a working tool such as the bucket 4 is replaced with a bucket or another working tool having a different excavation volume depending on the soil properties and working use. It is necessary to remove one end and incorporate a new working tool. At this time, after the pin holes are aligned, the support pins 15 and 16 are pivotally mounted. However, it is difficult to align the pin holes between the base end of the working tool, the tip of the arm 1 and the tip of the rod 3, and in practice, it is difficult for the assistant to insert the working tool while the operator performs the pin hole matching. In other words, there is a problem that the work is complicated and takes time, such as requiring a plurality of workers. For this reason, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 58-140255, as shown in FIG. 5 , a new support member 6 is laid across the end of the arm 1 and the end of the rod 3, and the two members 1 and 2 are mounted on the support member 6. 3 is supported by the support pins 21 and 22, and the support pins 23 and 24 are suspended at two positions on the base end portion (bracket 41) of the bucket 4 so that one of the support pins 23 is engaged with the support member 6. There has been proposed a structure including a hook 25 and a catcher 26 for holding another supporting pin 24 so as to be freely detachable. According to this structure, the hook 25 of the support member 6 is locked to the one support pin 23 at the base end of the bucket 4, and the other support pin 24 is
The bucket 4 can be mounted simply by holding the pin, thereby eliminating the need for pin hole alignment, which has been a cause of complication. However, in the above structure, the arm 1 and the bucket 4 have separate shaft attachment portions, and the shaft attachment portion at the tip of the arm 1 (the position of the support pin 21) and the base end of the bucket 4 As a result, the distance from the shaft attachment portion (the position of the support pin 23) is shifted to a predetermined distance, and the distance from the shaft attachment portion of the arm 1 which is the center of rotation of the bucket 4 to the tip of the bucket 4, ie, the bucket 4 Is larger than that of the conventional structure shown in FIG. 4 (in the conventional structure, the rotation radius is R
1), which is longer (R2) by the distance between the shaft attachment portions. In this case, since the excavating force decreases as the turning radius of the bucket increases, there is a problem that the excavating force is reduced in this structure as compared with the conventional structure. In addition, a large external force is applied not only to the hook 25 and the catcher 26 on the extension of the base end of the bucket 4 by the length of the rotation radius (R2), but also the number of support pins is increased by two compared to the conventional structure, and the weight is increased. , The external force is further applied, and the stability of the machine is deteriorated. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 58-140255, and has a disadvantage in that the construction has the advantage of excavation force while maintaining the simplicity of exchanging work tools. It is an object of the present invention to provide a structure capable of solving problems such as reduction and weight increase. [0010] Therefore, the present invention provides
Construction machine and arm tip and rod end of the working unit, and a working tool proximal end, Ru directly connected via respective support pins
The work tool exchange structure of
A support member on the tip of the support member, and the support member,
Attaching the ends of the two members to each other with a support pin
The support pin on the arm tip side is
The hook that stops and the support pin on the rod tip side
To form a catcher to hold the
A pin hole is formed so that one side is released.
The pusher protrudes upward from the rotatable movable body.
With the overhanging part and the cradle connected below it,
A pin hole released upward is formed and supported by the cradle
When the pin is received, the movable body itself rotates,
The protruding part closes the release part of the pin hole and holds the support pin
It is characterized by becoming . Here, the rod refers to a rod connected to a hydraulic cylinder for operating the work implement, and thereby a member for forming a link mechanism for transmitting the expansion and contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinder as the rotation operation of the work implement. If a bracket is formed at the base end of the working tool, the bracket is included in the base end. [0013] In the present invention, the A over arm tip and rod end, since it is connected directly via the support pins and the working tool proximal end, the center of rotation of the work implement work tool proximal end and the arm tip , And the turning radius of the working tool can be made the same length as the conventional one. If the turning radius is the same as that of the conventional structure, the excavating force does not decrease, and the external force of the rotating operation of the working tool does not greatly apply to the hook and the catcher . On the other hand, the connection between the end of the arm and the end of the rod and the base end of the working tool is made by a support pin and a hook and a catcher for locking and holding the support pin. After stopping, if the other support pins are held by the catcher, the connection is easily performed. When removing the work tool, the hook may be removed from one support pin after the catcher holding pin holding operation of the catcher is released. In any case, the work implement can be easily attached and detached. Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This embodiment shows an example in which the work implement is a bucket. 1 shows a state before the bucket is attached, and FIG. 2 shows a state after the bucket is attached. In the figure, 1 is an arm,
2 is a hydraulic cylinder, 3 is a rod, 4 is a bucket, and 41 is a bracket. Also in this embodiment, the connecting portion between the hydraulic cylinder 2 and the base end portion of the rod 3 and the intermediate portion of the arm 1 are supported by the support member 7 and supported by the support pins 10 and 20 to be axially attached. This is the same as the conventional structure shown in FIG. A new support member 5 is bridged between the tip of the arm 1 and the tip of the rod 3, and the support member 5 and the tip of the arm 1 and the tip of the rod 3 are supported by support pins.
Attached at 40,30. When these support pins 30 and 40 are pierced through each pin hole, both ends thereof are sufficiently protruded and fixed. The support member 5 and the support member 7 that are axially attached by the support pins 30 and 40 form a link facing each other, and the expansion and contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is performed by using the axial attachment portion of the arm 1 (the position of the support pin 40). A link mechanism for rotating around the center is formed. In the bracket 41 of the bucket 4, a hook 42 is formed on the side facing the arm 1, and a catcher 43 is formed on the side facing the rod 3. The hook 42 is engaged with the support pin 40, and the catcher 43 holds the support pin 30.Each of the catchers 43 engages and holds the projecting portions at both ends of the support pins 40, 30. 41 forming positions are set. The hook 42 has a shape having a pin hole whose one inner side is released. Catcher 43
A movable piece 47 having a released pin hole, a support pin receiving base 44 at a lower portion continuous with the pin hole, and an overhang portion 45 having a screw hole 46 at an upper portion is formed by a bracket 41.
Is rotatably mounted on the shaft. In this configuration, the support pins
When the pressing force of 30 is received by the pedestal 41, the movable piece 47 rotates, the protruding portion 45 descends and closes the open portion, whereby the support pin 30 is
Will be held. In the bracket 41, a pin receiving seat 43 is formed at a position where the support pin 30 is finally received, and a screw hole (continuous with the screw hole 46) is formed on a contact surface with the lowered projecting portion 45. (Not shown) is formed, and when the support pin 30 is held by the movable piece 47, the support pin 30 is seated in the seat 48, and in this state, the screw hole of the overhang portion 45 is formed.
When the screw is tightened from 46, the movable piece 43 is screwed to the bracket 41, and a strong holding state of the support pin 30 is obtained . The mounting of the bucket 4 of this embodiment having such a structure is as follows. First, the support pin 40 is engaged with the hook 42 of the bracket 41, and then the support pin 30 is
Press on 41. As described above, the support pin 30 is received in the seat 48 of the bracket 41, and is held by the projecting portion 46 of the rotated movable piece 43. In this state, if the screw is tightened through the screw hole 46 of the overhang portion 46, the support pin 30 is securely fixed in the seat 48, and the mounting of the bucket 4 is completed by this operation. When the bucket 4 is removed, an operation reverse to the above operation may be performed. That is, according to this structure, when replacing the bucket 4 with another bucket or the like, unlike the conventional structure shown in FIG. 4 , it is not necessary to adjust the screw holes at all. Can be performed. In this embodiment, the support pins 30 and 40 are used to attach the shaft 1 to the tip of the arm 1 and the tip of the rod 3, and the base pins (bracket 41) of the bucket 4 are held and held by the support pins 30 and 40. Depending on the structure, the support pins 30, 40
The tip of the arm 1 and the tip of the rod 3 are directly connected to the base end of the bucket 4 via a shaft . The turning radius of the bucket 4 is exactly the same as that of the conventional structure shown in FIG . That is, since the structure is not such that the shaft end portion of the arm and the shaft end portion of the bucket are displaced from each other as in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 58-140255, the radius of rotation of the bucket 4 is smaller than that. Therefore, unlike the Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 58-140255, the excavating force is not reduced, and the external force is not greatly applied to the specific portion. In addition, two support pins 30 and 40 are sufficient to connect the tip of the arm 1 and the tip of the rod 3 to the bucket 4, and the increase in weight is only required for various parts of the catcher 43, so that an external force is applied to the base end of the bucket 4. To a small extent. As described above, according to the construction tool exchange structure of the construction machine according to the present invention, the exchange work can be performed extremely easily, and the excavation force is reduced. Very remarkable effects are obtained, such as no increase in weight, minimal weight increase, and no external force applied to a predetermined portion during work.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention and is an explanatory view of a state before a bucket is attached. (a) is a side view, (b) is a rear view, and (c) is a front view of an arm. FIG. 2 is a side view showing the embodiment of the present invention, with a bucket attached. FIG. 3 is a side view showing a structure of a general construction machine. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a conventional bucket mounting structure of a construction machine. 5A and 5B show a bucket mounting structure disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 58-140255, wherein FIG. 5A is an explanatory view showing a state before the bucket is mounted, and FIG. 5B is an explanatory view showing a state where the bucket is mounted.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E02F 3/40

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims 1] An arm tip and a rod tip of a working unit,
A working tool proximal end, a working tool exchange structure of a construction machine that will be connected directly via a respective supporting pin, the transverse support member to the arm tip and rod end of the working unit
A support pin for supporting the support member and the ends of the two members.
And the support pin on the distal end side of the arm is locked to the base end of the work tool.
Hook and the support pin on the rod tip side
Forming a catcher to be held, wherein the hook is formed with a pin hole in which one inner side is released.
The catcher is provided on a rotatable movable body,
To the overhang that projects in the direction
Therefore, a pin hole which is opened upward is formed, and the receiving hole is formed.
When receiving the support pin on the table, the movable body itself turns
Therefore, the overhanging portion closes the release portion of the pin hole and releases the support pin.
A work tool exchange structure for construction machinery, characterized by being held .