JP3375977B2 - Numerical control unit - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a numerical control device for displaying the trajectory of a tool on a display screen of a display device based on a machining program.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, when machining is performed using a numerical control device, the trajectory of the tool based on the machining program is displayed on the display screen of the display device prior to machining, and the machining program operates on the display screen. It is customary to check.

As a numerical control device which meets such a demand, there has been proposed a method of reading a machining program, creating machining path information based on the read machining program, and displaying the machining path information on a display screen of a display device. . Figure 2
4 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a conventional numerical control device. In the figure, 3 is a machining program reading means for reading a machining program, 2 is a machining path information creating means for creating machining path information from the read machining program, 1
Is a display device for displaying the created machining path information, and 4 is a scale setting means for displaying the machining path information on the display device.

Next, the operation will be described. When machining is performed using the conventional numerical control device, first, the machining program is read by the machining program reading means 3, machining path information is created by the machining path information creating means 2 in accordance with the read machining program, and the created machining path information is created. Is displayed on the display device 1. Then, it was confirmed that the machining path information displayed on the display device 1 was drawn correctly as expected, and the actual machining was performed after confirming the correctness of the machining program. At this time, the size of the display graphic of the machining path information displayed on the display device 1 is the scale setting means 4
Was set by. FIG. 25 is a display example of machining path information on the display device 1 by the conventional numerical control device.

[0005]

The conventional numerical control device is configured as described above, and even if it is attempted to confirm the machining path information drawn on the display device 1, only the line showing the trajectory of the tool is displayed. The problem is that the approximate correctness of the machining path can be confirmed, but the coordinate values of the exact passage point of the tool path cannot be confirmed, and it takes a considerable amount of time to confirm the operation of the machining program. There was a point.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to confirm the accurate coordinate value of the passing point of the tool trajectory from the machining path information drawn on the display device. Another object of the present invention is to obtain a numerical control device capable of quickly confirming the operation of a machining program.

[0007]

A numerical control device according to the present invention comprises means for displaying on a display device a coordinate system corresponding to the trajectory of a tool displayed on the display device, and a cursor displayed on the display device. Cursor coordinate value calculation means for calculating coordinate values corresponding to coordinate axis information and displaying the calculated coordinate values on the display device, and a processing block point which is a movement start point for each block of the processing program is stored. a processing block point storage memory for, the cursor or move the machining block point stored in the processing block point storage memory in order, by specifying the machining block point the processing block point stored in the storage memory directly a cursor movement amount setting mode setting means for setting whether to move to the upper cursor at the cursor movement amount setting mode setting means
When the mode for moving the serial processing block point in the order is selected, specify the corresponding processing block determining means for moving said machining block points sequentially the cursor, the processing block point in the cursor movement amount setting mode setting means directly when the mode for moving the cursor is selected Te, in which a corresponding machining block specifying means for moving directly to the processing block point specified cursor.

[0008]

[0009]

[0010]

Further , the numerical controller according to the present invention is
The coordinate system corresponding to the tool trajectory displayed on the display
Means to display on the display device, machine coordinate system, work coordinate system
And select at least one coordinate system of the program coordinate system
It can be set.

Further, the numerical controller according to the present invention is
The coordinate system corresponding to the tool trajectory displayed on the display
The coordinate system set by the means for displaying on the display device
If it is a coordinate system, the diagonal coordinate system that calculates the coordinate data
An intersection coordinate system coordinate data calculation means is provided.

[0013]

In the present invention, the cursor coordinate value calculating means is
Calculate the coordinate value of the cursor in correspondence with the coordinate axis information,
The calculated coordinate value is displayed on the display device .

[0014]

Further , the cursor movement amount setting in the present invention is
The constant mode setting means moves the cursor to the processing block point memory
To move the machining block points stored in memory in order
Or the machining block stored in the machining block point memory
Set whether to move by directly specifying the lock point. Well
Also, the corresponding processing block determination means sets the cursor movement amount.
Use the mode setting means to move the cursor to the machining block point in order.
When the moving mode is selected, move the cursor to the machining block.
Move the check points in order. Also, specify the corresponding processing block
The means is added by the cursor movement amount setting mode setting means.
Move the cursor by directly specifying the work block point.
Mode is selected, move the cursor to the specified machining block.
Move it directly to the black point .

[0016]

Further , it is displayed on the display device according to the present invention.
The coordinate system corresponding to the tool trajectory to be displayed on the display device
Means are machine coordinate system, work coordinate system and program coordinate
At least one coordinate system of the system can be selected and set.

The oblique coordinate system coordinate data according to the present invention is also used.
The data calculation means corresponds to the trajectory of the tool displayed on the display device.
Corresponding coordinate system is set by means of displaying on the display device
If the coordinate system is a diagonal coordinate system, the diagonal coordinate system coordinate data
Data is calculated.

[0019]

EXAMPLES Example 1. The first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In FIG. 1, 11 is an oblique coordinate system coordinate data calculation means,
12 is a display coordinate point selecting means, 13 is a processing block start point,
End point calculation means, 14 is a processing block point storage memory, 15
Is a cursor movement amount setting mode setting means, 16 is a cursor
Automatic movement amount setting means, 17 is a cursor movement amount manual setting hand
Step, 18 is cursor coordinate value calculation means, 19 is a cursor seat
A mark storage memory, 20 is cursor movement method setting means, 2
1 is a cursor movement key input device, 22 is a manual handle device
Data input device, 23 is corresponding processing block designating means, 24
Is a processing block determining means, 25 is a processing block near point
It is a determining means.

Further , in FIG. 1, 40 is a manual handle.
Box, 41 is an axis selection switch, 42 is a magnification selection switch
The switch 43 is a manual handle. In addition, in FIG.
The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 24 showing the conventional example are the same.
1 and the corresponding portions are shown, and the description thereof is omitted.

Next, the operation will be described with reference to FIGS.
This will be explained using a row chart together. First, processing route information
Before displaying the cursor or cursor on the display device 1,
In step 21, the display scale is set by the scale setting means 4.
input. Next, at step 22, the processing program reader
Read the machining program by step 3 and create machining route information.
The processing means 2 creates processing route information.

At this time, the processing block start point / end point calculation
The processing block is provided for each block of the processing blocks by the step 13.
The moving start coordinates, which are the black point, are calculated and the machining block
It is stored in the black point storage memory 14. 18 remembered
It is an example of a processing block point represented in a table format.

Next, in step 23, the created machining history
Display the tool trajectory on the display device 1 based on the road information.
It Then, in step 24, the car displayed on the display device 1 is displayed.
Initialize the position of the sol on the screen. At this time, initialization
The cursor coordinate value storage memory 19
Remember. Then, in step 25, display the cursor.
It is displayed on the display screen of the display device 1.

Next, at step 26, the method of moving the cursor
Whether the method is the cursor movement key or the manual
Do not use the manual handle 43 of the handle box 40
It is set by the cursor movement method setting means 20.

At this time, a moving method using the cursor moving key
If is set, the cursor movement key is pressed in step 27.
Of the amount of movement of the cursor corresponding to
Whether to set manually or to set machining block points in order
Whether to move or move by directly specifying the machining block point
Setting by the cursor movement amount setting mode setting means 15.
Set.

When the automatic setting mode is selected here
Is set in the cursor movement amount automatic setting means 16 in step 28.
More cursor movement amount automatically according to display scale
Set to. Set the cursor movement amount to a value that satisfies Equation 5.
And For example, when N = 1μ, the display scale is 1/1
If it is 00, the cursor is pressed for one cursor movement key input.
The sol movement amount is 100μ, and the display scale is 1/10.
If so, the cursor movement amount is 10 μ.

(N / display scale) = (grid interval) (N is a constant value)

If the manual mode is selected in step 27,
If so, in step 29, a cursor movement amount manual setting means
The cursor movement amount is set by 17. Also,
Select the mode to move the machining block points in sequence on page 27.
If so, move the cursor as shown in step 30.
The coordinates stored in the processing block point storage memory 14 are
-Move in the forward or reverse order according to the Sol move key
It At this time, the coordinates of the corresponding machining block point are the corresponding machining
Corresponding processing block is determined by the block determining means 24.
Then, the coordinate values stored in the processing block point storage memory 14
To determine the coordinates.

In step 27, the processing block points are set.
If you select the mode to move by specifying directly,
Move the cursor directly to the machining block point as shown in
Corresponding to contact, processing is specified by the processing block specifying means 23, and processing is performed.
Reads the coordinate values stored in the block point storage memory 14.
And determine the coordinates.

On the other hand, when the cursor is moved by the manual handle 43 in step 27 , the axis for moving the cursor is set by the axis selection switch 41 attached to the manual handle box 40 through the manual handle data input means 22. The movement amount of the cursor is performed by the magnification selection switch 42, and the movement direction and the movement command are given by the manual handle 43.

Next, at step 32, the current state on the screen is displayed.
The current cursor coordinate value is calculated by the cursor coordinate value calculation means 18.
Ask. At this time, in step 27, the manual mode or automatic
When the mode is selected, the display coordinate point selecting means 12 is used.
The displayed coordinate point is the point where the cursor is currently displayed.
Or, most of the time the cursor is currently displayed
Set whether it is a close machining block point.

At this time, the closest machining block point is displayed.
If you select that mode, processing block near point determination means
25 is stored in the processing block point storage memory 14 by
Of the current block points to the coordinate point of the current cursor.
Select a machining block point that is also close to
And

Next, at step 33, the machine coordinate system and work
According to either the coordinate system
Whether to display is set by the display coordinate system setting means 10.
It

Then, in step 34, the selected coordinate system is selected.
Is an oblique coordinate system, and if it is an oblique coordinate system,
If so, in step 35, the oblique coordinate system coordinate data calculation means 1
1 calculates the coordinate data of the oblique coordinate system. And
Display the cursor coordinate value calculated by calculation
Displayed in Table 1.

Next, in step 37, the car of another coordinate system is used.
Enter whether or not to display the sol coordinate value and display it.
If there is, return to step 32. If you do not want to display
Cursor move key or manual handle 40
Determine whether or not a cursor movement command by
If yes, go back to step 32 and enter
If not, step 38 is repeated.

In step 36, the data is displayed on the display device 1.
If the contents to be shown are specifically shown, they are as shown in FIGS.
It

FIG . 2 shows a cursor placed on arbitrary coordinates.
Shows the case where the coordinates are displayed on the upper right of the screen of the display device 1.
ing.

FIGS. 3 to 5 show machine coordinates and work as coordinate axes.
The program coordinates or program coordinates are displayed and
The coordinates of the cursor placed on each coordinate are displayed on the display device 1.
The case where it is displayed on the upper right of the screen is shown.

In FIG . 6, machine coordinates are displayed as coordinate axes.
With the work coordinates are displayed as oblique coordinates .
The coordinates of the cursor placed on the coordinates are changed to the respective coordinates.
When the corresponding value is displayed in the upper right corner of the display device 1 screen
Is shown.

FIG . 7 shows a cursor placed on arbitrary coordinates
Is the movement that is set arbitrarily corresponding to the cursor movement key
Move in the direction of the arrow based on the amount and display the coordinates at that time
The case where it is displayed on the upper right of the screen of the device 1 is shown.

FIG . 8 shows a cursor for the one shown in FIG.
It shows the case where the movement amount of is reduced.

FIG . 9 shows the display scale shown in FIG.
It shows the case of magnifying twice, and as a result, the cursor
Shows the case where the amount of movement of is reduced to 1/2.

In FIG . 10, the work coordinates are diagonally intersecting as coordinate axes.
The cursor displayed as a mark and placed on this coordinate is
The arrow corresponding to the cursor movement key along the diagonal coordinate axis
Move in the direction of the mark, and the coordinates at that time are displayed on the upper right of the screen
It is shown in.

FIG . 11 shows a cursor placed on arbitrary coordinates.
Is the machining block of the path of the tool closest to the coordinate value of the cursor.
The coordinates of the lock point are displayed on the upper right of the screen of the display device 1.
The case is shown.

FIG . 12 shows a cursor placed on arbitrary coordinates.
Moves on each block point on the tool path,
Shows the case where the coordinates are displayed on the upper right of the screen of the display device 1.
ing.

FIG . 13 shows each block point on the locus in FIG.
While moving sequentially, the block point is specified and the
It shows the case of moving to the elect.

As described above, the coordinate data calculator for the oblique coordinate system
The display coordinate system setting means 10 is provided in addition to the step 11.
So move the cursor along the diagonal coordinate axes.
Display the coordinate values of that cursor.
Also, display any coordinate axis including the oblique coordinate system and
You can display the coordinate values of the cursor for the
, Multiple arbitrary coordinate axes are displayed, and the corresponding axes are displayed.
You can display the coordinate values of each
Therefore, it is easy to check the coordinate values of the tool trajectory in each coordinate system.
Easy to do.

Cursor movement amount setting mode setting means
15, cursor movement amount automatic setting means 16, cursor movement
Since the amount manual setting means 17 is provided, the moving amount of the cursor can be set.
It can be set automatically or according to the display scale.
Therefore, it is possible to check the exact passing point of the tool trajectory.
it can.

Further , the processing block start point / end point calculation means 1
3, processing block point storage memory 14 and corresponding processing block
Since the tool specifying means 23 is provided, a desired tool on the trajectory of the tool can be obtained.
By specifying the block point, move the cursor to the above
You can move it to the
Can be done.

Further , the processing block start point / end point calculation means 1
3, processing block point storage memory 14 and corresponding processing block
Since the cursor determining means 24 is provided, the cursor is moved to the trajectory of the tool.
It is possible to move each block point above in order, which is quick
The cursor can be moved.

Further , the processing block start point / end point calculation means 1
3, processing block point storage memory 14 and near processing block
Since the point determination means 25 is provided, the cursor can be moved accurately.
Without moving, move to the vicinity of the block point of the desired tool path.
Find the coordinate value of the block point only by moving
You can

In the above embodiment, the processing route information is displayed.
A configuration to perform the display of the coordinate values of the cursor after
However, the display order is not limited to this and the processing route information is displayed.
Before displaying, or while displaying the machining route information
Even if it is configured to display the coordinate values of the
Produces the same effect.

Example 2. Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
Reveal In FIG. 19, 26 is a control cursor switching hand.
Steps 27 are cursor coordinate difference calculation means. The same
In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIGS.
Indicate the same or corresponding parts, so the explanation is omitted.
I will omit it.

Next, regarding the operation, the flowchart shown in FIG.
The explanation will be given using both of them. First, in step 41,
The machining program is read by the program reading means 3,
Processing route information is created by the processing route information creating means 2.
It Next, at step 42,
Based on this, the trajectory of the tool is displayed on the display device 1.

Then, in step 43, the display is displayed on the display device 1.
Initialize the position of the cursor on the screen
Perform on cursor 2. At this time, the initialized Curso
The cursor coordinate values in the cursor coordinate value storage memory 19
deep. Then, in step 44, the two cursors are displayed.
Display on the display screen of unit 1.

Next, at step 45, the current state on the screen is displayed.
The current cursor coordinate value is calculated by the cursor coordinate value calculation means 18.
Cursor 1 and cursor 2 are calculated.

Next, in step 46, the coordinate system to be displayed
Is an oblique coordinate system, and if it is an oblique coordinate system,
Then, in step 47, the oblique coordinate system coordinate data calculation means 1
1 calculates the coordinate data of the oblique coordinate system. And
The two cursor coordinate values calculated by
It is displayed on the display device 1. Then in step 49
The cursor coordinate difference calculation means 27 calculates the difference between the cursor coordinate values.
And display this on the display device 1 in step 50.
To do.

Next, in step 51, a key input is made.
If it is input, it is determined in Step 52.
If not, step 51 is repeated.
Return. Then, in step 52, the entered key is the car
Is it the SOL move key, or the control cursor switch key?
If it is a switch key, step 5
Cursor to control movement with the cursor movement key in 3
From cursor 1 to cursor 2 or cursor 2
Switch to cursor 1. Entered in step 52
If the selected key is the cursor movement key, step 4
Return to 5 and continue control.

In step 48, the data is displayed on the display device 1.
The contents shown in FIG. 20 to FIG. 22 are specifically shown.
It

FIG . 20 shows a cursor placed on arbitrary coordinates.
The coordinates of 1 and cursor 2 are displayed in the upper right of the screen of display device 1.
The case is shown.

FIG. 21 shows the car placed on the oblique coordinates.
The coordinates of Sol 1 and cursor 2 are displayed in the upper right of the screen of display device 1.
The case is shown.

In addition, FIG. 22 shows the coordinates placed on arbitrary coordinates.
Cursor 1 and cursor 2 coordinates, and each of the above
The difference between the coordinates of cursors 1 and 2 is calculated, and the screen of the display device 1
The case where it is displayed in the upper right is shown.

As described above, the cursor coordinate value calculation means 1
8. Cursor coordinate value storage memory 19 and control cursor off
The replacement means 26 is provided, and at least two cursors are used.
Since the coordinate value of each cursor is displayed,
Easily find the value between two points on the tool trajectory, including the oblique coordinate system
You can

Further, the cursor coordinate difference calculation means 27
By providing a difference in coordinate values between the two cursors
Since the minutes are displayed, the tool gauge including the oblique coordinate system is displayed.
You don't need to calculate the value between the two traces and you can check it at a glance
can do.

In the above embodiment, the display of the machining path information
Configured to display the coordinate value of the cursor after performing
However, the display order is not limited to this and the processing route information is displayed.
Before displaying, or while displaying the machining route information
Even if it is configured to display the coordinate values of the
Produces the same effect.

[0066]

As described above, according to the present invention, the means for displaying the coordinate system corresponding to the trajectory of the tool displayed on the display device on the display device and the coordinate value of the cursor displayed on the display device are displayed. Cursor coordinate value calculation means for calculating in accordance with the coordinate axis information and displaying the calculated coordinate values on the display device, and at each processing start point for each block of the processing program.
There a processing block point storage memory for storing the processed block point, or the cursor for moving the machining block point stored in the processing block point storage memory in order,
A cursor movement amount setting mode setting means for setting whether to move specify the processing block point storing the processed block points stored in the memory directly, the processing block point the cursor at the cursor movement amount setting mode setting means When the mode to move in sequence is selected, move the cursor
When the corresponding processing block determining means for moving said machining block point in the order, the mode for moving the cursor by specifying the machining block points directly at the cursor movement amount setting mode setting means is selected, the specified cursor Up
Since the configuration is provided with corresponding machining block designating means for directly moving to the machining block point, it is possible to accurately know the coordinate value of the passing point of the tool trajectory displayed on the display device, and to confirm the operation of the machining program. Not only can it be performed accurately, but by designating a desired block point on the trajectory of the tool, the cursor can be moved to the block point, and quick cursor movement can be performed. In addition, the cursor can be moved in sequence to each block point on the trajectory of the tool, which enables quick cursor movement, and in turn makes it possible to confirm the operation of the machining program quickly and accurately.

[0067]

[0068]

[0069]

In addition, the trajectory of the tool displayed on the display device
Means for displaying the corresponding coordinate system on the display device
At least one of the system, work coordinate system, and program coordinate system
Since it is assumed that one coordinate system can be selected and set, each coordinate system
It is easy to check the coordinate values of the tool trajectory in.

In addition, the trajectory of the tool displayed on the display device
It is set by means of displaying the corresponding coordinate system on the display device.
If the set coordinate system is an oblique coordinate system, the oblique intersection
Oblique coordinate system coordinate data calculator for calculating coordinate system coordinate data
Since there are steps, in the oblique coordinate system where the coordinates are rotated,
Also, the operator does not have to perform extra calculations such as coordinate conversion.
The cursor coordinates can be displayed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a numerical controller according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical controller according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical controller according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical controller according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical controller according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows a numerical controller according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
It is a display screen figure of a display.

FIG. 12 shows a numerical controller according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
It is a display screen figure of a display.

FIG. 13 shows a numerical controller according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
It is a display screen figure of a display.

FIG. 14 shows a manual handlebar body according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG.

FIG. 15 shows a numerical controller according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
It is a flow chart explaining operation.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a numerical controller showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
It is a flow chart explaining operation.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of the numerical controller showing the first embodiment of the present invention.
It is a flow chart explaining operation.

FIG. 18 shows a numerical controller according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
It is the figure which represented the processing block point memorize | stored in the table form.

FIG. 19 shows a numerical controller according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
It is a whole block diagram.

FIG. 20 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical control device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical controller according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a display screen diagram of the display device of the numerical control device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 shows a numerical controller according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
It is a flow chart explaining operation.

FIG. 24 is an overall configuration diagram showing a conventional numerical controller.
It

FIG. 25 is a display screen of a display device of a conventional numerical control device.
It is a figure.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Display device 10 Display coordinate system setting means 11 Oblique coordinate system coordinate data calculation means 14 Processing block point memory 15 Cursor movement amount setting mode setting means 16 Automatic cursor movement amount setting means 17 Cursor movement manual setting means 18 Cursor coordinate value calculation means 19 Cursor coordinate value storage memory 20 Cursor movement method setting means 21 Cursor movement key input device 23 Corresponding machining block designation means 24 Corresponding processing block determination means 25 Processing block near point determination means

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page       (56) References JP-A-60-57406 (JP, A)                 JP 63-44209 (JP, A)                 JP 63-8910 (JP, A)                 JP-A-61-170807 (JP, A)

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A numerical controller for displaying a trajectory of a tool used for machining on a display device based on a machining program, and means for displaying on a display device a coordinate system corresponding to the trajectory of the tool displayed on the display device. And a cursor coordinate value calculation means for calculating the coordinate value of the cursor displayed on the display device in association with the coordinate axis information and displaying the calculated coordinate value on the display device, and for each block of the machining program. , a processing block point storage memory for storing the processed block point is moving start point, or the cursor for moving the machining block point stored in the processing block point storage memory in order, the processing block point storage memory in the memory a cursor movement amount setting mode setting means for setting whether been move directly specify the processing block point, the cursor movement amount Above the cursor at a constant mode setting means
When the mode for moving the serial processing block point in the order is selected, specify the corresponding processing block determining means for moving said machining block points sequentially the cursor, the processing block point in the cursor movement amount setting mode setting means directly when the mode for moving the cursor is selected Te, the numerical control device being characterized in that a corresponding processing block specifying means for moving directly to the processing block point specified cursor. 2. A tool trajectory displayed on the display device
The means for displaying the corresponding coordinate system on the display device is the machine coordinate.
At least one of the system, work coordinate system, and program coordinate system
Characterized by being able to selectively set two coordinate systems
The numerical controller according to claim 1 . 3. A tool trajectory displayed on the display device
Corresponding coordinate system is set by means of displaying on the display device
If the coordinate system is a diagonal coordinate system, the diagonal coordinate system coordinate data
It is necessary to provide a means for calculating coordinate data in a diagonal coordinate system that calculates
The numerical controller according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that