JP3375521B2 - Wood compression dewatering equipment - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to preliminary dehydration when drying wood, and relates to the elastic and viscous properties of wood such as building construction materials for wood, so-called pillars, foundations, burrs, and digits. The present invention relates to a compression / dehydration device for wood utilizing elasticity and dynamic elasticity.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, wood used as a building structural material is one that has been sufficiently dried after felling, but it is usually forcedly dried using a dryer. As the drying progresses, the surface layer of the wood is quickly dried and the water content of the surface layer decreases. When the water content of the surface layer portion decreases, the thermal conductivity of the surface layer portion decreases, the heat conduction to the inside of the wood deteriorates, and it takes time to dry the inside. As a result, a large difference in shrinkage occurs between the surface layer and the inside of the wood, causing cracks A (see FIG. 5). In particular, in the cored timber of domestic timber, the white ring-shaped portion B prevents the core from drying. As a measure against this, a cut C is made in the wood beforehand.
In order to facilitate drying, some methods have been adopted in some areas (see Fig. 6). This method is not widely used at present because of limited use of it as a building structure material.

In order to dry without making such cuts and without causing cracks, a pillar material (105 × 105 × 3600 mm) made of domestic cedar thinning and having an average water content of 100% is used as the core. It takes about 600-700 to dry up to about 18%
It takes time (25 to 30 days). Such a drying method requires an enormous cost when the depreciation cost of a drying facility and other drying costs are combined. For example, even in a medium-sized timber plant with a daily production capacity of about 50 m ^3, it is necessary to equip more than 10 to 20 dryers to properly dry the core to a moisture content of about 18%, which is not possible in terms of cost. is there.

Therefore, in order to counter the cheap imported foreign materials,
Keep the drying time at 240 to 250 hours (nearly 10 days),
The reality is that the water content of the surface layer at a depth of 10 to 15 mm from the surface is dried to about 20% and the core is dried to about 30 to 50% before being shipped to the market as an artificial desiccant. In addition, when the wood is sufficiently dried, it changes its color to black. Therefore, most of the products are shipped in an insufficiently dried state where only the surface is dried, with an emphasis on the appearance. Such inadequate drying can cause twists and cracks and lead to complaints. For this reason, major housing manufacturers use steel frames for some of them, or at the highest price, laminate wood (laminated wood). The number of places where wood is used has become more and more difficult to use domestic timber.

On the other hand, after the war in Japan, coniferous trees have been mainly planted as tree species after the war, Todo pine, Kara pine, Ezo pine in Hokkaido and cedar and cypress in Honshu have been mainly planted. Therefore, in the future,
It is inevitable to produce a huge amount of these woods.
However, for coniferous trees, pine and spruce were imported from the United States,
In addition, it is imported from South America, New Zealand, Sweden, Russia, etc., and these external materials account for 75% of domestic consumption. Therefore, in order to use domestically produced softwood, which is expected to produce a huge amount in the future, as a building structural material, it is desired to dry wood easily and at low cost.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present inventor has focused on the fact that dehydration prior to heat-drying can be performed in order to efficiently dry the timber in a short period of time and to sufficiently dry the core. An object of the present invention is to provide a compression dewatering device for wood, which can be well dehydrated and does not twist or crack during heating and drying.

[0007]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compression / dehydration device for wood, comprising: a base plate for mounting a timber;
The base material plate is provided with an upper surface compression means for compressing a square piece from above and a side surface compression means for compressing a side surface of the square piece,
It has a drainage ditch for discharging moisture exuded by compression, exhaust
Water grooves are formed by vertically arranging multiple metal plates with concave grooves.
It is characterized by being.

The wood compression dehydrator according to claim 2 is
The base material plate for mounting the timber and the timber are pressed from above.
Top side compression means for contracting and side pressure for compressing side surface of square bar
A shrinking means is provided, and the base plate exudes by compression.
Having a drainage groove for discharging moisture, and below the base plate, a lifting means for lifting wood is arranged,
When lifting or placing wood, the tip of this lifting means passes through a plurality of through holes provided in the base plate,
It is provided to go in and out.

Using the compression / dehydration apparatus for wood having the above-mentioned structure, the lumber whose moisture content has been lowered in advance is heated in a drying furnace at a maximum temperature of 120 ° C. for 40 to 60 hours including heating and cooling time. By doing so, the average water content is 20% or less, and it is sufficiently dried in an extremely short time.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The wood compression dehydrator of the present invention will be described in detail below. 1 is a front view showing a compression / dewatering device for wood according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan view. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a base plate used in the compression dehydrator of the present invention. The wood compression / dehydration device of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, and various embodiments are possible. Further, it is preferable to heat-dry after dehydrating using the compression dehydrator of the present invention because drying in a short period of time is possible, but natural drying may be performed.

First, the timber 1 that is the material to be dried is supplied by the supply conveyor 2 into the compression / dewatering apparatus for wood and placed on the base plate 3. The position of the square piece 1 is detected by an optical sensor (not shown), and the square piece 1 is carried in to a predetermined position. The square timber 1 carried into the compression dehydrator is horizontally fixed by the horizontally moving air cylinder 4.
It is moved in the lateral direction via to adjust the position.
When the position adjustment is completed, the horizontally moving air cylinder 4 retracts to the original position. Next, the longitudinal compression hydraulic cylinder 6
To bring the vertical compression plate 7 into contact with the upper surface of the timber 1 and then to operate the horizontal compression hydraulic cylinder 8.
The lateral compression plate 9 is brought into contact with the side surface of the timber 1. In this way, the rectangular bar 1 is applied with compressive force by the vertical compression plate 7 and the lateral compression plate 9 on the upper surface and the side surface of the rectangular bar 1, respectively.

The square block 1 exudes the water content contained therein when compressed. When the compressive force of the exuded water is released, the timber 1
Are absorbed into the square wood 1 and the square 1 is restored to its original state. In order to prevent this, the base plate 3 is formed by densely and vertically arranging a large number of metal plates having concave grooves formed on the surface thereof, and the concave grooves on the surface of the metal plate are water drainage grooves that are exuded by compression. Is formed. Although various modes can be used for forming the concave groove on the surface of the metal plate, an example of the base plate 3 is shown in FIG. 4 in a partially enlarged vertical sectional view. Reference numeral 10 is a grooved metal plate, and 11 is a metal plate as a core material. The concave groove of the grooved metal plate 10 can be easily provided by pressing, and the metal plate used is preferably a stainless material having a thickness of 1.0 to 1.5 mm, for example, SUS 304. The water exuded by the compression flows down through the concave groove of the grooved metal plate 10 and the gap between the grooved metal plate 10 and the metal plate 11 and is drained.

When the dehydration is completed, the vertical compression hydraulic cylinder 6 and the horizontal compression hydraulic cylinder 8 retreat to their original positions, and the compression force is released. Dehydrated timber 1
Is shifted upward by the lifting air cylinder 13 and pushed out onto the transport conveyor 12 by the next timber supplied by the feed conveyor 2. The lifting air cylinder 13 is designed such that, when lifting or placing wood, the tip end of the lifting air cylinder 13 moves in and out through a plurality of through holes provided in the base plate. Reference numeral 14 in the figure is a slide guide for preventing lateral blur.

The compressed and dehydrated timber 1 is transferred to a conveyor 12
It is transported on the top, and at the maximum temperature of 120 ℃ in the drying furnace of the next process,
By heating for 40 to 60 hours including heating and cooling, the average water content is dried to 20% or less.

The compression hydraulic cylinders 6 and 8 may be pneumatic, but it is preferable to use a hydraulic system in which a larger force can be easily obtained. The compression force is, for example, for a cross-section size of 110 × 110 mm of a square bar. , Gauge pressure 110 to 180 kg / c
About m ² is preferable. Within this range, minute cracks can be generated inside the square bar and the drying can be promoted without greatly exceeding the elastic limit of the square bar 1. When compressed and dehydrated under such conditions, even timber 1 with an average water content of 120%
It falls to around 80-110%.

The compressive load applied to the timber is not allowed to greatly exceed the elastic limit of the timber, and is set within a range that restores the original size when the load is removed. At this time, it is preferable to employ a compressive load close to the elastic limit or a compressive load slightly exceeding the elastic limit. When a compressive load is applied, the square bar gradually deforms after the instant deformation and causes creep, but the creep recovers when the compressive load is removed. On the other hand, when the compressive load exceeds the creep limit, creep failure occurs. For this reason, when a compressive load is applied near the creep limit, many fine cracks begin to form in the internal structure of the square timber. The size of the crack that occurs at this time is controlled by compressive load, and the wood originally contains the structure of the wood.
It should be about 0.5 to 0.8 mm. If the crack size is adjusted to this extent, the strength of the wood is not affected. These cracks facilitate the movement of water from the inner layer portion to the surface layer portion during heating and drying, accelerate drying, and enable drying in a short time. Furthermore, the present invention will be specifically described based on Examples.

[0017]

[Example] Size is 110 × 110 × 3600 mm, average water content
130% of cedar-thinning core-supporting timber 1 was fed from a supply conveyor 2 into a wood compression / dehydration device and placed on a substrate plate 3. Horizontal movement of timber 1 Air cylinder 4 (gauge pressure
70 kg / cm ² ) was used to move laterally through the lateral fixing plate 5 to adjust the position of the timber 1. Next, the vertical compression hydraulic cylinder 6 (gauge pressure 150 kg / cm ² ) is operated to bring the vertical compression plate 7 into contact with the upper surface of the square timber 1, and then the horizontal compression hydraulic cylinder 8 (gauge pressure 130 k
g / cm ² ) was actuated, the lateral compression plate 9 was brought into contact with the side surface of the square timber 1, and a compressive force was applied to the upper surface and the side surface of the square timber 1. At this time, the timber 1 was compressed to about 90 × 90 mm in cross section, but was restored to its original size by releasing the compressive force. When compressed and dehydrated for about 1 minute, the average water content of timber 1 is 100%.
It was.

The dehydrated timber 1 was transferred to a drying furnace, gradually heated up, and kept at 120 ° C. for 24 hours, then naturally cooled and taken out. The time required for drying is 50 hours on almost 2 days. The treated square timber 1 had an average water content of 18%, no cracks or distortions were observed, and had the same strength as that naturally dried by a conventional method.

[0019]

As described above, by applying a compressive load to the upper surface and the side surface of a square bar, it is possible to efficiently compress and dehydrate, and the exuded water flows down through the concave groove and the gap of the base plate. , Will be drained quickly. By heating and drying this compressed and dehydrated timber, the timber, for example, has a moisture content of a core-bearing timber of softwood with a water content of 100%.
It takes 600 to 700 hours (25 to 30 hours) to dry to 18%.
Only 50 to 70 hours (2 to 3 days) were required, and it was possible to dry sufficiently without twisting in a very short number of days.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a compression / dewatering device for wood according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the wood compression dehydrator shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the wood compression dehydrator shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged vertical sectional view showing a base plate used in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing cracks that occur when the cored square bar is dried.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a cored square member in which a notch is preliminarily cut in order to facilitate drying.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ・ ・ ・ Square wood, 2 ・ ・ ・ Supply conveyor, 3 ... Base plate, 4 ... Horizontally moving air cylinder, 5 ... Horizontal fixing plate, 6 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Vertical compression hydraulic cylinder, 7 ... Vertical compression plate, 8 ... Lateral compression hydraulic cylinder, 9 ... Lateral compression plate, 10 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Grooved metal plate, 11 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Metal plate, 12 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Transport conveyor, 13 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Air cylinder for lifting, 14 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Slide guide.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A base material plate for mounting a square piece, an upper surface compression means for compressing the square piece from above, and a side surface compression means for compressing a side surface of the square piece, wherein the base material plate absorbs moisture oozing out by the compression. have a drainage ditch to discharge, drainage
The groove is formed by vertically arranging a plurality of metal plates having concave grooves.
Compression dehydrator timber, characterized in that are. 2. A base plate for mounting a square member, a corner
The top side compression means that compresses the material from above and the side surface of the square
A side compression means for compressing is provided, and the base plate is
It has a drainage channel that drains water that oozes out by shrinkage.
Lifting means for lifting timber below the lumber plate
Is installed, and when lifting or placing timber, this lifting
Multiple penetrations provided on the base plate at the tip of the stripping means
Compressive dewatering equipment for wood characterized by entering and exiting through holes
Place