JP3370664B2 - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus for treating waste such as food waste, paper waste, and plastic waste. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, this type of waste treatment apparatus includes a mechanical treatment apparatus called a disposer and an incineration treatment apparatus using gas fuel, liquid fuel, or the like. A mechanical treatment device is a method in which garbage is pulverized by a rotary blade and then flowed to a sewer for treatment, and an incineration treatment device is a method in which fuel is burned by a burner and the combustion heat is used to incinerate the garbage. In addition to the above, there has been a waste disposal apparatus provided with a magnetron, in which garbage is heated and incinerated by microwave. [0003] However, such a conventional waste disposal apparatus has the following problems. Although a mechanical treatment device can finely grind garbage, the wastewater after treatment contains a large amount of solids, so that clogging occurs in a sewer passage, which has become a major social problem. The incineration type processing apparatus has a disadvantage that the entire apparatus is complicated and large. In addition, although the waste disposal system using magnetron does not have the above-mentioned sewer problem or the disadvantage that it is complicated and large, it has large processing time and power consumption and poor exhaust gas characteristics after treatment (for household use). Is not enough)
And other issues remain. Further, it is difficult for such a conventional waste disposal apparatus to control the temperature, humidity, efficiency, and the like during waste disposal. The present invention solves such a problem, and provides a waste treatment apparatus capable of performing clean treatment without polluting the environment such as sewage and the atmosphere and controlling the treatment efficiency and the like. The purpose is to do so. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has a waste input port, a waste processing chamber located below the waste input port, and a waste processing chamber. A waste storage container, a heating device for heating the waste treatment chamber, a blower for blowing hot air into the waste treatment chamber, and a passage for exhaust gas exhausted from the waste treatment chamber along with hot air and steam. A catalyst deodorizing unit provided in the exhaust gas passage, an exhaust port provided downstream of the catalyst deodorizing unit, and control means for varying the amount of heating by the heating device and the amount of air sent from the blower during waste treatment, This is a waste treatment apparatus in which the temperature in the waste treatment chamber is controlled to a temperature lower than the temperature at which harmful gas is generated by the control means, and the temperature or humidity in the waste treatment chamber is kept constant. According to the above configuration, after the waste is introduced from the waste inlet, the waste is treated in the waste treatment chamber heated to a predetermined temperature by the heating device. Air (hot air) is blown into the waste treatment chamber by a blower, and the gas and moisture after treatment are discharged from an exhaust port located downstream of the waste treatment chamber. Further, by changing the input value to the heating device and the amount of air sent from the blower during the waste treatment, it is possible to control the temperature, humidity, heating efficiency, and the like in the waste treatment chamber. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First
FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the waste treatment apparatus includes a waste input port 1, and the waste input port 1 is provided with a waste input port lid 2 so as to be openable and closable. In the lower part of waste input port 1,
There is a waste treatment room 3, and a waste storage container 4 is provided inside the waste treatment room 3. A heating device 5 is provided to heat the waste treatment chamber 3. In the first embodiment, an electric heater was used as the heating device 5. A temperature detector 6 is provided to detect the temperature in the waste treatment chamber 3. A blower 8 is provided for sending air 7 into the waste treatment chamber 3.
Is provided in the air supply chamber 9, and the air supply chamber 9 and the waste treatment chamber 3 are connected by the air supply pipe 10. In FIG. 1, the heating device 5 is provided near the waste treatment chamber 3, but the heating device 5 may be installed anywhere as long as the air 7 in the air supply pipe 10 can be efficiently heated. Exhaust gas generated in waste treatment room 3
On the downstream side of 16, a catalyst 11 is provided in a catalyst chamber 12,
An exhaust port 13 is provided on the downstream side of. Waste treatment room 3
And an exhaust port 13 are connected by an exhaust pipe 14. The exhaust port 13 is arranged outside the outer wall 15. When the exhaust gas 16 is a completely burned gas and has no odor,
The catalyst 11 and the catalyst chamber 12 need not be provided. The waste inlet 2 has an excellent heat resistance and a high sealing property so as not to have an odor. Next, the operation of the waste disposal apparatus having the above configuration will be described. As shown in FIG.
Thus, the input waste 17 is stored in the waste storage container 4. First, when the blower 8 and the heating device 5 are started, the air 7 in the air supply pipe 10 is heated, becomes hot air, and is sent into the waste treatment chamber 3. Therefore, the temperature inside the waste treatment chamber 3 rises, and the waste 17 starts to dry. Temperature detector 6
Thus, the temperature in the waste treatment chamber 3 is detected, and the heating device 5 is operated so as to reach a predetermined temperature. As the drying of waste 17 progresses, exhaust gas containing moisture, decomposition gas, etc.
16 will occur. This exhaust gas 16 passes through the exhaust pipe 14 and is purified by the catalyst 11 provided in the catalyst chamber 12,
After the offensive odor is removed, the odor is exhausted from the exhaust port 13 to the outside of the apparatus. If the exhaust gas 16 is a completely burned gas and has no odor, the catalyst 11 and the catalyst chamber 12 may not be provided. However, the provision of the catalyst 11 ensures that the exhaust gas 16 (particularly, hydrocarbon-based unburned gas) It can promote purification and odor removal. Further, the temperature, humidity, efficiency, and the like in the waste treatment chamber 3 are controlled by changing the input value to the heating device 5 and the amount of air sent from the blower 8 during waste treatment. In particular, by reducing the input value to the heating device 5 and the amount of air sent from the blower 8 with the progress of the waste treatment, it is possible to suppress a rise in the temperature of the waste treatment chamber and to improve the heating efficiency. Can be. Some of the plastic waste that may be mixed into the waste 17 contains chlorine, and if heated to a predetermined temperature or more, the generated gas after treatment will contain chlorine gas, causing a problem. There is also. Therefore, in the first embodiment, considering the possibility of mixing of plastic waste, the temperature in the waste treatment chamber 3 is suppressed to a temperature (about 200 ° C.) at which harmful gas is generated, and the waste is disposed. Object 17
By reducing the weight and volume of the waste 17 without completely burning it, clean and efficient waste disposal is realized. In general, when the temperature of the surface of the waste 17 rises, the amount of heat given to the waste 17 by the hot air due to convective heat transfer is relatively reduced, and the heat is transferred from the surface of the waste 17 to the inside of the waste 17 by heat conduction. The amount of heat transmitted is relatively increased. In such a state, if the amount of air sent from the blower 8 is increased, the heating amount of the hot air does not effectively affect the drying of the waste 17, so that the heating efficiency is reduced. Therefore, as an example of the waste treatment method, at the start of the waste treatment, the input value of the heating device 5 and the amount of air sent from the blower 8 are increased to near the maximum value of the use range, and the temperature of the entire device is made substantially constant. ,
With the temperature inside the waste treatment chamber 3 maintained at a predetermined temperature (about 200 ° C.), the waste input is reduced by reducing the input value of the heating device 5 and the amount of air sent from the blower 8 as the waste treatment proceeds. It is possible to efficiently evaporate water therein. At this time, if the temperature is kept constant, the humidity becomes almost constant. However, by controlling the humidity, the efficiency of the process of evaporating water in the waste 17 can be further enhanced. Next, the configuration of the second embodiment is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, a weight detector 18 for detecting the weight of the waste 17 is provided.
Is provided. In the second embodiment, as the weight detector 18, the entire waste storage container 4 storing the waste 17 is
And a means for detecting the displacement of the spring 19 by the gap sensor 20 is used. As shown in FIG. 2, when the input waste 17 is stored in the waste storage container 4 from the waste input port 1, the spring 19 supporting the entire waste storage container 4 is compressed. First,
The displacement of the spring 19 is detected by the gap sensor 20.
Then, as in the first embodiment, the blower 8 and the heating device 5
Is started, the air 7 in the air supply pipe 10 is heated, becomes hot air, is sent to the waste treatment chamber 3, and the waste 17 starts to dry. As the weight of the waste 17 is reduced by drying, the spring 19 supporting the entire waste storage container 4 is extended, and its displacement is detected by the gap sensor 20 as an electric signal. The displacement of the spring 19 detected by the gap sensor 20 can correspond to the weight of the waste 17. By continuously measuring the weight, the amount of weight reduction of the waste 17 per unit time can be detected. Then, based on the weight of the waste 17 or the weight reduction amount of the waste 17 per unit time, control of the waste treatment or determination of the end of the waste treatment is performed. In particular, regarding the determination of the end of the waste treatment,
Considering the moisture content of 17 and making it a criterion for ending the waste treatment when the weight becomes about 20% or less of the weight before the treatment, it is possible to make an almost appropriate end judgment. However, since the types of the wastes 17 are various, it may be difficult to determine the end using only the weight. In this case, when the weight loss of the waste 17 per unit time saturates is set as a criterion, it is possible to accurately determine the end of the waste treatment. FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, as the weight detector 18, means for detecting the position of the waste storage container 4 storing the waste 17 with the optical sensor 21 is used. The optical sensor 21 corresponds to the gap sensor 20 of the second embodiment, but has a different detection principle, so that the mounting method is as shown in FIG. Since the gap sensor 20 used in the second embodiment employs an eddy current method, it may be affected by electrical noise, but the optical sensor 21 is not affected by electrical noise. , Reliability is also secured. In this embodiment, an electric heater is used as the heating device 5, but a magnetron or a gas burner may be used. In particular, for the treatment of garbage with a high water content, microwave heating using a magnetron is often used,
The control by the optical sensor is effective for the microwave without malfunction. As is clear from the above description of the embodiment, according to the waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. First, the temperature, humidity, heating efficiency, etc. in the waste treatment chamber are controlled by varying the input value to the heating device and the amount of air sent from the blower during waste treatment. Improvement can be achieved. In addition, by considering the mixing of plastic waste, the temperature inside the waste disposal chamber is reduced by reducing the weight and volume of waste at a temperature at which no harmful gas is generated, so that it is clean,
Efficient waste disposal can be performed. Further, by detecting the weight of the waste or the amount of weight reduction per unit time, it is possible to perform control during waste processing or determine termination of waste processing. Further, the odor generated during the waste treatment can be removed by the catalyst provided on the downstream side of the waste treatment chamber.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a waste disposal apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a waste disposal apparatus according to a second embodiment. Sectional view of the waste treatment apparatus of the third embodiment [Description of symbols] 1 Waste input port 3 Waste treatment chamber 4 Waste storage container 5 Heating device 8 Blower 11 Catalyst 13 Exhaust port 18 Weight detector 20 Gap sensor 21 Light sensor

   ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (72) Inventor Jiro Suzuki               1006 Kadoma Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Matsushita Electric               Kiki Sangyo Co., Ltd.                (56) References JP-A-1-300114 (JP, A)                 JP-A-49-57674 (JP, A)                 JP-A-62-218710 (JP, A)                 1-94729 (JP, U)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims 1] A waste input port, a waste processing chamber located below the waste input port, a waste storage container provided in the waste processing chamber, A heating device for heating the waste treatment chamber, a blower for blowing hot air into the waste treatment chamber, a passage for exhaust gas exhausted from the waste treatment chamber together with the hot air and water vapor, and a passage for the exhaust gas The catalyst deodorizing unit provided in the, the exhaust port provided downstream of the catalyst deodorizing unit, and a control means for varying the amount of heating by the heating device and the amount of air sent from the blower during waste treatment, the A waste treatment apparatus for controlling a temperature in the waste treatment chamber to be equal to or lower than a temperature at which harmful gas is generated by a control unit, and keeping a temperature or humidity in the waste treatment chamber constant.