JP3365456B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic apparatus and apparatus unit equipped with the electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents
Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic apparatus and apparatus unit equipped with the electrophotographic photoreceptorInfo
- Publication number
- JP3365456B2 JP3365456B2 JP32119794A JP32119794A JP3365456B2 JP 3365456 B2 JP3365456 B2 JP 3365456B2 JP 32119794 A JP32119794 A JP 32119794A JP 32119794 A JP32119794 A JP 32119794A JP 3365456 B2 JP3365456 B2 JP 3365456B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrophotographic
- layer
- group
- photosensitive member
- general formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
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- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、電子写真感光体及び該
電子写真感光体を備えた電子写真装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an electrophotographic apparatus equipped with the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】電子写真感光体は、近年、種々の電子写
真感光体の開発が進み、複写機やプリンタ−に搭載され
ている。しかしながら、これ等の電子写真感光体は一般
的に耐久性が低いことが一つの大きな欠点であるとされ
てきた。耐久性としては、感度、残留電位、帯電能、画
像ボケ、地カブリ等の電子写真特性の耐久性及び摺擦に
よる感光体表面の摩耗やひっかき傷等の機械的耐久性に
大別されるが、特に機械的耐久性に劣ることが感光体の
寿命を決定する大きな要因となっており、より機械的耐
久性の優れた電子写真感光体の開発が望まれている。ま
た、電子写真感光体の表面層は特に高湿下、コロナ帯電
時に生ずるオゾンによって生成する低抵抗物質の付着あ
るいはトナ−のクリ−ニング不良に基づくフィルミン
グ、融着、低分子である電荷輸送物質の析出等による画
像劣化を引き起こす要因を持っており、そのため前記の
機械的耐久性と共に、各種の付着物に対する離型性も求
められている。そして、かかる要求のために、即ち摩耗
やひっかき傷に対する機械的耐久性を向上し、更に離型
性、撥水性も加え、トナ−融着等を防止するために、潤
滑剤を感光体表面層に分散させると有効であることは公
知である。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, various electrophotographic photoconductors have been developed and are mounted on copying machines and printers. However, one of the major drawbacks of these electrophotographic photosensitive members has been their low durability. Durability is roughly classified into sensitivity, residual potential, chargeability, durability of electrophotographic characteristics such as image blur and background fog, and mechanical durability such as abrasion and scratches on the surface of the photoreceptor due to rubbing. In particular, inferior mechanical durability is a major factor in determining the life of the photoconductor, and development of an electrophotographic photoconductor having more excellent mechanical durability is desired. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photoconductor is filming, fusion, and low molecular weight charge transport due to adhesion of a low resistance substance generated by ozone generated during corona charging under high humidity, or toner cleaning failure. It has a factor of causing image deterioration due to deposition of substances, and therefore, in addition to the mechanical durability described above, releasability for various kinds of deposits is required. In order to meet such requirements, that is, to improve mechanical durability against abrasion and scratches, and also to add releasability and water repellency, and to prevent toner fusion and the like, a lubricant is added to the photoreceptor surface layer. It is known that it is effective when dispersed in.
【0003】一方、感光体表面はコロナ帯電時発生する
オゾンにより常に劣化作用を受けており、高品位の画像
を得るためには感光体表面を研摩して常に新しい面を出
す必要がある。特に、この研摩作用が不十分であると耐
久につれ画像がつぶれ、文字が判読できない、いわゆる
画像ボケが起きてくる。従来の電子写真感光体は、機械
的耐久性が劣る結果、耐久と共に感光体表面が適度に削
れ、常に新しい面が現れるため画像ボケがほとんど問題
にならなかった。しかしながら、前記潤滑剤を分散させ
た感光体においては、機械的耐久性が向上した結果、感
光体表面の削れ量が著しく減少するため、劣化した表面
層が削られず、耐久につれ画像ボケが発生し、高耐久の
感光体の実用化が難しいのが現状であった。On the other hand, the surface of the photoconductor is constantly deteriorated by ozone generated during corona charging, and it is necessary to polish the surface of the photoconductor to obtain a new surface in order to obtain a high quality image. In particular, if the polishing action is insufficient, the image is crushed as it is durable, and characters are unreadable, so-called image blurring occurs. The conventional electrophotographic photosensitive member has poor mechanical durability, so that the surface of the photosensitive member is appropriately scraped along with durability, and a new surface always appears, so that image blur hardly occurs. However, in the photoconductor in which the lubricant is dispersed, the mechanical durability is improved, and as a result, the amount of abrasion of the photoconductor surface is significantly reduced, so that the deteriorated surface layer is not abraded and image blurring occurs with the durability. The current situation is that it is difficult to put a highly durable photoreceptor into practical use.
【0004】逆に、上記研摩作用が十分すぎると、表面
層が電荷輸送層である場合は、特に削られることによ
り、帯電能の低下、暗減衰の増大、残留電位の上昇等、
電位が不安定となり、感度が低下し、コントラスト電位
が十分に取れなくなり、耐久につれ、画像上に地カブリ
が発生するという問題があり、削れと潤滑性をコントロ
−ルすることは極めて難しいのが現状であった。On the contrary, if the above-mentioned polishing action is excessively large, especially when the surface layer is a charge transport layer, the surface layer is abraded to lower the charging ability, increase the dark decay, increase the residual potential, etc.
There is a problem that the potential becomes unstable, the sensitivity decreases, the contrast potential cannot be sufficiently obtained, and the background fog occurs on the image as it is durable, and it is extremely difficult to control scraping and lubricity. It was the current situation.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、摺擦
による表面の摩耗やひっかき傷の発生等に対して耐久性
を有し、かつ、画像ボケのない高品位の画像が得られる
高耐久性を有する電子写真感光体を提供すること、クリ
−ニング性が良好で感光体表面層へのトナ−付着のない
高耐久性を有する電子写真感光体を提供すること、繰り
返し電子写真プロセスにおいて帯電能の低下や感度低
下、残留電位の蓄積がなく、画像ボケ、地カブリのない
常に高品位の画像が得られる高耐久性を有する電子写真
感光体を提供することである。また、該電子写真感光体
を備えた電子写真装置を提供することである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a high-quality image which has durability against surface abrasion due to rubbing, scratches, and the like, and which is free from image blur. To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member having durability, to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member having good cleaning property and having high durability without toner adhesion to a surface layer of the photosensitive member, in a repeated electrophotographic process. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member having high durability, which is free from deterioration of charging ability, deterioration of sensitivity, and accumulation of residual potential, and which can always obtain a high-quality image without image blur and background fog. Another object is to provide an electrophotographic apparatus equipped with the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
【0006】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、導電性支持体
上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体において、該感光層
の表面層に潤滑剤を含有し、かつ、下記一般式(1)で
示される化合物及び下記一般式(2)で示される化合物
を含有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体から構成さ
れる。
一般式(1)The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, which contains a lubricant in the surface layer of the photosensitive layer and has the following general formula (1): And an electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by containing a compound represented by the following formula and a compound represented by the following general formula (2). General formula (1)
【化5】
(式中、R1はジ低級アルキルアミノ基を示し、R2は
水素原子またはジ低級アルキルアミノ基を示す。)
一般式(2)[Chemical 5]
(Where R1Represents a di-lower alkylamino group, RTwoIs
A hydrogen atom or a di-lower alkylamino group is shown.)
General formula (2)
【化6】
(式中、R1及びR2は水素原子、アルキル基、アルコ
キシ基を示し、R3はアルキル基、アルコキシ基または
ベンジル基を示し、R4は水素原子、アルキル基または
アルコキシ基を示し、R5はアルキル基、置換基を有し
てもよいアリ−ル基またはベンジル基を示す。) [Chemical 6] (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, R 3 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a benzyl group, R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, R 4 5 is an alkyl group which may have a substituent ants - shows a group or a benzyl group).
【0007】具体的には、一般式(1)におけるR1 及
びR2 の示すジ低級アルキルアミノ基としてはジメチル
アミノ、ジエチルアミノ等の基が挙げられ、一般式
(2)におけるR1 、R2 、R3 、R4 及びR5 の示す
アルキル基としてはメチル、エチル等の基が挙げられ、
R1 、R2 、R3 及びR4 の示すアルコキシ基としては
メトキシ、エトキシ等の基が挙げられ、R5 の示すアリ
−ル基としてはフェニル、ナフチル等の基が挙げられ、
置換基としては、メチル、エチル等のアルキル基、メト
キシ、エトキシ等のアルコキシ基、フッ素原子、塩素原
子等のハロゲン原子が挙げられる。表1〜3に上記化合
物の代表例を示す。[0007] Specific examples of the di-lower alkylamino group represented by R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (1) dimethylamino, include groups diethylamino, R 1, R 2 in the general formula (2) Examples of the alkyl group represented by R 3 , R 4, and R 5 include groups such as methyl and ethyl,
Examples of the alkoxy group represented by R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 include groups such as methoxy and ethoxy, and examples of the aryl group represented by R 5 include groups such as phenyl and naphthyl.
Examples of the substituent include an alkyl group such as methyl and ethyl, an alkoxy group such as methoxy and ethoxy, and a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom. Tables 1 to 3 show typical examples of the above compounds.
【表1】 [Table 1]
【表2】 [Table 2]
【表3】 [Table 3]
【0008】本発明の電子写真感光体は、潤滑剤と前記
一般式(1)で示される化合物及び一般式(2)で示さ
れる化合物を併用することによって、感光体表面に潤滑
性を付与させて、クリーニング工程における摩耗やひっ
かき傷等の機械的損傷を防ぎ、離型性、撥水性を発現さ
せる。そして、これ等の材料を併用することにより、潤
滑性及び化学的耐久性が向上し、従来の削れ量よりも少
なく、フィルミング、由宇着が起こらない程度に適度に
削れ、かつ、滑るといった適度なバランスを保った電子
写真感光体と該電子写真感光体表面を形成することがで
き、これにより、地カブリ、画像ボケのない高品位な画
像を得ることができた。In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, a lubricant is used in combination with the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2) to impart lubricity to the surface of the photoreceptor. Thus, mechanical damage such as abrasion and scratches in the cleaning process is prevented, and releasability and water repellency are exhibited. By using these materials together, the lubricity and chemical durability are improved, the amount of abrasion is smaller than that of the conventional one, and it is moderately shaved to the extent that filming and adhesion does not occur, and it has an appropriate degree of slipping. It was possible to form an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a good balance and the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, whereby a high-quality image free from background fog and image blur could be obtained.
【0009】本発明において用いる代表的な潤滑剤は、
例えばフッ素系樹脂粉体、ポリオレフィン系樹脂粉体、
シリコ−ン系樹脂粉体等の潤滑性樹脂粉体やフッ化カ−
ボン等が挙げられ、特にフッ素系樹脂粉体が好ましい。Typical lubricants used in the present invention are:
For example, fluorine resin powder, polyolefin resin powder,
Lubricating resin powder such as silicone resin powder and fluorocarbon
Examples thereof include bon and the like, and fluororesin powder is particularly preferable.
【0010】フッ素系樹脂粉体としては、例えば四フッ
化エチレン樹脂粉体、三フッ化塩化エチレン樹脂粉体、
六フッ化エチレンプロピレン樹脂粉体、フッ化ビニル樹
脂粉体、フッ化ビニリデン樹脂粉体、フッ化二塩化エチ
レン樹脂粉体及びこれ等の共重合体等が挙げられ、これ
等の中から一種あるいはそれ以上が適宜選択されるが、
特に四フッ化エチレン樹脂粉体フッ化ビニリデン樹脂粉
体が好ましい。Examples of the fluorine resin powder include tetrafluoroethylene resin powder, trifluorochloroethylene resin powder,
Hexafluoroethylene propylene resin powder, vinyl fluoride resin powder, vinylidene fluoride resin powder, fluorinated dichloroethylene resin powder and copolymers thereof and the like can be mentioned. One of these or More than that is selected appropriately,
Particularly, tetrafluoroethylene resin powder and vinylidene fluoride resin powder are preferable.
【0011】また、ポリオレフィン系樹脂粉体として
は、例えばポリエチレン樹脂粉体、ポリプロピレン樹脂
粉体、ポリブテン樹脂粉体、ポリヘキセン樹脂粉体等の
ホモポリマ−樹脂粉体、エチレン−プロピレン共重合
体、エチレン−ブテン共重合体等のコポリマ−樹脂粉
体、これ等とヘキセン等との三元共重合体、更にこれ等
の熱変性物のようなポリオレフィン系樹脂粉体等が挙げ
られ、これ等の中から一種またはそれ以上が適宜選択さ
れるが、特にポリエチレン樹脂粉体、ポリプロピレン樹
脂粉体が好ましい。Examples of polyolefin resin powders include homopolymer resin powders such as polyethylene resin powder, polypropylene resin powder, polybutene resin powder, polyhexene resin powder, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene- Copolymer resin powders such as butene copolymers, terpolymers of these with hexene and the like, and polyolefin resin powders such as heat-modified products thereof, and the like. One or more may be appropriately selected, but polyethylene resin powder and polypropylene resin powder are particularly preferable.
【0012】樹脂の分子量や粉体の粒径は適宜選択する
ことができるが、粒径に関しては、特には0.1〜10
μmが好ましい。これ等の潤滑剤を均一に分散するため
分散剤を樹脂に添加してもよい。The molecular weight of the resin and the particle size of the powder can be appropriately selected, but the particle size is particularly 0.1-10.
μm is preferred. A dispersant may be added to the resin in order to uniformly disperse these lubricants.
【0013】潤滑剤を分散させた感光層を形成する際
に、成膜できないような低分子量の電荷輸送物質を用い
る場合には、成膜性を有する樹脂をバインダ−として用
いる。バインダ−樹脂は単独でもある程度の硬さを有す
ること、キャリヤ−輸送を妨害しないこと等の点から、
ビスフェノ−ル型Aポリカ−ボネ−ト、ビスフェノ−ル
Z型ポリカ−ボネ−ト等のポリカ−ボネ−ト樹脂が好ま
しく、特にビスフェノ−ルZ型ポリカ−ボネ−トが好ま
しい。When a low molecular weight charge transport substance that cannot be formed into a film is used when forming a photosensitive layer in which a lubricant is dispersed, a resin having a film forming property is used as a binder. The binder resin alone has a certain degree of hardness, and does not interfere with carrier transportation.
Polycarbonate resins such as bisphenol type A polycarbonate and bisphenol Z type polycarbonate are preferred, and bisphenol Z type polycarbonate is particularly preferred.
【0014】バインダ−樹脂の重量平均分子量は塗工性
を考慮すると2万〜15万が最適である。The weight average molecular weight of the binder resin is optimally 20,000 to 150,000 in consideration of coatability.
【0015】バインダ−樹脂中に分散される潤滑剤の含
有率は表面改質効果、光透過性、キャリア移動性等の点
から、潤滑剤が含まれている感光層の重量分率で1〜5
0重量%が適当であり、特に、2〜15重量%が好まし
い。The content of the lubricant dispersed in the binder resin is 1 to 1 in terms of the weight fraction of the photosensitive layer containing the lubricant in view of the effect of surface modification, light transmission and carrier mobility. 5
0% by weight is suitable, and 2 to 15% by weight is particularly preferable.
【0016】本発明の電子写真感光体の感光層は、電荷
発生物質と電荷輸送物質を同一の層に含有する、いわゆ
る単一層型及び電荷発生物質を含有する電荷発生層と電
荷輸送物質を含有する電荷輸送層を有する、いわゆる積
層型に大別される。積層型は、更に、導電性支持体、電
荷発生層及び電荷輸送層をこの順に有するタイプと導電
性支持体、電荷輸送層及び電荷発生層をこの順に有する
タイプに分けられる。本発明の電子写真感光体は、積層
型、特に電荷発生層の上に電荷輸送層を積層したタイプ
であることが好ましい。The photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention contains a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance in the same layer, that is, a so-called single layer type and a charge generating layer containing the charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance. The charge-transporting layer has a charge-transporting layer. The laminated type is further classified into a type having a conductive support, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order and a type having a conductive support, a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer in this order. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is preferably a laminated type, particularly a type in which a charge transport layer is laminated on a charge generation layer.
【0017】本発明の電子写真感光体を製造する場合、
導電性支持体としては、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合
金、銅、亜鉛、ステンレス、チタン、ニッケル、インジ
ウム、金及び白金等が挙げられる。また、これ等金属や
合金を真空蒸着法によって被膜形成したプラスチック
(例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニ
ル、ポリエチレンテレフタレ−ト及びアクリル樹脂等)
や導電性粒子を適当なバインダ−樹脂と共に上記のよう
なプラスチック、金属または合金支持体上に被覆した支
持体あるいは導電性粒子をプラスチックや紙に含浸した
支持体等を用いることができる。支持体の形状としては
ドラム状及びベルト状等が挙げられるが、適用される電
子写真感光体に最も適した形状にすることが好ましい。When the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is manufactured,
Examples of the conductive support include aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, zinc, stainless steel, titanium, nickel, indium, gold and platinum. In addition, plastics formed by coating these metals or alloys by vacuum deposition (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic resin, etc.)
Alternatively, a support obtained by coating conductive particles with a suitable binder resin on the above-mentioned plastic, metal or alloy support or a support obtained by impregnating conductive particles into plastic or paper can be used. Examples of the shape of the support include a drum shape and a belt shape, but it is preferable to make the shape most suitable for the electrophotographic photosensitive member to be applied.
【0018】導電性粒子としては、粒子自体が導電性を
有するもの、例えば金属粉体(例えばアルミニウム、
銅、ニッケル及び銀等)、金属単繊維、カ−ボンファイ
バ−、導電性粉体(例えばカ−ボンブラック、チタンブ
ラック、グラファイト、金属酸化物及び金属硫化物とし
ての酸化アンチモン、酸化インジウム、酸化スズ、酸化
チタン、酸化亜鉛、チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸バリウ
ム、チタン酸マグネシウム、硫酸バリウム、硫化亜鉛、
硫化銅、酸化マグネシウム及び酸化アルミニウム等、及
びこれ等の金属酸化物や金属硫化物を導電性物質で表面
処理したもの、シランカップリング剤やチタンカップリ
ング剤で表面処理したもの及び還元処理したもの)等が
挙げられる。As the conductive particles, particles having conductivity themselves, for example, metal powder (eg, aluminum,
Copper, nickel and silver, etc., metal single fiber, carbon fiber, conductive powder (eg carbon black, titanium black, graphite, antimony oxide as metal oxide and metal sulfide, indium oxide, oxidation) Tin, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, potassium titanate, barium titanate, magnesium titanate, barium sulfate, zinc sulfide,
Copper sulfide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, etc., and their metal oxides or metal sulfides surface-treated with a conductive substance, those surface-treated with a silane coupling agent or titanium coupling agent, and those reduced ) And the like.
【0019】上記導電性支持体と感光層の中間にバリア
−機能と接着機能を有する下引き層を設けることもでき
る。下引き層は、カゼイン、ポリビニルアルコ−ル、ニ
トロセルロ−ス、エチレン−アクリル酸コポリマ−、ポ
リビニルブチラ−ル、フェノ−ル樹脂、ポリアミド(ナ
イロン6、ナイロン66、ナイロン610、共重合ナイ
ロンアルコキシメチル化ナイロン等)、ポリウレタン、
ゼラチン、酸化アルミニウム、ポリアミド酸、ポリイミ
ド等によって形成することができる。下引き層の膜厚は
0.1〜50μm、好ましくは0.3〜20μmが適当
である。An undercoat layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function may be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer. The undercoat layer is casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, phenol resin, polyamide (nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, copolymerized nylon alkoxymethyl). Nylon, etc.), polyurethane,
It can be formed of gelatin, aluminum oxide, polyamic acid, polyimide or the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is 0.1 to 50 μm, preferably 0.3 to 20 μm.
【0020】電荷発生層は、モノアゾ、ジスアゾ及びト
リスアゾ等のアゾ顔料、金属フタロシアニン及び無金属
フタロシアニン等のフタロシアニン系顔料、インジゴ及
びチオインジゴ等のインジゴ系顔料、アントロン及びピ
レンキノン等の多環キノン系顔料、ペリレン酸無水物及
びペリレン酸イミド等のペリレン系顔料、スクワリリウ
ム系色素、ピリリウム及びチアピリリウム塩類またはト
リフェニルメタン系色素等の電荷発生物質を、適当な溶
剤を用いてバインダ−樹脂、例えばポリビニルアセタ−
ル、ポリスチレン、ポリエステル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、メ
タクリル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリビニルピロリドンま
たはセルロ−ス系樹脂等の樹脂中に分散させた溶液を塗
布し、乾燥することによって形成することができる。電
荷発生層の膜厚は5μm以下、特には0.05〜2μm
が好ましい。The charge generation layer comprises azo pigments such as monoazo, disazo and trisazo, phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanine and metal-free phthalocyanine, indigo pigments such as indigo and thioindigo, and polycyclic quinone pigments such as anthrone and pyrenequinone. A perylene-based pigment such as perylene anhydride and perylene imide, a squarylium-based dye, a charge generating substance such as pyrylium and thiapyrylium salts or triphenylmethane-based dye, and a binder resin using a suitable solvent, for example, polyvinyl acet
It can be formed by applying a solution dispersed in a resin such as silicone resin, polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, methacrylic resin, acrylic resin, polyvinylpyrrolidone or cellulose resin and drying. The thickness of the charge generation layer is 5 μm or less, particularly 0.05 to 2 μm
Is preferred.
【0021】電荷輸送層は、成膜性を有する樹脂の溶液
に、前記一般式(1)及び一般式(2)で示す化合物群
から選ばれる電荷輸送物質を溶解した溶液を塗布し、乾
燥することによって形成することができる。For the charge transport layer, a solution of a charge transporting substance selected from the group of compounds represented by the general formulas (1) and (2) is applied to a solution of a resin having film-forming properties and dried. Can be formed by
【0022】電荷輸送層が表面層とならない場合(保護
層等がある場合を含む)、成膜性を有する樹脂としてポ
リエステル、ポリカ−ボネ−ト、ポリメタクリル酸エス
テル及びポリスチレン等が挙げられる。When the charge transport layer does not serve as the surface layer (including the case where there is a protective layer etc.), the resin having film forming property includes polyester, polycarbonate, polymethacrylic acid ester, polystyrene and the like.
【0023】電荷輸送層の膜厚は5〜40μm、特には
10〜30μmが好ましい。The thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 5 to 40 μm, more preferably 10 to 30 μm.
【0024】単一層型の場合には、前記電荷発生物質、
電荷輸送物質と潤滑剤を分散及び溶解させた溶液を導電
性支持体上に塗布し、乾燥することによって形成するこ
とができる。In the case of a single layer type, the charge generating substance,
It can be formed by applying a solution in which a charge transport substance and a lubricant are dispersed and dissolved on a conductive support and drying.
【0025】また、ポリビニルカルバゾ−ル、ポリビニ
ルアントラセン等の有機光導電性ポリマ−層、前述した
電荷発生物質の蒸着層、セレン蒸着層、セレン−テルル
蒸着層、アモルファスシリコン層等も感光層として用い
ることができる。Further, an organic photoconductive polymer layer such as polyvinylcarbazol or polyvinylanthracene, a vapor deposition layer of the above-mentioned charge generating substance, a selenium vapor deposition layer, a selenium-tellurium vapor deposition layer, an amorphous silicon layer, etc. are also used as photosensitive layers. Can be used.
【0026】単一層型の場合、感光層の膜厚は5〜40
μm、特には10〜30μmが好ましい。In the case of a single layer type, the thickness of the photosensitive layer is 5 to 40.
μm, particularly 10 to 30 μm is preferable.
【0027】上述した各種層の塗布方法としては、浸漬
コ−ティング法、スプレ−コ−ティング法、スピンナ−
コ−ティング法、ビ−ムコ−ティング法、マイヤ−バ−
コ−ティング法、ロ−ラ−コ−ティング法及びブレ−ド
コ−ティング法等が挙げられる。The above-mentioned various layers may be applied by dip coating, spray coating or spinner coating.
Coating method, beam coating method, myver
A coating method, a roller coating method, a blade coating method and the like can be mentioned.
【0028】また、前記感光層の上に、更に、耐久性、
環境安定性を向上させる目的で前記潤滑剤を含有する保
護層を設けることもできる。保護層の膜厚は0.2〜1
0μm、特には0.6〜6μmが適当である。保護層に
用いる樹脂としてはポリカ−ボネ−ト、ポリエステル、
ポリアリレ−ト、ポリスチレン、ポリウレタン、アクリ
ル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、シリコ−ン樹脂、セルロ−ス樹
脂、ポリ塩化ビニル、ホスファゼン樹脂、メラミン樹
脂、ポリアミド、ポリイミド及び塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニ
ル共重合体等が挙げられる。これ等の樹脂は単独で用い
ることも、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることもでき
る。また、塗工後重合させる場合は重合開始剤を含んで
いてもよい。また、抵抗をコントロ−ルする意味で保護
層に導電性粒子を含んでいてもよく、必要に応じて表面
処理したものでもよい。導電性粒子としては金属、金属
酸化物、カ−ボンブラック等が挙げられる。表面処理剤
としてはシランカップリング剤、シリコ−ンオイル、界
面活性剤等が挙げられる。金属としてはアルミニウム、
亜鉛、銅、クロム、ニッケル、ステンレス、銀等、また
はこれ等の金属をプラスチックの粒子の表面に蒸着した
もの等が挙げられる。これ等は単独で用いることも2種
以上を組み合わせて用いることもできる。2種以上を組
み合わせて用いる場合は、単に混合しても、固溶体や融
着の形にしてもよい。また、必要に応じて前記電荷輸送
物質を添加してもよい。保護層は、前記の方法の他にビ
−ム塗工、真空蒸着等を利用することができる。Further, on the photosensitive layer, durability,
A protective layer containing the lubricant may be provided for the purpose of improving environmental stability. The thickness of the protective layer is 0.2 to 1
0 μm, particularly 0.6 to 6 μm is suitable. As the resin used for the protective layer, polycarbonate, polyester,
Polyarylate, polystyrene, polyurethane, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, silicone resin, cellulose resin, polyvinyl chloride, phosphazene resin, melamine resin, polyamide, polyimide and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. . These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds. Moreover, when superposing | polymerizing after coating, you may contain the polymerization initiator. Further, in order to control the resistance, the protective layer may contain conductive particles, and may be surface-treated if necessary. Examples of the conductive particles include metals, metal oxides, carbon black and the like. Examples of the surface treatment agent include silane coupling agents, silicone oils, surfactants and the like. Aluminum as the metal,
Examples thereof include zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, stainless steel, silver, and the like, or those obtained by vapor-depositing these metals on the surface of plastic particles. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds are used in combination, they may be simply mixed, or may be in the form of solid solution or fusion. Further, the charge transport material may be added if necessary. For the protective layer, beam coating, vacuum deposition or the like can be used in addition to the above method.
【0029】本発明の電子写真感光体は、複写機、レ−
ザ−プリンタ−、LEDプリンタ−、液晶シャッタ−式
プリンタ−等の電子写真装置一般に適応し得るが、更
に、電子写真技術を応用したディスプレ−、記録、軽印
刷、製版及びファクシミリ等の装置にも幅広く適用し得
るものである。The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is used in a copying machine, a laser.
The present invention can be applied to general electrophotographic devices such as printers, LED printers, liquid crystal shutter-type printers, etc., but also to devices such as displays, recording, light printing, plate making and facsimiles to which electrophotographic technology is applied. It can be widely applied.
【0030】また、本発明は前記本発明の電子写真感光
体を備えた電子写真装置及び装置ユニットから構成され
る。Further, the present invention comprises an electrophotographic apparatus and an apparatus unit provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
【0031】図1に本発明のドラム型感光体を用いた一
般的な転写式電子写真装置の概略構成を示した。図にお
いて、1は像担持体としてのドラム型感光体であり軸1
aを中心に矢印方向に所定の周速度で回転駆動される。
該感光体1はその回転過程で帯電手段2によりその周面
に正または負の所定電位の均一帯電を受け、次いで露光
部3にて不図示の像露光手段により光像露光L(スリッ
ト露光・レ−ザ−ビ−ム走査露光など)を受ける。これ
により感光体周面に露光像に対応した静電潜像が順次形
成されていく。その静電潜像は、次いで現像手段4でト
ナ−現像され、そのトナ−現像像が転写手段5により不
図示の給紙部から感光体1と転写手段5との間に感光体
1の回転と同期取りされて給送された転写材Pの面に順
次転写されていく。像転写を受けた転写材Pは感光体面
から分離されて像定着手段8へ導入されて像定着を受け
て複写物(コピ−)として機外へプリントアウトされ
る。像転写後の感光体1の表面はクリ−ニング手段6に
て転写残りトナ−の除去を受けて清浄面化され、前露光
手段7により除電処理がされて繰り返して像形成に使用
される。感光体1の均一帯電手段2としてはコロナ帯電
装置が一般に広く使用されている。また、転写装置5も
コロナ転写手段が一般に広く使用されている。電子写真
装置として、上述の感光体や現像手段、クリ−ニング手
段などの構成要素のうち、複数のものを装置ユニットと
して一体に結合して構成し、このユニットを装置本体に
対して着脱自在に構成しても良い。例えば、感光体1と
クリ−ニング手段6とを一体化してひとつの装置ユニッ
トとし、装置本体のレ−ルなどの案内手段を用いて着脱
自在の構成にしてもよい。このとき、上記の装置ユニッ
トのほうに帯電手段および/または現像手段を伴って構
成してもよい。また、光像露光Lは、電子写真装置を複
写機やプリンタ−として使用する場合には、原稿からの
反射光や透過光を用いる、あるいは、原稿を読み取り信
号化に従って、この信号によりレ−ザ−ビ−ムの走査、
発光ダイオ−ドアレイの駆動、または液晶シャッタ−ア
レイの駆動などを行うことにより行われる。FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a general transfer type electrophotographic apparatus using the drum type photoreceptor of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum type photosensitive member as an image bearing member, and a shaft 1
It is rotationally driven around a at a predetermined peripheral speed in the arrow direction.
The photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged at its peripheral surface by a charging unit 2 at a predetermined positive or negative potential in the course of its rotation, and then at an exposure unit 3 an optical image exposure L (slit exposure Laser beam scanning exposure). As a result, electrostatic latent images corresponding to the exposed image are sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor. The electrostatic latent image is then toner-developed by the developing means 4, and the toner-developed image is rotated by the transfer means 5 from a paper feeding portion (not shown) between the photosensitive body 1 and the transfer means 5. Then, the image is sequentially transferred onto the surface of the transfer material P that is fed in synchronization with the above. The transfer material P which has received the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photoconductor and is introduced into the image fixing means 8 where it is subjected to image fixing and printed out as a copy (copy). The surface of the photoconductor 1 after the image transfer is cleaned by the cleaning means 6 by removing the transfer residual toner, and is subjected to the charge removal processing by the pre-exposure means 7 to be repeatedly used for image formation. As a uniform charging means 2 for the photoconductor 1, a corona charging device is generally widely used. Also, as the transfer device 5, corona transfer means is generally widely used. As an electrophotographic apparatus, a plurality of constituent elements such as the photoconductor, the developing unit, and the cleaning unit described above are integrally combined as an apparatus unit, and the unit is detachably attached to the apparatus main body. It may be configured. For example, the photosensitive member 1 and the cleaning means 6 may be integrated into one device unit, and the device body may be detachable by using a guide means such as a rail. At this time, the above-mentioned apparatus unit may be configured with a charging means and / or a developing means. When the electrophotographic apparatus is used as a copying machine or a printer, the light image exposure L uses reflected light or transmitted light from an original, or the original is read and converted into a signal by a laser. -Beam scanning,
This is performed by driving the light emitting diode array or the liquid crystal shutter array.
【0032】[0032]
【実施例】比較例1
アルミニウムシリンダーを導電性支持体とし、これに、
ポリアミド樹脂(商品名アミランCM−8000、東レ
(株)製)の5%メタノール溶液を浸漬コーティング法
で塗布し、90℃で10分間乾燥することによって、膜
厚0.45μmの下引き層を形成した。EXAMPLES Comparative Example 1 An aluminum cylinder was used as a conductive support, and
A 5% methanol solution of polyamide resin (trade name: Amilan CM-8000, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) is applied by a dip coating method and dried at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes to form an undercoating layer having a thickness of 0.45 μm. did.
【0033】次に、下記のジスアゾ顔料Next, the following disazo pigments
【化7】
5部にテトラヒドロフラン90部を加え、サンドミルで
22時間分散した。この液にブチラ−ル樹脂(商品名B
LS、積水化学工業(株)製)2.5部をテトラヒドロ
フラン20部に溶解した液を加え、更に3時間分散し
た。この分散液にシクロヘキサノン95部及びテトラヒ
ドロフラン105部を加えて希釈した液を、先に形成し
た下引き層上に塗布し、80℃で10分間乾燥し、膜厚
0.15μmの電荷発生層を形成した。[Chemical 7] 90 parts of tetrahydrofuran was added to 5 parts and dispersed by a sand mill for 22 hours. Butyral resin (trade name B
A solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 parts of LS and Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. in 20 parts of tetrahydrofuran was added, and further dispersed for 3 hours. A liquid obtained by adding 95 parts of cyclohexanone and 105 parts of tetrahydrofuran to this dispersion and diluting it is applied on the previously formed undercoat layer and dried at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.15 μm. did.
【0034】次に、ポリカーボネート(重量平均分子量
55,000、帝人化成(株)製)20部と下記構造式
の電荷輸送物質Next, 20 parts of polycarbonate (weight average molecular weight: 55,000, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd.) and a charge-transporting substance having the following structural formula
【化8】
20部をクロロベンゼン100部に溶解し、これに潤滑
剤であるフッ素樹脂粉体としてポリ四フッ化エチレン粉
体(商品名ルブロンL−2、ダイキン工業(株)製)6
部を加えてステンレス製ボールミルで50時間分散し、
更にジクロロエタン20部を加えて電荷輸送層用塗布液
を調製し、この液を先に形成した電荷発声層上に塗布
し、100℃で90分間熱風乾燥し、膜厚20μmの電
荷輸送層を形成した。作成した電子写真感光体を比較感
光体1とする。[Chemical 8] Polytetrafluoroethylene powder (trade name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) 6 was prepared by dissolving 20 parts in 100 parts of chlorobenzene and adding fluororesin powder as a lubricant to this.
Parts and disperse for 50 hours with a stainless steel ball mill,
Furthermore, 20 parts of dichloroethane was added to prepare a coating solution for the charge transport layer, and this solution was applied onto the previously formed charge vocalization layer and dried with hot air at 100 ° C. for 90 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm. did. The produced electrophotographic photosensitive member is referred to as a comparative photosensitive member 1.
【0035】比較感光体1をブレード侵入量(ブレード
が感光体に押し当たって曲がる長さ)1.0mm、スポ
ンジローラー相対速度106%になるように改造した複
写機(商品名NP−3525、キヤノン(株)製)に装
着し、画像評価、耐久性評価を行った。A copying machine (commercial name NP-3525, Canon) in which the comparative photoconductor 1 was modified so that the blade penetration amount (the length by which the blade presses the photoconductor and bends) was 1.0 mm and the relative speed of the sponge roller was 106%. (Manufactured by Co., Ltd.), and image evaluation and durability evaluation were performed.
【0036】比較感光体1は20万枚の耐久後も画像ボ
ケ、地カブリは発生せず、高画質のコピーが得られた。
また、この時の感光体膜厚減少量は1.8μmであっ
た。The comparative photoconductor 1 was free from image blurring and background fog even after running 200,000 sheets, and a high quality copy was obtained.
The amount of decrease in the photoconductor film thickness at this time was 1.8 μm.
【0037】更に、比較感光体1を高湿高温(32.5
℃、90%RH)中にて1万枚の耐久を行ったが画像流
れは全く発生せず、高品位の画像が得られた。Further, the comparative photoconductor 1 was heated at high humidity and high temperature (32.5
Durability of 10,000 sheets was carried out in (° C., 90% RH), but image deletion did not occur at all, and a high-quality image was obtained.
【0038】比較例13 比較
例1における電荷輸送物質に代えて、下記構造式の
電荷輸送物質Comparative ExampleThirteen Comparison
Instead of the charge transport material in Example 1,
Charge transport material
【化9】
を用いた他は、比較例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を
作成し、比較感光体13とし、同様に画像評価、耐久性
評価を行った。耐久10万枚で画像ボケは発生しなかっ
たが、地カブリが発生した。この時の感光体膜厚減少量
は6.0μmであった。[Chemical 9] An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the above was used, and the comparative photosensitive member 13 was subjected to the same image evaluation and durability evaluation. Image blurring did not occur at the durability of 100,000 sheets, but background fog occurred. At this time, the amount of decrease in the photoreceptor film thickness was 6.0 μm.
【0039】比較例2〜6、実施例1〜3
電荷輸送物質と潤滑剤を表4に記載するように組み合わ
せた他は、比較例1と同様にして対応する電子写真感光
体を作成し、比較感光体2〜6、感光体1〜3とし、同
様に画像評価、耐久性評価を行った。結果を表5に示
す。[0039]ComparisonExample 26, Examples 1-3
Combination of charge transport material and lubricant as shown in Table 4.
Other than the above, the same electrophotographic photosensitive material as in Comparative Example 1 was obtained.
Create the body,ComparisonPhotoconductor 26, photoconductors 1-3And the same
Image evaluation and durability evaluation were performed in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 5.
You
【0040】[0040]
【表4】 [Table 4]
【0041】[0041]
【表5】 [Table 5]
【0042】比較例14
比較例13におけるポリ四フッ化エチレン粉体に代え
て、ポリプロピレン粉体を用いた他は、比較例13と同
様にして電子写真感光体を作成し、比較感光体14と
し、同様に画像評価、耐久性評価を行った。耐久9万枚
で画像ボケは発生しなかったが、地カブリが発生し、こ
の時の感光体膜厚減少量は5.6μmであった。Comparative Example14
Comparative exampleThirteenIn place of polytetrafluoroethylene powder in
Comparative example except that polypropylene powder was usedThirteenSame as
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner, and a comparative photoreceptor14When
Then, image evaluation and durability evaluation were performed in the same manner. Durability 90,000 sheets
Image blur did not occur, but background fog occurred and
At that time, the amount of decrease in the photoreceptor film thickness was 5.6 μm.
【0043】比較例15〜16
比較例1においてポリ四フッ化エチレン粉体を用いない
他は、比較例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作成し、
比較感光体15とする。Comparative Examples 15 to 16 Electrophotographic photosensitive members were prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that polytetrafluoroethylene powder was not used in Comparative Example 1.
Let this be a comparative photoconductor 15.
【0044】実施例1においてポリ四フッ化エチレン粉
体を用いない他は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光
体を作成し、比較感光体16とする。[0044] Other using no polytetrafluoroethylene powder in Example 1 creates an electrophotographic photoreceptor in the same manner as in Example 1, and Comparative photosensitive member 16.
【0045】比較感光体15及び16を前記改造した複
写機に装着し、高温高湿(32.5℃、90%RH)中
にて耐久を行ったところ、この感光層には離型性がない
ため表面に付着した紙粉等が取れにくく、いずれも1万
枚程度で画像流れが発生した。When the comparative photoconductors 15 and 16 were mounted on the modified copying machine and subjected to durability in high temperature and high humidity (32.5 ° C., 90% RH), the photosensitive layer showed releasability. Since it was not present, it was difficult to remove the paper dust and the like adhering to the surface, and image deletion occurred in about 10,000 sheets in each case.
【0046】比較
例7〜10、実施例4〜5
電荷輸送物質と潤滑剤を表6に記載するように組み合わ
せた他は、比較例1と同様にして対応する電子写真感光
体を作成し、比較感光体7〜10、感光体4〜5とし、
同様に画像評価、耐久性評価を行った。結果を表7に示
す。[0046]Comparison
An example7~10, Examples 4-5
Combination of charge transport material and lubricant as shown in Table 6
Other than the above, the same electrophotographic photosensitive material as in Comparative Example 1 was obtained.
Create the body,ComparisonPhotoconductor7~10, photoconductors 4-5age,
Similarly, image evaluation and durability evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 7.
You
【表6】 [Table 6]
【表7】 [Table 7]
【0047】比較例17
比較例7における電荷輸送物質に代えて下記構造式の電
荷輸送物質Comparative Example 17 Instead of the charge transport material in Comparative Example 7, a charge transport material having the following structural formula
【化10】
を用いた他は、比較例7と同様にして電子写真感光体を
作成し、比較感光体17とし、同様に画像評価、耐久性
評価を行った。耐久9万枚で画像ボケは発生しなかった
が、地カブリが発生した。この時の感光体膜厚減少量は
4.8μmであった。また、前記改造した複写機に装着
し、高温高湿(32.5℃、90%RH)中にて耐久を
行った。耐久2千枚程度から地カブリと画像流れが発生
した。[Chemical 10] An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 7 except that the above was used, and the comparative photosensitive member 17 was subjected to the same image evaluation and durability evaluation. Image blur did not occur at the durability of 90,000 sheets, but background fog occurred. At this time, the reduction amount of the photoconductor film thickness was 4.8 μm. Further, it was mounted on the modified copying machine and was subjected to durability in high temperature and high humidity (32.5 ° C., 90% RH). Background fogging and image deletion occurred at a durability of about 2,000 sheets.
【0048】比較例11
実施例1で用いたジスアゾ顔料10部、ビスフェノール
A型ポリカーボネート(重量平均分子量20000、三
菱瓦斯化学(株)製)10部及びジクロルメタン50
部、テトラヒドロフラン50部を1φガラスビーズを用
いたサンドミルで20時間分散した。[0048]ComparisonAn example11
10 parts of the disazo pigment used in Example 1, bisphenol
A type polycarbonate (weight average molecular weight 20,000, three
10 parts by Ryora Gas Chemical Co., Ltd. and 50 by dichloromethane
Parts, 50 parts of tetrahydrofuran for 1φ glass beads
It was dispersed for 20 hours with a sand mill.
【0049】次に、前記ポリカーボネート樹脂20部と
実施例4で用いた電荷輸送物質20部をジクロルメタン
50部とテトラヒドロフラン50部の混合溶媒中に溶解
し、これにポリ四フッ化エチレン粉体6部を加え、ステ
ンレスボールミルで50時間分散した。この分散液を前
記ジスアゾ顔料分散液中に入れ、感光層用塗布液を調製
した。この塗布液を実施例1と同様にして下引き層まで
を形成したアルミニウムシリンダー上に塗布し、100
℃で60分間乾燥させ、膜厚20μmの感光層を形成
し、比較感光体11とし、同様に画像評価と耐久性評価
を行ったが、18万枚の耐久後も地カブリや画像ボケは
発生せず、高画質のコピーが得られた。Next, 20 parts of the polycarbonate resin and 20 parts of the charge transport material used in Example 4 were dissolved in a mixed solvent of 50 parts of dichloromethane and 50 parts of tetrahydrofuran, and 6 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene powder was added thereto. Was added and dispersed by a stainless ball mill for 50 hours. This dispersion was put into the disazo pigment dispersion to prepare a photosensitive layer coating solution. This coating solution was coated on an aluminum cylinder on which an undercoat layer had been formed in the same manner as in Example 1, and 100
The film was dried at 60 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a photosensitive layer having a film thickness of 20 μm, which was used as a comparative photoconductor 11. The image evaluation and the durability evaluation were performed in the same manner. No, a high quality copy was obtained.
【0050】比較例12 比較
例1において、潤滑剤としてポリ四フッ化エチレン
粉体に代えて、フッ化カーボン(ダイキン工業(株)
製)を用いた他は、比較例1と同様にして電子写真感光
体を作成し、比較感光体12とする。[0050]ComparisonAn example12 Comparison
In Example 1, polytetrafluoroethylene as the lubricant
Instead of powder, carbon fluoride (Daikin Industries, Ltd.)
Electrophotographic sensitization in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that
A body is prepared and used as a comparative photoconductor 12.
【0051】比較例18
比較例1において、潤滑剤としてポリ四フッ化エチレン
粉体に代えて、シリコーン樹脂粉体(商品名XC−99
−501、東芝シリコーン(株)製)を用いた他は、比
較例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作成し、比較感光
体18とする。Comparative example18
In Comparative Example 1, as a lubricant, polytetrafluoroethylene
Instead of powder, silicone resin powder (trade name XC-99
-501, manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.ratio
ComparisonAn electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and a comparative photosensitive
body18And
【0052】比較感光体12及び比較感光体18につい
て同様に画像評価と耐久性評価を行った。比較感光体1
2は、20万枚の耐久後も地カブリや画像ボケは発生せ
ず、高画質のコピーが得られた。この時の感光体膜厚減
少量は2.3μmであった。一方、比較感光体18は、
6千枚の耐久で画像ボケが発生した。この時の感光体膜
厚減少量は0.5μm以下(検出限界)であった。ま
た、比較感光体12を前記改造した複写機に装着し、高
温高湿(32.5℃、90%RH)中にて1万枚の耐久
を行ったが画像流れや地カブリは全く発生せず高品位の
画像が得られた。[0052] was performed similarly to image evaluation and a durability evaluation Comparative photoreceptor 12 and comparative photosensitive member 18. Comparative photoconductor 1
In No. 2 , no background fog or image blurring occurred even after running 200,000 sheets, and a high-quality copy was obtained. At this time, the amount of decrease in the photoconductor film thickness was 2.3 μm. On the other hand, the comparative photoconductor 18
Image blur occurred at the endurance of 6,000 sheets. At this time, the amount of decrease in the photoreceptor film thickness was 0.5 μm or less (detection limit). Further, the comparative photoconductor 12 was mounted on the modified copying machine, and was subjected to durability of 10,000 sheets in high temperature and high humidity (32.5 ° C., 90% RH), but no image deletion or background fog occurred. A high-quality image was obtained.
【0053】[0053]
【発明の効果】本発明の電子写真感光体は、感光体の表
面層に潤滑剤と特定の電荷輸送物質を添加することによ
って、表面の摩耗や傷等による機械的耐久性向上とクリ
−ニング性良好でトナ−付着のない、また、画像ボケ、
地カブリのない高品位の画像を継続的に形成し得るとい
う顕著な効果を奏する。In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, by adding a lubricant and a specific charge-transporting substance to the surface layer of the photoreceptor, mechanical durability is improved and cleaning is performed due to abrasion and scratches on the surface. Good toughness, no toner adhesion, image blurring,
The remarkable effect is that a high-quality image without background fog can be continuously formed.
【図1】本発明の電子写真感光体を備えた電子写真装置
の概略構成例を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration example of an electrophotographic apparatus including an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
1 本発明の電子写真感光体 1a 軸 2 帯電手段 3 露光部 4 現像手段 5 転写手段 6 クリ−ニング手段 7 前露光手段 8 像定着手段 L 光像露光 P 像転写を受けた転写材 1 Electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention 1a axis 2 charging means 3 exposure section 4 developing means 5 Transfer means 6 Cleaning means 7 Pre-exposure means 8 Image fixing means L light image exposure Transfer material that received P image transfer
フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平6−273948(JP,A) 特開 平5−134430(JP,A) 特開 平5−88388(JP,A) 特開 平4−284459(JP,A) 特開 平8−106167(JP,A) 特開 平8−6266(JP,A) 特開 平7−64307(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7,DB名) G03G 5/00 - 5/16 Continuation of front page (56) Reference JP-A-6-273948 (JP, A) JP-A-5-134430 (JP, A) JP-A-5-88388 (JP, A) JP-A-4-284459 (JP , A) JP-A-8-106167 (JP, A) JP-A-8-6266 (JP, A) JP-A-7-64307 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. 7 , DB) Name) G03G 5/00-5/16
Claims (7)
真感光体において、該感光層の表面層に潤滑剤を含有
し、かつ、下記一般式(1)で示される化合物及び下記
一般式(2)で示される化合物を含有することを特徴と
する電子写真感光体。 一般式(1) 【化1】 (式中、R1はジ低級アルキルアミノ基を示し、R2は
水素原子またはジ低級アルキルアミノ基を示す。) 一般式(2) 【化2】 (式中、R1及びR2は水素原子、アルキル基、アルコ
キシ基を示し、R3はアルキル基、アルコキシ基または
ベンジル基を示し、R4は水素原子、アルキル基または
アルコキシ基を示し、R5はアルキル基、置換基を有し
てもよいアリ−ル基またはベンジル基を示す。)1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the surface layer of the photosensitive layer contains a lubricant, and the compound represented by the following general formula (1) and the following general formula: An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the compound represented by (2). General formula (1) (In the formula, R 1 represents a di-lower alkylamino group, and R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a di-lower alkylamino group.) General formula (2) (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, R 3 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a benzyl group, R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, R 4 5 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group which may have a substituent or a benzyl group.)
チレン及びポリプロピレンからなる群から選ばれる請求
項1に記載の電子写真感光体。2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of fluororesin powder, polyethylene and polypropylene.
ている感光層の重量分率で1〜50重量%である請求項
1または2に記載の電子写真感光体。3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the content of the lubricant is 1 to 50% by weight based on the weight fraction of the photosensitive layer containing the lubricant.
記構造式(1)で示される化合物であり、前記一般式
(2)で示される化合物が下記構造式(2)で示される
化合物である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電子写真
感光体。 構造式(1) 【化3】 構造式(2) 【化4】 4. A compound represented by the general formula (1) is a compound represented by the following structural formula (1), a compound wherein the compound represented by the general formula (2) is represented by the following structural formula (2) The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Structural formula (1) Structural formula (2)
積層構造を有する請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電子
写真感光体。5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive layer has a laminated structure of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer.
真感光体を備えたことを特徴とする電子写真装置6. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1.
真感光体、及び、帯電手段、現像手段及びクリーニング
手段からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを一体に結
合して構成し、電子写真装置本体に対して着脱自在であ
ることを特徴とする装置ユニット。7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, and at least one selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit and a cleaning unit, which are integrally combined to form an electron. A device unit that is removable from the main body of the photographic device.
Priority Applications (1)
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JP32119794A JP3365456B2 (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1994-12-01 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic apparatus and apparatus unit equipped with the electrophotographic photoreceptor |
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JP32119794A JP3365456B2 (en) | 1994-12-01 | 1994-12-01 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic apparatus and apparatus unit equipped with the electrophotographic photoreceptor |
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JP3365456B2 true JP3365456B2 (en) | 2003-01-14 |
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JP4249681B2 (en) | 2004-09-06 | 2009-04-02 | 株式会社リコー | Image forming apparatus and process cartridge |
JP5549870B2 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2014-07-16 | 株式会社リコー | Image forming apparatus |
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