JP3364149B2 - How to measure the overall characteristics of an amplifier - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for measuring general characteristics of an amplifier used for microwaves and millimeter waves.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing an amplifier in which N unit amplifiers are cascade-connected. The overall characteristics of the entire illustrated amplifier are obtained according to the following algorithm. now,
P _in (1) is the input power of the first stage unit amplifier, P
_out (N) is the output power of the final stage unit amplifier, P
_in (k) is the input power of the k-th unit amplifier, P
_out (k) is the output power of the k-th unit amplifier, I _d (k)
Is the drain current of the kth unit amplifier, and V _d (k) is k
The drain voltage of the th unit amplifier, where the output power P of the input power P _in (k) of the kth amplifier is
_out (k), drain current I _d (k), drain voltage V _d
(K) shows so-called input / output characteristics.

In the calculation of the overall characteristics of the amplifier, first, the input power P _in (1) of the first stage is determined, and the output power P _out (1) and the drain current I are determined from the input / output characteristics of the unit amplifier of the first stage.
_d (1) and drain voltage V _d (1) are obtained. Next, using the output power P _out (1) as P _in (2), similarly, P _out (2), I from the input / output characteristics of the second unit amplifier
_{This is performed by obtaining d} (2) and V _d (2), and finally obtaining the output power P _out (N) of the final stage unit amplifier. Here, assuming that the unit of power is W, the unit of current is A, and the unit of voltage is V, the gain G [dB] of the entire amplifier in which N unit amplifiers are cascaded, the output power P _out [W], and the drain are drained. The efficiency η _d [%] is given by the following equations (1) to (3).

[0004]

[Equation 1]

FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing an amplifier in which N unit amplifiers are connected in parallel. The overall characteristics of the entire illustrated amplifier are obtained according to the following algorithm.
Now, 1 to N are unit amplifiers, and the calculation is performed assuming that unit amplifiers having the same characteristics are connected in parallel. P _in is the input power of the entire amplifier, and P _out is the output power of the entire amplifier. P _in (k) is the input power of the k th unit amplifier, P _{ou t} (k) is the output power of the k th unit amplifiers, I _d (k) is the drain current of the k-th unit amplifier,
V _d (k) is the drain voltage of the kth unit amplifier.

When unit amplifiers having the same characteristics as the input / output characteristics of the kth unit amplifier shown in FIG. 22 are connected in parallel, the input power to the kth unit amplifier becomes P _in / N, and P _in (k ) = P _in / N. Next, from the input / output characteristics of the k-th unit amplifier, P _in (P _in (k) = P _in / N)
_Out (k), I _d (k), and V _d (k) are calculated. If unit amplifiers having the same characteristics are connected in parallel, P _out = N · P
_out (k), and output power is obtained. When the unit of power is W, the unit of current is A, and the unit of voltage is V, the gain G [d of the entire amplifier in which N unit amplifiers are connected in parallel is given.
B], output power P _out [W], and drain efficiency η _d [%] are given by the following equations (4) to (6). The drain efficiency η _d indicates the ability to convert the power applied from the outside into the output power.

[0007]

[Equation 2]

[0008]

By the way, in the algorithm for obtaining the overall characteristic in the amplifier shown in FIG. 21, the load connected to the input / output of each unit amplifier is 50.
Assuming Ω, a simple calculation is performed with the output power of the unit amplifier in the preceding stage as the input power of the unit amplifier in the subsequent stage. However, the load connected to the input / output of the unit amplifier is actually 5
Instead of 0Ω, the input side becomes the output impedance of the entire front-stage amplifier, and the output side becomes the input impedance of the whole rear-stage amplifier. Normally, the input / output characteristics of the amplifier change according to the load connected to the input / output, so that the algorithm described above has a problem that the calculation accuracy deteriorates.

Further, since the S parameter of the amplifier generally changes according to the input power, the value of the input / output load impedance connected to each unit amplifier changes depending on the input power. In the algorithm described above, the load connected to the input and output of each unit amplifier is assumed to be 50Ω, which does not depend on the input power, so that there is a problem that the calculation accuracy deteriorates. Further, also in the calculation of the stability factor of the four-terminal circuit defined between any two terminals, there is a problem that the accuracy is deteriorated by the algorithm that does not use the S parameter depending on the input power.

In addition to the unit amplifiers, a matching circuit, a bias circuit, etc. are usually connected to the amplifiers in which the unit amplifiers are cascaded or connected in parallel in multiple stages. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the load impedance connected to the input / output of each unit amplifier including the matching circuit and the bias circuit, calculate the input / output characteristic from the load pull data, and calculate the overall characteristic of the entire amplifier. The algorithm for obtaining the overall characteristic in the amplifier shown in FIG. 21 does not take into consideration the influence of the matching circuit and the bias circuit described above, and thus there is a problem that the calculation accuracy deteriorates.

Further, in the algorithm for obtaining the overall characteristic in the amplifier shown in FIG. 21, since a continuous wave having a single frequency is assumed as an input signal, frequencies used in mobile communication and satellite communication are adjacent to each other. Wave signal, π
There is a problem in that it is not possible to calculate the distortion characteristics that occur when amplifying a / 4 shift QPSK modulated wave and a multicarrier signal that is regarded as noise. There is also a problem that the total characteristics of the amplifier depending on the frequency cannot be calculated.

Further, in the calculation algorithm shown in FIG. 21, when the frequency conversion circuit or the modulation circuit is connected in the preceding stage of the amplifier, it is not possible to calculate the total characteristic of the entire amplifier including the frequency conversion circuit or the modulation circuit. There's a problem.

On the other hand, in the algorithm for obtaining the overall characteristic in the amplifier shown in FIG. 22, it is assumed that N unit amplifiers having the same characteristic are connected in parallel, the input power to each unit amplifier is 1 / N, Output power will be N times higher. However, in reality, distribution loss and combined loss occur in proportion to the number N of distributed and combined,
There is a problem that the calculation accuracy deteriorates.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional example, and considers the influence of the input / output load on the overall characteristics of the entire amplifier in which unit amplifiers are cascaded or connected in parallel. The purpose of the present invention is to obtain a method for measuring the overall characteristics of an amplifier, which enables accurate measurement with high accuracy. In addition, the total characteristics can be obtained including the matching circuit, the frequency conversion circuit, and the modulation circuit.
It is an object of the present invention to obtain an overall characteristic measuring method of an amplifier capable of measuring a distortion characteristic generated when a multi-carrier signal which is regarded as a noise, a π / 4 shift QPSK modulated wave and a noise is measured.

[0015]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to the present invention is an amplifier overall characteristic measuring method for measuring the overall characteristic of an entire amplifier in which unit amplifiers are cascaded or connected in parallel. Using the load pull data and S-parameters of the unit amplifier, the gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, stability coefficient, and S-parameter of the entire amplifier are taken into consideration, taking into account the load connected to the input and output of the unit amplifier of each stage. It is characterized in that the total characteristic of is obtained.

Further, two wave signals whose frequencies are adjacent to each other, π /
It is characterized in that a 4-shift QPSK modulated wave, intermodulation distortion that occurs when a multicarrier signal that is regarded as noise is amplified, adjacent channel leakage power, and distortion characteristics of Noise Power Ratio are obtained.

Further, the matching circuit is defined by lumped constant elements and distributed constant elements or S-parameters, and the overall characteristic of the entire amplifier in which the matching circuit is connected to the input and output of the unit amplifier of each stage is obtained. is there.

Further, it is characterized in that the total characteristics of the gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, stability coefficient, S parameter, and distortion characteristic of the entire amplifier are obtained while changing the values of the elements constituting the matching circuit. Is.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the reflection coefficient on the power source side or the load side is obtained depending on the input power from an arbitrary terminal to which the unit amplifier or the matching circuit element is connected.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that a stability coefficient of a four-terminal circuit defined between arbitrary terminals connecting unit amplifiers or matching circuit elements is obtained depending on input power.

Further, N unit amplifiers at each stage (N is a positive real number) are combined in parallel, and the gain and the output deterioration amount according to the combined number N are defined.

Further, it is characterized in that the input / output characteristics for an arbitrary load connected to the input / output of the unit amplifier of each stage are obtained from the input / output characteristics at the loads of three adjacent points by three-point interpolation by weighting the distance. To do.

Further, the load pull data of the unit amplifier of each stage is output for each reflection coefficient of the load connected to the input / output of the unit amplifier, the output power with respect to the input power, the power consumption, the gain, the power addition efficiency, the drain efficiency, It is characterized in that it is expressed in the format of the amount of phase change, the drain current, and the drain voltage to form one data file.

The S-parameters of the unit amplifiers in each stage are given in a small signal S-parameter format expressed by a change of the S-parameters with respect to the frequency and a large-signal S-parameter format expressed by a change of the S-parameters with respect to the input power for each frequency. It is characterized by that.

Further, the unit amplifier, the matching circuit, the S parameter of the entire amplifier, the load pull data, and the reflection coefficient are displayed on the Smith chart, a certain area of the Smith chart is selected, and the area is enlarged or reduced. It is a feature.

Further, the overall characteristics of the gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, stability coefficient, S parameter, intermodulation distortion, adjacent channel leakage power, and Noise Power Ratio of the entire amplifier are obtained by using the frequency as a parameter. It is a thing.

Further, a frequency conversion circuit or a modulation circuit is connected in front of the amplifier, and the gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, stability coefficient, S parameter, and intermodulation distortion of the entire amplifier including the frequency conversion circuit or the modulation circuit. It is characterized in that the total characteristics of adjacent channel leakage power and Noise Power Ratio are obtained.

Further, the unit amplifier is an FET,
Using the FET load pull data and S-parameters,
It is characterized in that the gain, output, efficiency, stability coefficient, S parameter, and distortion characteristic of the entire amplifier are obtained.

[0029]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is for explaining an overall characteristic measuring method of an amplifier according to the first embodiment, and shows a configuration diagram (a) of an amplifier in which two unit amplifiers are connected in cascade and a table (b) used for the explanation. Shows. Figure 1
1A, 1 is an input terminal, 2 is an output terminal, 3 is a driver stage amplifier, and 4 is a power stage amplifier. In addition,
In the first embodiment, the case where the unit amplifier has two stages is described, but the case where the unit amplifier has multiple stages is also applicable.

As shown in the figure, the calculation of gain, output, efficiency and phase change amount of a two-stage amplifier in which two unit amplifiers (driver stage amplifier and power stage amplifier) are simply cascaded will be described. The reflection coefficient from the driver stage amplifier 3 as viewed from the power supply side is Γ _i (1), and the reflection coefficient from the load side is Γ _o
(1) In addition, the reflection coefficient viewed from the power stage amplifier 4 on the power supply side is Γ _i (2), and the reflection coefficient viewed from the load side is Γ _o (2). Driver stage amplifier 3 and power stage amplifier 4 required for calculation of gain, output, efficiency, and amount of phase change of two-stage amplifier
Gains G (1), G (2), power consumption P _dc (1), P _dc
(1), input power P _in (1), P _in (2), output power P
_out (1), P _out (2), phase change amount φ (1), φ
(2) is obtained from the load pull data and is expressed by the symbols and units shown in (b) of FIG.

The basics for calculating the gain, output, efficiency and phase change amount of the two-stage amplifier are as follows. First, the input / output power of the driver stage 3 and the power stage amplifier 4 and the reflection coefficient of the input / output load are calculated, and then the Then, gain, efficiency, and phase change amount are calculated. Two
A flow chart for calculating the output power of the stage amplifier is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, first, a two-stage amplifier (SSP)
The input power P _in of A) is set (step S1). The input power P _in is limited to the range in which the load pull data of the driver stage amplifier 3 exists. The input power P _in (1) of the driver stage amplifier 3 is P _in because the input circuit is not connected.
(1) = P _in (step S2).

Next, the reflection coefficient of the input / output load is calculated in order to consider the influence of the input / output load connected to the driver stage amplifier 3. Since the input side is 50Ω, Γ _i (1) =
It is 0. Since the power stage amplifier 4 is connected to the output side, Γ _o (1) = S ₁₁ (2). Since S ₁₁ (2) changes depending on the level of the input power P _in (2) of the power stage amplifier 4, a linear operation is assumed as the initial value P _in (2) ′, and P _in (2 ) ′ = − 100 dBm (steps S3 and S4).

Input power P _in of driver stage amplifier 3 (1)
Since the input and output loads (Γ _i (1), Γ _o (1)) are determined, the input / output characteristic data (P
_Out (1), P _dc (1), G (1), φ (1)) are read. In FIG. 2, f1 means reading from load pull data. Input power P of power stage amplifier 4
_{Since in} (2) is not connected between the driver stage amplifier 3 and the power stage amplifier 4, P _in (2) = P
It becomes _out (1). Here, a comparison is made with the initial value P _in (2) ′, and if P _in (2) and P _in (2) ′ are different, the calculation returns to the input / output load of the driver stage amplifier 3,
The calculation is repeated until P _in (2) = P _in (2) ′ is obtained (steps S5 to S7).

Next, the reflection coefficient of the input / output load is calculated in order to consider the influence of the input / output load connected to the power stage amplifier 4. Since the driver stage amplifier 3 is connected to the input side, Γ _i (2) = S ₂₂ (1). Output side is 50
Ω, so Γ _o (2) = 0 (step S
8). Since the input power P _in (2) and the input / output load (Γ _i (2), Γ _o (2)) of the power stage amplifier 4 are determined, the input / output characteristic data (P _out (2),
_Read P _dc (2), G (2), φ (2)). In FIG. 2, f (2) means reading from load pull data. The output power P _out of the two-stage amplifier is P _out = P because the output circuit is not connected to the power stage amplifier 4.
_out (2) (steps S9 and S10).

From the above results, the gain G, the output P _out , the power added efficiency η _add , the drain efficiency η _d , and the phase change φ of the two-stage amplifier are calculated by the following equations (7) to (12). .
Note that P _dc (1) is the power consumption of the driver stage amplifier 3, P
_dc (2) is the power consumption of the power stage amplifier 4, and
The power added efficiency η _add indicates the ability to convert the power added from the outside into the output power when the power added from the input is subtracted from the output power, and the input power is small when the gain of the amplifier is large. And becomes almost the same as the drain efficiency η _d .

[0036]

[Equation 3]

Here, the load pull data is the input load Γ _i , the output load Γ _o , the output power P _out depending on the input power P _in , the power consumption P _dc , the gain G, the power added efficiency η _add ,
The drain efficiency η _d , the amount of phase change (φ, Phase), the drain current I _d , and the drain voltage V _d . Of the above parameters, what is actually measured is the output power P _out , the amount of phase change (φ, Phase), the drain current I _d , and the drain voltage V _d , and the power consumption P _dc , the gain G, and the power added efficiency η. _{The add} and drain efficiency η _d are calculated from the measurement results. The format of the load pull data first indicates the total number of input loads n × output loads m, followed by the input side reflection coefficient Γ _i , the output side reflection coefficient Γ _o , and the input power P _in number. Indicates
After that, output power P _{out with} respect to input power P _in , power consumption P _dc , gain G, power added efficiency η _add , drain efficiency η _d , phase change amount (φ, Phase), drain current I _d , drain voltage V _d. The data is described in this order.

A method of measuring load pull data is shown in FIG. As for the load pull data, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, the change range of the tuner is first set on the input side and the output side of the unit amplifier shown in FIG. For the impedance at the input n point and the output m point in the range, that is, for the n × m sets of impedances, FIG.
The input / output characteristics shown in (d) are measured and stored as data.

As the S parameter of the unit amplifier, the S parameter at the time of large signal operation is basically used. Further, the stability factor (K-factor) is calculated by using the S parameter for an arbitrary 4-terminal circuit forming the amplifier. Since the S parameter used to calculate the stability coefficient is a large signal S parameter, the stability coefficient is calculated in a form depending on the input power. If the S-parameters of the 4-terminal circuit defined between any two terminals are S11, S12, S21, S22, the stability coefficient K is given by the following equation.

[0040]

[Equation 4]

Therefore, according to the method for measuring the overall characteristic of the amplifier according to the first embodiment, the overall characteristic of the entire amplifier in which the unit amplifiers are cascaded in multiple stages is used to calculate the load pull data and the S parameter of the unit amplifier of each stage. Since the load connected to the input and output of the unit amplifier of each stage is taken into consideration, the overall characteristics of the gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, stability coefficient, and S parameter of the entire amplifier can be accurately measured. can do.

Embodiment 2. Next, FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment.
2 shows the characteristics of the amplifier for explaining the method for measuring the overall characteristics of the amplifier according to the above. Note that this characteristic diagram is shown in the first embodiment shown in FIG.
Shows the characteristics related to. In the second embodiment, two-wave signals whose frequencies are adjacent to each other, a π / 4 shift QPSK modulated wave, an intermodulation distortion that occurs when a multicarrier signal that is regarded as noise is amplified, adjacent channel leakage power, and Noise.
Power Ratio (NPR) is obtained, and these are calculated from the input / output characteristics of a single carrier by using Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform.

First, the voltage of the input signal applied to the amplifier is represented by V _i (t) and expressed by the equation (13). Note that, f _o is the frequency, [rho is the complex amplitude of the input signal.

[0044]

[Equation 5]

Now, as an input signal to the amplifier, a CW signal of two waves having a narrow frequency interval is used in the analysis of intermodulation distortion, a signal whose phase is discretely modulated in the analysis of adjacent channel leakage power, and a signal in the NPR analysis. A signal whose real part and imaginary part change randomly according to a Gaussian distribution is used. Observing the waveforms of these input signals on the time axis, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), they are beat-depressing signals at a period that is considerably slower than the carrier period. The input signal changes from point a (minimum value) to point c (maximum value) around point b.

The output signal changes according to the input / output characteristics shown in FIG. The input / output amplitude characteristic expressing the input / output transfer characteristic is represented by A (| ρ |), and the input / output phase characteristic is represented by θ (| ρ |). In FIG. 4B, the input signal changes from the point a to the point c, while the output signal has an input / output amplitude characteristic A (|
ρ |) and the input / output phase characteristic θ (| ρ |), and the voltage V _o (t) of the output signal is given by equation (14).

[0047]

[Equation 6]

Since the modulated wave and the multi-carrier have a certain exclusive bandwidth, the input / output amplitude characteristic A (| ρ |) within that band.
When the frequency dependence of the input / output phase characteristic θ (| ρ |) is small, the output signal can be calculated by the equation (14). When the frequency dependency is large, the input / output amplitude characteristic A (| ρ |) and the input / output phase characteristic θ (| ρ |) need to have frequency dependency. The amplitude of the output signal is distorted by ΔP and the phase is distorted by ΔΦ with respect to the change from the point a to the point c of the input signal. This distortion deteriorates the linearity of the amplifier, resulting in a broader spectrum of the output signal.

Therefore, in order to obtain excellent linearity, it is necessary to reduce amplitude distortion and phase distortion in a wide range of input power. Here, ΔP is amplitude distortion (AM-A
M conversion) and ΔΦ are called phase distortion (AM-PM conversion), and are represented by the amount of change in amplitude and phase during nonlinear operation from that during linear operation.

A calculation flowchart is shown in FIG. First, the input signal is defined (step S11). In this calculation, the characteristic of the active element (amplifier) is given in a form depending on the frequency, but the actual calculation is basically performed on the time axis, and the input signal defined on the time axis is defined as g (m) (step S1).
2 → S15). Therefore, when the input signal is given on the frequency axis, it is converted into a signal on the time axis by inverse Fourier transform (steps S13 to S15).

The input signal on the frequency axis is G (n) (n =
0, 1, 2, 3, ..., N-1), and the input signal G (n) is a complex number that gives the amplitude and phase of the signal. The accuracy increases as the number of samples N increases.
Input signal g (m) on the time axis (m = 0, 1, 2,
, ..., N-1) can be obtained by performing an inverse Fourier transform on G (n). That is, it is given by the equation (15).

The output signal g '(m) on the time axis amplified by the amplifier is given by the equation (16) by using the equations (13) and (14) (step S1).
6, S17). Finally, the output signal (output spectrum) G ′ (n) on the frequency axis is obtained by Fourier transforming the equation (16) (steps S18 and S19).
That is, the equation (17) is obtained.

[0053]

[Equation 7]

Here, the intermodulation distortion, the adjacent channel leakage power, and the NPR are obtained as follows. a. Intermodulation Distortion Intermodulation distortion (IM) is a parameter due to the spread of the spectrum that occurs when two signals with narrow frequency intervals are amplified. P is the output power at frequency f _1.
f1 [dBm], the output power at frequency 2f ₁ -f ₂ P
_2f1-f2 [dBm], the output power at a frequency 3f ₁ -f ₂ P
_3f1-f2 [dBm], the intermodulation distortion IM ₃ [dB
c] and IM ₅ [dBc] are respectively given by IM ₃ = P _f1 −P _2f1-f2 IM ₅ = P _f1 −P _3f1-2f2 . The intermodulation distortions IM ₃ and IM ₅ are f ₂ ,
The same calculation can be performed for 2f ₂ −f ₁ and 3f ₂ −2f ₁ ,
The values of IM ₃ and IM ₅ are compared, and the worse value is used as the value of intermodulation distortion IM ₃ and IM ₅ .

B. Adjacent channel leakage power Adjacent channel leakage power (ACP) is π / 4 shift QPS
This is a parameter for evaluating signal leakage outside the band that occurs when a modulated wave signal such as K is amplified. The adjacent channel leakage power is the amount of power P _adj that leaks into the adjacent channel.
_Is divided by the _total power amount P _total .
The overall signal, it is assumed that there are signals of 0 to (N-1) corresponding to the frequency, n ₂ th signal from the _first n of them are in the adjacent channels. The output of the nth signal is | G
_n | When that, adjacent channel power (ACP) is given by the following equation.

[0056]

[Equation 8]

C. NPR NPR (Noise Power Ratio) is a parameter for evaluating a power leaking into a notch when a narrow notch is created in a noise signal that is regarded as a multicarrier and the signal is amplified. The signal bandwidth is B (= n _e −n _s ), the notch width is W (= n ₂ −n ₁ ), and signals 0 to (N−1) correspond to frequencies. Ratio of the average power of the signal of the entire multi-carrier and the average power of the signal leaking into the notch (dB
NPR is defined as (difference in display). Output signal is G
Assuming (n), NPR is given by the following equation.

[0058]

[Equation 9]

Therefore, according to the method for measuring the overall characteristic of the amplifier according to the second embodiment, the distortion characteristic of the entire amplifier in which the unit amplifiers are cascade-connected in multiple stages and the distortion characteristics of each stage are used as the result of the first embodiment. Can be measured accurately.

Embodiment 3. FIG. 6 is for explaining the overall characteristic measuring method of the amplifier according to the third embodiment, and is a configuration of a two-stage amplifier composed of a driver stage amplifier and a power stage amplifier to which an input / output / interstage circuit is connected. Figure (a)
The table (b) used for the explanation is shown. In FIG.
The same parts as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. As new symbols, 5 is an input circuit, 6 is an interstage circuit, and 7 is an output circuit.

The calculation of the gain, output, efficiency and phase change amount of the two-stage amplifier composed of the driver stage amplifier and the power stage amplifier to which the input / output / interstage circuit is connected will be described below. The basic calculation of the gain, output, efficiency, and phase change amount of the two-stage amplifier is the same as when the input / output / interstage circuit is not connected, but the following two points are different. (1) Calculation of reflection coefficient of input / output load connected to driver stage and power stage amplifier (2) Calculation of input / output power of driver stage and power stage amplifier

Now, the input circuit 5, the interstage circuit 6, and the output circuit 7
S parameters of S _ij (A), S _ij (B), S
_ij (C) and F parameters are F (A), F (B), F
(C). Further, the F parameters of the driver stage amplifier 3 and the power stage amplifier 4 are F (1) and F (2). The reflection coefficient Γ _i (1) of the input load connected to the driver stage amplifier 3 is given by the expression (18) because the input circuit 5 is connected to the input side. On the output side, an interstage circuit 6, a power stage amplifier 4, and an output circuit 7 are connected, and the F parameter of a circuit in which these circuits are cascade-connected is F (B, 2,
C), the equation (19) is obtained. When the equation (19) is converted into the S parameter (S _ij (B, 2, C)), the reflection coefficient Γ _o (1) of the output load connected to the driver stage amplifier 3 is obtained. )
Is given by equation (20).

[0063]

[Equation 10]

On the other hand, since the input circuit 5, the driver stage amplifier 3, and the interstage circuit 6 are connected to the input side of the power stage amplifier 4, the F parameter of the circuit in which these circuits are cascaded is F (A 1, B), the equation (21) is obtained, and the equation (21) is _converted into the S parameter (S _ij (A, 1, B)).
Then, the reflection coefficient Γ _i (2) of the input load connected to the power stage amplifier 4 is given by the equation (22). Reflection coefficient Γ of output load connected to power stage amplifier 4
₀ (2) is given by the equation (23) because the output circuit 7 is connected to the output side.

[0065]

[Equation 11]

In the case of a two-stage amplifier composed of a driver stage amplifier 3 and a power stage amplifier 4 to which an input / output / interstage circuit is not connected, as shown in FIG. 1, P _in (1) = P
_in , P _in (2) = P _out (1) and P _out = P _out (2). However, when the input / output / interstage circuit is connected, it is necessary to consider the influence of reflection due to the connection of the matching circuit. A load having a reflection coefficient of Γ _S is connected to the input side of the matching circuit, and a load having a reflection coefficient of Γ _L is connected to the output side. The input power to the matching circuit is P _i and the output power from the matching circuit is _Let P _o . If the S parameters of the matching circuit are S ₁₁ , S ₁₂ , S ₂₁ , and S ₂₂ , the output power P _o
Is expressed by the following equation (24) using the input power P _i . Here, the input power P _i and the output power P _o are displayed in [W].

[0067]

[Equation 12]

The output power P _o of the input circuit 5, the interstage circuit 6, and the output circuit 7 is P _i , S _ij , Γ _S , Γ _L in the equation (24).
It can be calculated by using the values shown in the table of FIG. Further, the loss L _oss (A), L due to reflection in the input circuit 5, the inter-stage circuit 6, and the output circuit 7
_oss (B) and L _oss (C) [dB] are given by Expression (25).

[0069]

[Equation 13]

FIG. 7 shows an example of the matching circuit. In the third embodiment, there are two ways of defining the matching circuit. One is a schematic input (circuit diagram input) shown in FIG. The other one is the netlist input shown in FIG. The schematic input represents the circuit elements in a symbol diagram and connects them to form a matching circuit. For the netlist input, circuit elements are described in text and connected at nodes to form a matching circuit.
In the background of schematic input, a netlist is created.

The netlist is a text, (1) circuit element, (2) node number to be connected, (3) connection method,
(4) The values of the circuit elements are sequentially input, and finally, (5) the definition of the circuit (the number of ports), (6) the node number of the circuit to be defined, and (7) the name of the circuit. The types of circuit elements that can be defined are (a) resistance (res), (b) capacitor (cap), (c) inductor (ind), and (d) distributed constant element (lin).

The distributed constant element is treated as an ideal line. (A) The unit of resistance is Ω, and in the case of 3Ω, R =
Write 3. (B) The unit of the capacitor is pF, and 0.
In the case of 1 pF, write C = 0.1. (C) The unit of the inductor is nH, and in the case of 10 nH, write L = 10. (D) The distributed constant line is expressed by the characteristic impedance and the length. The characteristic impedance is 100Ω and the length is 5 mm.
In the case of, write Z = 100 and l = 5. The unit of impedance is Ω and the unit of length is mm.

The node number to be connected may be ground 0, and the remaining nodes may be numbered freely. The connection method is written as se when the circuit element to be defined is in the series direction and sh when the circuit element is in the shunt direction. Circuit definition is DE for a 2-port circuit
F2P is written as DEF3P for 3 ports and DEF4P for 4 ports. The node number of the circuit to be defined is written in the order of input end and output end. In FIG. 7, 1 is an input end and 4 is an output end.

There are (1) Nodal analysis and (2) four-terminal circuit network analysis as methods for calculating the S parameter of the matching circuit. In the third embodiment, analysis of a complicated circuit including active elements is performed. Because there are few, we decided to use (2) 4-terminal network analysis. The connection of the circuit elements in the four-terminal circuit defined by the schematic or netlist can be expressed by using the connections of the four-terminal circuit shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D. Therefore, the S parameter of the matching circuit first represents the circuit element by the Z, Y, or F parameter, and the Z, Y, or F parameter of the entire circuit is expressed by using the connections shown in (a) to (d) of FIG. Was calculated and finally converted into S-parameters.

Therefore, according to the third embodiment, the matching circuit of the input / output / interstage circuit is defined by the lumped constant element and the distributed constant element or the S parameter, and the matching circuit is provided at the input / output of the unit amplifier of each stage. Since the overall characteristics of the connected amplifiers are obtained, the overall characteristics of the entire amplifier including the matching circuit can be calculated accurately, and its S parameter can be calculated. You can also import.

Fourth Embodiment FIG. 9 is a connection configuration diagram of the amplifier according to the fourth embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, in a two-stage amplifier including a driver stage amplifier and a power stage amplifier to which an input / output / interstage circuit is connected, the interstage circuit is defined by a lumped constant element and a distributed constant element. think of.

That is, in the fourth embodiment, the values of the elements forming the matching circuit (here, the inter-stage circuit 6) are changed, and the S parameter of the matching circuit is calculated, whereby equations (7) to ( 12) and equations (18) to (25), the gain, output, efficiency, and phase change amount of the entire two-stage amplifier can be calculated, and the distortion characteristics can be obtained from equations (13) to (17). .

Therefore, according to the fourth embodiment, the gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, stability coefficient, S parameter, and distortion characteristic of the entire amplifier are calculated while changing the values of the elements constituting the matching circuit. As a result, the actual circuit adjustment can be simulated on a computer.

Embodiment 5. FIG. 10 shows a configuration diagram (a) of the amplifier and a table (b) used for the explanation for explaining the method for measuring the overall characteristic of the amplifier according to the fifth embodiment. In the fifth embodiment, in a two-stage amplifier including a driver stage amplifier to which an input / output / interstage circuit is connected and a power stage amplifier, an arbitrary terminal for connecting a unit amplifier or a matching circuit, in FIG. The reflection coefficient (.GAMMA.i, .GAMMA.o) viewed from the power source side or the load side from the point p can be calculated from FIG. 8 according to the third embodiment depending on the input power.

According to the fifth embodiment, by calculating the matching state at the time of large signal operation at an arbitrary terminal to which the unit amplifier or the matching circuit element is connected, it is possible to check in which part the mismatch occurs. You can

Sixth Embodiment FIG. 11 illustrates the sixth embodiment. In the sixth embodiment, in a two-stage amplifier including a driver stage amplifier 3 and a power stage amplifier 4 to which an input / output / interstage circuit is connected, a stability coefficient ( K
-Factor) is calculated.

Since the S parameter used to calculate the stability coefficient is a large signal S parameter, the stability coefficient is calculated in a form depending on the input power. Input circuit 5, interstage circuit 6, output circuit 7
In FIG. 9, the circuit element alone can be defined by a four-terminal circuit as shown in FIG. When the S parameters of the four-terminal circuit defined between any two terminals are S ₁₁ , S ₁₂ , S ₂₁ , and S ₂₂ , the stability coefficient K is given by the following equation (26).

[0083]

[Equation 14]

Therefore, according to the sixth embodiment,
By calculating the stability factor in the large signal operation of the four-terminal circuit defined between arbitrary terminals connecting the unit amplifier and the matching circuit element, it is possible to investigate in which part the oscillation occurs.

Seventh Embodiment Embodiment 7 is shown in FIG. When the unit amplifier is N-synthesized, the load pull data and the S parameter of the synthesized amplifier are rewritten as follows. The input power of the unit amplifier before combining is P _in , the output power is P _out , the power consumption is P _{d c} , the gain is G, the power load efficiency is η _add , the drain efficiency is η _d , the phase change amount is φ, and the drain is drain. _Let the current be I _d and the drain voltage be V _d . Also, the input power of the combined amplifier is P _in 'and the output power is P _out ',
Power consumption is P _dc ', gain is G', power load efficiency is η _{a dd} ',
The drain efficiency is η _d ′, the phase change amount is φ ′, the drain current is I _d ′, and the drain voltage is V _d ′.

By combining N unit amplifiers, input power P _in ', output power P _out ', power consumption P _dc ', gain G', power load efficiency η _add ', drain efficiency η _d ', phase change amount. φ ′, the drain current I _d ′, and the drain voltage V _d ′ are given by the following equations (28) to (36).

[0087]

[Equation 15]

Input / output reflection coefficients Γ _i and Γ of the unit amplifier
_{Since o} is converted into impedance using the equation (37), the impedance of the N-combined amplifier is given by the equation (38).
Since the expression (38) is converted into the reflection coefficient using the expression (39), the reflection coefficient of the input / output load of the N-combined amplifier can be obtained.

[0089]

[Equation 16]

Although the above description ignores the loss due to the synthesis of the unit amplifiers, actually, even if the number of synthesis is increased, the output does not simply increase and the gain also decreases. In order to deal with this, a table (graph) showing changes in output and gain with respect to the composite number N shown in FIG. 13 is created, and calculation is performed accordingly.

Therefore, according to the seventh embodiment, the gain, the output, and the output when the unit amplifiers are combined with an arbitrary positive real number,
By calculating the efficiency, the amount of phase change, the stability coefficient, the distortion characteristic, etc., it is possible to simulate on the computer the gate width of the FET, which is difficult to realize in an actual circuit. Further, by taking into consideration the deterioration of the gain and the output due to the combination, it is possible to perform the calculation with higher accuracy in accordance with the actual circuit.

Eighth Embodiment Embodiment 8 is shown in FIG. The load pull data is obtained for discrete input / output impedance. The input / output load of the unit amplifier, which is required in the process of calculating the overall characteristics of the multistage amplifier, does not always coincide with the load pull measurement point. In such a case, interpolation is performed from the load pull data obtained by the measurement, and new input / output characteristic data is created.

In the eighth embodiment, three-point interpolation is performed by weighting the distance from the load-pull data of three adjacent points. In FIG. 14, there are eight measurement points, and among them, the reflection coefficient Γ for which interpolation is desired. The load pull measurement points closest to the reflection coefficient Γ are ₂ , ₆ , and _7, and the distances from the reflection coefficient Γ are k ₂ , k ₆ , and k ₇ , respectively. The data to be interpolated is, as shown in FIG.
Since the amount of phase change, drain current, and drain voltage, the respective data at load pull measurement points 2, 6 and 7 are {P
_{out —} 2, φ — 2, I _{d —} 2, V _{d —} 2}, {P _{out —} 6, φ_
6, I _d _6, V _d _6}, {P _out _7, φ_7, I _d _7,
V _d _7}. The output power at the reflection coefficient Γ is P _out , the phase change amount is φ, the drain current is I _d , and the drain voltage is V _d.
Then, equations (40) to (43) are obtained.

[0094]

[Equation 17]

If the reflection coefficient Γ desired to be interpolated is outside the load pull measurement point, the calculation is stopped without interpolating. This is because the calculation has an error. Whether or not the reflection coefficient Γ to be interpolated is outside the load pull measurement point is judged to be inside the load pull measurement point if the reflection coefficient Γ is inside the circle formed by the three adjacent measurement points. , If the reflection coefficient Γ is outside the circle formed by three adjacent measurement points, it is determined to be outside the load pull measurement point.

Therefore, according to the eighth embodiment, the load pull data at an arbitrary load is obtained by interpolation by weighting the distances from the load pull data of three adjacent points, thereby reducing the number of load pull data. Memory is saved and access to the load pull data is reduced, and the calculation time can be shortened.

Ninth Embodiment Embodiment 9 is shown in FIG. The load pull data are input load Γ _i , output load Γ _o ,
Output power P _out depending on input power P _in , power consumption P _dc , gain G, power added efficiency η _add , drain efficiency η _d ,
A phase change amount (φ, Phase), a drain current I _d , and a drain voltage V _d . Of the above parameters, what is actually measured is the output power, the amount of phase change, the drain current, and the drain voltage, and the power consumption, gain, power added efficiency, and drain efficiency are calculated from the measurement results.

The format of the load pull data first shows the total number of input loads n × output loads m, then the number of input side reflection coefficients Γ _i , the number of output side reflection coefficients Γ _o , and P _in . After that, the output power P _{out with} respect to the input power P _in , the power consumption P _dc , the gain G, the power added efficiency η _add , the drain efficiency η _d , the phase change amount (φ, Phase), the drain current I _d , the drain voltage V. _The data is described in the order of _d .

The method of measuring the load pull data is as shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3 (b) and 3 (c), the load pull data sets the change range of the tuner on the input side and the output side respectively, and within the range, the impedance at the input n point and the output m point is set. That is, the input / output characteristics shown in FIG. 3 (d) are measured for n × m sets of impedances,
Save it as data.

Therefore, according to the ninth embodiment, the load pull data is first shown as the number of input loads × the total number of output loads, and then the input side reflection coefficient, the output side reflection coefficient,
Shows the number of input power, and then describes the output power, power consumption, gain, power added efficiency, drain efficiency, phase change amount, drain current, drain voltage with respect to the input power in the order of these, and these are made into one file. By reading the data into the memory all at once, the file can be easily accessed and the calculation time can be shortened.

Embodiment 10. FIG. FIG. 16 shows an embodiment 1
Indicates 0. As the S parameter of the unit amplifier, the S parameter at the time of large signal operation is basically used. The standard small signal S-parameter format represents the variation of S-parameters with respect to frequency, whereas the large-signal S-parameter format has input power P _in for each frequency.
Represents the change of the S parameter with respect to. The large signal S parameter first indicates the total number of frequencies, then the frequency and P _in
, And then S-parameter data for P _in .

As described above, according to the tenth embodiment, the S parameter of the unit amplifier is given as a large signal S parameter representing the change of the S parameter with respect to the input power for each frequency, so that the reflection coefficient and the stability coefficient are obtained. It is possible to improve the calculation accuracy in the calculation.

Eleventh Embodiment Embodiment 11 in FIG.
Indicates. A certain area of the Smith chart is boxed and the enclosed area is enlarged or reduced. In this way, by adding the enlargement / reduction function of the Smith chart,
The data of the load pull characteristics can be made easy to see, and the calculation efficiency can be improved.

Twelfth Embodiment Embodiment 12 in FIG.
Indicates. The load pull data includes the input load Γ _i , the output load Γ _o , the output power P _out depending on the input power P _in , the power consumption P _dc , the gain G, the power added efficiency η _add , the drain efficiency η _d ,
A phase change amount (φ, Phase), a drain current I _d , and a drain voltage V _d . The format first shows the total number of input loads n × the number of output loads m, and then the reflection coefficient Γ _i on the input side. , The number of reflection coefficients Γ _o and P _in on the output side, and thereafter, the output power P _out and the power consumption P with respect to the input power P _in
The data is described in the order of _dc , gain G, power added efficiency η _add , drain efficiency η _d , phase change amount (φ, Phase), drain current I _d , drain voltage V _d .

In the twelfth embodiment, the total characteristic of the multistage amplifier is calculated using the frequency as a parameter.
As shown in FIG. 8, one set of load pull data at each frequency is created, and this is created for each frequency, and the whole is made into one file. By using this data file, the formulas (7) to (12) for calculating the gain, output, efficiency, and phase change amount, and the formulas (13) to (17) for calculating the distortion characteristics, It is possible to calculate the overall characteristic of the multistage amplifier as a parameter, and to grasp the frequency dependence of the overall characteristic of the multistage amplifier.

Thirteenth Embodiment Embodiment 13 in FIG.
Indicates. The frequency conversion circuit or the modulation circuit 20 is connected in front of the two-stage amplifier composed of the driver stage amplifier 3 and the power stage amplifier 4 to which the input / output / interstage circuit is connected, and the frequency conversion circuit or the conversion circuit 20 is connected. The gain, output, efficiency, amount of phase change, stability coefficient, S parameter, distortion characteristic, etc. of the included multistage amplifier are calculated. In this case, the frequency conversion circuit and the modulation circuit 20 are assumed to be linear circuits and given by S parameters.

As described above, the frequency conversion circuit and the modulation circuit are connected in front of the amplifiers in which the unit amplifiers are cascaded or connected in parallel in multiple stages, and the overall characteristics of the entire amplifier including the frequency conversion circuit and the modulation circuit are calculated. Can be extended to the calculation of the overall characteristics of the system such as the transmitter module.

Fourteenth Embodiment Embodiment 14 in FIG.
Indicates. 2 composed of an input circuit 5, a driver stage FET 21, an interstage circuit 6, a power stage FET 22, and an output circuit 7.
In the stage amplifier, the load pull data of the driver stage and the power stage FET and the large parameter S parameter, the S parameter of the input circuit, the interstage circuit, and the output circuit are used, and the gain, output, efficiency, and phase variation of the entire two-stage amplifier are used. , Stability coefficient, S parameter, distortion characteristic, etc. are calculated.

By applying the first to thirteenth embodiments to the design of the microwave amplifier having such a configuration, the design accuracy and performance of the amplifier can be improved.

[0110]

As described above, according to the present invention, by taking into consideration the influence of the input / output load, the gain of the entire amplifier,
The output, the efficiency, and the amount of phase change can be accurately obtained.

Further, the distortion characteristics of the entire amplifier and each stage can be accurately obtained by using the results of obtaining the gain, output, efficiency, and amount of phase change of the entire amplifier in consideration of the influence of the input / output load. .

Further, the gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, and distortion characteristics of the entire amplifier including the input / output / interstage circuit can be accurately obtained, and the matching circuit can be defined and its S parameter can be obtained. At the same time, S-parameters can be externally fetched as a matching circuit black box.

Further, the actual circuit adjustment can be performed on the computer by obtaining the gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, stability coefficient, S parameter and distortion characteristic of the entire amplifier while changing the values of the elements constituting the matching circuit. Can be done in a simulated manner.

Further, by obtaining the matching state at the time of large signal operation at an arbitrary terminal to which the unit amplifier or the matching circuit element is connected, it is possible to check in which part the mismatch occurs.

Further, by obtaining a stability coefficient in a large signal operation of a four-terminal circuit defined between arbitrary terminals connecting unit amplifiers or matching circuit elements, it is possible to check in which part oscillation occurs. it can.

Further, the gain, output, efficiency, amount of phase change, stability coefficient, when unit amplifiers are combined with an arbitrary positive real number,
By obtaining the distortion characteristics, it is possible to simulate on the computer the gate width of the FET, which is difficult to realize in an actual circuit. Also, by considering the deterioration of the gain and the output due to the synthesis, the actual Accurate calculation suitable for the circuit can be performed.

Further, the load pull data at an arbitrary load is obtained from the load pull data of three adjacent points by interpolation by weighting the distance, so that the load pull data number is reduced and the memory on the computer is saved, and the load pull data is reduced. Access to the pull data is reduced and the calculation time can be shortened.

Further, the load pull data first shows the total number of input loads × the number of output loads, then the reflection coefficient on the input side, the reflection coefficient on the output side, the number of input powers, and then the input power. Output power, power consumption, gain, power added efficiency, drain efficiency, phase change amount, drain current, drain voltage are described in the order of data, and these are made into one file and read into memory at once, Can be easily accessed and the calculation time can be shortened.

Further, by giving the S parameter of the unit amplifier as a large signal S parameter representing the change of the S parameter with respect to the input power for each frequency, it is possible to improve the calculation accuracy in obtaining the reflection coefficient and the stability coefficient. it can.

Further, by adding the enlargement / reduction function of the Smith chart, it is possible to make the data of the load pull characteristic easy to see, and it is possible to improve the calculation efficiency.

Further, by obtaining the total characteristic using the frequency as a parameter, the frequency dependence of the total characteristic of the multistage amplifier can be grasped.

Further, by connecting a frequency conversion circuit and a modulation circuit in front of an amplifier in which unit amplifiers are cascaded in multiple stages or connected in parallel, and calculating the overall characteristics of the entire amplifier including the frequency conversion circuit and the modulation circuit, transmission is performed. It can be extended to the calculation of the overall characteristics of the system such as modules.

Furthermore, by designing the microwave amplifier using the above-mentioned method for measuring the overall characteristic of the amplifier, it is possible to improve the design accuracy and performance of the amplifier.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an amplifier used for explaining a method for measuring an overall characteristic of an amplifier according to a first embodiment of the present invention and a table provided for the description.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a calculation algorithm for explaining the method for measuring the overall characteristic of the amplifier according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a method of measuring load pull data.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart provided for explaining an amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an amplifier used for explaining a method for measuring the overall characteristic of the amplifier according to the third embodiment of the present invention and a table provided for the explanation.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram related to how to define a matching circuit used to describe the method for measuring the overall characteristic of the amplifier according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram related to a four-terminal circuit network analysis used for explaining the method for measuring the overall characteristic of the amplifier according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of an amplifier used for explaining a method for measuring an overall characteristic of an amplifier according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of an amplifier used for explaining a method for measuring an overall characteristic of an amplifier according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention and a table provided for the description.

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of an amplifier used for explaining a method for measuring an overall characteristic of an amplifier according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of an amplifier used for explaining a method for measuring an overall characteristic of an amplifier according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a table content diagram for explaining an amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a Smith chart for explaining an overall characteristic measuring method for an amplifier according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of an amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of an amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a Smith chart for explaining an amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of an amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a configuration diagram of an amplifier used for explaining an overall characteristic measuring method for an amplifier according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram of an amplifier used for explaining an overall characteristic measuring method for an amplifier according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a configuration diagram of an amplifier used for explaining a conventional amplifier overall characteristic measuring method.

FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional amplifier overall characteristic measuring method.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 input terminal, 2 output terminal, 3 driver stage amplifier,
4 power stage amplifier, 5 input circuit, 6 interstage circuit, 7
Output circuit, 8 resistance, 9 capacitor, 10 inductor, 11 distributed constant line, 12 ground, 13 4 terminal circuit, 14 unit amplifier, 15 input / output characteristics, 16 input / output characteristics, 17 gain and output power according to the number of composites,
18 Smith Chart, 19 Smith Chart, 20
Frequency conversion circuit or modulation circuit, 21 driver stage FE
T, 22 power stage FET.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── (72) Inventor Kazuhisa Yamauchi 2-3-3 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Mitsubishi Electric Co., Ltd. (72) Masatoshi Nakayama 2-3-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Mitsubishi Electric Within the corporation (56) References JP-A-10-19971 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01R 31/00 G01R 27/00 G01R 31/28 H03F 3 / 193

Claims (14)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for measuring overall characteristics of an amplifier in which unit amplifiers are cascade-connected or connected in parallel in multiple stages, wherein a load-pull data and an S parameter of the unit amplifier of each stage are used to determine the total characteristics of each stage. A comprehensive characteristic measuring method for an amplifier, characterized in that a comprehensive characteristic of gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, stability coefficient, and S parameter of the entire amplifier is obtained in consideration of a load connected to input and output of a unit amplifier. . 2. The method for measuring the overall characteristic of an amplifier according to claim 1, wherein intermodulation occurs when two frequency signals having adjacent frequencies, a π / 4 shift QPSK modulated wave, and a multicarrier signal which is regarded as noise are amplified. A comprehensive characteristic measurement method for an amplifier, which is characterized by obtaining distortion characteristics of distortion, adjacent channel leakage power, and Noise Power Ratio. 3. The amplifier characteristic measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the matching circuit is defined by a lumped constant element and a distributed constant element or an S parameter, and the matching circuit is connected to the input and output of the unit amplifier of each stage. A method for measuring the overall characteristics of an amplifier, which is characterized in that the overall characteristics of the whole are obtained. 4. The amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to claim 3, wherein the gain of the amplifier as a whole, the output, the efficiency, the phase change amount, the stability coefficient, the S parameter, while changing the values of the elements constituting the matching circuit, A method for measuring the total characteristic of an amplifier, which is characterized in that the total characteristic of distortion characteristics is obtained. 5. The method for measuring overall characteristics of an amplifier according to claim 3, wherein the reflection coefficient on the power supply side or the load side is obtained from any terminal connecting the unit amplifier or the matching circuit element depending on the input power. Measuring method for total characteristics of amplifier. 6. The stability characteristic measuring method for an amplifier according to claim 3, wherein a stability coefficient of a 4-terminal circuit defined between arbitrary terminals connecting a unit amplifier or a matching circuit element is determined depending on input power. A method for measuring the overall characteristics of an amplifier characterized by. 7. The method for measuring the overall characteristic of an amplifier according to claim 1, wherein N unit amplifiers of each stage (N is a positive real number) are combined in parallel, and a gain corresponding to the combined number N is obtained. And a method for measuring the total characteristic of an amplifier, characterized in that the amount of deterioration of output is defined. 8. The amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to claim 1, wherein input / output characteristics for an arbitrary load connected to the input / output of each stage unit amplifier are adjacent to each other at three points. A method for measuring the overall characteristic of an amplifier, which is obtained by three-point interpolation by weighting the distance from the input / output characteristic in the above. 9. The method for measuring overall characteristics of an amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the load pull data of the unit amplifier of each stage is set for each reflection coefficient of the load connected to the input / output of the unit amplifier. , Output power with respect to input power, power consumption, gain, power added efficiency, drain efficiency, phase change amount, drain current, drain voltage, and expressed as one data file, and comprehensive measurement of amplifier characteristics Method. 10. The method for measuring the overall characteristic of an amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the S parameter of each unit amplifier in each stage is expressed by a change of the S parameter with respect to the frequency, and a small signal S parameter format and frequency. A method for measuring overall characteristics of an amplifier, characterized in that a large signal S-parameter format expressed by a change in S-parameter with respect to input power is given for each. 11. The method for measuring overall characteristics of an amplifier according to claim 1, wherein a unit amplifier, a matching circuit, an S parameter of the entire amplifier, load pull data,
A method for measuring the overall characteristic of an amplifier, wherein the reflection coefficient is displayed on a Smith chart, a certain area of the Smith chart is selected, and the area is enlarged or reduced. 12. The amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, stability coefficient, S parameter, intermodulation distortion, and adjacent channel leakage of the entire amplifier. Electricity, Noise Powe
A method for measuring the overall characteristic of an amplifier, which is characterized in that the overall characteristic of r Ratio is obtained using the frequency as a parameter. 13. The method for measuring the overall characteristics of an amplifier according to claim 1, further comprising a frequency conversion circuit or a modulation circuit connected to the front stage of the amplifier, and the entire amplifier including the frequency conversion circuit or the modulation circuit. A comprehensive characteristic measuring method for an amplifier, which is characterized in that a comprehensive characteristic of gain, output, efficiency, phase change amount, stability coefficient, S parameter, intermodulation distortion, adjacent channel leakage power, and Noise Power Ratio is obtained. 14. The amplifier overall characteristic measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the unit amplifier is a FET, and the gain and output of the entire amplifier are obtained by using load pull data and S parameter of the FET. , An efficiency, a stability coefficient, an S parameter, and a distortion characteristic are obtained.