JP3363584B2 - Image forming method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a magnetic toner used in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, magnetic recording and the like, and an image forming method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a number of electrophotographic methods are known, but generally, a photoconductive material is used to form an electric latent image on a photoconductor by various means, and then the electrophotographic image is formed. The latent image is developed with toner to make it a visible image. If necessary, the toner image is transferred to a transfer material such as paper, and then the toner image is fixed on the transfer material by heat or pressure to obtain a copy. It is a thing.

In recent years, in addition to conventional copying machines, there have been many printers, facsimile machines, and the like using electrophotographic methods. Particularly in printers and facsimiles, a developing device using a one-component toner is often used because it is necessary to reduce the size of the copying device.

Unlike the two-component system, the one-component developing system does not require carrier particles such as glass beads and iron powder, so that the developing device itself can be made compact and lightweight. Further, since the two-component developing system needs to keep the toner concentration in the carrier constant, a device for detecting the toner concentration and supplying a required amount of toner is required. Therefore, also in this case, the developing device becomes large and heavy. Such a device is not necessary in the one-component developing system, and it is preferable because it can be made small and light.

In addition, LED and LBP printers have become the mainstream of the market in recent years as the printer apparatus, and the direction of technology is higher resolution, that is, 400, 600, 800 dpi instead of 240, 300 dpi in the past. ing. Therefore, the developing system is also required to have higher definition. Further, the copiers are also becoming more sophisticated, and as a result, they are moving toward digitalization. In this direction, the method of forming an electrostatic charge image with a laser is the main method, so it is also advancing toward high resolution, and here too, as with printers, high resolution and high definition development methods are required. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-112253,
JP-A-2-284158 proposes a toner having a small particle size.

In copying machines, there is always a demand for higher speed and stabilization. Especially for medium speed machines and high speed machines, the two-component development method is the mainstream. This is because, with such a relatively large machine, the stability for long-term use at high speed becomes more important than the problem of the size and weight of the developing device. Generally, the toner of the two-component developer is colored with carbon black or the like, and the other components are mostly composed of polymers. For this reason, the toner particles are light and have no force other than electrostatic force to adhere to the carrier particles. Therefore, especially at high-speed development, the toner is scattered, and the lens, the original glass, the transport section, etc. are contaminated over a long period of time, which may cause image deterioration. May impair stability. Therefore, a developer has been put into practical use in which a magnetic substance is contained in the toner to make the toner heavy, and at the same time, magnetic particles are attached to the magnetic carrier particles in addition to electrostatic force to prevent scattering.

As described above, toner containing a magnetic material is becoming more and more important.

By the way, in the one-component magnetic developing system, since the toner is developed in a chain shape (generally called "brush") at the time of development, the resolution in the horizontal direction of the image is worse than that in the vertical direction. For example, the trailing phenomenon due to the protrusion of the ears is likely to occur in the non-image portion in the latter half of the developed image, and a rough image tends to occur as compared with the two-component developing method. Therefore, as a method of further improving the image reproducibility, it is conceivable to make the ears of the toner shorter and denser.The means for reducing the amount of magnetic material in the toner and the toner regulating member strongly contacting the toner carrier. Means such as letting them be considered. In addition, the relationship between the strength of magnetization of the magnetic toner and the shape of the ear is also qualitatively understood as follows. That is, when the magnetic toner has a large magnetization intensity, a strong attractive force along the magnetic field direction and a strong repulsive force in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field are generated between the magnetic toner particles. Therefore, when the magnetization intensity is high, the ears formed by the magnetic toner are long, and the ears on the toner carrier have a low density, and the individual ears are thin. On the contrary, when the magnetic toner has a low magnetization, the density of the ears becomes high,
Since the magnetic toner is not sufficiently conveyed onto the toner carrier by the magnetic force, another conveying means is required. Further, when the toner becomes fine particles (generally 9 μm or less), the charge-up phenomenon of the toner is apt to occur, and the charged toner or fine powder adheres strongly to the toner carrier due to a force such as a mirroring force, so that the image density is increased. Cause a drop in. Further, when the toner regulating member is strongly brought into contact with the toner carrier, there are problems such as abrasion of the toner regulating member and an increase in driving load, which is not preferable. However, when the magnetic properties of the toner are reduced, the magnetic restraining force of the toner carrier becomes smaller, and therefore fogging generally tends to occur.

As a method of reducing the saturation magnetization σs of the toner, the content of the magnetic substance in the toner is reduced,
JP-A-3-197697, JP-A-4-18435
No. 4, JP-A-4-223487, etc., a method in which the divalent iron of magnetite is replaced with a divalent metal such as zinc or copper, and a partially ferrite-containing magnetic material is contained, or a needle-shaped magnetic material is contained. Although a method has been proposed, the developing method using an alternating electric field tends to increase fog particularly in a low temperature and low humidity environment.

In addition, from the viewpoint of environmental protection, recently, the primary charging and transfer processes using a corona discharge, which have been conventionally used, are becoming mainstream, and the primary charging and transfer processes using a charging roller are becoming mainstream.

Specifically, a voltage is applied to a conductive roller, which is a charging member, to bring the roller into contact with a photosensitive member, which is a member to be charged, to charge the surface of the photosensitive member to a predetermined potential. For example, in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 50-13661, a roller having a core metal coated with a dielectric made of nylon or polyurethane rubber enables a low voltage to be applied when the photoreceptor is charged. However, in the roller charging method, the physical and chemical action of the surface of the organic photoconductor due to the discharge generated between the charging roller and the photoconductor is larger than that in the corona charging method.
In combination with PC photoconductor / blade cleaning, problems such as photoconductor cleaning failure due to photoconductor surface deterioration or toner fusion on the photoconductor are likely to occur (roller charging / OPC photoconductor / one component). The combination of magnetic developing method / blade cleaning facilitates cost reduction, size reduction and weight reduction of the image forming apparatus.
This is the mainstream method for copiers, printers, facsimiles, etc. in fields where low cost, small size and light weight are required. ).

In recent years, so-called recycled paper has become the mainstream as copy paper from the viewpoint of environmental protection. However, since recycled paper generates a large amount of paper powder and filler powder, problems such as cleaning failure and toner fusion are promoted by the use of recycled copy paper. These problems are small while clearing environmental problems.
This has been a problem that must be improved in order to obtain an image forming apparatus that can obtain high resolution and high definition images at light weight and low cost.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method capable of obtaining a high quality and high definition image.

A further object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method capable of obtaining an image with high image density and no fog.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an image forming method capable of obtaining an image having high blackness.

[0016]

[0017]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a photosensitive member having an electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive member by a charging unit and an image exposing unit is brought into contact with a toner carrier carrying a toner layer. In an image forming method in which the toner particles are opposed to each other with a gap smaller than that of the toner layer, developed, and then transferred onto a transfer material,
In the developing step, only the voltage existing between the image part potential and the non-image part potential on the photoconductor is applied to the toner carrier,
A magnetic toner is developed, the toner contains at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, and the weight average particle diameter of the toner is D (μm),
The saturation magnetization amount of the toner particles in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted is M (emu / g), and the density of the toner particles is γ (g / c
m ³ ), the value S of each product (D × M × γ)
Is a magnetic toner of 100 to 400.

When the value of S is less than 100, fogging is apt to occur in the image, and the magnetic transport force in the developing device is insufficient, so that a large amount of consumed image such as a solid black image is printed. There is a phenomenon that a part of the image becomes white due to insufficient supply of toner to the image. If it exceeds 400, scattering tends to occur around the characters. The value of S is preferably 120-
It is preferably 340, and more preferably in the range of 140 to 300.

The inventors of the present invention have conducted a study by paying attention to the "line image" which occupies most of the general image. As a result, when the product of the weight average particle diameter of the toner particles, the saturation magnetization amount and the density is within the above range. In addition, scattering around the line image part is reduced,
Moreover, they have found that the toner can be supplied onto the sleeve by the magnetic force and the developing device can be simplified. The scattering around the line image portion is reduced because the conventional toner forms a long "brush" in the developing portion due to the magnetic force. According to the toner and the image forming method of the present invention, the "brush" is formed. Is short, so that both magnetic transport and image quality can be achieved.

In order to achieve this, it is possible to reduce the magnetic substance content and use a low σs magnetic substance.
The saturation magnetization σs (M) in the Oersted magnetic field is 20
It is preferably ˜50 emu / g.

By controlling the value of S by using a magnetic material having σs in the above range, it becomes possible to contain a larger amount of the magnetic material, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of controlling the charging of the magnetic toner and causes more fogging. Unlikely to occur.

The chromaticity of the magnetic toner preferably satisfies the following conditions -1.0≤a ^* ≤0.8 and -3.0≤b ^* ≤0, and more preferably the following conditions: 13 ≦ L ^* ≦ 23, −0.8 ≦ a ^* ≦ 0.6, −3.0 ≦
It is preferable to satisfy b ^* ≦ 0. (In the formula, a ^* is (L ^* , a ^* , b ^* ))
Indicates the chromaticity in the red-green direction in the uniform perceptual color space, b ^*
Indicates the chromaticity in the yellow-blue direction, and L ^* indicates the lightness. )

When a ^* or b ^* is not within the above range,
The color becomes reddish or bluish, which is not preferable as a black toner. Also. When L ^* is larger than 23, the coloring power of the toner is insufficient and more toner is required to obtain a sufficient image density. On the other hand, when L ^* is less than 13, the toner has too much coloring power and causes slight scattering.
The fogging becomes noticeable.

Conventionally, as a means for reducing the amount of magnetization of a magnetic material, a material doped with a divalent metal such as Zn or Mn has been used. However, this method is a method of making magnetite into a ferrite, and inevitably reduces the divalent iron in the magnetite, resulting in a reddish black color of the particles, and the blackness of the image may not be sufficient.

Therefore, a material obtained by substituting trivalent iron with a trivalent different metal does not reduce FeO and thus does not impair the blackness, and a toner image having a high blackness can be obtained, which is preferable.
The low σs magnetic substance having an FeO content of less than 18% tends to have insufficient blackness.

From this point of view, the magnetic material according to the present invention preferably contains 2 to 20% by weight of a trivalent metal other than iron. If it is less than 2% by weight or exceeds 20% by weight, it is difficult to balance the blackness and σs.
Further, 3 to 16% by weight is preferable. The foreign metal (trivalent) contained in the magnetic substance may be present in the form of hydroxide or hydrous oxide on or near the surface of the magnetic substance.
The crystal lattice of the magnetic substance preferably contains 2% by weight to 10% by weight of a different metal (trivalent), and more preferably 3% by weight to 6% by weight.

The magnetic material is made of magnetite containing trivalent iron.
It is an unprecedented low σs high blackness magnetic material which is replaced with a different valent metal, and various metals can be used as the trivalent metal, and among them, aluminum is preferable. In addition, replacing divalent iron with a divalent metal such as manganese, zinc, cobalt, or copper is a preferable form for controlling the magnetic characteristics, as long as the blackness is not deteriorated. Further, the shape of the magnetic material which may contain other metal elements within a range that does not affect the shape includes octahedron, hexahedron, sphere, irregular shape, needle shape, plate shape, and flaky shape. But,
An octahedron, a hexahedron, a sphere, an irregular shape, etc., which have a small magnetic anisotropy are preferable. The average particle size of the magnetic substance is 0.05 to 1.
0 μm is preferable, and 0.1 to 0.6 μm is more preferable.
m, more preferably 0.1 to 0.4 μm.

These magnetic particles are BE prepared by the nitrogen adsorption method.
T specific surface area is preferably ² to 30 m ² / g, particularly 3 to ²
A magnetic powder having 8 m ² / g and a Mohs hardness of 5 to 7 is preferable.

Further, it is preferable that the magnetic toner contains 20 to 200 parts by weight of the magnetic material with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

The amount of magnetic material is 100 parts by weight of the binder resin,
In the case of reducing the magnetic substance, 20 to 100 parts by weight is preferable, and when using the low σs magnetic substance, 50 to 200 parts by weight is preferable. Two
When the amount is less than 0 parts by weight, the controllability of the transportability and the charge amount is insufficient, and the toner layer on the toner carrying member tends to be uneven, resulting in image unevenness. Further, the image density is likely to be decreased due to the increase in toner tribo. It was a trend.

On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 200 parts by weight, there is a tendency that a problem occurs in fixing property. Furthermore, 30 to 80 parts by weight is preferable in the case of reducing the magnetic substance, and 60 to 150 parts by weight is preferable in the case of using a low σs magnetic substance.

The weight average particle diameter (D) of the toner of the present invention is preferably 4 to 10 μm, particularly 4.5 to 9 μm in order to obtain good image quality. When the weight average particle diameter is less than 4 μm, toner aggregation is significant, and problems are likely to occur in toner productivity (eg, filling step) and handling. If it exceeds 10 μm, the dot latent image or fine line of 100 μm or less is not sufficiently reproduced.

The type of the binder resin used in the present invention is, for example, a homopolymer of styrene such as polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene, or polyvinyltoluene, or a substitution product thereof; styrene-p-chlorostyrene copolymerization. Coal, styrene-vinyltoluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-α-chloromethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene- Acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile- Styrene-based copolymers such as indene copolymers Combined; polyvinyl chloride, phenol resin, natural modified phenol resin, natural resin modified maleic acid resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyvinyl acetate, silicone resin, polyester resin, polyurethane, polyamide resin, furan resin, epoxy resin, xylene resin , Polyvinyl butyral, terpene resin, coumarone indene resin, petroleum resin and the like can be used. A crosslinked styrene resin is also a preferable binder resin.

Examples of the comonomer for the styrene monomer of the styrene copolymer include acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate,
Didecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, etc. A monocarboxylic acid having a heavy bond or a substituted product thereof;
For example, a dicarboxylic acid having a double bond such as maleic acid, butyl maleate, methyl maleate, dimethyl maleate, and the like; and substituted compounds thereof; for example, vinyl chloride,
Vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate, etc., ethylene-based olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene, etc .; vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone, etc .;
For example, vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether and the like; and vinyl monomers such as are used alone or in combination. Here, as the cross-linking agent, a compound having two or more polymerizable double bonds is mainly used, and examples thereof include aromatic divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinylnaphthalene; for example, ethylene glycol diacrylate and ethylene glycol. Dimethacrylate,
A carboxylic acid ester having two double bonds such as 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate; a divinyl compound such as divinylaniline, divinyl ether, divinyl sulfide, divinyl sulfone; and a compound having three or more vinyl groups; Can be used alone or as a mixture.

As the binder resin for toner used for pressure fixing, low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, higher fatty acid, polyamide Resin and polyester resin may be used. These are preferably used alone or in combination.

Further, it is also preferable to include the following waxes in the toner from the viewpoint of improving the releasability from the fixing member during fixing and the fixing property. Paraffin wax and its derivatives, microcrystalline wax and its derivatives, Fischer-Tropsch wax and its derivatives, polyolefin wax and its derivatives, carnauba wax and its derivatives, etc., where the derivatives are oxides and block copolymers with vinyl monomers. , Including graft modified products.

In addition, alcohols, fatty acids, acid amides,
Esters, ketones, hydrogenated castor oil and its derivatives, plant wax, animal wax, mineral wax, petrolactam and the like can also be used.

In the toner of the present invention, it is preferable to use a charge control agent in the toner particles (internal addition) or in the mixture with the toner particles (external addition). The charge control agent makes it possible to control the optimum charge amount according to the development system.
Particularly in the present invention, it is possible to make the balance between the particle size distribution and the charge amount more stable. The following substances control the toner to be negatively charged.

Organic metal complexes and chelate compounds are effective, for example, monoazo metal complexes, acetylacetone metal complexes, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, and aromatic dicarboxylic acid type metal complexes. Other examples include aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, aromatic mono- and polycarboxylic acids and their metal salts, anhydrides, esters, and phenol derivatives such as bisphenol.

In addition, the following substances are used to control the positive chargeability.

Modified products of nigrosine and fatty acid metal salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as tributylbenzylammonium-1-hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, and phosphonium salts which are analogs thereof. Onium salts and lake pigments thereof, triphenylmethane dyes and lake pigments thereof (as a laker, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic molybdic acid, tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanide) Compounds, ferrocyanides, etc.), metal salts of higher fatty acids; diorganotin oxides such as dibutyltin oxide, dioctyltin oxide, dicyclohexyltin oxide; dibutyltin borate, dioctyltin borate, dicyclohexyl Diorgano tin borate such as Suzuboreto; can be used in combination singly or two or more kinds.

The charge control agents described above are preferably used in the form of fine particles, and in this case, the number average particle diameter of these charge control agents is preferably 4 μm or less, more preferably 3 μm or less. When these charge control agents are internally added to the toner, it is preferable to use 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, particularly 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.

As the colorant which can be further added to the toner of the present invention, conventionally known carbon black, copper-phthalocyanine and the like can be used.

To improve the charging stability, developability, fluidity and storage stability, the toner of the present invention may be added with an inorganic fine powder such as fine powder of silicic acid, titanium oxide or aluminum oxide. Is preferred. For example, as the silicic acid fine powder, both a so-called dry method produced by vapor phase oxidation of a silicon halide or a dry silica called fumed silica and a so-called wet silica produced from water glass or the like can be used. However, there are few silanol groups on the surface and inside the silica fine powder, and Na ₂ O, SO
Towards less dry silica of manufacturing residue such as _^2-3 are preferable. Further, in the case of dry silica, it is also possible to obtain a composite fine powder of silica and another metal oxide by using another metal halogen compound such as aluminum chloride and titanium chloride together with the silicon halogen compound in the manufacturing process. Also includes.

The silica fine powder used in the present invention is BET.
The specific surface area by measuring nitrogen adsorption by law gives a good result in the range of 30 m ² / g or more, especially 50 to 400 m ² / g, the silica fine powder with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner 0.
It is preferable to use 01 to 8 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight. Further, the silica fine powder used in the present invention,
As necessary, silicone varnishes, various modified silicone varnishes, silicone oils, various modified silicone oils, silane coupling agents, silane coupling agents having a functional group, other organic silicon compounds, etc. It is also possible and preferable that the treatment is carried out with a treating agent or in combination with various treating agents.

The toner of the present invention may further contain other additives such as Teflon powder within a range that does not have a substantial adverse effect.
Lubricant powder such as zinc stearate powder, polyvinylidene fluoride powder, abrasive such as cerium oxide powder, silicon carbide powder, strontium titanate powder, or fluidity imparting agent such as titanium oxide powder and aluminum oxide powder, anti-caking A small amount of an agent or a conductivity imparting agent such as carbon black powder, zinc oxide powder, tin oxide powder, or white and black fine particles having opposite polarities can be used as a developing property improver.

To prepare the toner according to the present invention, a binder resin, a wax, a metal salt or a metal complex, a pigment as a coloring agent, a dye, a magnetic substance, a charge control agent, and other additives as required. Henschel mixer, a ball mill, and the like are sufficiently mixed and then melt-kneaded using a heat kneader such as a heating roll, a kneader, and an extruder, in which the resins are mutually compatible, and a metal compound,
The toner according to the present invention can be obtained by dispersing or dissolving a pigment, a dye, and a magnetic substance, cooling and solidifying, and then pulverizing and classifying.

Next, a method for measuring the characteristic value of the toner of the present invention will be described.

The average particle diameter of the toner can be measured by various methods such as Coulter Counter TA-II type or Coulter Multisizer (manufactured by Coulter Co.), but in the present invention, Coulter Counter TA-II type (manufactured by Coulter Co.). An interface (manufactured by Nikkaki Co., Ltd.) and a PC9801 personal computer (manufactured by NEC) for outputting a number distribution and a volume distribution are connected to each other, and a 1% NaCl aqueous solution is prepared as an electrolytic solution using primary sodium chloride.
For example, ISOTON R-II (manufactured by Coulter Scientific Japan) can be used. As a measuring method, 0.1 to 5 ml of a surfactant, preferably an alkylbenzene sulfonate, is added as a dispersant to 100 to 150 ml of the electrolytic aqueous solution, and 2 to 2 measuring samples are further added.
Add 0 mg. The electrolytic solution in which the sample is suspended is subjected to a dispersion treatment for about 1 to 3 minutes with an ultrasonic disperser, and the volume and number of toner particles of 2 μm or more are measured by using a 100 μm aperture as an aperture with the Coulter Counter TA-II type. calculating the distribution and the number distribution, the weight-average particle diameter based on weight was determined from the volume distribution: was obtained (D ₄ and the representative value of the channel center value of each channel).

The density γ of the magnetic toner particles of the present invention is measured as follows. That is, about 1 g of the magnetic toner is put into a tablet molding machine for IR measurement, and is pressed at a pressure of about 200 kgf / cm ² for 1 minute to mold. The volume and weight of this sample are measured to determine the density γ.

The magnetic characteristic of the magnetic material according to the present invention is the vibration type magnetometer VSM-3S-15 (manufactured by Toei Industry Co., Ltd.).
It is the value measured using.

In the present invention, the trivalent metal content other than iron contained in the magnetic material is measured by the following method. 0.2 g of the magnetic substance was collected in a beaker, 15 ml of a 12N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added, and the reaction was continued with heating and stirring until everything was dissolved and became transparent. Water is added to the obtained solution to make 100 ml, and the sample solution is used to measure the dissolved amount of a trivalent metal element other than iron by plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP). The abundance of the trivalent metal element other than iron with respect to the weight of the magnetic substance is calculated using a calibration curve obtained by similarly measuring a standard solution of the trivalent metal element other than iron. Further, in order to determine the content of a trivalent metal element other than iron in the crystal lattice of the magnetic material, after washing and removing the deposits on the surface of the magnetic material in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution having a pH of about 10, By plasma emission spectroscopy other than iron 3
The content of the valent metal element may be measured.

When the magnetic substance contained in the magnetic toner is analyzed, a solution in which the resin component of the magnetic toner is dissolved by mixing the toner with an organic solvent such as xylene which dissolves the resin component of the magnetic toner. Is filtered through a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.1 μm, and the magnetic substance remaining on the filter is collected. The presence of trivalent metal elements other than iron was measured by treating the collected magnetic material in an atmosphere of 600 ° C. to remove organic components, and then analyzing the obtained magnetic material by the method described above. To be done.

In the present invention, the blackness of the magnetic toner is measured by the following method. An organic solvent such as xylene that dissolves the resin component of the magnetic toner is added to the magnetic toner to prepare a solution in which the magnetic toner is dissolved so that the resin component of the magnetic toner becomes 20 parts by weight with respect to 80 parts by weight of the organic solvent. . The solution in which the resin component of this magnetic toner was dissolved was applied on a PET OHP with a bar coater to give a film thickness of 10
Quickly coat to a thickness of about μm, and use this as a test piece for measurement. Place a sufficient number of blank sheets on the back side of the OHP trial piece and apply the coating on the trial piece to the high-speed color analyzer C
Measured using A-35 (Murakami Color Research Laboratory)
The L ^* value, the a ^* value, and the b ^* value are measured by the Lab space of ter, respectively, and the International Commission on Illumination (Commission)
International del'Eclair
image, CIE) 1976 (L ^* , a ^* , b ^* ) Display according to the uniform perceptual color space.

The BET specific surface area of the magnetic material according to the present invention is a device for measuring specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption, Autosorb 1
(Manufactured by Yuasa Ionics) was used and determined by the BET multipoint method. As a pretreatment of the sample, deaeration is performed at 50 ° C. for 1 hour.

On the other hand, the surface roughness of the toner carrier of the image forming apparatus to which the toner of the present invention is applied is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 μm in terms of JIS center line average roughness (Ra). If Ra is less than 0.2 μm, the amount of charge on the toner carrier becomes high and the developability becomes insufficient. Ra is 3.0
When it exceeds μm, the toner coat layer on the toner carrier has unevenness, and uneven density tends to occur on the image.

The toner carrier according to the present invention is preferably covered with a resin layer containing conductive fine particles and / or a solid lubricant when the toner carrier and the latent image carrier are not in contact with each other. As the conductive fine particles contained in the resin layer coating the surface of the toner carrier, conductive metal oxides such as carbon black, graphite, conductive zinc oxide and the like, and metal complex oxides are preferably used alone or in combination of two or more. . As the resin in which the conductive fine particles are dispersed, phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyolefin resin, silicone resin, fluorine resin, styrene resin, A known resin such as an acrylic resin is used. Particularly, a thermosetting or photocurable resin is preferable.

Further, the diameter (or major axis) is 20 to
It is preferable that the resin layer in which the conductive fine particles and / or the lubricant is dispersed is coated on the blasted particles of 250 μm of the standard particles or the non-standard particles and the Ra of the surface layer is improved through durability.
It is preferable for maintaining.

When the toner carrier and the latent image carrier are substantially in contact with each other (when there is no toner layer, they are in direct contact), the toner carrier is silicone rubber, urethane rubber,
An elastic sleeve such as hydrin rubber or EPDM is preferable from the viewpoint of protecting the photoconductor. The elastic sleeve surface is
For the purpose of surface modification, a thin layer may be covered with a resin layer in which other resin or metal, or conductive fine particles and / or lubricant is dispersed.

Further, the ratio Vt / V of the peripheral speed Vt of the toner carrier to the peripheral speed V of the latent image carrier is 1.1 ≦ Vt / V ≦ 3 so that high image density and fog reduction can be achieved. It is preferable from the viewpoint. Furthermore, it is preferable that 1.2 ≦ Vt / V ≦ 2.5.

Further, in the magnetic toner of the present invention, the member for regulating the magnetic toner on the toner carrier is regulated by the member which is in contact with the toner carrier via the toner so that the magnetic toner is uniformly charged. Are particularly preferred.

In the present invention, it is preferable in terms of environmental protection that the charging member and the transfer member are in contact with the photoconductor so that ozone is not generated.

Further, in the toner carrier according to the present invention, magnets having a plurality of magnetic poles are concentrically enclosed, and it is preferable that the toner is conveyed onto the toner carrier by a magnetic force in order to simplify the apparatus. In addition, the magnetic pole of the developing unit is 100
It is preferably 0 Gauss (0.1 tesla) or less.

Next, the image forming method of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure when the photosensitive member and the toner carrying member are not in contact with each other, and FIG. 2 shows a schematic structure when the photosensitive member and the toner carrying member are substantially in contact with each other.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 100 is a photosensitive drum around which a primary charging roller 117 and a developing device 14 are provided.
0, a transfer charging roller 114, a cleaner 116, a register roller 124 and the like are provided. Then, the photosensitive drum 100 is -800V by the primary charging roller 117.
Be charged to. Then, the laser generator 123 irradiates the photosensitive drum 100 with laser light 123 to expose the image portion. The surface potential of the photosensitive drum of the exposed image portion becomes approximately -150 V, and an electrostatic latent image is formed. The electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 100 is charged on the toner carrier 102 by the primary charging roller 117 as shown in FIGS.
V and the photosensitive drum surface potential of the exposed image part -150V
By applying a developing bias so that the electric potential exists between the developing unit 140 and the developing unit 140, the developing device 140 develops the one-component magnetic toner. The obtained toner image is transferred to the transfer roller 114.
Is transferred onto the transfer material (applied DC voltage 2 kV).
The transfer material on which the toner image is placed is conveyed to the fixing device 126 by the conveyor belt 125 or the like and fixed on the transfer material. In addition, the toner partially left on the photosensitive drum is cleaning means 1
It is cleaned by 16.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the developing device 140 is located close to the photosensitive drum 100 and, in FIG. 3, a cylindrical toner carrier 102 (hereinafter referred to as a developing sleeve) made of a non-magnetic metal such as aluminum or stainless steel. Is called)
The gap between the photosensitive drum 100 and the developing sleeve 102 is kept constant by a sleeve / drum gap holding member (not shown). In FIG. 4, elastic sleeves such as silicone rubber, urethane rubber, hydrin rubber, and EPDM are provided, and the photosensitive drum 100 and the developing sleeve 102 are substantially in contact with each other. A stirring rod 141 is provided in the developing device, and a magnet roller 104 having a plurality of magnetic poles is fixed and provided concentrically with the developing sleeve 102 in the developing sleeve. However, the developing sleeve 102 is rotatable. The magnet roller 104 is provided with a plurality of magnetic poles as shown in the figure. S1 influences development, N1 regulates toner amount, S2 influences toner intake / conveyance, and N2 influences toner blowout prevention. In FIG. 5, the elastic sleeve is substantially in contact with the photosensitive drum 100. Therefore, the elastic body of the elastic sleeve is resistance-controlled in the medium resistance region to prevent electric conduction with the surface of the image carrier while maintaining an electric field, or a method of providing a thin dielectric layer on the surface layer of the conductive roller is also used. it can. Further, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which a conductive resin sleeve in which the side facing the surface of the image bearing member is coated with an insulating material is provided on the conductive roller, or a conductive layer is provided on the side not facing the image bearing member with the insulating sleeve. is there. Further, as a means for coating the toner on the developing sleeve, a sponge roller made of foamed polyurethane foam or a brush roller made of various fibers is provided as a toner application adjusting member 142 at the developing portion and brought into contact with the elastic sleeve 102. When the toner application adjusting member 142 is in the form of a roller, the toner is applied to the toner carrier or is peeled off from the toner carrier by rotating in the forward direction or the opposite direction to the toner carrier at the contact portion. Adjust the toner coat on the developing sleeve with.

The contact blade 10 serves as a member for controlling the amount of magnetic toner attached to the developing sleeve 102 and conveyed.
3, the developing sleeve 10 of the contact blade 103 is provided.
The amount of toner conveyed to the developing area is controlled by the contact pressure with respect to 2. In the developing area, a developing bias is applied between the photosensitive drum 100 and the developing sleeve 102, and the toner on the developing sleeve is applied to the photosensitive drum 100 according to the electrostatic latent image.
It flies up and becomes a visible image. 6 and 7 illustrate examples of voltages used in the present invention. Vdc in FIG. 6 is a DC applied voltage, FIG. 7 is a case where an AC voltage having a low Vpp is applied, and Vdc is a DC power supply voltage when AC is applied. Also, Vd is the dark portion potential on the photosensitive drum,
VL represents the light area potential.

[0069]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to production examples and examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. All parts in the following formulations are parts by weight.

(Magnetic Material Production Example 1) 0.35 mol / sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in a 4-liter three-necked flask.
1 liter of an aluminum sulphate aqueous solution was mixed, and 1 mol of a 0.8 mol / liter ferrous sulfate aqueous solution was added thereto, and the mixture was oxidized at about 80 ° C. while blowing an oxygen-containing gas while keeping the pH at 10-12. After adjusting the pH of the reaction liquid containing magnetic particles to 6 to 8, the obtained magnetic particles were filtered, washed with water, dried and crushed to obtain a magnetic substance a.

The magnetic characteristics of the obtained magnetic material a were such that the saturation magnetization σs was 36 emu / in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted.
g, residual magnetization σr is 7.9 emu / g, coercive force Hc is 1
It was 28 Oersted. The content of trivalent metal (aluminum element in this production example) other than iron contained in this magnetic material was 8%, and the FeO content was 24%. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Magnetic Material Production Examples 2 to 3) By adjusting the concentrations of the aluminum sulfate and sodium hydroxide aqueous solutions, in the same manner as in Magnetic Material Production Example 1, σs in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted was 21 emu / g and 42 emu / g. Magnetic materials b and c were obtained.

Table 1 shows the magnetic characteristics of the obtained magnetic materials b and c in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted, the trivalent metal content other than iron, and the FeO content.

(Magnetic Material Production Example 4) In the magnetic material a obtained in Magnetic Material Production Example 1, after magnetic particles were generated and washed with water, the magnetic particles were added to an alkaline aqueous solution having a pH of 10 or more to obtain magnetic properties. 3 other than excess iron on the surface of body particles
After removing the valent metal compound (presumed to be hydroxide or hydrous oxide), it was washed again with water, filtered, dried and crushed to obtain a magnetic substance d. Table 1 shows the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic substance d in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted, the content of trivalent metals other than iron, and the FeO content.

(Magnetic Material Production Example 5) A system in which 1 liter of a 0.8 mol / liter ferrous sulfate aqueous solution was mixed with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in a 4-liter three-necked flask (p
About 80 ° C while blowing steam and oxygen into H8-10)
To oxidize. The obtained black powder was filtered, washed with water, dried and crushed to obtain a magnetic substance e. Table 1 shows the magnetic properties of the obtained magnetic material e in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted, the trivalent metal content other than iron, and the FeO content.

(Magnetic Material Production Example 6) In a 4-liter three-necked flask, 1 liter of a 0.2 mol / liter zinc sulfate aqueous solution was mixed with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and 0.8 mol / liter of a sulfuric acid first solution was added to the mixture. An iron aqueous solution (1 liter) is added, and the pH of the reaction solution is maintained at 6 to 8 while oxygen-containing gas is being blown thereinto to oxidize at about 80 ° C. The obtained black powder is filtered, washed with water, dried and crushed to contain about 10 wt% of elemental zinc.
The contained magnetic material f was obtained. Table 1 shows the magnetic properties of the obtained magnetic material f in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted, the trivalent metal content other than iron, and the FeO content.

[0077]

[Table 1]

[0078]   (Toner Production Example 1)   ・ Magnetic material a 100 parts   ・ Styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer 100 parts   ・ Monoazo dye iron complex (negative charge control agent) 2 parts   ・ Low molecular weight polyolefin (release agent) 3 parts

The above materials were mixed in a blender, and 130
Melt and knead with a twin-screw extruder heated to ℃, chilled kneaded material is roughly crushed with a hammer mill, coarsely crushed material is finely crushed with a jet mill, and the obtained finely pulverized material is strictly classified with an air classifier. Thus, magnetic toner particles were obtained. To the obtained magnetic toner particles, 0.8% by weight of hydrophobized dry silica (BET specific surface area of 200 m ² / g) was added and mixed with a mixer to obtain a magnetic toner A of Toner Production Example 1. It was The obtained magnetic toner A has a weight-average particle diameter of 7.4 μm, and the saturation magnetization amount of the toner in a 1 k Oersted magnetic field is 1
It was 7.5 emu / g and the density was 1.64 g / cm ³ . Therefore, the weight average particle diameter of the magnetic toner is D (μm),
The value S of the product (D × M × γ) of the saturation magnetization amount M (emu / g) and the toner density γ (g / cm ³ ) of the toner in a 1 k Oersted magnetic field is S = 7.4. × 1
It became 7.5 * 1.64 = 212.38.

When the blackness of this magnetic toner was measured, L ^* = 20.7, a ^* = 0.00, b ^* =-2.
It was 10, showing good blackness. Table 2 shows the physical properties of Toner A.

(Toner Production Examples 2 to 4) Magnetic toners B, C and D were obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that 80 parts, 100 parts and 120 parts of the magnetic substance b was used as the magnetic substance. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained toner.

[0082]   (Toner Production Example 5)   ・ Magnetic material e 30 parts   -Styrene-butyl acrylate-maleic acid monobutyl ester copolymer                                                               100 copies   ・ Monoazo dye iron complex (negative charge control agent) 2 parts   ・ Low molecular weight polyolefin (release agent) 5 parts   ・ 2 parts of carbon black

The above materials were mixed in a blender, and 130
Melt and knead with a twin-screw extruder heated to ℃, chilled kneaded material is roughly crushed with a hammer mill, coarsely crushed material is finely crushed with a jet mill, and the obtained finely pulverized material is strictly classified with an air classifier. Thus, magnetic toner particles were obtained. To the obtained magnetic toner particles, 0.8% by weight of hydrophobized dry silica (BET specific surface area 200 m ² / g) was added and mixed with a mixer to obtain a magnetic toner E of Toner Production Example 5. It was The weight average particle diameter of the obtained magnetic toner is 6.6 μm, and the saturation magnetization amount of the toner in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted is 17.
The density was 5 emu / g and the density was 1.24 g / cm ³ . Therefore, the weight average particle diameter of the magnetic toner is D (μm), and the saturation magnetization amount of the toner in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted is M (e
The value S of the product (D × M × γ) of the toner density γ (g / cm ³ ) is S = 6.6 × 14.5.
X1.24 = 118.7.

Further, when the blackness of this magnetic toner was measured, L ^* = 21.1, a ^* = 0.20, b ^* =-0.
It was 85, showing good blackness. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the toner.

(Toner Production Example 6) Magnetic substance c as magnetic substance
In the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that 60 parts of is used, the weight average particle diameter is 8.3 μm, the saturation magnetization of the toner particles in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted is 16.3 emu / g, and the density is 1.35 g / cm ³ . Toner F was obtained. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner.

[0086]   (Toner Production Example 7)   ・ Magnetic material e 120 parts   ・ Polyester resin 100 parts   ・ Monoazo dye iron complex (negative charge control agent) 2 parts   ・ Low molecular weight polyolefin (release agent) 2 parts

The amount of hydrophobized dry silica added was 1.5.
In the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that the above material is used, the weight average particle diameter is 6.6 μm, and
The saturation magnetization in a magnetic field of k Oersted is 34.4e.
A magnetic toner G having a mu / g and a density of 1.73 g / cm ³ was obtained. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner.

(Toner Production Example 8) Magnetic substance d as magnetic substance
In the same manner as in Toner Production Example 7 except that is used, the weight average particle diameter is 6.8 μm, the saturation magnetization of the toner particles in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted is 21.2 emu / g, and the density is 1.7.
A magnetic toner H of ³ g / cm ³ was obtained. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner.

[0089]   (Toner Production Example 9)   ・ Magnetic material f 120 parts   -Styrene-2-ethylhexyl-butyl maleate copolymer 100 parts   ・ Chromium complex of monoazo dye (negative charge control agent) 2 parts   ・ Low molecular weight polyolefin (release agent) 2 parts

A weight average particle diameter of 5.7 μm and a toner particle of 1 k oersted were obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that the addition amount of the hydrophobized dry silica was 1.2% by weight and the above materials were used. The saturation magnetization in the magnetic field is 2
A magnetic toner I having a density of 0.5 emu / g and a density of 1.73 g / cm ³ was obtained. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner.

(Toner Comparative Production Example 1) Without using a magnetic material,
Toner Production Example 1 except that 5 parts of carbon black was added
In the same manner as above, a magnetic toner J having a weight average particle diameter of 7.4 μm and a toner particle density of 1.05 g / cm ³ was obtained. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner.

(Toner Comparative Production Example 2) A weight average particle diameter of 12.0 μm and a saturation magnetization amount of a toner particle in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted were obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that 100 parts of the magnetic substance e was used as the magnetic substance. Is 31.0 emu /
A magnetic toner K having a density of 1.67 g / cm ³ was obtained. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner.

(Toner Comparative Production Example 3) A weight average particle diameter of 5.0 μm was obtained in the same manner as in Toner Production Example 1 except that 30 parts of the magnetic substance e was used as the magnetic substance and no carbon black was used.
m, the saturation magnetization of the toner particles in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted is 14.5 emu / g, and the density is 1.24 g / cm ^3.
Magnetic toner L of was obtained. Table 2 shows the physical properties of the obtained magnetic toner.

[0094]

[Table 2] Example 1 In the configuration of FIG. 1, the electrostatic latent image carrier has a diameter of 30 m.
m OPC drum, using a rubber roller (diameter 12 mm, contact pressure 50 g / cm) in which conductive carbon coated with nylon resin was dispersed as a primary charging roller, and was charged to −800 V (applied voltage is DC. Voltage-80
0V, AC voltage 2kVp, frequency 380Hz superimposed).
After that, the dark portion potential VD = −800 by laser exposure.
V and bright part potential VL = -150V. As a toner carrier, a resin sleeve having a layer thickness of about 7 μm and a JIS center line average roughness (Ra) of 2.0 μm having the following constitution was formed on a stainless cylinder having a diameter of 12φ and having a mirror surface.

[0095]   Phenolic resin 100 parts   Graphite (particle size: about 7 μm) 90 parts   Carbon black 10 parts

Then, the gap between the photosensitive drum and the developing sleeve was set to 50 μm, a developing magnetic pole of 700 gauss, a toner regulating member having a thickness of 1.0 mm and a urethane rubber blade having a free length of 10 mm were brought into contact with each other at a linear pressure of 15 g / cm, The sleeve was rotated in the forward direction at a peripheral speed of 1.5 times that of the photoconductor (Vt / V = 1.5). At this time, the thickness of the toner layer on the magnetic pole of the developing sleeve was 70 μm. A DC bias component Vdc = -600V was used as the developing bias.

A urethane rubber blade having a thickness of 2.0 mm and a free length of 8 mm was brought into contact with the photosensitive member cleaning blade at a linear pressure of 25 g / cm.

Magnetic toner A is used as the toner, and
Image formation was performed in an environment of 65 ° C. and 65% RH. as a result,
As shown in Table 3, there was no scattering on the image and a good image without fog was obtained. In addition, in the present invention, the evaluation of splattering is the splattering evaluation in a 100 μm line.

Further, the fog on the transfer paper is reflected by a reflection densitometer (TOKYO DENSHOKU CO., LTD.
REFLECTOMETER ODEL TC-6
DS) was used to measure (the worst value of the reflection density of the white background after printing was Ds, and the average reflection density of the paper before printing was Dr, and Ds-Dr was the fog amount). (A fog amount of 2% or less is a good image with substantially no fog,
If it exceeds 5%, the image is not clear and has fogging. )

In addition, 1 solid black pattern is printed on A4 size paper.
Although 0 sheets were printed out continuously, the density difference between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the solid black of the 10th sheet measured by Macbeth densitometer was 0.03.
It was small and the uniformity of solid black was sufficient.

Comparative Example 1 Toner J was used as a toner, and image formation was performed under the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 3, scatter was noticeable around the characters and an image lacking in sharpness was obtained.

Comparative Example 2 Toner K was used as a toner, and image formation was performed under the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1. As a result, as shown in Table 3, scatter was noticeable around the characters and an image lacking in sharpness was obtained.

Comparative Example 3 Toner L was used as the toner, the toner layer thickness on the developing pole of the developing sleeve was 150 μm, the gap between the photosensitive drum and the developing sleeve was 300 μm, the developing magnetic pole was 850 gauss, and the developing bias was a DC bias. Component Vdc =
-500V to Vpp = 1600V, frequency 1800Hz
Image formation was carried out under the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1 except that the AC component of was superposed and Vt / V = 1.0. As a result, the results as shown in Table 3 were obtained, but an image with much fogging and a little lack of sharpness was obtained.

Example 2 As a toner carrier, the layer thickness of the following constitution is about 7 μm, JIS
A developing sleeve was produced in which a resin layer having a center line average roughness (Ra) of 1.6 μm was formed on a stainless cylinder having a diameter of 16φ and whose surface is a mirror surface.

[0105]   ・ Phenolic resin 100 parts   ・ Graphite (particle size: about 7 μm) 45 parts   ・ 5 parts of carbon black

Image formation was carried out under the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1 except that this developing sleeve and Toner B were used. The results are shown in Table 3.

Embodiment 3 In FIGS. 2 and 4, a developing sleeve has a nylon resin coating (JIS surface center line average roughness Ra of 1.2 μm) having a resistance of 10 ⁶ Ωcm in which conductive tin oxide is dispersed. Conductive rubber roller with a diameter of 16φ (E with a conductive agent dispersed on an aluminum cylinder with a diameter of 12φ containing a magnet)
PDM coated with a thickness of 4 mm), a DC bias component Vdc = -450V is used as a developing bias,
Example 1 except that the sleeve and the photoconductor are substantially brought into contact with each other.
Images were printed using the same equipment and conditions. The results are shown in Table 3.
Shown in.

Examples 4 and 5 Images were printed under the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1 except that Toners C and D were used as the toners. The results are shown in Table 3.

Embodiments 6 and 7 The same as Embodiment 1 except that the toners E and F are used as the toner, the developing bias is the DC bias component Vdc = -450V, the AC bias component Vpp = 200V, and the frequency is 2000 Hz. Images were printed using the above equipment and conditions. The results are shown in Table 3.

Examples 8 and 9 Same as Example 1 except that the voltage applied to the charging roller is DC voltage -1400V only, the surface of the photoconductor is charged to -800V, and toners G and H are used as toners. Images were drawn using the equipment and conditions. The results are shown in Table 3.

Example 10 Toner I was used as the toner, and image formation was performed under the same apparatus and conditions as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3. Although the image became reddish in fine lines and halftones, the line reproducibility was good and the line image was sharp and had high quality with little scattering.

[0112]

[Table 3]

[0113]

According to the present invention, a magnetic toner whose product of average particle size, magnetization and density is defined in the above range is used in the image forming method having the above-mentioned developing step, so that a simple developing device constitution is obtained. At the same time, it has become possible to provide high-quality / high-quality images without fogging.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an image forming method of the present invention (when a photoconductor and a toner carrier are not in contact with each other).

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an image forming method of the present invention (when a photoconductor and a toner carrier are in contact with each other).

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a developing device (corresponding to FIG. 1) in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a developing device (corresponding to FIG. 2) in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a developing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a developing bias (DC bias).

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a developing bias to which an AC bias component is applied.

[Explanation of symbols]

100 photosensitive drum 102 developing sleeve (toner carrier) 103 Contact blade 104 magnet roller 114 Transfer charging roller 116 cleaner 117 Primary charging roller 140 developer 141 stir bar 142 Toner coating adjustment member

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-4-156467 (JP, A) JP-A-3-95578 (JP, A) JP-A-3-41464 (JP, A) JP-A-6- 317928 (JP, A) JP-A-58-95748 (JP, A) JP-A-2-271366 (JP, A) JP-A-3-36556 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G03G 9/083

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. A photosensitive member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed on a photosensitive member by a charging unit and an image exposing unit, and a toner carrier carrying a toner layer are brought into contact with each other or face each other with a gap narrower than the toner layer. In the image forming method of transferring onto a transfer material after development, in the developing step, only the voltage existing between the image part potential and the non-image part potential on the photoconductor is applied to the toner carrier. ,
A magnetic toner is developed, the toner contains at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, the weight average particle diameter of the toner is D (μm), and the saturation magnetization amount of the toner particle in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted is M (emu /
g) and the density of the toner particles is γ (g / cm ³ ), the value S of each product (D × M × γ) is 100 to 40.
An image forming method, wherein the magnetic toner is 0. 2. The image forming method according to claim 1 , wherein the value S of the magnetic toner is 120 to 340. 3. The image forming method according to claim 1 , wherein the value S of the magnetic toner is 140 to 300. 4. The saturation magnetization σs of a magnetic material contained in the toner in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted is 20 to 50 e.
The image forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a mu / g. The image forming according to any one of claims 5] claims 1 to 4 trivalent metal other than iron in the magnetic now contained in the toner is characterized in that it is contained 2 to 20 wt% Method. 6. The weight average particle diameter (D) of the magnetic toner is
It is 4-10 micrometers, The image forming method in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 5 characterized by the above-mentioned. 7. The weight average particle diameter (D) of the magnetic toner is
Claim, characterized in that a 4.5～9Myuemu 1 to 5
The image forming method according to any one of 1. 8. The saturation magnetization amount (M) of the magnetic toner in a magnetic field of 1 k Oersted is 10.5 to 34.4 em.
The image forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a u / g. 9. A toner carrier has a magnet, and the magnetic toner is conveyed to the toner carrier by a magnetic force with a layer thickness larger than a gap between the latent image carrier and the toner carrier. the image forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that.