JP3357911B2 - Method and apparatus for decomposing organic compounds - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for detoxifying an organic compound such as dioxin using a small-scale and relatively low-cost equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, dioxins have been attracting public attention as harmful organic compounds, and a harmless treatment method has been sought as an urgent and important problem. The reason why red beetles are attracting much attention is that their source is a garbage incinerator that is closely linked to civil life. When garbage is incinerated, dioxins are generated from (1) exhaust gas from a chimney, (2) fly ash collected in a dust collector, and (3) cinders. At this time, most of dioxins are generated in a form incorporated in another solid substance. The most promising and practical method for decomposing the generated dioxins is the melt-solidification method.

[0003]

The melt-solidification method is an excellent method, but has a problem that the equipment is expensive and large. In a densely populated area, even if a sufficiently large budget is allocated to the equipment for melting and solidifying treatment, there is a garbage disposal amount corresponding to the budget. However, in depopulated areas, large-scale capital investment is generally difficult due to insufficient local government budgets.

[0004] Further, since the melt-solidification treatment equipment is large and requires a large amount of energy, large amounts of energy are consumed at the start and stop of the operation. Therefore, such large equipment is suitable for continuous operation. However,
In a depopulated area, even if such large equipment is introduced, it is necessary to operate the equipment only for a short time a day, for example, because there is not enough garbage to process the large equipment continuously for a long time. is there. As a result, most of the energy input to the facility
It is wasted in the shutdown cycle, is not effectively used for the decomposition treatment of organic compounds, and becomes extremely inefficient.

An object of the present invention is to enable an organic compound such as an organic chlorine compound to be treated by a relatively low-cost small-scale facility.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic light-emitting device which has a high utilization efficiency of energy input to the equipment even when the operation time of the equipment is short or the number of times of starting and stopping the equipment is large. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for decomposing a compound.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a decomposition method for decomposing an organic compound, wherein a target comprising at least a solid to be treated containing an organic compound is subjected to an impact impedance higher than that of the solid to be treated. Housed in a shock wave reflection container made of a material having the following, decompose the organic compound by impact-compressing the target by colliding a high-speed flying object against the target, and decomposing the target containing the decomposed organic compound. The present invention relates to a method for decomposing an organic compound, which comprises ejecting the shock wave reflecting container to the outside and reacting a reaction product by the ejection.

The present invention also relates to a decomposition apparatus for decomposing an organic compound, wherein the impact impedance is higher than the impact impedance of the solid to be treated, for accommodating a target composed of the solid to be treated containing at least the organic compound. A shock wave reflecting container made of a material having a high speed flying object at a high speed, a flying object ejecting device for causing the high speed flying object to collide with a target, and a flying object colliding with the target; The present invention relates to a device for decomposing an organic compound, comprising a recovery container for recovering a reaction product generated by ejecting a target to the outside.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to the schematic views of FIGS. First, as shown in FIG. 1, a target 2 made of a solid to be treated containing an organic compound is accommodated in a shock wave reflection container 1.

Although the organic compound is not particularly limited, it can be applied to all organic compounds harmful to the human body, and in particular, organic chlorine compounds such as dioxins are preferable. Also,
The solid to be treated contains at least an organic compound,
It may consist solely of an organic compound (in this case, the organic compound must be solid). Further, the solid to be treated may be a mixture of an organic compound and another solid such as incineration ash.

[0011] The shock wave reflecting container accommodating the target,
It must be made of a material having a higher impact impedance than the impact impedance of the solid to be treated. As a material having a high impact impedance, a material having a large specific gravity is generally preferable, and a specific gravity is preferably about 5 or more. More specifically, the shock wave reflection container is more preferably formed of a film or plate made of a metal such as stainless steel.

By hitting a high-speed vehicle against the target, the target is shock-compressed to decompose the organic compound. This step specifically includes the following three processes.

(1. First Shock Wave Propagation) As shown in FIG. 1, a high-speed flying object 4 collides with a target 2 in a shock wave reflection container 1. Then, a shock wave propagates in the target 2 inside the container 1. The speed of the flying object 4 must be high enough to cause the target to exhibit fluid behavior, but is preferably, for example, about 1 km / s or more. Due to this collision, an ultra-high pressure first shock wave is driven in the target 2 as shown by an arrow 3. 5 is a shock wave front. Due to this shock wave, the target 2 is instantaneously brought into an ultra high pressure and ultra high temperature state. In the portion where the first shock wave 3 has passed, the wall surface of the container 1 starts to be deformed, but since the specific gravity of the container is large, the container can play a role as a wall for a while due to its inertia.

(2. Multiple Reflection of Shock Wave) As shown in FIG. 2, the first shock wave propagating in the target 2A is
And propagates toward the flying object 4 as indicated by an arrow 3A. When this reflected shock wave 3A reaches the flying object 4 that is still moving, it is reflected by the flying object 4 again. At this time, the flying object is decelerated by the reflected shock wave. This process is repeated several times in the container 1, and the target 2A is in an ultra high pressure state.

(3. Stagnation state) The flying object decelerates due to multiple reflections of the shock wave, and eventually stops (FIG. 3). The state (instantaneous state) at which this flying object stops is the stagnation state (stagnation phase). At this time, the target 2B is most compressed, and its density and pressure are the highest. By this time, the organic compound in the target 2B has been decomposed. In the stagnation state, the kinetic energy of the vehicle driving the shock wave is converted into internal energy between the target and the vehicle.

In the present invention, when the stagnation state is reached, as shown in FIG. 4, the shock wave reflection container is broken, and the target inside the container is ejected to the outside.
By ejecting the target from this container, the target 2C adiabatically expands, and the temperature and density of the target 2C rapidly decrease. Thereby, re-synthesis of the organic compound chemically decomposed inside the target can be prevented. For example, since dioxin has a peak of the regeneration reaction at around 300 ° C. and around 470 ° C., the temperature of the target is promptly lowered to about 200 ° C. or less.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a decomposition apparatus according to the present invention. As described above, the flying object 4 is ejected as indicated by the arrow A from the ejection port 6a of the injection device 6 for a high-speed flying object. The target 2 and the shock wave reflection container 9 for accommodating the target are installed in the opening 10 of the collection device 7. In FIG. 5, the container 9 is illustrated as a capsule surrounding the entire surface of the target 2, but the form of the container 9 is not particularly limited. By hitting the flying object 4 against the target 2 and the container 9 in this state, the front surface 9a of the container 9 can be destroyed, and then the process shown in FIGS. Since the configuration of the injection device 6 is not directly involved in the disassembly, it is not particularly limited as long as the flying object can be injected at a high speed.

In the present invention, the chemical reaction develops during the impact compression of the target. It is considered that this is due not only to the temperature rise during the high-speed compression but also to the physical action of the shock wave front. Especially in the case of organic solid molecules, the covalent bond in the molecule has a specific direction,
Easy to take complex molecular shape. From this, it is considered that the physical effect due to the shock wave front is particularly large in the case of organic solid molecules.

In general, at a pressure of about several tens of thousands of atmospheres, the energy applied to a substance is 1 to the energy of a chemical bond.
It is smaller than an order of magnitude. Therefore, with only a pressure of about tens of thousands of atmospheres,
The effect of directly breaking chemical bonds cannot be expected. However, in the present invention, a shock wave applied to a substance at the time of shock compression reduces the intermolecular distance, and induces a reaction unique to an ultrahigh pressure state by a quantum mechanical effect by increasing the overlap of electron clouds. Seem.

As described above, according to the present invention, the organic compound in the target is decomposed by first converting the energy of the explosive or the like into the kinetic energy of the flying object and converting the kinetic energy into the internal energy of the target. As described above, by spatially separating the energy source and the target, complicated preprocessing can be omitted. In addition, it can be implemented with relatively low-cost small-scale equipment. Furthermore, even when the operating time of the equipment is short or the number of times of starting and stopping the equipment is large, the utilization efficiency of the energy input to the equipment is basically not adversely affected.

[0021]

EXAMPLES In the following, decomposition experiments were conducted using 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene as a substitute for dioxin. 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene has a chemical structure similar to dioxin, has a decomposition temperature of 700 ° C. or more like dioxin, and is low in toxicity. It is widely used as a substance.

The disassembly device shown schematically in FIG. 6 was used.
As the injection device 6, a two-stage light gas gun used in Nagoya University Department of Aerospace Engineering was used. In Nagoya University Department of Aerospace Engineering, the apparatus shown in FIG. 6 was installed in the chamber used in “Experiment on detonation waves generated around high-speed flying objects”. The holding flanges 11 and 12 were set on the product collection container 7. Each of the collection container 7 and the flanges 11 and 12 is made of stainless steel. The collection container 7 is cylindrical,
The inner space 8 has a diameter of 43 mm and a height of 40 m.
m. The thickness of the flanges 11 and 12 is 10 mm, and the diameter of the opening 10 is 25.4 mm. A 0.2 mm thick stainless steel membrane 9A is sandwiched between the flanges 11 and 12, and a 0.6 mm thick stainless steel membrane 9B is sandwiched between the flange 11 and the collection container 7. It is sandwiched. Membrane 9A, 9B and flange 11
Thus, the shock wave reflection container 1 was formed, and the target 2 was accommodated therein.

The flying object 4 is made of aluminum and has a diameter of 1 mm.
It has a cylindrical shape of 0 mm and a mass of 2.2 g. The speed of the flying object is 2.0 km / s. Target 2 is 1,
2.00 g of 3,5-trichlorobenzene and slaked lime
A mixture with 00 g was used. Slaked lime was added to accelerate the decomposition reaction and to capture chlorine generated by the decomposition.

FIG. 7 shows the results of pyrolysis gas chromatography of the reaction product recovered from the internal space 8 of the recovery container 7.
(A) shows an untreated standard sample (a trace amount of 1,3,5
FIG. 7 (b) shows the results of (a standard sample having a known concentration containing trichlorobenzene). In each chart,
The peak on the left is a signal of the impurity, which gives a reference on the horizontal axis (time axis) of the chart. The peak on the right is the signal for 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. The area of the signal on the chart indicates the amount of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene contained in the analysis sample. By comparing the analysis results between the recovered sample and the standard sample, it was found that 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene was decomposed by the present invention.

With respect to the above experimental results, the contribution of shock compression to the decomposition of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene was estimated. As a result, in the decomposition of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, the effect of the mechanical action due to compression was reduced. It was confirmed that it was remarkable.

Generally, the internal energy e of the agglomerated substance is
It is the sum of ec (interatomic coordination potential due to the work of compressing against the interatomic repulsion) and eT (thermal energy). Here, the maximum temperature Tmax that can be achieved by compression
Ec = 0 for the purpose of estimating. That is, it is assumed that the kinetic energy of the flying object is converted into the internal energy of the aggregated substance, and that the internal energy is equal to the thermal energy eT. Then, the following equation is established by the energy conservation law.

(1/2) · M (Al) · V ² = [n (A
l) · C (V, Al) + n (TCB) · C (V, TC
B) + n (Ca (OH) ₂ ) · C (V, Ca (OH)
₂ )] · (T (max) -T (ROOM))

Here, each symbol represents the following numerical value. M (Al): Mass of the Al (flight vehicle) (2.2 g) V: Speed of the flight vehicle (2.0 km / s) n (Al): mol number of Al (2.2 / 26.98 (mol)) ) C (V, Al): Constant volume molar heat capacity of Al at 600 ° C. (28.1-8.31 (J / mol · K) n (TCB): mol of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB) Number (2.00 / 181.45 mol) C (V, TCB): Constant volume molar heat capacity of TCB at 600 ° C. (substituted by the physical property value of benzene: 157.9-8.31 (J / mol · K) n ( Ca (OH) ₂ ): mol number of Ca (OH) ₂ (2.00 / 74.09 mol) C (V, Ca (OH) ₂ )]: molar heat of Ca (OH) ₂ at 600 ° C. Capacity (107.5-8.31 (J / mol · K)) T (ROOM): 25

According to this formula, the maximum temperature T (max) is 766 ° C. assuming that all the kinetic energy of the flying object has been converted to heat energy. The actual maximum temperature is expected to be much lower than 766 ° C. On the other hand, the decomposition temperature of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene is 70
0 ° C. or higher. Therefore, only by the thermal action,
Since 3,5-trichlorobenzene should not be able to decompose, the mechanical action by shock compression is 1,3,3
It was found that it significantly contributed to the decomposition of 5-trichlorobenzene. 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene particularly has a benzene ring, and since the benzene ring has a three-dimensional molecular structure in which covalent bonds are arranged in a plane, it is likely to be affected by impact compression. It is. Many organic solid substances, such as dioxins, also have aromatic rings, like 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, and are therefore also susceptible to mechanical action by shock compression.

[0030]

According to the present invention, an organic compound such as an organic chlorine compound can be decomposed by a relatively low-cost small-scale facility. Further, even when the operation time of the facility is short or the number of times of starting and stopping the facility is large, the utilization efficiency of the energy input to the facility is high.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a state where a first shock wave is propagating in a target.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a shock wave is reflected multiple times in a target.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a stagnation state.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an adiabatic expansion stage of a target.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an example of a decomposition apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a disassembly apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 (a) shows the results of gas chromatography of the product recovered in the example of the present invention, and (b)
Shows the results of gas chromatography of an untreated trace amount of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 9 Shock wave reflecting container 2 Target in first shock wave propagation stage 2A Target in multiple shock wave reflection stage 2B Target in stagnation state 2C Target in adiabatic expansion stage 3, 3A Shock wave 4 High speed vehicle 5 Shock wave surface 6 High speed vehicle launching device 7 Collection device

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B01J 3/08 A62D 3/00 C07B 35/06 C07B 61/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A decomposition method for decomposing an organic compound.
A target made of a solid to be treated containing at least an organic compound is accommodated in a shock wave reflection container made of a material having a higher impact impedance than the impact impedance of the solid to be treated, and a high-speed flying object is placed against the target. The organic compound is decomposed by colliding and impact-compressing the target, and the target containing the decomposed organic compound is ejected to the outside of the shock wave reflecting container, and a reaction product is generated by the ejection. />. A method for decomposing an organic compound. 2. The method for decomposing an organic compound according to claim 1, wherein the shock wave reflection container is installed in a collection container, and a reaction product generated by the jetting is collected in the collection container. 3. The method for decomposing an organic compound according to claim 1, wherein the organic compound is an organic chlorine compound. 4. A decomposition apparatus for decomposing an organic compound, which has a higher impact impedance than the impact impedance of the solid to be treated for accommodating at least a target composed of the solid to be treated containing the organic compound. A shock wave reflecting container made of a material, a flying object is ejected at a high speed, and the high-speed flying object collides against the target to compress the target.
Aircraft injection apparatus order to decompose the organic compound by a, and the flying object collides against the target, the reaction product formed by the and by jetting the target outside of the shock waves reflected container An apparatus for decomposing an organic compound, comprising a collection container for collection. 5. The organic compound decomposing device according to claim 4, wherein the organic compound is an organic chlorine compound.