JP3357586B2 - Abrasion-resistant film molding of sliding part and film molding method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lubrication treatment for preventing abrasion of a sliding portion, and more particularly, to a ferrous metal such as steel or cast iron, a non-ferrous metal such as aluminum or brass, a cemented carbide, or a ceramic. A sliding part made by blasting a sliding part made of a metal product made of an alloy, a powdered alloy such as a cermet, or a ceramic or plastic or a mixture thereof, and coating the surface of the sliding part with a lubricant powder. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a film molded product capable of improving abrasion resistance of a film and a molding method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Low pollution, low fuel consumption, high output, and the like are required in automobiles and the like. Particularly, direct injection has progressed, and sliding parts such as injection pumps, sliding parts of engines, and sliding parts of gear parts have been developed. Is a problem. High rotation and high speed are also required for machine tools and the like. In each case, lubrication is performed.However, the oil cannot be turned around due to high output and high speed, and the decrease in oil viscosity due to the high output increases friction at start-up, causing a failure at the initial stage. Has become. Conventionally, in a sliding portion, in order to prevent wear of the surface of the sliding portion, the hardness of the material of the product is improved by heat treatment such as quenching, carburizing, nitriding, or cutting with a machine tool such as a lathe and a milling machine. In addition, mechanical processing such as grinding and polishing has been performed to improve the surface roughness of the sliding portion. Further, an oil film is formed on the surface of the sliding portion by an oiling method such as an oil bath method, a droplet method, a dropping method, a circulation method, and a spraying method to prevent wear of the sliding portion. Various developments have been made, such as developing a method for effectively forming an oil film on the surface of a sliding portion in the method, or improving a component of lubricating oil to prevent oil film breakage.

Further, in order to improve the lubricating oil holding ability on the surface of the sliding portion, the surface of the sliding portion is subjected to scraping, cross polishing, etc. to form a concave portion serving as an oil reservoir on the surface of the sliding portion. I've been. In addition, spring processing, flat spring,
This is a processing method in which the surface of the sliding portion is shaved little by little with a piece such as a piece. The cross polishing is a method in which the feed speed of the honing is increased by using a honing machine, and the surface of the sliding portion is cross-honed and polished.

Further, as a lubrication treatment method for chemically forming a film on the surface of the sliding portion, there are a bondy treatment, a defric coating, a lubricating, and various metal plating methods.

[0005] Bonding is a method of improving the wear resistance by performing a forging process, a drawing process, or the like as a lubricant, and immersing the same in a chemical solution such as zinc phosphate to form a film on the surface.

[0006] In the defric coating, a sliding part of an automobile is coated with molybdenum disulfide or the like by baking or the like after a base treatment.

[0007] Lubrite has a sulfur bath formed on the surface of a sliding part of an automobile in a salt bath furnace.

[0008]

The conventional method for preventing abrasion of a sliding portion has the following problems.

(1) If the hardness of the surface of the sliding portion is increased by heat treatment, distortion occurs in the sliding portion, and it takes a lot of time to correct the distortion, or a defective product that cannot be corrected. There was a problem that occurred.

Further, when the hardness of the surface of the base material or the sliding portion of the article to be treated is increased by heat treatment such as quenching, carburizing or nitriding, the toughness is reduced and the material becomes brittle, so that there is a problem that pitting occurs. For example, when the product to be processed is a gear, a pitching phenomenon occurs at the cutting edge corner of the gear that is the sliding portion.

(2) The above-described refueling method has a problem that the cost increases if the apparatus becomes complicated.

(3) In the method of forming an oil sump on the surface of the sliding portion by a fusing method, if the hardness of the surface of the sliding portion is too high, it becomes difficult to perform the filing process.
Heat treatment or the like cannot be performed to increase the hardness of the surface of the product, and there is a limit to the improvement in wear resistance. Therefore, when the sliding portion slides for a long time, there is a problem that the oil pool of the sliding portion is worn or deformed and the oil film tends to be broken. Further, depending on the state of wear of the sliding portion, it is necessary to adjust the sliding portion or replace the product itself.

In addition, since the number of oil pools is small in the piercing process, if the sliding portion is slid for a long time, the oil film will be broken, so that the lubricating oil must be replaced or replenished periodically.

(4) Regarding the machined surface formed by machining such as cutting, grinding, polishing, etc., regardless of the magnitude of the surface roughness, concave portions having uneven cross-sectional shapes are formed in a streak shape at an acute angle. When the lubricating oil is supplied to the product and the product slides, the lubricating oil flows to the sharp end portion of the concave portion due to the capillary pressure due to the surface pressure at the time of sliding, thereby causing a problem that the oil film is cut. Was. This problem also occurs in cloth polishing.

(5) The above-mentioned lubrication treatment method for chemically forming a film on the surface often uses harmful chemicals, which causes a problem of poor working environment, and harmful substances generated during the film treatment. There are problems such as environmental pollution by steam and high cost of the pollution treatment equipment.

The present invention has been developed to solve the problem of obliqueness. The surface of a sliding portion is coated with a lubricant powder by a blast method, and the surface is slid by a low-pollution and low-cost coating method. It is an object of the present invention to provide an abrasion-resistant film molded product of a sliding portion and a method of forming the film, which can suppress abrasion in a moving portion and improve the life.

[0017]

To achieve the above object, according to the Invention The abrasion coating moldings of the sliding portion of the present invention, the metallic product or ceramic or the surface of the sliding portion consisting of a mixture thereof And an element in the composition of the lubricant powder is diffused and infiltrated.

Further, the molding method of the molded product, metallic product or ceramic or the surface of the sliding portion consisting of a mixture thereof, the lubricant powder ejection speed 80 m / sec or more or injection pressure 0.3MPa It is characterized by being sprayed and diffusing and penetrating the elements in the composition of the lubricant powder.

The lubricant powder refers to a powder of a metal having a lubricating action, for example, zinc, molybdenum disulfide, tin, and the like. Larger than 80μm and average particle size 300μm
It contains the following metal powder.

The average particle diameter is represented by the average of the average diameter of the largest particle and the average diameter of the 30th particle from the largest particle.

For example, in the case of fine powder having an average particle size of 80 μm, the average particle size of the largest particle is 171 μm or less, the 30th particle from the largest particle has an average size of 120 μm or less, and the average of the average particle size is 87.5 to 73.5 μm. (JlSR6001).

When the lubricant powder is injected onto the surface of the sliding portion at a high injection speed, the change in the speed before and after the collision of the lubricant powder depends on the coefficient of restitution of the sliding portion and the lubricant powder. However, the speed after the collision decreases. Most of this change in speed is converted to thermal energy by the law of energy invariance, and heat is exchanged only in the deformed portion where the lubricant powder has collided. Occurs locally near the surface of

Also, since the temperature rise is proportional to the speed of the lubricant powder before collision, increasing the injection speed of the lubricant powder may increase the temperature of the lubricant powder and the surface of the sliding portion. Can be. At this time, since the lubricant powder is heated on the surface of the sliding portion, it is considered that elements in the lubricant powder are activated and adsorbed on the surface of the sliding portion to diffuse and permeate. Even if there is no lattice diffusion due to the rising temperature of the body, or at least the lubricant powder is heated, even if there is no temperature rise in the sliding part, one or two of surface diffusion and grain boundary diffusion are made, and lubrication occurs. It is considered that an agent coating layer is formed to prevent wear of the sliding portion.

Therefore, the wear-resistant coating formed on the sliding portion and the method of forming the coating according to the present invention are different from the conventional anti-wear means in that the lubricant powder when the lubricant powder collides with the sliding portion is used. The present invention relates to prevention of abrasion of a sliding portion due to a coating film formed by diffusion and infiltration of elements in a lubricant powder into a sliding portion due to a rise in temperature of a body or a sliding portion.

Taking the diffusion infiltration plating which is generally performed as an example and describing it in more detail, for example, when the metal product A is buried in the metal powder B and diffused at the temperature t, the carburization becomes mainly C
It is mainly performed from metal vapor generated from the metal powder B, or metal halide vapor generated by the reaction between the metal powder and the additive, as performed from the O gas. Considering carburization as an example in order to consider diffusion and infiltration in the process of the present invention, a physical material such that CO gas can be easily removed on the surface of an iron-based metal product simply by external force, heating or other physical methods. Is just a matter of adhesion
e and CO cannot react with each other, but when heat or other energy is applied over a certain amount, CO gas becomes F
Activated adsorption on the surface. The activated adsorbed CO
The gas thermally dissociates into carbon dioxide and carbon. It is believed that the carbon produced by this reaction diffuses into the Fe lattice and causes carburization. In addition to carbon diffusion, surface diffusion (diffusion along the surface) and grain boundary diffusion (diffusion that progresses along the grain boundaries), generally in the form of one element diffusing in a metal And lattice diffusion (diffusion that proceeds while sewing in a crystal lattice). Lattice diffusion is only when both the element and the metal form a solid solution. When neither the element nor the metal forms a solid solution, only surface diffusion or grain boundary diffusion is performed.

In consideration of the above-mentioned conventional phenomenon of diffusion permeation, it is considered that the diffusion permeation in the process of the present invention is performed in the sliding portion as follows.

For example, when the lubricant powder is sprayed onto the surface of the sliding portion at an injection speed of 80 m / sec or more or at an injection pressure of 0.3 MPa or more, and collides with the surface of the sliding portion, the powder bounces off. Become.

The ratio of the speed before the collision and the speed after the collision, that is, the coefficient of restitution depends on the material hardness of the sliding portion, but if the speed before the collision is V ₁ and the speed after the collision is V ₂ , the lost kinetic energy that decrease energy Ee is when the weight of the lubricant powder is W, the Ee = [W / 2 g] ^{_{× (V 1 2 -V 2 2}} ). When the coefficient of restitution and e, because the _{V 2 = V 1 × e,} Ee = [W / 2 g] ^{_{× V 1 2 (1-e}} 2) 0 <e <1 the reduced energy Ee is the energy invariant laws Therefore, in addition to sound, most of it is converted to heat energy.
The thermal energy is considered to be internal friction due to deformation of the colliding portion with the sliding portion at the time of the collision. However, since the heat exchange is performed only at the deformed portion where the lubricant powder collides, the temperature becomes partially high. At this time, since the lubricant powder is heated on the surface of the sliding portion, the elements in the lubricant powder are activated and adsorbed on the sliding portion,
It is thought to diffuse and permeate. In this case, it is considered that lattice diffusion is performed depending on the temperature of the lubricant powder and the rising temperature of the sliding portion, or the lubricant powder is heated and is subjected to surface diffusion or surface diffusion and grain boundary diffusion to the sliding portion. .

[0029] Since reduced energy Ee (heat energy) is proportional to the weight W and the velocity V ₁ ^2, the larger the weight W and speed V ₁ is a decrease energy Ee is greater, the sliding in the case of the present invention The purpose is not to heat and heat the surface of the sliding part, but rather to lubricate the lubricant powder and activate and adsorb it to the surface of the sliding part. To be heated, it is not a heavy shot but a particle size of 300 μm to 30 μm
m must be a powdery shot or lubricant powder. Therefore, in order to heat and heat the surface of the sliding portion, it is necessary to use a shot having a hardness higher than the surface hardness of the sliding portion, but the lubricant powder may be heated for the above-described reason. Therefore, the lubricant powder does not necessarily have to have a hardness higher than the surface hardness of the sliding portion.

When zinc metal powder is sprayed as a lubricant powder on the sliding portion, a zinc coating layer is formed, which can be used in place of a bonding process such as forging or drawing. When the sliding portion is made of metal,
When a low melting point, low hardness lubricating metal powder is sprayed, a metal coating is easily formed. When the sliding part is made of a resin, when a lubricant powder such as an oxide or a sulfide is sprayed, heat is generated on the surface of the resin, and bites into and adheres to the inside, and a film of an oxide or a sulfide is formed on the resin surface. It is formed.

[0031]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[Blasting Apparatus] The blasting apparatus of the embodiment is an air type direct pressure type blasting apparatus and a gravity type blasting apparatus. However, if it is an air type, a suction type siphon type or another blasting apparatus may be used. good. Hereinafter, the direct pressure type blast device will be described.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 51 denotes a cabinet of a blasting device 50, which has a charging port 53 for charging a product to be processed, and injects abrasives such as shots onto the product to be processed through the charging port 53. An injection nozzle 52 is provided in the cabinet 51.

A hopper 58 is provided below the cabinet 51, and the lowermost end of the hopper 58 communicates with an upper portion of a collection tank 40 for collecting abrasives installed near the cabinet 51 via a conduit 55. .

The recovery tank 40 is a so-called cyclone.
A device for separating dust from abrasive material, as shown in FIG. 1, a tank comprising a cylindrical portion 41 having a cylindrical shape at an upper portion, and a conical portion 42 having a conical shape gradually narrowing downward at a lower portion. Then, an inlet 43 is provided on the upper side wall of the cylindrical portion 41 of the recovery tank 40, and a conduit 55 is connected to the inlet 43 via a communication pipe 45. The axial direction of the communication pipe 45 is tangential to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical portion 41 having a circular cross section.
The airflow that has flowed into the space 0 descends while rotating along the inner wall of the cylindrical portion 41.

The lower end of the conical portion 42 of the collection tank 40 is connected to the tank 4 for feeding the abrasive through a dump valve 46.
The tank 47 is provided at its lower end with an abrasive adjuster 48 at the lower end of the tank 47 for adjusting the amount of abrasive abrasive injected from the injection nozzle 52. And is in communication with the injection nozzle 52.

The feature of the direct pressure type blast device is that when compressed air is fed into the tank 47, the abrasive is sent together with the compressed air by the compressed air from the abrasive adjuster 48 at the lower part of the tank 47, and the inside of the pipe 54 is fed. The abrasive is fed toward the injection nozzle 52, and the abrasive is injected from the injection nozzle 52 together with the compressed air to the product to be processed in the cabinet 51.

The dump valve 46 is configured to move up and down by the operation of an electromagnetic valve linked to a foot switch or a micro switch (not shown), and to open and close the collection tank 40 and the tank 47 by the up and down movement of the dump valve 46. ing. When the foot switch or the micro switch is actuated, the dump valve 46 is raised to shut off the space between the collection tank 40 and the tank 47, and at the same time, the tank 47 is filled with the compressed air, and the abrasive in the tank 47 is suppressed by the compressed air. Then, the compressed air and the abrasive are mixed appropriately in the abrasive adjuster 48, and the spray nozzle 5 passes through a pipe (not shown) through an abrasive supply port 49.
Injected from 2.

Next, when the switch is returned to the original position, the dump valve 46 is lowered to open the space between the recovery tank 40 and the tank 47, and the compressed air in the tank 47 escapes into the recovery tank 40, and the pressure in the tank 47 becomes atmospheric pressure. become. Immediately before the pressure in the tank 47 becomes the atmospheric pressure, when the dump valve 46 is lowered, the injection of the abrasive from the injection nozzle 52 is stopped immediately, and at the same time, the abrasive accumulated at the bottom of the collection tank 40 falls into the tank 47 at a stretch. .

On the other hand, a connecting pipe 44 is provided substantially at the center of the upper end wall of the recovery tank 40, and this connecting pipe 44
7, and communicates with the dust collector 56.

The dust collector 56 rotates the air blower 59 to discharge the air in the dust collector 56 to the outside air. The air blower 59 causes the cabinet 5 of the blast device 50
1. Since the pressure inside the conduit 55 and the recovery tank 40 becomes negative pressure, and the compressed air supplied from the compressor (not shown) is injected from the injection nozzle 52 together with the abrasive, the conduit 55 and the recovery tank are sequentially provided from the cabinet 51. 40, an air current flows to the dust collector 56.

[Embodiment 1] Using the above-mentioned blasting device 50, a drawing material to be treated is introduced into the barrel 64 in the cabinet 51 from the introduction port 53, and the abrasive is removed under the processing conditions shown in Table 1. The blast processing was performed by spraying from the spray nozzle 52 to the surface of the processed product.

The abrasive is a lubricant powder composed of a metal component of zinc having an average particle diameter of 100 μm. The lubricant is charged into the recovery tank 40, and the lubricant powder falls into the tank 47.
The barrel 64 is a basket-shaped container having an opening, and is provided in the cabinet 51 so as to be rotatable with the opening of the barrel 64 facing obliquely upward, and is rotated at a speed of 4 revolutions per minute by a reduction motor 67. When compressed air is fed into the tank 47 from a compressed air supply source (not shown), the zinc lubricant powder is fed together with the compressed air by the compressed air from the abrasive controller 48 below the tank 47 as described above. ,
The liquid is supplied to an injection nozzle 52 having a nozzle diameter of 5 mm through a pipe 54, and zinc lubricant powder is injected from the injection nozzle 52 together with compressed air to a drawing material in a barrel 64.

When the zinc lubricant powder collides with the surface of the drawing material, zinc of the lubricant powder adheres to the surface of the drawing material, and the zinc diffuses and permeates into the drawing material.

[0045]

[Table 1]

Next, after a zinc coating layer of about 5 μm was formed on the surface of the drawing material in Example 1, drawing was performed with a drawing die. I got it.

Embodiment 2

[0048]

[Table 2]

Next, after a zinc coating layer of about 10 μm was formed on the surface of the forged material in Example 2, cold forging was performed. As a result, seizure did not occur and an effect as a lubricant was obtained. did it.

The above Examples 1 and 2 were possible as an alternative to the conventional bonding and lubrication processing methods in drawing and forging, and the working environment was good.

[Embodiment 3]

[0052]

[Table 3]

Next, in Example 3, 2
When molybdenum sulfide powder was sprayed and bite and adhered to the resin surface, the effect of the solid lubricant was obtained, the life was greatly extended, and the wear resistance was improved. In addition, a silencing effect was obtained.

Embodiment 4

[0055]

[Table 4]

In the method for preventing abrasion of a sliding part of a metal product (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-18873), the surface of the sliding part of the metal product has a hardness equal to or higher than that of the metal product and has a substantially spherical shape. Shot speed of 50m / sec for ~ 200μm shot
The temperature of the surface of the metal product is increased above the A3 transformation point for iron-based metal products or above the recrystallization temperature for non-ferrous metal products. After being treated by a method for preventing abrasion of a sliding part of a metal product, which is characterized by forming an oil reservoir consisting of an infinite number of concave portions having a minute substantially arcuate cross section on the surface, a surface of about 5 μm When the tin coating layer was formed, abrasion due to the initial running out of oil could be prevented, and the service life could be drastically extended. In addition, the oil was less contaminated, and a noise reduction effect was obtained.

FIG. 4 shows a photograph in which tin as a lubricant powder is subjected to nitriding treatment after the above-described treatment according to the present invention on substantially half of the surface of the product to be treated. Although a nitrided layer is formed on the untreated surface of the present invention, nitridation does not occur on the treated surface, and in consideration of the surface coating as a measure for preventing nitridation, tin diffuses and penetrates into the surface of the product to be treated according to the present invention. Can be confirmed.

In recent years, the viscosity of transmission oil and the like has been reduced for the purpose of increasing the output in the automobile industry, and the flow of oil to the pan when the engine is stopped causes initial failure. As a preventive measure, there is a formation of a concave portion on the surface of the sliding portion, but the formation of the concave portion alone does not provide an effect in a state where the initial oil is not flowing, and the tin coating layer becomes a solid lubricant by the treatment of the present invention, Prevent wear.

Embodiment 5

[0060]

[Table 5]

In the same manner as in the fourth embodiment, after the metal component is treated by the method for preventing the sliding portion from being worn, in the fifth embodiment, about 3
When a tin coating layer having a thickness of μm was formed, abrasion due to running out of oil could be prevented.

In a motorcycle race or the like, the addition of a liquid lubricant to gasoline is prohibited and the life of the piston is shortened, and replacement for each race is required. Instead of the addition, the wear resistance of the piston can be improved.

[0063]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

(1) An inexpensive blast device for mechanical equipment
In addition, the metal coating treatment was performed in a short time, and the wear resistance of the sliding portion was improved.

(2) Low pollution. In the conventional method for preventing abrasion by metal coating treatment, in addition to the relatively expensive equipment, there is a problem of environmental pollution due to harmful vapor generated at the time of metal coating treatment using harmful chemicals.

(3) The abrasion-resistant film-formed product of the sliding portion and the method of forming the film according to the present invention can prevent an initial failure due to a decrease in oil viscosity due to an increase in output of an automobile.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a blast device used in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a blast device used in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a detailed view showing the inside of a cabinet of the blast device used in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a photograph taken by a spectroscope using a processed product as a test piece in Example 4 of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 40 Collection tank 41 Cylindrical part 42 Conical part 43 Inflow port 44 Connecting pipe 45 Communication pipe 46 Dump valve 47 Tank 48 Abrasive material adjuster 50 Blast device 51 Cabinet 52 Injection nozzle 53 Input port 54 Pipe 55 Duct 56 Dust collector 57 Drain pipe 58 Hopper 59 Air blower 64 Barrel 67 Reduction motor

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] To 1. A metallic product or ceramic or the surface of the sliding portion consisting of a mixture thereof, the sliding portion, characterized by comprising an element in the composition of the lubricant powder by cementation Abrasion resistant film molding. Wherein the metallic product or ceramic or the surface of the sliding portion consisting of a mixture thereof, the injection speed 8 lubricant powder
A method for forming an abrasion-resistant film, characterized by injecting at an injection pressure of 0 m / sec or more or an injection pressure of 0.3 Mpa or more to diffuse and infiltrate an element in a composition of a lubricant powder.