JP3356673B2 - Multi-layer plain bearing - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plain bearing, for example, to an aluminum-based multilayer plain bearing used for an internal combustion engine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, for example, the following has been disclosed as a plain bearing comprising a back metal, an aluminum bearing alloy layer and an aluminum or aluminum alloy intermediate layer laminated.

That is, the one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-11182 has a thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm.
The composition of the bearing alloy on the surface of 15 mm is Sn: 1.
5 to 35% by weight, Cr: 0.1 to 1% by weight, Pb,
Total of one or two or more of Bi and In: 5% by weight or less and total of one or two of Cu: 0 to 2% by weight and Mg: 0 to 3% by weight: 3% by weight And S
i, Mn, Sb, Ti, Ni, Fe, Zr, Mo, Co
Of one or more of the following: 0.1 to 3% by weight
And a bearing alloy layer substantially consisting of Al,
u: 0 to 2% by weight, Mg: 0 to 3% by weight, total of one or two: 3% by weight or less, Cr: 0 to 1% by weight
And a composite sliding material formed by laminating an aluminum alloy intermediate layer whose balance is substantially Al, and a back metal steel sheet.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 60-36641 discloses that the component composition of a bearing alloy layer is as follows.
Si: 1 to 11% by weight, Sn: 8 to 35% by weight, Cu:
0.2 to 3% by weight, with the balance being substantially Al;
A flat bearing composite strip comprising a metal backing made of steel and including a layer of aluminum or an aluminum alloy between the metal backing and the bearing alloy layer.

Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 61-79023 discloses a back metal, Sn: 3-35.
% By weight and Cr: 0.1 to 10% by weight, and Si, M
n, Sb, Ti, Zr, Ni, Fe, Nb, V, Mo,
One or more of Co, and the total amount of this additional element and Cr: 10% by weight or less, and one or both of Cu and Mg in a total amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight. Pb, Bi, T containing up to 9% by weight in total
a lining layer made of an aluminum bearing alloy having a high high-temperature hardness containing one or more of l, Cd, and In; and a lining layer interposed between the back metal and the lining layer and having a higher-temperature hardness than the lining layer. This is a bearing material provided with an intermediate layer made of small aluminum or an aluminum alloy containing one or both of Cu and Mg in a total amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight.

[0006]

However, in the composite sliding material disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-11182, the low melting point metal Sn is as large as 15% by weight or more, and the soft phase Sn Regardless of the form, there is a problem that the load resistance is insufficient due to the large proportion of the contained soft phase.

Further, a composite strip for a flat bearing disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-36641 discloses an Al-
Although the fatigue resistance was improved as compared with the bearing material composed of 20% by weight of Sn-1% by weight of Cu, the presence of Sn in the form of a mesh and the majority of Si particles were contained in the Sn phase, which is a low melting point metal. However, there is a problem that it is not possible to sufficiently cope with a demand for a high load.

Further, in the bearing material disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-79023, the intermediate layer having a low high-temperature hardness acts as a cushioning material for the lining layer having a high high-temperature hardness. When a load is applied, displacement occurs in the intermediate layer with small high-temperature hardness,
In the worst case, crack peeling occurs, and there is a problem that the weakest part may be broken.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and is suitable as, for example, a slide bearing used in an internal combustion engine. It is an object to provide a multi-layer plain bearing which is capable of bearing.

[0010]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high-load aluminum-based multi-layer plain bearing, comprising: a back metal;
More than 1 and less than 5% by weight of Si and more than 0.2 and 2
Less than 0.05% by weight of Cu and less than 1% by weight of Cr
A bearing alloy layer made of an aluminum bearing alloy whose balance is substantially Al, and interposed between the backing metal and the bearing alloy layer, containing more than 0.05 and less than 1% by weight of Cr,
In addition to Al and Cr, 0.25% by weight or less of Si, 0.40% by weight or less of Fe, 0.05% by weight or less of Cu, Mn
0.05% by weight or less, Mg 0.05% by weight or less, Z
An aluminum alloy intermediate layer containing 0.05% by weight or less of n and 0.03% by weight or less of Ti is laminated.

In the embodiment of the high-load aluminum-based multi-layer plain bearing according to the present invention, the aluminum alloy in the bearing alloy layer is more than 0 and less than 0.1 by weight. % Sr is characterized in that the Si particles are spheroidized.

Similarly, in an embodiment of the high-load aluminum-based multilayer plain bearing according to the present invention, as described in claim 3, the aluminum alloy of the bearing alloy layer is composed of Mn, Ni, Fe, Sb, or Mn. Zr, V, Ti, B,
It is characterized in that one or more of Co and Mo are contained in a total amount of more than 0 and less than 1% by weight.

[0013] Similarly, in an embodiment of the high-load aluminum-based multi-layer plain bearing according to the present invention, the aluminum bearing alloy of the bearing alloy layer is one of In and Bi. Alternatively, it is characterized in that two kinds are contained in a total amount of more than 0 to 5% by weight or less.

Similarly, in an embodiment of the high-load aluminum-based multi-layer plain bearing according to the present invention, the aluminum bearing alloy of the bearing alloy layer exceeds Pb by more than 0 and 5 or less by weight. %.

Similarly, in an embodiment of the high-load aluminum-based multi-layer plain bearing according to the present invention, as described in claim 6, the In, Bi, Sb, and Sb are formed on a bearing alloy layer made of an aluminum bearing alloy. One or two or more of Cu and Ag are characterized by further having an overlay in which the total amount is less than 30% by weight (including 0) and the balance is substantially Sn.

[0016]

According to the present invention, the component composition of the bearing alloy layer made of an aluminum bearing alloy is optimized for a high load, and the role of the intermediate layer, that is, an intermediate layer that secures necessary and sufficient adhesion and load resistance, It is a very good plain bearing.

For this purpose, first, Sn, which is a soft phase, must be less than 15% by weight in order to achieve a very high load bearing capacity as a component composition of the bearing alloy layer. On the other hand, if Sn is less than 5% by weight, the seizure resistance becomes poor. And desirably, Sn is 7 to 13% by weight.

Si is an essential element to be added because it is advantageous to increase the content because Si improves wear resistance and seizure resistance. The content of Si is more than 1% by weight. Since the frequency of occurrence of cracks increases, the content is limited to less than 5% by weight due to manufacturing restrictions. And preferably S
i: 2 to 4% by weight.

Further, in order to make the precipitation form of the Si particles spherical, Sr of more than 0 and less than 0.1% by weight may be added.

Cu is added in the range of more than 0.2 and less than 2% by weight depending on the target of the high load level in order to adjust the strength of the aluminum bearing alloy base. And desirably, Cu is 0.5 to 1.5% by weight.

Cr is added for the same effect as that of the intermediate layer. That is, as shown in FIG.
r can greatly increase the strength without significantly impairing the elongation at break, and can improve the energy value described later.
Then, the effect of improving the energy value starts to appear.
If it exceeds 1% by weight, the addition of 1% by weight or more is not preferable because the precipitation of intermetallic compounds with other elements becomes excessive and the energy value decreases. And desirably, Cr is 0.1 to 0.7% by weight.

Mn, Ni, Fe, Sb, Zr, V, T
i, B, Co, and Mo are elements useful for strengthening the substrate by the precipitation and strengthening the substrate by refining the crystal grains.

In and Bi can be added as needed for the purpose of increasing seizure resistance. However, if the amount is large, the effect of high load is canceled out. You.

Pb is a component that increases seizure resistance,
When lead can be added, it is desirable to add lead in a range of more than 0 and 5% by weight or less, which does not cancel the effect of high load, as needed.

Next, regarding the intermediate layer, the intermediate layer of the multilayer plain bearing plays a very important role. One is a role as an adhesion layer for firmly joining the bearing alloy layer and the back metal, and the other is a role as a structural layer of a base supporting a load.

Regarding the role as the first adhesion layer, pure aluminum is most preferable in order to easily join both the aluminum bearing alloy and the back metal. Also, as a joining method, since roll pressing is usually performed, a large spreadability is required so that a lot of active new surfaces are exposed. Therefore, high-purity aluminum is desirable for the adhesion layer.

On the other hand, as for the role as the second structural layer, it is necessary that it is not deformed greatly by a small load or easily broken. For this reason, if it is too soft or too strong but too fragile, the purpose of the intermediate layer for high load cannot be achieved.

That is, a structural layer having high toughness is required. Therefore, there is an energy value as an index of a strong and sticky property. This energy value is defined as a value obtained by integrating the load when a material undergoes a tensile test with the displacement up to failure.

Normally, even if the strength is increased by adding an element such as Mg to the aluminum material in an increased amount, the elongation at break is significantly impaired more than the rate of increase in the strength, so that the energy value is rather reduced. That is, the energy value does not increase when the breaking elongation is small even when the strength is high, and does not increase when the strength is low even when the breaking elongation is large. Therefore,
The maximum value of the energy value is obtained only when the strength and the elongation at break are balanced.

Therefore, when the composition for increasing the energy value was intensively investigated, it was confirmed that Cr can greatly increase the strength without significantly impairing the elongation at break. In this case, when the content is 0.05% by weight or less, the energy value increases. Since the effect is poor and the energy value increased so far when added at 1% by weight or more, the preferred Cr content in the aluminum alloy intermediate layer is more than 0.05 and less than 1% by weight.
It is.

Therefore, the necessary adhesion is ensured by increasing the purity of aluminum as much as possible for adhesion, and a small amount of Cr is added as a structure for high load, and the energy value is increased without impairing the elongation at break. By doing so, it can sufficiently serve as an intermediate layer of the high-load multi-layer plain bearing.

In addition, the intermediate layer is required to have a high mechanical strength at the interface with the bearing alloy layer on the surface layer. In other words, it has been found that among these mechanical properties, those having particularly good elastic modulus consistency have excellent impact resistance. From these findings, it was confirmed that when a small amount of Cr was added to the intermediate layer, the elastic modulus was dramatically improved (see Table 6 shown below). It was found that the elongation at break was not impaired, and that it was an ideal element as an additive element for the intermediate layer.

Further, in addition to the above Cr, the aluminum alloy intermediate layer contains 0.25% by weight or less of Si,
Is 0.40% by weight or less, Cu is 0.05% by weight or less, M
n is 0.05% by weight or less, Mg is 0.05% by weight or less,
It is allowed that Zn is contained in an amount of 0.05% by weight or less and Ti is contained in an amount of 0.03% by weight or less. Specifically, alloy number 10 specified in JIS H 4000 containing Cr as described above
The 50th pure aluminum alloy material can be exemplified. If such an aluminum alloy is the base, the elongation at break required for the adhesion layer is ensured. However, alloy number 1050
The aluminum material itself has the above-mentioned problem and is not a target of the intermediate layer of the present invention.

In the plain bearing according to the present invention, In, B and B are formed on a bearing alloy layer made of an aluminum bearing alloy.
One or more of i, Sb, Cu, and Ag are less than 30% by weight (including 0) in total, and the balance is substantially Sn.
By further providing the overlay, the durability of the sliding bearing can be further improved. In this case, In, Bi, S
If the total amount of b, Cu, and Ag is too large, the temperature at which the liquid phase becomes lower or considerably higher than the operating temperature of the sliding bearing, and the purpose of overlaying cannot be achieved.
Desirably, it is less than 0% by weight.

Although the conventional intermediate layer has been focused on softness for good adhesion and cushioning properties, the intermediate layer of the present invention intended for high load has a tolerance of up to breakage. The idea was changed to increase the energy value and match the elastic modulus with the bearing alloy.

Therefore, since the intermediate layer desirably has properties balanced with the bearing alloy layer, it is preferable that the amount of Cr added to the intermediate layer be balanced with the amount of Cr in the combined bearing alloy layer.

[0037]

EXAMPLES First, an aluminum bearing alloy having the composition shown in Tables 1 and 2 was cast as a 25 mm-thick plate by continuous casting, and the upper and lower surfaces of each cast billet were cut by 1 mm. It was rolled to a thickness of 13 mm by rolling.

In this state, rolling distortion was removed by annealing at 300 ° C. Then, a 1.2 mm-thick wrought product made of an aluminum alloy for an intermediate layer having a component composition shown in Table 3 was prepared as shown in Tables 1 and 2. Roll contact with one side of the activated aluminum bearing alloy in the combination shown in the column of
m to a thickness of m.

[0039]

[Table 1]

[0040]

[Table 2]

[0041]

[Table 3]

The resulting aluminum bearing alloy sheet with an intermediate layer was annealed at 300 ° C., the surface of the intermediate layer was activated with a wire brush, the surface was degreased, and one side was activated by belt grinding. A 1.8 mm cold-rolled steel plate (back metal) was roll-welded at a total reduction of 43%, and then subjected to final annealing at 350 ° C. to obtain a 1.6 mm-thick multilayer plain bearing material.

On the other hand, as a comparative material, Table 2
And the intermediate layer having a composition of ratio 1 and ratio 2 of the identification number shown in FIG.
A multilayer plain bearing material was obtained in the same manner as in the example of the present invention except that 50 pure aluminum thin plates and the intermediate layer a shown in Table 3 were used.

Next, the combinations shown in Table 5 were selected from the obtained multilayer plain bearing materials, and each bearing material was processed into a semi-cylindrical plain bearing.
In No. 2, the overlays shown in Table 5 were applied, and thereafter,
A load-bearing test was performed on each slide bearing.

The elastic coefficients of the intermediate layer alloy and the bearing alloy were as shown in Table 6.

The above load resistance test uses a mechanism that applies a variable load due to the deflection of the rotating shaft to the sliding bearing, and the shaft strongly contacts both ends in the axial direction of the bearing (a phenomenon called edge load). . Therefore, when the bearing is strong but brittle, cracks and peeling occur at the edges, and when the intermediate layer is soft, cracks occur when the edges are displaced in the axial direction and can not withstand deformation. is there.

The load-bearing test conditions are as shown in Table 4 below.

[0048]

[Table 4]

[0049]

[Table 5]

[0050]

[Table 6]

Table 5 shows the percentage of no damage due to cracking or peeling at the end of such severe tests in terms of durability (%).

As shown in the column of "Durability" in Table 5, the sliding bearings of the embodiments of the present invention all have a durability of 70% or more.

On the other hand, in the plain bearings of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the bearing alloy layer contains 0.3% by weight of Cr and contains 30% of Sn.
%, But not only the intermediate layer made of pure aluminum (alloy No. 1050), but also the intermediate layer containing 0.3% by weight of Cr, cracks or peels off in less than several hundred hours, The durability was 0%. This indicates that when the bearing alloy contains a large amount of Sn, no matter what the intermediate layer is, it cannot withstand a high load.

Although the bearing alloys of the sliding bearings of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 do not contain Cr, the weight of Cr is 0.3 weight compared to that of the sliding bearing using pure aluminum (alloy No. 1050) for the intermediate layer. %, The durability of the sliding bearing using the intermediate layer containing the same is three times better, but still less than half that of the sliding bearing of the present invention.

From the above, it has been found that a great effect can be exhibited only when the bearing alloy layer and the intermediate layer are combined in the range of the present invention.

[0056]

In the multilayer plain bearing according to the present invention, as described in claim 1, at least 5 and less than 15% by weight of Sn and more than 1 and less than 5% by weight of Si
And more than 0.2 and less than 2% by weight of Cu and more than 0.05 and 1
A bearing alloy layer made of an aluminum bearing alloy containing less than 0.5% by weight of Cr and having a balance of substantially Al, and being interposed between the backing metal and the bearing alloy layer, and containing more than 0.05 and less than 1% by weight of Cr; In addition to Al and Cr, 0.25% by weight or less of Si, 0.40% by weight or less of Fe, 0.05% by weight or less of Cu, 0.05% by weight or less of Mn, and 0.05% of Mg
% By weight, 0.05% by weight or less of Zn, and 0.1% by weight of Ti.
Since the aluminum alloy intermediate layer containing not more than 03% by weight is laminated, the characteristics of the intermediate layer can be remarkably improved, and therefore, it is possible to sufficiently cope with a demand for a high load. Thus, a remarkably excellent effect that it is possible to provide a high-surface-pressure aluminum-based plain bearing having excellent durability can be provided.

And, as described in claim 2,
Aluminum alloy of bearing alloy layer is more than 0 and 0.1
By making the Si particles spherical with less than Swt% of Sr, a remarkably excellent effect that the toughness of the bearing alloy layer can be further improved can be brought about.

Further, as described in claim 3, the aluminum alloy of the bearing alloy layer is made of Mn, Ni, F.
one of e, Sb, Zr, V, Ti, B, Co, and Mo
By including one or more kinds in a total amount of more than 0 and less than 1% by weight, a remarkably excellent effect that the bearing alloy layer can be further strengthened can be obtained.

Further, as described in claim 4,
The seizure resistance of the bearing alloy layer is further increased by making the aluminum alloy of the bearing alloy layer contain one or two of In and Bi in a total amount of more than 0 and 5 or less by weight. A remarkably excellent effect is obtained.

Still further, as described in claim 5, the aluminum bearing alloy of the bearing alloy layer contains Pb by more than 0 and 5% by weight or less.
A remarkably excellent effect is obtained that the seizure resistance of the bearing alloy layer can be further increased.

Still further, as described in claim 6, on a bearing alloy layer made of an aluminum bearing alloy, I
One or more of n, Bi, Sb, Cu, and Ag further have an overlay in which the total amount is less than 30% by weight (including 0) and the balance is substantially Sn. Thereby, a remarkably excellent effect that the durability of the slide bearing can be further improved is brought about.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the relationship between Cr content and mechanical properties.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-6-136475 (JP, A) JP-A-57-185951 (JP, A) JP-A-4-297538 (JP, A) JP-A-Heisei 4- 2739 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C22C 21/00-21/18

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A backing metal, at least more than 5 and less than 15% by weight of Sn, more than 1 and less than 5% by weight of Si, more than 0.2 and less than 2% by weight of Cu and more than 0.05 and less than 1% by weight. A bearing alloy layer made of an aluminum bearing alloy containing Cr and the balance being substantially Al, interposed between the backing metal and the bearing alloy layer, containing more than 0.05 and less than 1% by weight of Cr, 0.25% by weight or less of Si, 0.40% by weight or less of Fe, Cu
0.05% by weight or less, Mn 0.05% by weight or less, M
A multi-layer plain bearing comprising an aluminum alloy intermediate layer containing g in an amount of 0.05% by weight or less, Zn in an amount of 0.05% by weight or less, and Ti in an amount of 0.03% by weight or less. 2. The aluminum bearing alloy of the bearing alloy layer,
2. The multilayer plain bearing according to claim 1, wherein the Si particles are spheroidized with Sr of more than 0 and less than 0.1% by weight. 3. An aluminum bearing alloy of a bearing alloy layer,
Mn, Ni, Fe, Sb, Zr, V, Ti, B, Co,
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein one or more of Mo are contained in a total amount of more than 0 and less than 1 by weight.
2. The multilayer plain bearing according to item 1. 4. An aluminum bearing alloy of a bearing alloy layer,
One or two of In and Bi in total amount exceeding 0 and 5
The multilayer plain bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of the multilayer plain bearing is below% by weight. 5. The aluminum bearing alloy of the bearing alloy layer,
The multilayer plain bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein Pb is contained in an amount of more than 0 to 5% by weight. 6. On a bearing alloy layer made of an aluminum bearing alloy, one or more of In, Bi, Sb, Cu, and Ag are less than 30% by weight in total (including 0) and the balance is substantially the same. The multilayer plain bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an overlay that is typically Sn.