JP3348740B2 - Fish feed - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fish feed containing a specific oligosaccharide and, according to the fish feed of the present invention, to promote the growth of fish and obtain healthy fish. Can be.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the cultivation of fish, as food growing needs, such as weight gain, prevention of disease occurrence and mortality, and improvement of product quality, various additives are added to feed to meet these needs. . For example, certain digestive enzymes to promote the digestion of feed, lipids and carbohydrates to increase weight gain and calorie intake, and bile powder to improve dietary and lipid digestion are added to the feed. Have been. However, feeds to which these additives have been added, decrease in digestive enzyme activity caused by a decrease in water temperature, deposition of lipids on fish by high-lipid, high-sugar feed, so-called fat manure,
It has the drawback of inducing the occurrence of streptococci caused by excessive high feeding, and none of them is satisfactory.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION As a feed for cultured fish, there is a demand for a so-called feed with high feed efficiency in which normal or higher growth can be achieved with a smaller amount. In addition, recent market needs tend to require healthier cultured fish. However, the current state of farmed fish, which is fed high-fat and high-carbohydrate feeds, over-fed feeds for faster growth, and is bred at high density, is not always healthy. .

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to promote the growth of fish, ie, to have a high feed efficiency and to prevent the occurrence or death of fish disease, ie, to increase the health of fish. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fish feed that can prevent the occurrence of self-pollutation in a fishing ground.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of various studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that certain oligosaccharides have an effect of increasing the growth of fish and improving the health of fish. I learned.

[0006] The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and comprises one or two selected from the group consisting of fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, gentio-oligosaccharides, raffinose and lactulose. 0.1 or more oligosaccharides
It is intended to provide a feed for fish characterized by containing 10 to 10% by weight.

Hereinafter, the fish feed of the present invention will be described in detail.

The oligosaccharide contained in the fish feed of the present invention will be described. First, fructooligosaccharide is an oligosaccharide in which one or several fructoses are linked to sucrose. Galactooligosaccharides are oligosaccharides in which two to several galactoses are mainly bonded. Xylooligosaccharides are oligosaccharides in which 2 to 7 xyloses are linked by β-1,4 bonds. Isomaltooligosaccharides are oligosaccharides in which several glucoses are linked by α-1,6 bonds. The soybean oligosaccharide is a water-soluble saccharide extracted from soybean. Genio-oligosaccharides are oligosaccharides in which two to four glucoses are linked by β-1,6 bonds. Raffinose is a trisaccharide comprising one molecule of each of D-galactose, D-glucose and D-fructose, and is a form in which galactose is bound to sucrose. Lactulose is a disaccharide composed of one molecule of each of D-galactose and D-fructose.

These oligosaccharides can be used alone even if they are used alone.
More than one kind may be used in combination, and other substances may be contained as long as the substance mainly contains these oligosaccharides. In addition, the oligosaccharide, syrup, powder,
It can be used in any state such as a granular state.

[0010] The fish feed of the present invention is produced, for example, by a method of directly mixing the above-mentioned oligosaccharide with feed raw materials and molding, or a method of post-adding the above-mentioned oligosaccharide to an already molded feed. In the latter method (post-addition of oligosaccharide), the addition of the oligosaccharide may be performed by administering the feed to fish at the same time as administering the feed to the fish when administering the feed to fish. Good. In this case, the oligosaccharide may be administered after being coated with a water-soluble substance. In this case, the coating agent (water-soluble substance) may be any harmless substance used for ordinary medicine or food. Just fine. Examples of the coating form include coating with gelatin, filling in a water-soluble resin capsule, and the like.

[0011] The addition amount of the oligosaccharide, fish species of interest, can not be said sweepingly because vary depending on the type of oligosaccharide used, normally 0. 1 to 10% (% by weight, the same applies hereinafter),
Preferably it is 1 to 5%. With less than 0.1 % addition,
The effect is not expected, and if more than 10% is added, the effect is not improved and the economic efficiency is deteriorated.

[0012] The fish feed of the present invention includes carp, goldfish,
The present invention can be applied to any cultured fish and ornamental fish irrespective of saltwater fish and freshwater fish, such as freshwater fish such as eel and rainbow trout, and saltwater fish such as hamachi, thailand, trevally, puffer fish, flounder, salmon and the like.

The components other than the oligosaccharides in the fish feed of the present invention are the same as the conventional raw materials for this type of fish feed. Further, the method and amount of administration of the fish feed of the present invention to fish are the same as those of the conventional fish feed of this type.

[0014]

The feed for fish according to the present invention promotes the growth of fish, prevents the occurrence and death of fish disease, suppresses the increase in ammonia in feces, and also prevents the occurrence of self-contamination in fishing grounds. .

[0015]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.

Example 1 1,000 puffer fish, weighing about 350 g, were housed per plot, and a control plot and an experimental plot were provided and reared for 3 months. In the above experimental plot, a moist pellet (feed for fish of the present invention) containing 1% of soybean oligosaccharide (prepared according to the production method described in JP-A-4-187695) and having the composition shown in Table 1 below was added. Administration. In addition, a moist pellet having the composition shown in the following [Table 1] containing no oligosaccharide was administered to the control group. The rearing results are shown in [Table 2] below.

[0017]

[Table 1]

[0018]

[Table 2]

In the experimental group in which the fish feed of the present invention in which soybean oligosaccharide was added to the moist pellets for tiger puffer fish was administered, the weight gain was changed from the second month of breeding. As shown in the figure, the feed efficiency was improved and the number of dead fish was small.

Example 2 Red sea bream, weighing about 50 g, was housed in a 200-liter circulation water tank, 50 fish each, and seven test ikesu were provided. One tank was used as a control group, and the remaining six were used as experimental groups. In the experimental section, fructooligosaccharide [Meiji Seika Co., Ltd., trade name "Mayoligo" (containing 94% fructooligosaccharide)] was added to powdered commercial red sea bream feed (manufactured by Taiyo Feed Co., Ltd.). Fructooligosaccharide content 0.005%, 0.0
The pellets were added and mixed so as to be 1%, 0.1%, 1%, 10%, and 15%, and 8% of the total body weight per section was administered per day. In the control group, the same amount of the commercial feed for red sea bream was administered. The measurement results of the average body weight per red sea bream during the breeding period of 0 (at the start) to 8 weeks are shown in Table 3 below and FIG. FIG. 1 is a graph of the measurement results shown in [Table 3] below. As is clear from the results shown in Table 3 below and FIG.
The effect of fructooligosaccharide administration on red sea bream is 0.0%
Remarkably observed in the range of 1% to 10%.

[0021]

[Table 3]

Example 3 Rainbow trout having a body weight of about 10 g were accommodated in 50 liters of a 80-liter running water tank, and seven test ikesu were provided. One tank was used as a control group, and the remaining six were used as experimental groups. In the experimental plot, a high protein feed (fish feed of the present invention) having a composition shown in the following [Table 4] containing 1% of xylo-oligosaccharide, isomaltoligosaccharide, gentiooligosaccharide, raffinose, lactulose or galacto-oligosaccharide was used per day. 25 g was administered per section, and feces were collected for one week by a feces collection tube installed outside the water tank. From the collected feces for one week, the amount of ammonia was measured after removing water by filtration. The control group was bred in the same manner as the experimental group except that the same amount of the high protein feed having the composition shown in Table 4 below was administered, and the amount of ammonia in feces was measured. The results are shown in Table 7 below.

[0023]

[Table 4]

[0024]

[Table 5]

[0025]

[Table 6]

[0026]

[Table 7]

As is clear from the results shown in Table 7 above, in the experimental plot to which the fish feed containing the oligosaccharide of the present invention was administered, the amount of ammonia in feces was small, and contamination of breeding water was prevented. It turns out that it is done.

Next, experimental examples of intestinal microbial fermentation using eight oligosaccharides as substrates, which are considered to be related to the effects of the present invention, will be described. Experimental Example 1 Ten carps, weighing about 300 g, were anesthetized, the abdomen was opened, and the intestinal tract after the second bend was removed, and the contents were aseptically collected.
The contents were diluted 2-fold with sterile bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) and stirred well. After stirring, 50 μl was dispensed into a sterilized microtube, and the substrates shown in the following [Table 8] were added and mixed to a final concentration of 10 mg / ml. The obtained mixture was cultured using the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 as follows, and the amount of gas generated at that time was measured. 50 μl of the mixture B was placed in a micro glass tube A having a lower end sealed with a putty G for capillary, and a micro glass tube (25) was placed on the upper end of the glass tube A.
μl) was attached via a Tygon tube D. This device was placed in a water bath C kept at 25 ° C., and the mobility of the marker F in the detector E, which was moved by the generation of gas, was measured with time. The amount generated was calculated. Further, the contents of the carp intestinal tract collected and diluted in the same manner as described above were sterilized in an autoclave, and glucose was added thereto to a final concentration of 10 mg / ml and mixed. The amount of generated gas was measured by the method.
The measurement results are shown in [Table 8] below.

[0029]

[Table 8]

According to the results shown in Table 8 above, when the oligosaccharide was added, the amount of generated gas increased remarkably with time, so that the oligosaccharide was assimilated by microorganisms in the carp intestine. You can see that it was done. This indicates that oligosaccharides are also used in fish intestinal microorganisms.

[0031]

The fish feed of the present invention has the following excellent effects. Promotes fish growth. The health of fish can be improved. It can reduce the amount of ammonia in fish excrement and prevent the self-contamination of fishing grounds, which tends to cause water pollution.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in average body weight per red sea bream in an experimental group and a control group in Example 2.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus used for measuring a gas generation amount in Experimental Example 1.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A Micro glass tube B Mixture (content after addition of substrate) C Water bath D Tygon tube E Detector F Marker G Putty for capillary

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Toru Naraya 2-3-9 Nagahama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture Inside the Ocean Fisheries Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takashi Sakata 1-15, Ekimae-dori, Ishinomaki-shi, Miyagi Prefecture -24 (56) References JP-A-4-281795 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A23K 1/00-1/20 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fructooligosaccharide, a galactooligosaccharide,
Xylooligosaccharide, isomaltoligosaccharide, soybean oligosaccharide,
A fish feed comprising 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or more oligosaccharides selected from the group consisting of gentiooligosaccharides, raffinose and lactulose.