JP3344042B2 - Plastic sorting and crushing machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a multi-stage crusher for plastics, and more particularly to a multi-stage crusher for plastics suitable for low-temperature multi-stage crushing of plastics.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is already known that in a crusher having a plurality of blades, the diameter of a rotating blade is increased from an inlet side to an outlet side (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-18695).
No. 1). This means that a plurality of rotating crushing blades are provided, and the diameter of the crushing blades increases from the inlet side to the outlet side. As a result, when the rotational speed is constant, the peripheral speed of the crushing blade increases from the inlet side to the outlet side, so that the effect of the pulverization is
That is, the diameter of the conventional crushing blade can be greatly increased as compared with the case where the diameter is constant.

It has also been known that when plastics are cooled to a low temperature and crushed, the plastics are separated based on the difference in brittleness of the plastics (JP-A-54-73354). This is because, in the low-temperature crushing of plastics, not all plastics are crushed to the same size, but those that are easy to crush due to the difference in the embrittlement point of plastics and those that come out of the exit without crushing. It means that by separating the size and sieving, it can be separated.

[0004] When the mixed plastic is crushed at -20 ° C, polyvinyl chloride reaches the embrittlement point, but ABS resin, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene do not reach the embrittlement point. Vinyl chloride is crushed and other plastics are not crushed. Utilizing this, it is divided into polyvinyl chloride which has been crushed and reduced by a sieve and other plastic which remains large without being crushed.

[0005]

The conventional plastic multi-stage crusher aims to make the clearance between the rotary blade and the fixed blade constant and crush non-crushed materials uniformly, so that the thickness is extremely different. When crushing plastics, it was difficult to obtain a sufficient sorting and crushing effect. That is, a thin plastic is crushed by an impact force, whereas a thick plastic is subjected to a shearing force, and the crushing effect is different due to the difference in thickness. for that reason,
When performing separation by low-temperature crushing, it is set to crush a certain thickness of plastic, and crushing thicker plastic will crush even plastic with a high embrittlement point, while crushing thinner plastic Then, even if the plastic has a low embrittlement point, the plastic slips through between the rotary blade and the fixed blade and is hardly crushed. In order to obtain the desired fractionation and crushing efficiency, there is a problem that if the plastic is thick, the clearance must be set large, and if the plastic is thin, the clearance must be set small.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to crush plastics having different thicknesses with high efficiency in crushing plastics, and to use a low-temperature brittleness of plastics to separate brittle points from various kinds of mixed plastics having various thicknesses. Is used to sort and crush polyvinyl chloride.

[0007]

A plastic multi-stage crusher according to the present invention comprises a plurality of rotary blades arranged coaxially and rotating, and a housing for accommodating the rotary blades, and a fixed blade formed on an inner wall surface of the crusher. In the crusher for crushing the plastic in multiple stages, the clearance between the fixed blade and the rotary blade is set to be different between the inlet and the outlet.

In the present invention, the clearance of the multi-stage crusher is reduced stepwise or continuously as it goes from the inlet side to the outlet side. It is preferable to provide a screen through which crushed pieces having a small size are passed.

Further, the multistage crusher of the present invention has a configuration in which the multistage crusher is housed in a low-temperature tank so that the crushing temperature can be controlled.

[0010]

The operation of the plastic crusher having the above configuration will be described below. ◆ Plastics to be put into the crusher have various thicknesses and sizes. In this case, if the clearance between the fixed blade and the rotary blade of the crusher is constant, the plastic put into the crusher is mainly crushed at the first and second stages on the inlet side, and the three or four stages are crushed. Crushing is small, and a large load is applied to the first and second rotary blades on the inlet side.

On the other hand, in the present invention, the clearance between the fixed blade and the rotary blade is changed from the first stage on the inlet side to the outlet side,
The second, third and fourth stages are gradually reduced. This allows
In the first stage, plastic that is thicker than the clearance between the fixed blade and the rotary blade in the first stage is mainly crushed, and in the second stage, the plastic is not crushed in the first stage and the clearance between the fixed blade and the rotary blade in the second stage Larger plastics are mainly crushed.

Similarly, the third stage and the fourth stage are similarly crushed, so that the load can be evenly distributed to each stage. Also, when a mixture of plastics of different sizes is cooled to a temperature at which the polyvinyl chloride plastic becomes brittle and then put in through a hopper, the low-temperature brittle polyvinyl chloride plastic is replaced with other unbrittled plastics inside the crusher. Separate crushing is performed in which crushing is performed more finely.

In this case, by the above-described operation, an impact force can be applied from a thick plastic to a thin plastic, and a plastic mixture having a different thickness is crushed at each stage for each thickness. The embrittled polyvinyl chloride plastic has a fractional crushing effect in which it is crushed more finely than other non-embrittled plastics, and the polyvinyl chloride can be sorted out by sieving.

Further, by storing the apparatus in a low-temperature bath, the temperature of the cooled plastic does not rise due to the outside air during the crushing, and the energy of the crushing when the plastic is crushed by the rotating blade and the fixed blade is used. It is possible to suppress a rise in temperature. This makes it possible to separate and crush plastic while maintaining the embrittlement point of polyvinyl chloride.

Further, by providing a screen through which crushed pieces having a small particle size pass through a part of the fixed blade, the crushed pieces that have become sufficiently fine during the crushing can pass through the screen. No more crushing. Thus, the rotation load of the crusher can be suppressed, and the power consumption can be reduced.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows a multi-stage crusher for separating and crushing plastics having different thicknesses. In the figure, housing 4
The rotating blades 6, 7, 8, 9 fixed to the rotating shaft 2 are rotated by the driving device 1, and the plastics cooled and supplied by the hopper 3 are supplied with the fixed blade 5 and the rotating blades 6, 7, 8, 9, 9. The crushed plastic is discharged from the outlet 10 through the outlet 10.

Here, the diameters of the rotary blades 6 to 9 gradually increase, and the diameter of the fixed blade is fixed. That is, the clearance gradually decreases from the entrance side to the exit side. This allows the rotary blade 6
Crushes plastic that is thicker than the clearance 23 mainly between the rotary blade 6 and the fixed blade 5, and the rotary blade 7 removes plastic that cannot be completely crushed by the rotary blade 6 and the clearance between the rotary blade 6 and the fixed blade 5. Crush plastics thicker than 23. The rotary blades 8 and 9 are similarly crushed, and can be crushed regardless of a certain difference in thickness.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment. When the multi-stage crusher shown in Fig. 1 is placed in a cooling tank and crushed at -20 ° C with a low-temperature crusher for plastics, polyvinyl chloride reaches the embrittlement point and other plastics become embrittled. Because polyvinyl chloride does not reach the point, polyvinyl chloride has the effect of being crushed more finely than other plastics, but by separating the size of the crushed pieces by sieve, polyvinyl chloride with small crushed pieces and crushed pieces Divided into other large plastics.

The clearance 23 between the fixed blade 5 and the rotary blades 6, 7, 8, 9 is gradually reduced, and the rotary blade 6 and the fixed blade 5 mainly crush plastics thicker than the clearance 23 therebetween. However, due to the fractional crushing effect, polyvinyl chloride is crushed more finely in this class of thickness. The rotary blade 7 and the fixed blade 5 crush plastics that could not be crushed by the rotary blade 6, but here too, polyvinyl chloride is crushed finer with this class of thickness. Hereinafter, the rotary blades 8 and 9 are similarly separated and crushed.

FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment. While the diameter of the fixed blade 5 of the multi-stage crusher is fixed and the diameter of the rotary blades 12, 13, and 14 is constant, the rotary blade 11 closest to the hopper is used.
Is smaller than other rotary blades. This is a plastic with a constant thickness or a small difference in the thickness of the plastic.If the thickness of the plastic is too large or the load at the time of crushing is too large, the first stage of crushing will roughly crush. In addition, fine crushing is performed in the following second, third, and fourth stages. The plastic introduced from the hopper 3 is roughly crushed by the rotary blade 11 and the fixed blade 5 and then finely crushed by the rotary blades 12, 13, and 14. The crushed plastic is discharged from the outlet 10.

FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment. The multi-stage crusher of FIG. 3 is placed in a cooling tank to crush plastic at low temperature. When crushed at -20 ° C, polyvinyl chloride reaches the embrittlement point and other plastics reach the embrittlement point. Because it does not reach, polyvinyl chloride has the effect of being crushed more finely than other plastics, but by dividing the size of the crushed pieces by a sieve, polyvinyl chloride with small crushed pieces and other large pieces of crushed pieces Divided into plastics.

In the multi-stage crusher, the diameter of the fixed blade 5 is fixed and the diameter of the rotary blades 12, 13, and 14 is constant, but the rotary blade 11 closest to the hopper is smaller than the other rotary blades. ing. The plastic is roughly crushed by the rotary blade 11 and the fixed blade 5, and finely crushed by the following rotary blades 12, 13, 14 and the fixed blade 5, where the polyvinyl chloride is more crushed at each stage by the separation crushing effect. Since it is finely crushed, it can be separated by a sieve.

FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment. The diameter of the rotary blades 15, 16, 17, 18 of the multi-stage crusher is made constant, and the diameter of the fixed blade 19 is continuously reduced from the inlet side to the outlet side. That is, the clearance continuously narrows from the entrance side to the exit side. Since the diameter of the rotary blade is constant, the cutting edge speed is constant for each number of stages, and the crushing force is constant. Since the clearance 23 is continuously narrowed, the plastic injected from the hopper 3 can be uniformly crushed from a thick plastic to a thin plastic from the inlet side to the outlet side.

FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment. The multi-stage crusher shown in FIG. 5 is placed in a cooling bath to crush plastic at low temperature. When crushed at -20 ° C, polyvinyl chloride reaches the embrittlement point and other plastics reach the embrittlement point. Because it does not reach, polyvinyl chloride has the effect of being crushed more finely than other plastics, but by dividing the size of the crushed pieces by a sieve, polyvinyl chloride with small crushed pieces and other large pieces of crushed pieces Divided into plastics.

The multi-stage crusher includes rotary blades 15, 16, 17,
The diameter of the fixed blade 19 is made smaller continuously from the inlet side to the outlet side while the diameter of the fixed blade 18 is kept constant. That is,
The clearance 23 continuously narrows from the entrance side to the exit side. Since the clearance 23 is continuously narrowed, the plastic introduced from the hopper 3 can uniformly crush the thick plastic to the thin plastic as going from the inlet side to the outlet side.
Here, polyvinyl chloride is crushed more finely than other plastics at any position between the inlet side and the outlet side due to the fractional crushing effect, so that it can be divided into polyvinyl chloride and other plastics by sieving.

FIG. 7 shows a seventh embodiment. The diameter of the rotary blades 15, 16, 17, 18 of the multi-stage crusher is kept constant, and the diameter of the fixed blade 20 is reduced stepwise from the inlet side to the outlet side. That is, the clearance 23 gradually narrows from the entrance side to the exit side.

Here, since the diameters of the rotary blades 15, 16, 17, 18 are constant, the blade edge speed when rotating is constant and the crushing force is constant. Since the clearance 23 is gradually narrowed, the rotary blade 15 mainly crushes plastic thicker than the clearance 23 between the rotary blade 15 and the fixed blade 5, and the rotary blade 16 crushes plastic with the rotary blade 15. The unbroken plastic and the plastic thicker than the clearance between the rotary blade 16 and the fixed blade 5 are crushed. The rotary blades 17 and 18 are similarly crushed, and can be crushed regardless of a certain difference in thickness.

FIG. 8 shows an eighth embodiment. The multi-stage crusher shown in FIG. 7 is placed in a cooling chamber to crush plastic at low temperature. When crushed at -20 ° C, polyvinyl chloride reaches the embrittlement point and other plastics reach the embrittlement point. Because it does not reach, polyvinyl chloride has the effect of being crushed more finely than other plastics, but by dividing the size of the crushed pieces by a sieve, polyvinyl chloride with small crushed pieces and other large pieces of crushed pieces Divided into plastics. Multi-stage crusher has rotary blades 15, 1
The diameters of the fixed blades 20, 17, and 18 are kept constant, and the diameter of the fixed blade 20 is gradually reduced from the inlet side to the outlet side. That is, the clearance 23 gradually narrows from the entrance side to the exit side.

The rotary blade 15 and the fixed blade 5 mainly crush plastic which is thicker than the clearance 23 between them. Here, due to the separation crushing effect, polyvinyl chloride is crushed more finely in this class of thickness. The rotary blade 16 and the fixed blade 5 crush plastic which could not be completely crushed by the rotary blade 15, but also in this class of thickness,
The polyvinyl chloride is crushed more finely. Hereinafter, the rotary blades 16 and 17 are similarly separated and crushed.

FIG. 9 shows a ninth embodiment. A part of the fixed blade of the multi-stage crusher shown in FIG. 1 is used as a screen 24 so that small crushed pieces can pass through. In addition to the effect of uniformly crushing plastics of different thicknesses, when the crushed material is so fine that it does not need to be crushed anymore, it passes through the screen 24, so it is crushed before it reaches the rotary blade 9 on the outlet side. The amount decreases, so that the load due to crushing can be reduced, and power consumption can be reduced.

The plastics supplied from the hopper 3 are crushed by the rotary blades 6, and the plastics thicker than the clearance 23 between the rotary blades 6 and the fixed blades 5 are passed through the screen 24. Rotary blade 7
Then, the plastic that is thicker than the clearance 23 between the rotary blade 7 and the fixed blade 5 and the plastic that cannot be completely crushed by the rotary blade 6 are crushed. The crushed pieces that have become fine here pass through the screen 24. Hereinafter, the rotary blades 8 and 9 are similarly crushed.

In the above embodiment, the rotary blade and the fixed blade are arranged so that the axial directions thereof are horizontal. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the axial direction may be vertical (vertical) or oblique. The present invention is good in changing the required clearance.

[0033]

As described above, according to the present invention, in a multi-stage crusher which has a plurality of rotating blades and crushes plastic by a fixed blade and a rotating rotating blade, the clearance between the plurality of rotating blades and the fixed blade is changed by each. By changing each stage, crushing can be performed efficiently, and when waste plastic is cooled to a low temperature and crushed, even if various thicknesses are mixed, the separation crushing effect can be better exhibited. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a multi-stage crusher according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a low-temperature multi-stage crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a low-temperature multi-stage crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a low-temperature multi-stage crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a low-temperature multi-stage crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a low-temperature multi-stage crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a low-temperature multi-stage crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a low-temperature multi-stage crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a low-temperature multi-stage crusher according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a front view of the multi-stage crusher according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Drive device, 2 ... Rotary shaft, 3 ... Hopper, 4 ... Housing, 5, 19, 20 ... Fixed blade, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1
2,13,14,15,16,17,18 ... rotary blade, 1
0: outlet, 21: cooling tank, 22: refrigerator, 23: clearance, 24: screen.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-164460 (JP, A) JP-A-48-57258 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B02C 18/00-18/44 B09B 1/00-5/00 B29B 17/00-17/02 C08J 11/00-11/28

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] A plurality of rotary blades are coaxially arranged and rotated, and a housing for accommodating the rotary blades and a fixed blade are formed on an inner wall surface of the housing. Plastic supplied from a hopper is removed by both the rotary blade and the fixed blade. In a multistage crusher,
A multi-stage crusher for plastics, characterized in that a clearance between a fixed blade and a rotary blade is different between an inlet and an outlet. 2. The multi-stage plastic crusher according to claim 1, wherein the clearance decreases stepwise or continuously from the inlet side to the outlet side. 3. The plastic multi-stage crusher according to claim 1, wherein a screen through which crushed pieces having a small particle size pass is provided in a part of said fixed blade. 4. A low-temperature crushing apparatus characterized in that the multi-stage crusher according to claim 1 is housed in a low-temperature tank so that the crushing temperature can be controlled.