JP3343517B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring sea salt particles - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for measuring the presence or absence of sea salt particles in the atmosphere, and for evaluating the amount of sea salt particles.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, there is no method for sequentially evaluating sea salt particles in the air on the spot. A gauze mesh of about 15 cm square is exposed for a certain period of about one month, and adheres to the gauze after collecting the gauze. A method of evaluating the amount of the obtained sea salt particles by chemical analysis is generally used. Thus, although this gauze collection method is simple, there is a problem that it takes a long period of one month or more to determine the presence or absence of sea salt particles. Furthermore, in the case of continuous evaluation, there is a problem that the installation and collection of gauze is required every month and a large amount of operation is required.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a method and an apparatus for measuring sea salt particles by which a quick, small, and simple apparatus can be used to evaluate the environment of sea salt particles. The purpose is to:

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, a method for measuring sea salt particles according to the present invention is directed to spraying an atmosphere containing sea salt particles onto a copper plate to prevent the surface of the copper plate from being discolored by corrosion caused by the sea salt particles. And measuring the amount of reflected light of the surface of the copper plate to calculate the amount of the attached sea salt particles.

Further, the method for measuring sea salt particles of the present invention is directed to the method of spraying an atmosphere containing sea salt particles on a copper plate and discoloring the copper plate surface due to corrosion caused by the sea salt particles. It is characterized by measuring by the area ratio and calculating the amount of the attached sea salt particles.

In the method for measuring sea salt particles of the present invention, an atmosphere containing sea salt particles is sprayed on a copper plate, and the discoloration of the copper plate surface due to corrosion caused by the sea salt particles is determined by a dark area after binarizing a copper plate surface image. It is characterized by measuring the area ratio and calculating the amount of sea salt particles attached from the correlation between the dark area ratio and the amount of sea salt particles obtained in advance.

The present invention also relates to an apparatus for measuring sea salt particles, comprising a copper plate as a material for collecting sea salt particles, a cover with a window covering the copper plate, a copper plate driving motor for moving the copper plate, and a motor for moving the copper plate. A driver that drives the air, a blower that sends air to the copper plate, and an irradiator that irradiates the copper plate with light,
A light receiving unit for detecting the amount of light reflected from the copper plate, and an output unit for outputting a signal from the light receiving unit are provided.

The present invention also relates to an apparatus for measuring sea salt particles, comprising: a copper plate as a material for collecting sea salt particles; a cover with a window covering the copper plate; a copper plate driving motor for moving the copper plate; A driver that drives the air, a blower that sends air to the copper plate, and an irradiator that irradiates the copper plate with light,
An optical microscope for observing the copper plate in the window of the cover, a storage unit for storing an observation image observed with the optical microscope, and a binarization processing unit for binarizing the observation image observed with the optical microscope, An output section for outputting a processing signal of the binarization processing section.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a structural explanatory view showing an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a copper plate having a mirror-finished surface which is a sea salt particle collecting material, 2 is a cover with a window covering the copper plate 1, Reference numeral 3 denotes a copper plate driving motor for moving the copper plate 1, 4 denotes a motor driving driver for driving the motor 3, 5 denotes a blower that blows air to the copper plate 1, and 6 denotes an irradiator that irradiates light to a portion of the copper plate 1 where the air is blown. Reference numeral 7 denotes a light receiving unit for detecting the amount of reflected light from the copper plate 1, and reference numeral 8 denotes an output unit for outputting a signal from the light receiving unit 7.

That is, the atmosphere containing sea salt particles is sprayed onto the copper plate 1, and the discoloration of the surface of the copper plate 1 due to the corrosion caused by the sea salt particles is measured by measuring the amount of reflected light of light on the surface of the copper plate 1. Calculate the amount of salt particles.

In operating these, first,
A copper plate 1, which is a material for collecting sea salt particles, is arranged so as to be movable at regular intervals by a drive motor 3, and a cover 2 with a window is placed on the upper surface of the copper plate 1. For example, the size of the window is about 5 mmφ or about 5 mm square. This cover 2
The air is constantly blown from the blower 5 above the cover 2 to the window. For example, the blowing speed is 30 c / s
m to 700 cm. By blowing the atmosphere, a large amount of sea salt particles can be sent to the surface of the copper plate 1. At this time, a mist containing sea salt particles is present in the atmosphere, and when the mist collides with the copper plate 1 through the window of the cover 2, the copper salt 1 is corroded by the sea salt particles and the surface of the copper plate 1 is discolored. It is.

Next, light is emitted from the irradiating section 6 to the copper plate 1 at the window of the cover 2. Light beam size is about 3mm
φ. The light receiving unit 7 for detecting the amount of reflected light from the copper plate 1 is arranged facing the window of the cover 2. The amount of light reflected from the copper plate 1 at the light receiving unit 7 is maximum when no initial corrosion occurs, and the output of the light receiving unit 7 is also maximum. For example, the output of the light receiving unit 7 before sea salt particle corrosion is adjusted to 1.5V. As the sea salt particles collide with the light-irradiated copper plate 1 via the blower 5, corrosion of the sea salt particles progresses, and the discolored area also increases. Since the reflectivity of light in the discolored area becomes smaller, when the discolored area becomes larger, the amount of light reflected from the copper plate 1 decreases, and the output of the light receiving unit 7 also gradually decreases. When sea salt particles are present, for example, 1.3 V,
It is observed that the output decreases to 1.0 V after 8 hours. In this way, by continuously monitoring the amount of reflected light from the copper plate 1, the presence or absence of sea salt particles is evaluated based on the change in the amount of reflected light, and the magnitude of the amount of sea salt particles is evaluated based on the amount of change in the amount of reflected light. It is.

It has been described that the function of evaluating sea salt particles is sufficient with the above configuration and operation, and the presence of sea salt particles can be determined quickly. However, if the entire surface of the copper plate 1 is corroded due to the presence of a large amount of sea salt particles, the amount of reflected light does not change, and the evaluation of the sea salt particles may not be possible. Therefore, a configuration is adopted in which the copper plate 1 is periodically moved at regular intervals using the drive motor 3 and the motor drive driver 4. For example, the copper plate 1 is slid 7 mm every four weeks. The surface of the copper plate 1 is protected by the cover 2 on the copper plate 1. After the copper plate 1 slides, a clean surface free from corrosion appears in the window of the cover 2. That is, after the copper plate 1 slides, the reflected light amount returns to the original intensity. For example, the output is around 1.5 V, which is the initial adjusted output.

It is known that a copper plate is corroded by reacting with various corrosive gas components and dust in the atmosphere. That is, there is a fear that corrosion and discoloration may occur due to causes other than the sea salt particles.

However, from the investigation of the initial corrosion process of the copper plate, it was found that a mist containing impurities was present in the air, and when the mist touched the copper plate, the copper plate was corroded and the surface of the copper plate was discolored. From the opposite perspective, the mist of pure water containing no impurities is very slow even if the mist collides with the copper plate. This corresponds to the fact that it is found that the progress of corrosion is very slow even if the hydrogen sulfide gas alone in the hot spring area collides with the copper plate alone.

That is, sea salt particles are distinguished by utilizing the fact that copper plate corrosion occurs by a phenomenon different from conventional recognition. The main component contained in the mist near the shore is generally sea salt particles, and the mist mainly composed of sea salt particles collides with a copper plate to cause sea salt particle corrosion. To increase the chance of collision, a large amount of air is sent by blowing air to a copper plate. This blowing action has the effect of accelerating sea salt particle corrosion, that is, increasing the sensitivity as a sensor, and at the same time, preventing the accumulation of dust components themselves on the copper plate surface and the effect of separating mist and dust components. is there. This utilizes the fact that the probability of the mist adhering to the copper plate is greater than the probability of the dust particles themselves adhering.

Here, it should be added that silver salt, which is often used as a corrosion evaluation material, cannot be evaluated for sea salt particles from the change in discoloration as in the present invention. As is well known, silver materials corrode with sulfur-based gas such as hydrogen sulfide gas and change color, so that the corrosion reaction with sea salt particles cannot be distinguished.

The present invention is a sea salt particle measuring device realized by a simple air blowing structure which has a function of separating mist and dust by focusing on a corrosion phenomenon of mist containing sea salt particles on a copper plate. As described above, the sea salt particle measuring apparatus has a simple construction and is easy to miniaturize, so that the change in the amount of sea salt particles can be reduced by 1 L.
It is inexpensive and easy to measure with a small volume. Heretofore, there has been almost no such simple apparatus for measuring sea salt particles.

Until now, failures of precision equipment and the like near the coast have often been judged to be salt damage after the failure occurred. Installing a tall building was inefficient in terms of cost, and it was common to take measures such as increasing the degree of sealing of the building after a failure occurred. If a small and simple sensor as in the present invention is used, it is possible to monitor the intrusion of sea salt particles into the building before salt damage occurs. Is created, and it is possible to prevent obstacles before they occur.

FIG. 2 shows the result of monitoring the amount of reflected light, which is the output of the sea salt particle measuring device, for about one month every hour by installing the present sea salt particle measuring device at a distance of about 50 m from the coast.
The horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is the output of the amount of reflected light. This figure shows an example in which the copper plate 1 as the material for collecting sea salt particles moves every 27 days. The thick solid line shows the case where the mist containing the sea salt particles was sprayed on the copper plate 1 as it is, and the thin solid line shows the case where the mist containing the sea salt particles was once passed through the filter and was then sprayed on the copper plate 1. That is, the thin solid line blows the gas from which the sea salt particles have been removed onto the copper plate 1 at the same wind speed as the thick solid line. As shown in the figure, when there is no sea salt particle (thin solid line), the reflected light amount output is about 0.1 V even after about one month has passed.
It can be seen that corrosion hardly occurred even in a situation where the relative humidity was as high as 70 to 90%. Judgment by visual observation shows that the metallic luster slightly fades. On the other hand, when there are sea salt particles (thick solid line), around May 18,
It can be seen that the amount of reflected light three times around May 25 and around June 5 is greatly reduced. This indicates that a large amount of sea salt particles invaded at each time. In about one month, a decrease in output of about 0.8 V is observed. By clarifying the relationship between the amount of decrease in the output and the weight of the sea salt particles, it can be understood that the presence or absence of the sea salt particles and the time of the penetration can be easily determined.

FIG. 3 shows the difference output between the output of the sea salt particle measuring device around May 25 (left axis) and the output two hours before (right axis).
Is displayed enlarged. From the figure, a decrease in the amount of reflected light of about 0.2 V was observed on May 25 on one day, and the maximum change per unit time was observed around 7:00 am on May 25 as a two-hour change. Was. This means that the magnitude of the intrusion of the sea salt particles can be grasped in units of time. This sensor has the advantage that it can be manufactured relatively inexpensively due to its small number of components, and it is possible to evaluate sea salt particles at more points in time. For example, 1
If several tens of them are arranged in a mesh at a distance of km, it is possible to easily measure the scattering amount and the scattering speed of the mist containing sea salt particles from the coast, which were conventionally extremely difficult.

Since it is extremely easy to sequentially monitor the output of the sea salt particle measuring device using a telephone line, it is necessary to provide a system for issuing an alarm when the output decreases in a unit period exceeding a certain amount. Needless to say, it is easy to do.

FIG. 4 is a structural explanatory view showing another embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is a copper plate having a mirror-finished surface as a material for collecting sea salt particles, and 2 is a cover with a window covering the copper plate 1. , 3
Is a copper plate drive motor for moving the copper plate 1, 4 is a motor drive driver for driving the motor 3, 5 is a blower that blows air to the copper plate 1, 6 is an irradiator that irradiates light to a portion of the copper plate 1 where air is blown, 9 is an optical microscope for observing the copper plate at the window of the cover 2, 10 is a storage unit for storing an observation image observed by the optical microscope 9, and 11 is a binarization for binarizing the observation image observed by the optical microscope 9. A processing unit 12 is an output unit that outputs a processing signal of the binarization processing unit 11.

That is, the atmosphere containing sea salt particles is sprayed on the copper plate 1, and the discoloration of the surface of the copper plate 1 due to corrosion by the sea salt particles is measured by the dark area ratio after the binarization processing of the surface image of the copper plate 1. Then, the amount of the attached sea salt particles is calculated.

Further, the atmosphere containing sea salt particles is sprayed on the copper plate 1, and the discoloration of the surface of the copper plate 1 due to the corrosion by the sea salt particles is measured by the dark area ratio after the binarization processing of the surface image of the copper plate 1. Then, the amount of the attached sea salt particles is calculated from the correlation between the previously determined dark area ratio and the amount of the sea salt particles.

In operating these, first,
A copper plate 1, which is a material for collecting sea salt particles, is arranged so as to be movable at regular intervals by a drive motor 3, and a cover 2 with a window is placed on the upper surface of the copper plate 1. For example, the size of the window is about 5 mmφ or about 5 mm square. This cover 2
The air is constantly blown from the blower 5 above the cover 2 to the window. For example, the blowing speed is 30 c / s
m to 700 cm. By blowing the atmosphere, a large amount of sea salt particles can be sent to the surface of the copper plate 1. At this time, a mist containing sea salt particles is present in the atmosphere, and when the mist collides with the copper plate 1 having the window of the cover 2, the copper plate 1 is corroded by the sea salt particles and the surface of the copper plate 1 is discolored. is there.

Next, light is irradiated from the light irradiator 6 to the copper plate 1 in the window of the cover 2, and the surface of the copper plate 1 is observed with an optical microscope 9. The observation area is, for example, an area of about 3 mm × 4 mm. This observation image is recorded in the storage unit 10 at regular intervals from several hours to 24 hours. 2 for each record
The value processing section 11 performs numerical processing of the image. FIG. 5 shows a processing flowchart of the observation image. One recorded image data is composed of, for example, about 300 × 200 pixels, and one pixel is recorded with a resolution of 256 gradations. FIG. 5 shows an example of a certain observation image. It can be seen from FIG. 5 that an island-like black spot has occurred. When the copper plate 1 comes into contact with the mist containing sea salt particles,
The initial reaction of corrosion was found to expand in an island fashion. The present invention focuses on the fact that the corrosion spreads in an island shape, and determines the amount of corrosion caused by sea salt particles from the area of the island-shaped region. A method for calculating the area of the island-shaped corroded portion will be described below. The figure shows an example of the signal intensity distribution between AB of the observed image. From the intensity distribution, it can be seen that the image signal is in the range of 70 gradations to 150 gradations, indicating that a portion having a low gradation has been corroded by sea salt particles. A certain threshold level is set, and the binarization processing of the observation image is performed. For example, 80 to 120 gradations are set as the threshold level. FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C show examples of binarization processing at 90 gradations, 100 gradations, and 110 gradations, respectively. As the threshold value is lower, the dark part decreases and the light part increases. After the binarization processing at a certain threshold value is completed, the number of pixels in the dark part is obtained, and the ratio to the total number of pixels, that is, the area ratio of the dark part is obtained. A numerical value corresponding to the area ratio of the dark portion is output from the output unit. In this example, the area ratio of the dark portion is 20.3%, 33.7%, and 4 at 90 gradations, 100 gradations, and 110 gradations, respectively.
9.5%.

The above-described binarization process for the recorded observation image and calculation of the area ratio of the dark portion are repeated at regular intervals. As the corrosion by the sea salt particles progresses, the area ratio of the dark portion increases, and the magnitude of the amount of the sea salt particles is evaluated from the magnitude of the area ratio of the dark portion.

It has been described that the function of evaluating sea salt particles is sufficient with the above configuration and operation, and the presence of sea salt particles can be determined quickly. However, if the entire surface of the copper plate is corroded due to the presence of a large amount of sea salt particles, the area ratio of the dark portion becomes 100%, and it may not be possible to evaluate the sea salt particles. Therefore, a configuration is adopted in which the copper plate 1 is periodically moved at regular intervals using the drive motor 3 and the motor drive driver 4. For example, the interval between movements is from one day to two
It is 8 days and can be set in 1 unit. The movement amount of the copper plate 1 at that time is 5 mm to 7 mm. The surface of the copper plate 1 is protected by the cover 2 on the copper plate 1. After the copper plate 1 slides, a clean surface free from corrosion appears in the window of the cover 2. In other words, after the copper plate 1 slides, the area ratio of the dark portion is 0%, and returns to the original ratio.

It is known that a copper plate is corroded by reacting with various corrosive gas components and dust in the atmosphere. That is, there is a fear that corrosion and discoloration may occur due to causes other than the sea salt particles.

However, from an investigation of the initial corrosion process of the copper plate, it was found that mist containing sea salt particles was present in the atmosphere, and that when the mist touched the copper plate, the copper plate surface corroded in an island form. This has the feature that it is easy to distinguish from corrosive gas components that cause corrosion over the entire surface. It has also been found that even when hydrogen sulfide gas alone in a hot spring area collides with a copper plate, the progress of corrosion is extremely slow.

The mist mainly composed of sea salt particles and a copper plate collide with each other to cause sea salt particle corrosion. To increase the chance of collision, a large amount of air is sent by blowing air to a copper plate. This blowing action has the effect of accelerating the corrosion of sea salt particles, that is, the effect of increasing the sensitivity as a sensor, and also has the effect of preventing the accumulation of dust components themselves on the copper plate surface.

The present invention is a sea salt particle measuring apparatus realized with a simple configuration and structure focusing on a corrosion phenomenon of a copper plate with mist containing sea salt particles. Thus, the present sea salt particle measuring apparatus can easily measure a change in the amount of sea salt particles with a volume of about several liters since the components are simple and easy to miniaturize. Heretofore, there has been almost no such simple apparatus for measuring sea salt particles.

Until now, failures of precision equipment and the like near the coast have often been judged to be salt damage after the failure occurred. Installing a tall building was inefficient in terms of cost, and it was common to take measures such as increasing the degree of sealing of the building after a failure occurred. With a simple sea salt particle measuring device such as the present invention, it is possible to monitor the intrusion of sea salt particles into the building before salt damage occurs, so that measures to improve the degree of sealing etc. can be implemented efficiently depending on the amount of intrusion. There is an effect that a possible advantage is generated and a failure can be prevented beforehand.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a change with time of about one month in the present sea salt particle measuring device near the coast. Here, examples are shown one day, three days, seven days, and 27 days after the start of measurement. The observed image of the corroded surface of the copper plate 1 due to the sea salt particles is 5
Types of gradations (80 gradations, 90 gradations, 100 gradations, 110 gradations
(Gradation, 120 gradations), and the area ratio of the dark part was obtained. FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C show examples of the change with time when the threshold level is 80 gradations, 100 gradations, and 120 gradations. The calculation result of the area ratio of the dark part of each observation image is shown below the binarized image. From the figure, it can be seen that the higher the threshold level, the higher the area ratio of the dark area, and that the area ratio of the dark area increases by observing at every threshold time at any threshold level. When the difference from the ratio is large, it is possible to determine that many sea salt particles have been detected. FIG. 7 shows the change over time in the area ratio of these dark portions. FIG. 8 shows the area ratio of the dark area at each threshold level when it is assumed that the amount of sea salt particle intrusion three days after the start of measurement is a level at which a warning should be issued. For example, in the case of the threshold level 90, it is understood that the alarm level should be set to about 9%. As described above, when the present sea salt particle measuring device is installed in a machine room or the like to monitor the intrusion of sea salt particles, a standard of an area ratio for issuing a warning of sea salt particle intrusion is determined according to each binarization threshold level. It can be easily set.

It should be noted that various dark area ratios (S) and the actual amount of sea salt particles (N) on the copper plate sample whose area ratio was analyzed were subjected to elemental analysis, and the area ratio of dark area and the amount of sea salt particles were analyzed. Correlation N
= F (S), the amount of sea salt particles can be calculated from the dark area ratio. That is, it is possible to easily select whether to output the output from the output unit 12 as an area ratio or as the amount of sea salt particles.

Further, since it is extremely easy to sequentially monitor the output of these sea salt particle measuring devices using a telephone line, a system for issuing an alarm when the output drops in a unit period exceeds a certain amount or the like. Needless to say, it is easy to do.

[0039]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a sea salt particle measuring method and a sea salt particle evaluating method which can realize the sea salt particle environment evaluation with a quick, small and simple device.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of monitoring for about one month according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of a monitor around May 25 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a configuration explanatory view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a processing flowchart of an observation image according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a binarization processing result of a copper plate observation image based on various threshold values according to another embodiment of the present invention and a temporal change thereof.

FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing a temporal change of a sea salt particle corrosion area ratio by various binarization processes according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between binarization of image processing and a standard of an area ratio of sea salt particle detection notification according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 copper plate 2 cover with window 3 copper plate drive motor 4 motor drive driver 5 blower unit 6 irradiation unit 7 light reception unit 8 output unit 9 optical microscope 10 storage unit 11 binarization processing unit 12 output unit

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-9-210942 (JP, A) JP-A 8-327342 (JP, A) JP-A 8-278245 (JP, A) JP-A 10-210 19755 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G01N 15/00 G01N 17/00 JICST file (JOIS)

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] An air containing sea salt particles is blown onto a copper plate,
A method for measuring the amount of sea salt particles, comprising measuring the color change of a copper plate surface due to corrosion by sea salt particles by measuring the amount of reflected light of the copper plate surface, and calculating the amount of sea salt particles attached. 2. An air containing sea salt particles is blown onto a copper plate,
A method for measuring the amount of sea salt particles adhered by measuring the change in color of a copper plate surface due to corrosion caused by sea salt particles based on a dark area ratio after binarizing a copper plate surface image, and calculating the amount of sea salt particles attached. . 3. An air containing sea salt particles is sprayed on a copper plate.
The discoloration of the copper plate surface due to corrosion by sea salt particles is measured by the dark area ratio after binarization processing of the copper plate surface image, and the sea salt attached from the correlation between the dark area ratio and the amount of sea salt particles determined in advance. A method for measuring sea salt particles, comprising calculating a particle amount. 4. An apparatus for measuring sea salt particles, a copper plate serving as a sea salt particle collecting material, a cover with a window covering the copper plate, a copper plate driving motor for moving the copper plate, and driving the motor. A driver, a blowing unit that sends air to the copper plate, an irradiation unit that irradiates the copper plate with light, a light receiving unit that detects the amount of light reflected from the copper plate, and an output unit that outputs a signal from the light receiving unit. A sea salt particle measuring device, comprising: 5. An apparatus for measuring sea salt particles, a copper plate serving as a sea salt particle collecting material, a cover with a window covering the copper plate, a copper plate driving motor for moving the copper plate, and driving the motor. A driver, a blower that sends air to the copper plate, an irradiation unit that irradiates the copper plate with light, an optical microscope that observes the copper plate in the window of the cover, and a storage that stores an observation image observed with the optical microscope. Sea salt particles, comprising: a binarization unit, a binarization processing unit that binarizes an image observed by the optical microscope, and an output unit that outputs a processing signal of the binarization processing unit. Measuring device.