JP3342311B2 - Fuel cell module - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fuel cell module.
Relates Lumpur, while it is particularly effective when applied to the cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell module, the high-temperature steam electrolysis cell
It is also applicable to modules .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional cylindrical solid electrolyte fuel cell module
The module is described below with reference to FIG. In FIG.
1 is a heat insulating material, 2 is a partition plate, 3 is a porous ceramic plate,
4 is a fuel gas supply pipe, 5 is a fuel gas delivery pipe, 6 is an oxidizing gas supply port, 7 is an oxidizing gas delivery pipe, 8 is a cell tube, 9
a is a positive side collecting electrode, 9b is a negative side collecting electrode.

The interior surrounded by a heat insulating material 1 is separated by a partition plate 2 and a porous ceramic plate 3 into a fuel gas supply chamber 1.
a, a fuel gas delivery chamber 1b, a power generation chamber 1c, and an oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d. The fuel gas supply pipe 4 is connected to the fuel gas supply chamber 1a. Fuel gas delivery pipe 5
Is connected to the fuel gas delivery chamber 1b. The oxidizing gas supply port 6 communicates with the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d . The oxidizing gas delivery pipe 7 passes through the oxidizing gas supply port 6, the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d , and the porous ceramics plate 3, and one end thereof is connected to the power generation chamber 1c . The cell tubes 8 are provided in a large number (thousands or more) in the power generation chamber 1c , connected to the introduction pipe 8a communicating with the fuel gas supply chamber 1a, and disposed in the fuel gas delivery chamber 1b. It is connected to the positive collector electrode 9a and the negative collector electrode 9b.

[0004] A power generation mechanism in such a fuel cell module structure will be described below. When the fuel gas 101 such as hydrogen or the like is supplied from the fuel gas supply pipe 4 to the fuel gas supply chamber 1a, and the oxidizing gas 102 such as oxygen or air is supplied from the oxidizing gas supply port 6 to the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d.
The fuel gas 101 is supplied to the cell tube 8 via the introduction pipe 8a.
The oxidizing gas 102 is supplied to the inside of the cell tube 8 and is preheated to a predetermined temperature by passing through the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d and the porous ceramics plate 3, and is uniformly fed into the power generation chamber 1c to be ionized inside the cell tube 8 . It is supplied in.

[0005] The fuel gas 1 supplied into the cell tube 8
01 and the ions of the oxidizing gas 102 cause a chemical reaction in a cell in which a solid electrolyte is sandwiched between electrodes to generate electricity. The generated electricity is collected by the positive side collecting electrode 9a and the negative side collecting electrode 9b and sent out.

The fuel gas 101 used for power generation is sent out of the cell tube 8 to the fuel gas delivery chamber 1b and sent out through the fuel gas delivery pipe 5, while the excess acid
The oxidizing gas 102 is sent out through the oxidizing gas sending pipe 7 while being recovered in heat.

[0007] By flowing the fuel gas 101 and the oxidizing gas 102 in this manner, electric power can be obtained.

[0008]

In the conventional fuel cell module as described above, the temperature in the power generation chamber 1c tends to increase toward the center. Therefore, when trying to keep the maximum temperature in the power generation chamber 1c within an allowable value,
There is a problem that the operating temperature of the cell tube 8 provided on the outer side in the power generation chamber 1c becomes low, and the power generation capacity cannot be sufficiently exhibited.

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell module capable of sufficiently exhibiting power generation capability by minimizing temperature unevenness in a power generation chamber.

[0010]

[Means for Solving the Problems] To solve the above-mentioned problems.
Of the fuel cell according to the first invention formodule
IsMultiple cell tubes with porous ceramic plate
The power generation room and the oxidizing gas preheating room
Oxidizes the oxidizing gas preheating chamber and the porous ceramic plate
The oxidizing gas is preheated by passing the gas through
Fuel cell module to be supplied to the power generation chamberAnd above
The time required for the oxidizing gas to pass through the porous ceramic
The shorter the center of the porous ceramic plate, the shorter
Features.

A fuel cell module according to a second aspect of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a porous ceramic module.
Power plate with multiple cell tubes and oxidation
The oxidizing gas preheating chamber and the gas preheating chamber
And passing the oxidizing gas through the porous ceramics plate.
Preheats the oxidizing gas and supplies it to the power generation chamber.
A fuel cell module , wherein the amount of the oxidizing gas passing through the porous ceramic plate is increased toward the center of the porous ceramic plate.

A fuel cell module according to a third aspect of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is a porous ceramic module.
Power plate with multiple cell tubes and oxidation
The oxidizing gas preheating chamber and the gas preheating chamber
And passing the oxidizing gas through the porous ceramics plate.
Preheats the oxidizing gas and supplies it to the power generation chamber.
A fuel cell module , wherein the passage time of the oxidizing gas through the porous ceramic plate is shortened toward the center of the porous ceramic plate, and the passing amount of the oxidizing gas through the porous ceramic plate is reduced by the porous ceramic plate. It is characterized in that the number is increased toward the center of the ceramic plate.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
An embodiment of the module will be described with reference to FIGS.
1 is a schematic structural diagram, and FIG. 2 is a II-II of FIG.
It is a line sectional arrow view. However, the same members as those described in the conventional structure are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the conventional structure.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a heat insulating material, 2 is a partition plate,
4 is a fuel gas supply pipe, 5 is a fuel gas delivery pipe, 6 is an oxidizing gas supply port, 7 is an oxidizing gas delivery pipe, 8 is a cell tube, 9
a is a positive collector, 9b is a negative collector, and 13 is a porous ceramic plate.

The inside of the fuel gas supply chamber 1 is surrounded by a partition plate 2 and a porous ceramic plate 13 surrounded by a heat insulating material 1.
a, a fuel gas delivery chamber 1b, a power generation chamber 1c, and an oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d. The fuel gas supply pipe 4 is connected to the fuel gas supply chamber 1a. Fuel gas delivery pipe 5
Is connected to the fuel gas delivery chamber 1b. The oxidizing gas supply port 6 communicates with the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d . The oxidizing gas delivery pipe 7 passes through the oxidizing gas supply port 6, the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d , and the porous ceramic plate 13, and one end thereof is connected to the power generation chamber 1c . The cell tubes 8 are provided in a large number (thousands or more) in the power generation chamber 1c , connected to the introduction pipe 8a communicating with the fuel gas supply chamber 1a, and disposed in the fuel gas delivery chamber 1b. It is connected to the positive collector electrode 9a and the negative collector electrode 9b.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the porous ceramic plate 13 has a plurality of flow holes 13a penetrating the plate 13, and the flow holes 13a It is set so that the quantity per area increases toward the center.

In such a fuel cell module structure, when the oxidizing gas 102 such as oxygen or air is supplied from the oxidizing gas supply port 6 to the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d, the oxidizing gas 102 is supplied to the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d. After passing through the porous ceramics plate 13, it is preheated to a predetermined temperature and then sent into the power generation chamber 1c. On this occasion,
Since the flow holes 13a are formed in the porous ceramics plate 13 as described above, the oxidizing gas 102 passing through the porous ceramics plate 13 has a shorter passage time closer to the center of the plate 13. That is, the plate 13
The preheat temperature becomes lower toward the center.

For this reason, in the conventional module structure, as shown in FIG. 3A, although there is almost no temperature difference between the center and the outside at the entrance portion in the power generation chamber 1c, the exit in the power generation chamber 1c is small. Although the temperature difference between the center and the outside was increased in the portion, in the module structure of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG.
The temperature difference between the center and the outside at the exit portion in the power generation chamber 1c can be minimized while the temperature difference between the center and the outside at the entrance portion in the power generation room 1c is minimized. .

Therefore, according to the module structure of the present embodiment, temperature unevenness in the power generation chamber 1c can be suppressed as much as possible, so that even if the maximum temperature in the power generation chamber 1c is kept within an allowable value, The operating temperature of the cell tube 8 provided on the outer side in 1c does not decrease, and the power generation capacity can be sufficiently exhibited.

Note that the above-mentioned width of suppressing the temperature unevenness in the power generation chamber 1c can be set by the diameter size and quantity of the flow holes 13a.

Further, in the present embodiment, by using the porous ceramic plate 13 in which the number of the flow holes 13a per unit area is set to increase toward the center,
Although the passage time of the oxidizing gas 102 was shortened toward the center, that is, the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas 102 supplied into the power generation chamber 1c was decreased toward the center of the plate 13; By using a porous ceramic plate with a smaller thickness, or by using a porous ceramic plate with a larger pore diameter toward the center, that is, a smaller contact area of the oxidizing gas toward the center, the passage time of the oxidizing gas is reduced toward the center. It is also possible to shorten the temperature, that is, to lower the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas supplied to the power generation chamber toward the center.

The fuel cell module according to the second invention
It will be described with reference to FIGS embodiments of Le. 4 is a schematic structural view thereof, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. However, the description of the conventional structure and members similar to those of the above-described embodiment will be omitted by using the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the conventional structure and the above-described embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a flow hole 20a is formed in the end face of the porous ceramic plate 3 on the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d side.
Are provided, and the number of the circulation holes 20a per unit area is set to be larger toward the center.

In the porous ceramic plate 3 provided with such a perforated plate 20, the amount of the oxidizing gas 102 per unit area passing from the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d to the power generation chamber 1c is determined by the plate 3
Near the center, in other words, less toward the outside.

For this reason, in the conventional module structure, as shown in FIG. 6A, the amount of the oxidizing gas 102 passing from the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d to the power generation chamber 1c does not differ between the center and the outside. Thus, although there is almost no temperature difference between the center and the outside at the entrance portion in the power generation chamber 1c, the temperature difference between the center and the outside has increased at the exit portion in the power generation room 1c. According to the module structure of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG.
Oxidizing gas 102 from the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d to the power generation chamber 1c
Since the amount of passing through increases toward the center, the power generation room 1c
The occurrence of a temperature difference between the center and the outside at the outlet in the power generation chamber 1c can be minimized while suppressing the occurrence of a temperature difference between the center and the outside at the inner entrance.

Therefore, according to the module structure of the present embodiment, as in the case of the above-described embodiment, the temperature unevenness in the power generation chamber 1c can be suppressed as much as possible, so that the maximum temperature in the power generation chamber 1c can be reduced. Even if it is maintained within the allowable value, the operating temperature of the cell tube 8 provided on the outer side in the power generation chamber 1c does not decrease, and the power generation capacity can be sufficiently exhibited.

The above-mentioned range of suppressing the temperature non-uniformity in the power generation chamber 1c can be set by the diameter and the number per unit area of the flow holes 20a of the perforated plate 20.

Further, in the present embodiment, the perforated plate 20 in which the number of the flow holes 20a per unit area is set to be larger toward the center is provided on the porous ceramic plate 3, so that the oxidizing gas preheating chamber 1d can be removed. The amount of the oxidizing gas 102 passing through the power generation chamber 1c is increased toward the center of the plate 3, but instead of the perforated plate 20, for example, a porous ceramic plate having a smaller thickness toward the center may be used. By using a porous ceramics plate having a higher porosity toward the center, it is possible to increase the amount of the oxidizing gas passing through the center.

Further, in the above-described embodiment of the first invention, the porous ceramic plate 13 in which the passage time of the oxidizing gas 102 is shorter toward the center is used, and in the above-described embodiment of the second invention, Although the porous ceramic plate 3 provided with the perforated plate 20 was used so that the amount of the oxidizing gas 102 that passed near the center was increased, the first invention and the second invention were used as the third invention. In other words, the passing time of the oxidizing gas through the porous ceramic plate is shortened toward the center of the porous ceramic plate, and the amount of the oxidizing gas passing through the porous ceramic plate is increased toward the center of the porous ceramic plate. By doing so, a synergistic effect is developed, so that a higher effect can be obtained.

[0030]

According to the fuel cell module of the present invention, the temperature unevenness in the power generation chamber can be suppressed as much as possible. The operating temperature of the provided cell tube does not decrease, and the power generation capability can be sufficiently exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a fuel cell module according to a first invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a temperature distribution in a power generation room;
(A) is the case of the conventional structure, and (b) is the case of the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a fuel cell module according to a second invention.

5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a temperature distribution in a power generation room;
(A) is the case of the conventional structure, and (b) is the case of the present embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of a conventional fuel cell module .

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Insulation material 1a Fuel gas supply chamber 1b Fuel gas delivery chamber 1c Power generation chamber 1d Oxidizing gas preheating chamber 2 Partition plate 3 Porous ceramic plate 4 Fuel gas supply pipe 5 Fuel gas delivery pipe 6 Oxidation gas supply port 7 Oxidation gas delivery pipe 8 Cell tube 8a Inlet tube 9a Positive-side collector electrode 9b Negative-side collector electrode 13 Porous ceramic plate 13a Flow hole 20 Plate 20a Flow hole 101 Fuel gas 102 Oxidizing gas

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Kazuo Tomita 1-1, Akunoura-cho, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki Prefecture Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Nagasaki Shipyard (56) References JP-A-6-349513 (JP, A) 202777 (JP, U) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H01M 8/24 H01M 8/12

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A porous ceramic plate, comprising
And an oxidizing gas preheating chamber.
The oxidizing gas preheating chamber and the porous ceramic
The oxidizing gas is passed through the
Preheat a module of the fuel cell is supplied to the power generation chamber, the fuel cell being characterized in that to shorten the transit time of the porous ceramic plate of the oxidant gas as close to the center of the porous ceramic plate module . 2. The porous ceramic plate is used to make
And an oxidizing gas preheating chamber.
The oxidizing gas preheating chamber and the porous ceramic
The oxidizing gas is passed through the
Preheat a module of the fuel cell is supplied to the power generation chamber, the fuel cell being characterized in that the passing amount of the porous ceramic plate of the oxidizing gas is large as close to the center of the porous ceramic plate module . 3. The porous ceramic plate is used to make
And an oxidizing gas preheating chamber.
The oxidizing gas preheating chamber and the porous ceramic
The oxidizing gas is passed through the
A fuel cell module , which is preheated and supplied to the power generation chamber, wherein the passage time of the oxidizing gas through the porous ceramic plate is shortened toward the center of the porous ceramic plate, and the oxidizing gas passes through the porous ceramic plate. A fuel cell module , wherein the amount of passage of the ceramic plate is increased toward the center of the porous ceramic plate.