JP3336382B2 - Melting and coagulation equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a melting / solidifying apparatus for melting / solidifying a solid substance using thermal energy, and more particularly to a snow melting apparatus for melting ice and snow and an ice making apparatus for solidifying water. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 12 is a top view of a conventional snow melting apparatus. In FIG. 12, reference numeral 2 denotes a pipe for passing a heat medium (described later), which is piped underground or on a roof. Reference numeral 3 denotes a heat medium for transferring heat necessary for melting snow, and an antifreeze such as alcoholic water or oil is used. 4
Are boilers serving as heat sources for applying heat to the heat medium 3;
Is a pump for circulating the heat medium 3 in the pipe 2. As shown in FIG. 12, the pipes 2 are often piped so that the pipes move back and forth in parallel so as to uniformly spread over the entire surface where snow melting is required.

[0003] Next, the operation of the snow melting apparatus configured as described above will be described. FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the snow melting apparatus shown in FIG. The heat medium 3 heated by the boiler 4 moves in the pipeline 2 by the action of the pump 5, and heats the snow-melted surface. Heat is removed by heating the snowmelt surface, and the heat medium 5 whose temperature has decreased returns to the boiler 4 and is heated again.
By repeating this operation, snow melting proceeds.

FIG. 14 is a top view of a conventional snow melting apparatus. In FIG. 14, reference numeral 8 denotes an electric heater that generates heat by applying a voltage, and is wired underground or on a roof. 9
Is a power supply for applying a voltage to the electric heater 8. Reference numeral 10 denotes an electric wire that electrically connects the electric heater 8 and the power supply 10. Electric heater 8
As shown in FIG. 14, wiring is often performed in a grid pattern so as to uniformly spread over the entire surface where snow melting is required.

Next, the operation of the snow melting apparatus configured as described above will be described. FIG. 15 is a sectional view of the snow melting apparatus shown in FIG. The electric heater 8 to which the voltage is applied by the power supply 9 generates heat, and the heat is transmitted to heat the snow melting surface. The heat melts snow.

FIG. 16 is a top view of a conventional ice maker for a skating rink. In FIG. 16, reference numeral 13 denotes a refrigerator serving as a heat source for absorbing heat from the heat medium 3. FIG. 16 shows that the pipe 2 is uniformly distributed over the entire surface required for ice making.
In many cases, pipes are arranged so that pipes move back and forth in parallel as shown in FIG.

[0007] Next, the operation of the ice making apparatus configured as described above will be described. FIG. 17 is a sectional view of the ice making device shown in FIG. 14 indicates the water filled in the reservoir, 1
Reference numeral 5 denotes a heat insulating plate installed on a flat ground serving as a reservoir,
It suppresses heat from entering the pipeline 2 and the reservoir laid on the heat insulating plate 15 from below. The heat medium 3 cooled by the refrigerator 13 moves in the pipeline 2 by the action of the pump 5, is heated as a reaction for cooling the water 14, returns to the refrigerator 13 and is cooled again. The cooled water 14 solidifies around the low temperature pipe 2 and transforms into ice.
The heat transfer from the water 14 to the pipe 2 continues through the transferred ice, and the ice making proceeds in a form in which the ice around the pipe 2 becomes thicker.

[0008]

In the conventional snow melting apparatus shown in FIG. 12, the temperature of the pipe 2 is T0, the temperature of the snow melting surface immediately above the pipe 2 is T1, and the distance from the pipe 2 is T1. Is L1, and the temperature of the snowmelt surface obliquely above pipe line 2 is T1.
2. If the distance from the pipe 2 is L2 and the thermal conductivity between the pipe 2 and the snow melting surface is λ, the following equation is obtained. q1 = λ (T0−T1) / L1 (1) q2 = λ (T0−T2) / L2 (2) L1 <L2 (3) Here, q1 and q2 are T2 from the pipe 2 and the snow melting surface at the temperature T1.
2 is the heat flow rate flowing toward the snow melting surface. Since the temperature of the snowmelt surface when melting proceeds is T1 = T2 (4), the following relationship is obtained by rearranging the expressions (1) to (4). q2 <q1 (5) That is, the amount of heat released from the pipe 2 toward the snow melting surface is greater at the upper part of the pipe 2 than at the oblique upper part of the pipe 2. For this reason, the ice and snow on the snowmelt surface melts immediately above the pipeline 2, and the ice and snow on the snowmelt surface located between the pipelines 2 melts later. At this time, since the heat is supplied to the previously melted area even after the snow disappears, there is a problem that useless energy must be used. In addition, as a method for solving such a problem, it is theoretically possible to adopt a method of reducing the distance between the pipes 2 that are piped in parallel, but it is actually costly. If the pipe 2 becomes longer, the friction loss in the pipe becomes larger and the power of the pump 5 also increases, so that the energy problem could not be solved much for the expense. .

In the conventional ice making apparatus as shown in FIG. 16, the direction of heat flow is opposite to that of the above-mentioned snow melting apparatus. The water 14 cooled by the pipe 2 solidifies from the periphery of the pipe 2 to become ice, and the water 14 located between the pipes 2 solidifies later. That is, the periphery of the pipeline 2 is further cooled in a solid state until the ice making of the other portions is completed. At this time, the heat flowing from the ice around the pipe 2 toward the pipe 2 for the same reason as in the case of the snow melting apparatus described above is generated from the diagonally upper part or the side More than from. That is, there is a problem that invasion of large heat from the environment above the pipe line 2 cannot be avoided, and wasteful energy must be used. In addition, as a method for solving such a problem, it is theoretically possible to adopt a method of reducing the distance between the pipes 2 that are piped in parallel, but it is actually costly. If the pipe 2 becomes longer, the friction loss in the pipe becomes larger and the power of the pump 5 also increases, so that the energy problem could not be solved much for the expense. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a snow melting apparatus and an ice making apparatus with high energy use efficiency, and in a broad sense, a melting apparatus and a solidifying apparatus. I do.

[0011]

In a melting apparatus according to the present invention, a heating element is disposed in the vicinity of or in a substance to be melted, and is disposed between the heating element and the substance to be melted or in a substance to be melted. A heat insulation layer is provided therein, and the heat insulation
The layer is provided for dividing heat transferred from the heating element to the substance to be melted.
Is related to the distance from the heating element to the substance to be melted.
It is characterized in that the material and the shape are set so as to be constant . Further, in the coagulation apparatus according to the present invention, the heat absorber is disposed in the vicinity of or in the coagulation target material, and the heat absorber is disposed between the heat absorber and the coagulation target material or coagulated.
A heat insulating layer is provided in the target substance, and the heat insulating layer
The ratio of heat transmitted from the heat body to the solidification target substance is
Constant regardless of the distance from the heat body to the solidification target substance
The material and the shape are set so as to be as follows. Further, the snow melting apparatus according to the present invention is arranged in a ring shape under ice and snow, a pipe through which a heat medium passes, a heat source for giving heat to the heat medium, and a means for circulating the heat medium. A heat insulating layer is provided above the pipe, and the heat insulating layer is provided from a pipe portion that gives heat to ice and snow.
The ratio of heat transmitted to the ice and snow is reduced by the
Material and shape to be constant regardless of the distance to snow
A snow melting apparatus characterized by setting . Alternatively, there is provided a pipe which is provided vertically or pointwise with respect to the ice and snow surface under ice and snow, and means for applying heat to an upper end or a point of the pipe, and a heat insulating layer is provided above the upper end or the point. Is provided, and the heat-insulating layer is provided in front of the upper end or the point.
The percentage of heat transferred to the ice and snow is higher than the upper end or the point.
Make sure that the material is constant regardless of the distance to the ice and snow.
It is characterized in that the shape is set . Alternatively, an electric heater that is wired in a grid under ice and snow and generates heat by applying electricity, and a unit for applying electricity to the electric heater, and a heat insulating layer is provided above the electric heater. ,
The heat-insulating layer is a part of the heat transmitted from the electric heater to the ice and snow.
Irrespective of the distance from the electric heater to the ice and snow
The material and the shape are set so as to be constant . Alternatively, an electric heater provided vertically or in a dotted manner with respect to the ice and snow surface under ice and snow, and means for applying electricity to the electric heater are provided, and a heat insulating layer is provided above the electric heater. , The heat insulating layer is provided with the ice from the electric heater.
The ratio of heat transmitted to the snow is from the electric heater to the ice and snow.
The material and shape are set so that they are constant regardless of the distance.
It is characterized by having been done. Further, the ice making device according to the present invention is annularly piped below the surface of the water, a pipe through which a heat medium passes, a heat source for absorbing heat from the heat medium, and a circuit for circulating the heat medium. Means, and a heat insulating layer is provided above the conduit. Alternatively, a pipe provided vertically or in a point below the water surface and a means for applying heat to an upper end or a point of the pipe are provided, and a heat insulating layer is provided above the upper end or the point. It is characterized by the following.

[0012]

In the melting apparatus according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, a heat insulating layer is provided above a heating element disposed below a substance to be melted. Let the temperature of the heating element be T0, and let the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating layer at a distance of L11 immediately above the heating element be λ
1. The thickness is L12, and the distance from the heat insulating layer to the melting surface is L13. Similarly, the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating layer at a distance L21 obliquely upward from the heating element is λ1, the thickness is L22, and the distance from the heat insulating layer to the melting surface is L23. Further, a place where the distance from the heating element to the melting surface is L31 further obliquely upward from the heating element is also considered. Let T be the temperature of the melting surface, and let λ be the thermal conductivity of the portion excluding the heat insulating layer from the heating element to the melting surface. The heat flow rate released from the heating element to the melting surface immediately above the heating element is approximated by the following equation. q1 = (T0−T) / (L11 / λ + L12 / λ1 + L13 / λ) (6) Similarly, the heat flow rate released from the heating element to the melting surface obliquely above the heating element is approximated by the following equation. q2 = (T0−T) / (L21 / λ + L22 / λ1 + L23 / λ) (7) Further, the heat flow rate released from the heating element to the further oblique melting surface is approximated by the following equation. q3 = (T0−T) / (L31 / λ) (8) Then, L12 / λ1 = (L31−L11−L13) / λ (9) L22 / λ1 = (L31−L21−L23) / λ (10) Λ1, that is, the material of the heat insulating layer, so that the relationship of
If L12, L22, that is, the thickness of the heat insulating layer is designed, it can be seen from the equations (6) to (10) that the following relationship holds. q1 = q2 = q3 (11) The above equation indicates that an equal proportion of heat moves from the heating element to the melting surface regardless of the distance from the heating element. That is, by providing the heat insulating layer, the substance to be melted is uniformly melted regardless of the location of the melting surface.

In the solidifying apparatus according to the present invention, the direction of heat flow is opposite to that of the above-described melting apparatus. However, similarly to the action of the above-mentioned heat insulating layer in the melting apparatus, the solidified state after solidification is independent of the distance from the heat absorber. Heat will transfer at an equal rate from the solid surface to the heat sink. Therefore, the solidification target material rapidly solidifies while suppressing local heat loss from the solid surface.

[0014]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiment 1. FIGS. 1 and 2 show a top view and a sectional view, respectively, of a snow melting apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view in which FIG. 2 is partially enlarged. In FIG. 1, reference numerals 2 to 5 denote the same or corresponding elements as those of a conventional snow melting apparatus, and a pipe 2 is piped to the ground or a roof. Reference numeral 1 denotes a heat insulating layer provided above the pipeline 2. As described in the section of operation, the material and shape of the heat insulating layer 1 are designed so that the heat transmitted from the pipeline 2 is equal regardless of the location of the melting surface.

In the snow melting apparatus configured as described above, when the heat medium 3 heated by the boiler 4 serving as a heat source passes through the pipe 2 by the action of the pump 5, the pipes as shown by arrows in FIG. The heat moving upward from the path 2 is equalized irrespective of the location of the melting surface due to the action of the heat insulating layer 1. Therefore, ice and snow on the ground or on the roof are uniformly melted. In this embodiment, the melting target material is ice and snow. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention can be applied to various melting apparatuses and heating processes. For example, the present invention can be applied to a heat storage device using a phase change material or a highly viscous material, a resin melting and regenerating device, and the like.

Embodiment 2 FIGS. 4 and 5 are a top view and a sectional view, respectively, of a snow melting apparatus according to the present invention. In the figure,
Reference numeral 6 denotes a heat pipe capable of efficiently transmitting heat from the lower side to the upper side. Reference numeral 7 denotes a heat insulating layer provided above the heating element 6. As shown in FIG. 4, the upper end of the heat pipe 6 is a point heat source when viewed from the ground surface. However, the heat transferred from the heat pipe 6 to the snow melting surface becomes constant irrespective of the location of the snow melting surface by the action of the heat insulating layer 7. The material and shape of the heat insulating layer 7 are designed as described above.

In the snow melting apparatus configured as described above, heat in the shallow underground, which is stable at about 14 ° C. throughout the year, is transmitted to the vicinity of the melting surface by the heat pipe 6. That is, the temperature of the upper end of the heat pipe 6 becomes higher than the temperature of the melting surface on which ice and snow accumulate. Therefore, heat is diffused from the upper end of the heat pipe 6 to the melting surface, and the melting surface is uniformly heated. For this reason, ice and snow on the ground are uniformly melted. In the present embodiment, the heat source is a heat pipe, and the melting target material is ice and snow. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to various melting devices and heating devices. For example, a point-like heat source in which a radioactive substance is sealed can be used as the heat source.

Embodiment 3 FIG. 6 shows a snow melting apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 6, reference numerals 8 to 10 denote the same or corresponding elements as those of the conventional snow melting apparatus, and the electric heater 8 is installed on the ground or a roof. Reference numeral 1 denotes a heat insulating layer provided above the electric heater 8. As described in the section of operation, the material and shape of the heat insulating layer 1 are designed such that the heat transmitted from the electric heater 8 is equal regardless of the location of the melting surface.

In the snow melting apparatus configured as described above, the electric heater 8 to which the voltage is applied by the power supply 9 generates heat and becomes higher in temperature than the snow melting surface. For this reason, heat flows from the electric heater 8 to the snow melting surface, but the heat that moves due to the action of the heat insulating layer 1 is equal regardless of the position of the melting surface. Therefore, ice and snow on the ground or on the roof are uniformly melted.
In this embodiment, the melting target material is ice and snow. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention can be applied to various melting devices and heating devices.

Embodiment 4. FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a snow melting apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 7, reference numerals 9 and 10 denote the same or corresponding elements as those of the conventional snow melting apparatus. Reference numeral 11 denotes a point-like electric heater that generates heat by applying a voltage, and the electric heater 8 is installed on the ground or a roof. Reference numeral 7 denotes a heat insulating layer provided above the electric heater 11 as in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, when viewed from the ground surface, the electric heater 11 serves as a point heat source in the same manner as in the second embodiment, but the heat transferred from the electric heater 11 to the snow melting surface does not depend on the location of the snow melting surface due to the action of the heat insulating layer 7. The material and shape of the heat insulating layer 7 are designed to be constant.

In the snow melting apparatus configured as described above, the electric heater 8 to which the voltage is applied by the power supply 9 generates heat and becomes higher in temperature than the snow melting surface. For this reason, heat flows from the electric heater 8 to the snow melting surface, but the heat transferred by the heat insulating layer 7 is equal regardless of the position of the melting surface. Therefore, ice and snow on the ground or on the roof are uniformly melted.
In this embodiment, the melting target material is ice and snow. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The present invention can be applied to various melting devices and heating devices. In addition, although the electric heater is illustrated as a point-like object, it may have a rod-like structure capable of applying heat to its upper end,
Any shape and heat generation method can be adopted.

Embodiment 5 FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of a melting apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 8, reference numeral 2 denotes the same or equivalent to a conventional melting apparatus. Reference numeral 12 denotes a heat storage material that uses a phase change. Reference numeral 1 denotes a heat insulating layer provided above the pipeline 2. As described in the section of operation, the material and shape of the heat insulating layer 1 are designed such that the heat transmitted from the pipe 2 to the liquid surface is equal regardless of the position of the liquid surface that has been melted and becomes liquid.

In the melting apparatus configured as described above, when the heat medium heated by the heat source passes through the pipe 2,
The surface temperature of the pipe 2 becomes higher than that of the heat storage material 12. Therefore, a heat flow from the pipe 2 to the heat storage material 12 is generated, and the heat storage material 12 around the pipe 2 is first transformed into a liquid, and the heat storage material located between the pipe 2 and the pipe 2 12 melts later.
The upper part of the pipe 2 is further heated in a liquid state until the melting of the other parts is completed, but is dissipated from the pipe 2 to the environment above the liquid surface through the heat storage material 12 by the action of the heat insulating layer 1. The resulting heat moves at an equal rate regardless of where it is on the liquid surface. Dissipation of heat to the environment immediately above the pipe 2, which would otherwise be a large value, is suppressed by the action of the heat insulating layer 1, so that the remaining solid heat storage material 12 can be quickly melted. It becomes possible. In the present embodiment, the substance to be melted is a phase change substance. However, the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to various melting apparatuses and heating apparatuses. For example, the present invention can be applied to a snow melting device having a flat roof or a heating process of a heat storage device using a highly viscous substance. Also,
Although the pipe 2 is used as a means for generating heat, the pipe 2 is provided in a vertical or dotted shape, and a means for applying heat to the upper end or a point is provided, and a heat insulating layer is provided above the upper end or the point. Thus, it is possible to obtain a melting device having the same function as described above. If the means for applying heat is vertical or point-like, it is possible to apply a heating device having a structure that is difficult to develop in a horizontal line, such as a heat pipe, a radioactive substance, or a thermoelectric element.

Embodiment 6 FIGS. 9 and 10 are a top view and a sectional view, respectively, of an ice making device according to the present invention. In FIG. 9, reference numerals 2, 3, 5, and 13 to 15 denote the same or corresponding components as the conventional ice making device. Reference numeral 1 denotes a heat insulating layer provided above the pipeline 2. As described in the section of operation, the thermal insulation layer 1 is provided with a pipe 2 regardless of the location of the solidified solid surface.
The material and shape are designed so that the heat transmitted from is equal.

In the ice making device configured as described above, when the heat medium 3 cooled by the refrigerator 13 serving as a heat absorbing source passes through the pipe 2 by the action of the pump 5, the surface temperature of the pipe 2 Is colder than water 14. Therefore, water 14
Flow of heat from the pipe to the pipe 2 generates water 1 around the pipe 2
4 first transfers to ice, and the water 14 located between the lines 2 solidifies later. That is, the periphery of the pipeline 2
Although the other portions are further cooled in a solid state until the ice making is completed, the heat entering the pipe 2 through the solidified ice from the environment on the water surface due to the action of the heat insulating layer 1 causes Move at the same rate regardless of The infiltration of heat from the environment immediately above the pipe line 2, which would otherwise be a large value, is suppressed by the action of the heat insulating layer 1, so that the water 14 can be quickly solidified. In the present embodiment, the substance to be coagulated was water, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the substance can be applied to any coagulation apparatus. For example, the present invention can be applied to a solidification or cooling process of a heat storage device using a phase change material or a highly viscous material. Further, the means for providing the heat absorbing action is the pipe line 2, but the pipe is provided in a vertical or pointed manner, and a means for applying heat to the upper end or the point is provided, and a heat insulating layer is provided above the upper end or the point. , It is also possible to obtain an ice making device having the same function as described above. If the means for applying cold heat is vertical or dotted, cooling equipment having a structure that is difficult to deploy in a horizontal line, such as a heat pipe or a thermoelectric element, can be applied.

Embodiment 7 FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a coagulation apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 11, reference numeral 2 denotes the same or corresponding element as a conventional snow melting apparatus, and a pipe 2 is provided outside the container. Reference numeral 12 denotes a heat storage material that uses a phase change. Reference numeral 1 denotes a heat insulating layer provided above the pipeline 2. As described in the section of operation, the material and shape of the heat insulating layer 1 are designed so that the heat transmitted from the pipeline 2 is equal regardless of the location of the solidified surface.

In the coagulation apparatus configured as described above, when the heat medium cooled by the heat absorbing source passes through the pipe 2, the heat transferred from the solidification surface to the pipe 2 is generated by the action of the heat insulating layer 1. Equivalent regardless of the location of the solidification surface. Therefore, the heat storage material 12 on the solidified surface is solidified uniformly. In the present embodiment, the substance to be solidified is a phase change substance. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to various solidifying apparatuses and cooling apparatuses. For example, the present invention can be applied to a cooling process of an ice making device or a heat storage device using a highly viscous substance. Also, the means for providing an endothermic effect is the conduit 2,
A solidification device having the same function as described above can be obtained by providing a pipe installed in a vertical or dot shape and a means for applying cold heat to the upper end or a point thereof, and providing a heat insulating layer above the upper end or the point. Is also possible. If the means for applying cold heat is vertical or dotted, cooling equipment having a structure that is difficult to deploy in a horizontal line, such as a heat pipe or a thermoelectric element, can be applied.

[0028]

In the melting apparatus according to the present invention, a heat insulating layer is provided between the substance to be melted and the heating element, or in the substance to be melted, near the heating element. If a heat insulating layer is provided between the substance to be melted and the heating element, the rate of heat transfer from the heating element to the substance to be melted is the same regardless of the location of the melting surface. Will be melted uniformly. Alternatively, when a heat insulating layer is provided near the heating element in the substance to be melted, the rate of transfer of heat transmitted from the heating element to the surface of the substance to be melted becomes the same regardless of the location of the surface. It is possible to suppress a large heat loss locally from the surface of the substance to be melted in the vicinity of the body to the external environment. Therefore, unlike a conventional snow melting device, or in a broad sense, a melting device, it is not necessary to supply energy for a long time until solid material that partially melts due to uneven heat transfer is completely melted. It becomes an efficient melting device.

In the coagulation apparatus according to the present invention, a heat insulating layer is provided between the substance to be coagulated and the heat absorber, or in the substance to be coagulated, near the heat absorber. If a heat insulating layer is provided between the solidification target material and the heat absorber, the rate of heat transfer from the solidification target material to the heat absorber becomes the same regardless of the location of the solidification surface. Will be solidified uniformly. Alternatively, when a heat insulating layer is provided near the heat absorber in the solidification target material, the transfer rate of heat transmitted from the solidification target material surface to the heat absorber becomes the same regardless of the surface location, Large local heat loss from the environment to the surface of the solidification target material in the immediate vicinity of the heat absorber can be suppressed. Therefore, unlike a conventional ice making device, in a broader sense, a coagulating device, there is no need to supply energy for a long time until the liquid substance remaining without partially solidifying due to uneven heat transfer completely solidifies. , Resulting in an energy efficient coagulation device.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a top view of a snow melting apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a cross sectional view of a snow melting apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the snow melting apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a top view of a snow melting device according to the invention.

FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a snow melting device according to the invention.

FIG. 6 shows a top view of a snow melting apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a snow melting apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a melting device according to the invention.

FIG. 9 shows a top view of an ice making device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of an ice making device according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of a solidification device according to the invention.

FIG. 12 shows a top view of a conventional snow melting apparatus.

FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional snow melting apparatus.

FIG. 14 shows a top view of a conventional snow melting device.

FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional snow melting apparatus.

FIG. 16 shows a top view of a conventional ice making device.

FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional ice making device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 7 Heat insulation layer 2 Pipe line 3 Heat medium 4 Boiler 5 Pump 6 Heating body 8, 11 Electric heater 9 Power supply 10 Electric wire 12 Heat storage material 13 Refrigerator 14 Water 15 Insulation board

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A heating element is disposed in or near the melting substance melting substance, the heat insulating layer is provided in between or molten substance of the heating element and the melting substance, the
The heat-insulating layer is formed by heat transferred from the heating element to the substance to be melted.
Is the distance from the heating element to the substance to be melted.
A melting apparatus characterized in that the material and the shape are set so as to be constant regardless of the melting point. 2. A heat-absorbing body is provided in the vicinity of or in a solidification target substance, and a heat insulating layer is provided between the heat-absorbing body and the solidification target substance or in the solidification target substance ,
The heat-insulating layer is provided with heat transmitted from the heat absorber to the solidification target material.
Is the distance from the endothermic body to the solidification target substance
A solidification apparatus characterized in that the material and the shape are set so as to be constant regardless of the conditions . 3. A pipe which is annularly piped under ice and snow and through which a heat medium passes, a heat source for applying heat to the heat medium, and means for circulating the heat medium,
A heat insulating layer is provided above the pipe, and the heat insulating layer
The percentage of heat transmitted to the ice and snow from the pipe that gives heat to the ice and snow
Regardless of the distance from the pipeline to the ice and snow
A snow melting device , wherein a material and a shape are set so as to be constant . 4. A pipe which is provided vertically or pointwise under ice and snow with respect to an ice and snow surface, and means for applying heat to an upper end or a point of the pipe, wherein the upper end or a point above the point is provided. Is provided with a heat insulating layer, wherein the heat insulating layer has the upper end or
The ratio of heat transferred from the point to the ice and snow is the upper end or
Be constant regardless of the distance from the point to the ice or snow
Wherein the material and the shape are set . 5. An electric heater which is wired in a grid under ice and snow and generates heat by applying electricity, and means for applying electricity to the electric heater, wherein a heat insulating layer is provided above the electric heater. Is provided, and the heat insulating layer is provided with the ice from the electric heater.
The ratio of heat transmitted to the snow is from the electric heater to the ice and snow.
The material and shape are set so that they are constant regardless of the distance.
Snow melting apparatus characterized by being. 6. An electric heater installed under the ice and snow in a vertical or dotted manner with respect to the ice and snow surface, and means for applying electricity to the electric heater, wherein a heat insulating layer is provided above the electric heater. The heat insulation layer is provided between the electric heater and the ice and snow.
The ratio of heat to the distance from the electric heater to the ice and snow
A snow melting apparatus characterized in that the material and the shape are set so as to be constant regardless of the type . 7. A pipe, which is annularly piped below the surface of the water and through which a heat medium passes, a heat source for absorbing heat from the heat medium, and means for circulating the heat medium. An ice making device, wherein a heat insulating layer is provided above the pipeline. 8. A pipe which is provided vertically or pointwise below the water surface, and means for applying heat to an upper end or a point of the pipe, and a heat insulating layer is provided above the upper end or the point. An ice making device characterized by being used.