JP3330108B2 - Separation method of chlorine-containing polymer from mixed crushed waste plastic - Google Patents
Separation method of chlorine-containing polymer from mixed crushed waste plasticInfo
- Publication number
- JP3330108B2 JP3330108B2 JP32167099A JP32167099A JP3330108B2 JP 3330108 B2 JP3330108 B2 JP 3330108B2 JP 32167099 A JP32167099 A JP 32167099A JP 32167099 A JP32167099 A JP 32167099A JP 3330108 B2 JP3330108 B2 JP 3330108B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- specific gravity
- chlorine
- pvc
- waste plastic
- containing polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、廃プラスチック
を、例えば液体燃料あるいは固体燃料に変換して再利用
するに際して、混合破砕プラスチックからポリ塩化ビニ
ル（ＰＶＣ）、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、あるいはその共重
合体等の含塩素重合体を分別する方法に関する。The present invention relates to a method for converting waste plastic into, for example, liquid fuel or solid fuel for reuse, from mixed and crushed plastic to polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride, or a copolymer thereof. And other methods for separating chlorine-containing polymers.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、この含塩素重合体の廃棄物を含
め、廃棄プラスチック（廃プラ）の有効利用の１つとし
て、その大きな発熱量に着目した熱源としての利用のた
めに、油化法や熱分解法を適用して液体化や固体化をす
る処理方法がある。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as one of effective uses of waste plastics (waste plastics), including wastes of chlorine-containing polymers, oil-forming methods have been developed for use as heat sources focusing on the large amount of heat generated. There is a processing method of making a liquid or a solid by applying a thermal decomposition method.
【０００３】このような処理において、廃プラ中にＰＶ
Ｃのような含塩素重合体が存在すると、含有塩素が加熱
時に塩化水素などの腐食性ガスとなったり、ダイオキシ
ンなどの有害な含塩素有機化合物を生成したりする等の
不都合があるため廃プラスチック中から含塩素重合体を
分離除去する必要がある。[0003] In such a treatment, PV is contained in waste plastic.
When a chlorine-containing polymer such as C is present, waste plastics are inconvenient because the chlorine contained becomes a corrosive gas such as hydrogen chloride upon heating, or generates harmful chlorine-containing organic compounds such as dioxin. It is necessary to separate and remove the chlorine-containing polymer from the inside.
【０００４】この含塩素重合体の分離除去方法は、過去
多く提案されており、例えば、特開昭４８−９７１５６
号公報には、プラスチック破砕物を水や重比重液として
ＮａＣｌ水溶液，ＣａＣｌ2水溶液、水ガラスを用い、
それぞれに界面活性剤を加え脱気させた後、攪拌槽で比
重液との比重差によって浮上沈降分離を行う方法が開示
されている。Many methods for separating and removing chlorine-containing polymers have been proposed in the past, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 48-97156.
In the official gazette, a plastic crushed product is used as water or a specific gravity liquid using an aqueous solution of NaCl, an aqueous solution of CaCl 2 , and water glass.
A method is disclosed in which a surfactant is added to each and deaerated, and then floating and sedimentation is performed by a specific gravity difference from a specific gravity liquid in a stirring tank.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところが、比重液を用
いる分別方法においては、高比重液の調製が困難であっ
たり、比重液を調製するために使用した成分が分別した
プラスチックに付着して、その除去が困難であったり、
また、種類の多い重比重液を使うことの煩雑さがあり、
さらに、有機溶剤を使用する場合は、取り扱い上などの
問題がある。However, in the separation method using a specific gravity liquid, it is difficult to prepare a high specific gravity liquid, or the components used for preparing the specific gravity liquid adhere to the separated plastic, Its removal is difficult,
In addition, there is the complexity of using many types of heavy specific gravity liquids,
Further, when an organic solvent is used, there are problems in handling and the like.
【０００６】本発明における解決課題は、プラスチック
の比重の差を利用して、廃プラ混合物から含塩素重合体
を分離するための分離液（重比重液）の比重調整剤とし
て、分離液に可溶であり、処理中に有害物質を発生する
ことがなく、単一の物質で様々な比重の分離液を容易に
作ることができ、取り扱い易く、分離廃プラから容易に
回収できる物質を選定することにある。The problem to be solved in the present invention is to use the difference in the specific gravity of a plastic as a specific gravity adjusting agent for a separation liquid (high specific gravity liquid) for separating a chlorine-containing polymer from a waste plastic mixture by utilizing the difference in specific gravity of plastics. Select a substance that is soluble, does not generate harmful substances during processing, can easily produce separated liquids of various specific gravities with a single substance, is easy to handle, and can be easily recovered from separation waste plastic It is in.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本願発明は、かかる条件
を満たす含塩素重合体の分離比重液を調製剤として、ヨ
ウ化ナトリウム（ＮａＩ）が優れていることを見い出し
たことによって達成した。ＮａＩは、毒性も低く水に容
易に溶解するので、希望する濃度の比重液が容易に調製
できる。The present invention has been attained by finding out that sodium iodide (NaI) is excellent, using a specific gravity solution for separating a chlorine-containing polymer satisfying the above conditions as a preparation agent. Since NaI has low toxicity and easily dissolves in water, a specific gravity solution having a desired concentration can be easily prepared.
【０００８】廃プラ混合物からＮａＩ水溶液を使用して
含塩素重合体を分離する際には、プラスチック表面に付
着した気泡を脱気する必要があるので、界面活性剤、特
にポリエキシエチレンアルキルエーテルを、比重液に
０．００５％以上の濃度になるように添加すれば十分脱
気効果があることも見出した。When the chlorine-containing polymer is separated from the waste plastic mixture by using an aqueous solution of NaI, it is necessary to degas bubbles adhering to the plastic surface. It has also been found that a deaeration effect can be sufficiently obtained by adding the solution to the specific gravity solution at a concentration of 0.005% or more.
【０００９】含塩素重合体の中のＰＶＣの本来の比重は
１．４程度であるが、可塑剤を含んでいるため、その含
有量により、ＰＶＣは、１．４〜１．２の比重を有す
る。このＰＶＣを分離するためには、分別すべき廃プラ
を破砕し、比重が１．２程度の比重液を使って、プラス
チックの比重の差を利用して塩素分を含まない低比重の
プラスチックは浮上させて除去し、高比重の樹脂は沈降
させる。The original specific gravity of PVC in the chlorine-containing polymer is about 1.4, but since it contains a plasticizer, PVC has a specific gravity of 1.4 to 1.2 depending on its content. Have. In order to separate this PVC, the waste plastic to be separated is crushed, and a specific gravity liquid having a specific gravity of about 1.2 is used. It is removed by floating, and the resin having a high specific gravity is settled.
【００１０】次に比重が１．４５程度の比重液を使って
ＰＶＣを浮上させる。Next, PVC is floated using a specific gravity liquid having a specific gravity of about 1.45.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の廃プラ中のＰＶＣ
を分別する実施例を、図１に示す装置と図２に示すフロ
ーに基づき説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, PVC in waste plastic of the present invention will be described.
An embodiment for separating the components will be described based on the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and the flow shown in FIG.
【００１２】図１において、図２に示す作業フローに示
すとおり、ホッパー１０からＮａＩを比重調整槽４に加
え、比重１．２のＮａＩ水溶液を調製する。界面活性剤
槽５から界面活性剤の１つであるエマルゲンを０．０１
％の濃度になるように比重液調整槽４に加える。分別塔
３にこの調製済の比重液を入れ、分別の効果から考えて
５ｍｍ〜２０ｍｍ程度に破砕した混合廃プラをホッパー
１から、コンベアー２によって分別塔３に投入する。必
要があれば、このとき振動などによって流れを起こす。
これによりＰＶＣより比重の小さなプラスチックを浮上
せしめ、軽比重物受器７に収納し、比重が大きいＰＥ
Ｔ、ＰＶＣなどを沈降させて分離し、重比重物受器８に
収納する。そして、分別に使用した比重液は、比重液調
整槽４に戻され再利用に供する。以上は、第１段階であ
る。In FIG. 1, NaI is added from a hopper 10 to a specific gravity adjusting tank 4 to prepare an aqueous NaI solution having a specific gravity of 1.2, as shown in the work flow shown in FIG. Emulgen, which is one of the surfactants, is added from the surfactant tank 5 to 0.01.
% To the specific gravity liquid adjusting tank 4. The prepared specific gravity liquid is put into the separation tower 3, and the mixed waste plastic crushed to about 5 mm to 20 mm is put into the separation tower 3 from the hopper 1 by the conveyor 2 from the viewpoint of the effect of the separation. If necessary, a flow is caused by vibration or the like at this time.
As a result, plastic having a lower specific gravity than PVC is floated and stored in the light specific gravity receiver 7, and PE having a higher specific gravity is used.
T, PVC, and the like are settled and separated, and stored in the heavy / gravity object receiver 8. Then, the specific gravity liquid used for separation is returned to the specific gravity liquid adjustment tank 4 and is reused. The above is the first stage.
【００１３】次に、第２段階において、第１段階と同様
な操作を繰り返すが、ただし、比重１．４５の比重液を
用い、ＰＶＣなどは浮上品として得られる。ＰＶＣの比
重の状況によりこれらの各段階の一部は省略することも
できる。Next, in the second stage, the same operation as in the first stage is repeated, except that a specific gravity liquid having a specific gravity of 1.45 is used, and PVC or the like is obtained as a floating product. Some of these steps may be omitted depending on the specific gravity of PVC.
【００１４】[0014]
【表１】 表１は、上記図１に示す装置を用いて、静止状態で分別
処理をしたときの分別効果を示す。分別のためのプラス
チックとしては、１１種類をそれぞれ１０ｇを混合した
ものを使用した。同表における略号の意味するところ
と、ＰＥＴとＰＶＣの比重は以下のとおりである。[Table 1] Table 1 shows the sorting effect when the sorting process is performed in a stationary state using the apparatus shown in FIG. As a plastic for separation, a mixture of 11 types each mixed with 10 g was used. The meanings of the abbreviations in the table and the specific gravity of PET and PVC are as follows.
【００１５】１）プラスチックの略号説明 ＡＢＳ：ＡＢＳ樹脂 ＡＳ：ＡＳ樹脂 ＰＡ：
ポリアクリル酸樹脂 ＰＳ：ポリスチレン ＰＣ：ポリカーボネイト ＰＥＴ：ポリエチレンテレフタレイト ＰＶＣ：ポ
リ塩化ビニル ＰＥ：ポリエチレン ＰＰ：ポリプロピレン ２）添加物を含まないＰＥＴとＰＶＣの比重 ＰＥＴ ρ＝１．３８８ ＰＶＣ ρ＝１．４０７ 同表から、以下のことが言える。1) Description of abbreviations for plastics ABS: ABS resin AS: AS resin PA:
Polyacrylic acid resin PS: Polystyrene PC: Polycarbonate PET: Polyethylene terephthalate PVC: Polyvinyl chloride PE: Polyethylene PP: Polypropylene 2) Specific gravity of PET and PVC without additives PET ρ = 1.388 PVC ρ = 1. 407 From the table, the following can be said.
【００１６】比重液を使った静止状態での分別では、液
の比重を変えることにより比重に応じて各プラスチック
に分別できる。ＮａＩの水溶液をまず調製して分別に用
いるが、主にＰＶＣを分別する場合は、まず比重約１．
２の比重液でＰＶＣなどを沈降させる。次に比重約１．
４５の比重液でＰＶＣと同程度の比重を持った物質を分
離する。このようにして分別したＰＶＣの中には少量の
ＰＥＴやその他のプラスチックを含むが、ＰＶＣの含有
量をもっと上げたいときには、さらに溶剤で溶解させる
方法がある。また必要があればＰＶＣなどを水で洗うこ
とによって、付着したＮａＩを除去することができる。In the separation in a stationary state using a specific gravity liquid, it is possible to separate each plastic according to the specific gravity by changing the specific gravity of the liquid. First, an aqueous solution of NaI is prepared and used for fractionation. When PVC is mainly fractionated, the specific gravity is about 1.
PVC and the like are settled with the specific gravity liquid of No. 2. Next, specific gravity of about 1.
A substance having a specific gravity similar to that of PVC is separated with a specific gravity liquid of 45. A small amount of PET and other plastics are included in the PVC separated in this way, but if it is desired to further increase the PVC content, there is a method of further dissolving with a solvent. If necessary, the attached NaI can be removed by washing PVC or the like with water.
【００１７】また、ポリオキシエチレン，アルキルグリ
コシド等の７種類の界面活性剤を使って、プラスチック
に付着している気泡の除去効果を調べた。その結果、ポ
リオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル（商品名：花王エマ
ルゲン７０５）が、比重液としてＮａＩ水溶液を使った
とき、脱気効果や作業を妨害する泡の発生が少ないなど
の点で、最も優れていることを見出した。Further, the effect of removing bubbles adhering to plastic was examined using seven types of surfactants such as polyoxyethylene and alkyl glycoside. As a result, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (trade name: Kao Emulgen 705) is the best in terms of the deaeration effect and the generation of bubbles that hinder the work when using an aqueous NaI solution as a specific gravity liquid. I found that.
【００１８】図３は、混合プラスチックを用い、洗剤で
洗浄し、油分、汚れなどを除去して乾燥したもの（○
印）と洗浄しないもの（●印）とで実験を行った。FIG. 3 shows a mixture obtained by using a mixed plastic, washing with a detergent, removing oil, dirt, etc., and then drying (○).
The experiment was carried out with the sample (marked with) and the sample not washed (marked with ●).
【００１９】横軸は界面活性剤濃度、縦軸は混合プラス
チックの沈降率を、どのような処理をしてもそれ以上沈
降率が増えない点を１００として示した。界面活性剤濃
度を上げていくと気泡脱離の効果により沈降率が上がっ
ていくのが分かる。The horizontal axis indicates the surfactant concentration, and the vertical axis indicates the sedimentation rate of the mixed plastic, with 100 representing the point at which the sedimentation rate does not increase any more by any treatment. It can be seen that as the surfactant concentration is increased, the sedimentation rate is increased by the effect of bubble desorption.
【００２０】図４は２種類のＰＶＣ（ＰＶＣ１ 実線、
ＰＶＣ２ 破線）を使用して、水にＮａＩを添加して液
の比重を調整し、比重液に０．０１％の界面活性剤を添
加したもの（○印）と添加しないもの（●印）とで実験
を行った。FIG. 4 shows two types of PVC (PVC1 solid line,
Using PVC2 (broken line), NaI was added to water to adjust the specific gravity of the solution, and the specific gravity solution was added with 0.01% surfactant (○ mark) and not added (● mark). The experiment was carried out.
【００２１】横軸は分離液の比重、縦軸は浮上するＰＶ
Ｃの量が最も多いときを１００として浮上割合を示し
た。上記界面活性剤を添加しなかった時は比重１．２に
於いてかなりの量のＰＶＣが浮上したが、添加をしたと
きは殆ど浮上しなかった。The horizontal axis is the specific gravity of the separated liquid, and the vertical axis is the floating PV
When the amount of C was the largest, the floating ratio was set as 100. When the surfactant was not added, a considerable amount of PVC floated at a specific gravity of 1.2, but hardly floated when the surfactant was added.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】本発明によって、混合廃プラからＰＶＣ
を効率よく分別することができる。そして、分別された
ＰＶＣを脱塩素処理を行うことになるので、廃プラの再
利用に際しての効率が格段に向上する。According to the present invention, PVC can be produced from mixed waste plastic.
Can be efficiently separated. Then, since the separated PVC is subjected to the dechlorination treatment, the efficiency at the time of reusing the waste plastic is remarkably improved.
【図１】 本発明の分別処理に好適に使用できる処理装
置を示す。FIG. 1 shows a processing apparatus that can be suitably used for the separation processing of the present invention.
【図２】 本発明を実施するに際しての処理のフローシ
ートを示す。FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a process for implementing the present invention.
【図３】 混合プラスチックに水を使用したときの界面
活性剤の添加量の効果を沈降率によって示す。FIG. 3 shows the effect of the amount of surfactant added when water is used in the mixed plastics, by the rate of sedimentation.
【図４】 ２種類のＰＶＣにＮａＩ水溶液を比重液とし
て使用したときの界面活性剤の添加の効果を浮上割合に
よって示す。FIG. 4 shows the effect of the addition of a surfactant when a NaI aqueous solution is used as a specific gravity liquid on two types of PVC, by the floating ratio.
【符号の説明】 １ ホッパー ２ コンベアー ３ 分別塔 ４ 重比重液調整槽 ５ 界面活性剤調整槽
６ ポンプ ７ 浮上プラスチック受器 ８ ＰＶＣ重比重物受
器 ９ 流量計 １０ ＮａＩホッパー[Explanation of Signs] 1 Hopper 2 Conveyor 3 Separation tower 4 Heavy specific gravity liquid adjustment tank 5 Surfactant adjustment tank
Reference Signs List 6 Pump 7 Floating plastic receiver 8 PVC heavy / gravity receiver 9 Flowmeter 10 NaI hopper
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平11−286015（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平６−63944（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭48−97155（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭48−97156（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平９−271691（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) B03B 1/00 - 13/06 B29B 17/00 - 17/02 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-11-286015 (JP, A) JP-A-6-63944 (JP, A) JP-A-48-97155 (JP, A) JP-A-48-97155 97156 (JP, A) JP-A-9-271691 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) B03B 1/00-13/06 B29B 17/00-17/02
Claims (2)
水溶液に、界面活性剤を添加して調製した比重液を用い
て、混合破砕廃棄プラスチックから含塩素重合体を分別
する方法。1. A method for separating a chlorine-containing polymer from a mixed and crushed waste plastic by using a specific gravity solution prepared by adding a surfactant to an aqueous solution in which sodium iodide (NaI) is dissolved.
ルエーテルである請求項１に記載の混合破砕廃棄プラス
チックからの含塩素重合体の分別方法。2. The method for fractionating a chlorine-containing polymer from a mixed and crushed waste plastic according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32167099A JP3330108B2 (en) | 1999-11-11 | 1999-11-11 | Separation method of chlorine-containing polymer from mixed crushed waste plastic |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32167099A JP3330108B2 (en) | 1999-11-11 | 1999-11-11 | Separation method of chlorine-containing polymer from mixed crushed waste plastic |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001137739A JP2001137739A (en) | 2001-05-22 |
| JP3330108B2 true JP3330108B2 (en) | 2002-09-30 |
Family
ID=18135111
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32167099A Expired - Fee Related JP3330108B2 (en) | 1999-11-11 | 1999-11-11 | Separation method of chlorine-containing polymer from mixed crushed waste plastic |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3330108B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4665129B2 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2011-04-06 | シャープ株式会社 | Waste recycling method, waste recycling system, plastic composition raw material, member made of plastic composition, and manufacturing method thereof |
| KR100528646B1 (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2005-11-15 | 한국생산기술연구원 | A recycling method of multilayer packaging film waste |
| FR2936432B1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-09-16 | Gallo Plastics | PROCESS FOR THE SELECTIVE SEPARATION OF USED ORGANIC MATERIALS, FRAGMENTED BY MEANS OF AQUEOUS MEDIUM OF SELECTED DENSITY |
| FR2962665B1 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-07-27 | Galloo Plastics | PRE-CONCENTRATION AND SIMULTANEOUS PRESELECTION OF AT LEAST ONE GROUP OF RECIPROCATING POLYMERIC MATERIALS FROM LASTING MILLS OF SUSTAINABLE GOODS AT END OF LIFE |
| MX2016014752A (en) | 2014-05-11 | 2017-05-30 | Infimer Tech Ltd | Method of separating waste material. |
| CN104589545B (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2017-02-22 | 中南大学 | Method of separating chlorine-containing plastics from waste mixed plastics |
| CN114921103A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-19 | 扬州实嘉电缆材料有限公司 | High-strength nano SiO 2 Preparation method and application of modified polyvinyl chloride |
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