JP3317412B2 - Color tone feed for red sea bream - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a feed for improving the color tone of red sea bream.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, red sea bream has been widely cultivated. However, in the case of cultured red sea bream, the habitat and the feed are different from those of natural sea bream. There was a point. The red color of the epidermis of this natural red sea bream is a carotenoid pigment, especially astaxanthin (3,3'-
Dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4,4'-dione), which improves the color of cultured red sea bream by feeding on crustaceans such as red shrimp, islet and krill that contain this pigment in large amounts. It is well known.

[0003] However, ordinary mysids and shrimps have a water content of 70%.
Since it is an organism (raw material) containing up to 90%, it must be stored frozen, and if stored poorly, freshness will decrease and astaxanthin will be degraded. In addition, when these are administered in a large amount for a long period of time, the nutritional balance is lost, and the growth of red sea bream is inhibited. Furthermore, in the case of using a myrtle, shrimp, etc. as a raw material of a compound feed, it is necessary to make the dried product about 10% in moisture. Not easy to change to Astacin.

Accordingly, dry pellets and moist pellets containing natural pigments such as krill extracted oil, crayfish extracted oil, paprika extracted oil and the like, or synthetic pigments such as synthetic astaxanthin and capsanthin have been developed and rapidly spread. did.

However, current color tone improving feeds containing natural pigments require 90 days or more until a sufficient color deepening effect is obtained, and the prices are natural products, so that they are easily affected by the weather and the like. In addition, color-improving feeds containing synthetic pigments (especially synthetic astaxanthin) have regulations that limit the amount of pigment added to the feed to 100 ppm or less. It is difficult to adjust the period until the effect is obtained.

On the other hand, red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma has been studied as a new source of astaxanthin, and has been found to be very effective as a feed for improving the color tone of red sea bream (Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-61907).

[0007]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a color tone improving feed which has an excellent color deepening effect by short-term administration.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted research to develop an excellent color improving feed for red sea bream,
It has been found that by providing a feed in which an astaxanthin-producing bacterium belonging to Phaffia rhodozyma and a natural pigment or a synthetic pigment are mixed at an appropriate ratio, the color development period of cultured red sea bream can be reduced, and the present invention has been completed. .

The present invention relates to Phaffia Rodchima (Phaff
The present invention relates to a color improving feed for red sea bream containing at least one of a culture, a cell, a cell decomposition product, and a cell crushed product of astaxanthin-producing bacteria belonging to ia rhodozyma), and further containing a natural pigment or a synthetic pigment.

[0010] Phaffia rhodozyma used in the present invention
Representative bacteria of astaxanthin-producing bacteria belonging to (Phaffia rhodozyma) are ATCC 24202, the American
Type Culture Collection (The American Type
Culture Collection) Catalog of strains
1 Sixteenth Edition 1985 (Catalogue
of strains 1 Sixteens Edition 1985). Of course, many strains other than this example can be used.

[0011] In order to select this, yeast extract (Yeast Extract) / malt extract (Malt Extract)
Extract) medium, inoculate a strain showing a characteristic red color, examine the amount of astaxanthin accumulated by a conventional method, and use a strain having a high accumulation ability. This strain is called glucose,
Maltose, carbon source such as sucrose, yeast extract, malt extract, organic or inorganic nitrogen source such as ammonium sulfate, weakly acidic (pH 5-6) medium containing other trace nutrients, 15 ~ 25 ° C. (preferably (20-22 ° C)
Astaxanthin accumulates in the cells by culturing under aerobic conditions.

In the feed of the present invention, this culture or a concentrate thereof can be used. Alternatively, cells in a culture solution obtained by centrifugation may be used. Furthermore, astaxanthin accumulated in the cells by destroying the cell wall of the cells by any of chemical treatments such as autolysis, enzymatic treatment, acid hydrolysis, and physical treatments such as grinding, sonication, and pressure crushing Can also be used.

In the case of self-digestion, the cells may be washed with water and the wet cells may be allowed to stand according to a conventional method. In the case of enzymatic treatment, the cell walls produced by lysozyme, Bacillus circulans, etc. may be dissolved. The enzyme may be brought into contact with the cells by a conventional method. In addition, the acid hydrolysis treatment may be performed with an acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid to such an extent that the cell walls of the cells are easily digested in the fish, and the pressure crushing is performed using a pressure crusher such as a generally used French press. What is necessary is just to destroy the cell wall of the fungus. The ultrasonic treatment may be performed by treating the cells with ultrasonic waves to such an extent that the cell walls of the cells are destroyed.

The natural pigment used in the present invention may be a pigment extracted from a natural product, and is not limited by the type of extraction raw material and the extraction method. Pigments extracted from species,
It is desirable to use pigments extracted from plants such as paprika extract pigments.

The feed of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the above-mentioned natural pigment or synthetic pigment with the above-mentioned culture, cell, cell decomposition product or cell crush of the astaxanthin-producing bacterium. The addition ratio (weight ratio) of the natural or synthetic dye to the astaxanthin producing bacterium is preferably 0.1 to 10 times, more preferably 1 to 3 times the amount of astaxanthin in the producing bacterium. If the amount of the natural pigment or the synthetic pigment is too small, the color development is slow, and if it is too large, the color development is close to that of natural red sea bream and the purpose is not achieved.

The feed of the present invention can be used by simply mixing an astaxanthin-producing bacterium and a natural or synthetic pigment, but generally used feed materials such as fish meal, krill meal, soybean oil cake, corn gluten meal, tolula yeast, Mix with flour, rice bran cake, vitamin mixture, etc.
It is preferable to use it as a compound feed molded into a pellet or mash. The amount of astaxanthin derived from astaxanthin-producing bacteria in the mixed feed is preferably from 50 to 200 ppm.

Since the feed of the present invention promotes the deposition of astaxanthin pigment on the epidermis of cultured red sea bream, it may be given from about 60 days before the scheduled shipping, and the color fry period can be greatly reduced.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples.

【Example】

Example 1 Coloring effect on red sea bream epidermis The coloring effect of the feed of the present invention on red sea bream was examined by the following method. (1) Method (1-1) Test period June 8 to August 8, 1992 (1-2) Test fish One test was conducted on red sea bream with an average body weight of 900 g that had been trained only with a compound feed that did not contain astaxanthin. Each ward contained 2500 fish. (1-3) Breeding conditions (breeding aquarium) 7m x 7m x 7m marine ikesu (feeding) Morning and evening meals were fed twice until the test fish became saturated.

(2) Method of judging color-developing effect (2-1) Intraocular observation of body color At the end of the color-developing test, the body color and the color of the caudal fin were observed, and the degree of color development was ranked internally. (Estimated rank of intraocular coloring) ++++: Body surface and caudal fin red are deeper, red chromaticity and color tone are equal to or higher than that of natural red sea bream ++: Body surface and caudal fin red are observed, but about +++ Not dark +: Red is observed on the body surface and caudal fin, but not as dark as ++-: Black is scarcely observed on the body surface and caudal fin

(2-2) Measurement of total carotenoid content on the body surface After the sample test, ten fishes were randomly selected from each section, and immediately killed, and the epidermis (scale and epidermis 100 cm ² /
(Per fish). The peeled epidermis was ground with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the crude carotenoid was extracted with acetone. The obtained crude carotenoid extract is concentrated under reduced pressure,
The mixture was transferred to a separating funnel containing petroleum ether, and the carotenoid pigment was converted into petroleum ether. The obtained crude carotenoid petroleum ether solution was washed with water, dehydrated with anhydrous sodium carbonate, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a constant solution. The petroleum ether solution of the crude carotenoid thus obtained was subjected to a visible absorption curve with a spectrophotometer at 470 nm.
The total amount of carotenoids was determined from the absorption value of the maximum absorption appearing in the vicinity with the specific absorption coefficient E = 2000.

The formula feed for red sea bream used for the test was fish meal 65
%, Corn gluten meal 5%, powdered starch 25%, vitamin mixture (Hulver formula (1957)) 1%, inorganic salt mixture (USP (U.S. Pharmacopoeia) XII No.2) 4% And each of the dye sources shown in Table 1 were added.

[0022]

[Table 1]

The results obtained are shown in Table 2.

[Table 2]

As shown in Table 2, by rearing red sea bream using feeder supplemented with Phaffia rhodozyma cells containing astaxanthin and natural or synthetic pigments, the epidermis of red sea bream uses these pigment sources alone. It turned out that it became red faster, had a larger total amount of carotenoids accumulated, and had a color tone similar to that of natural red sea bream than the case given by.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] [1] Phaffia rhodochima
A color improving feed for red sea bream, comprising a culture, a cell, a cell decomposed product, or a cell crushed product of astaxanthin-producing bacteria belonging to zyma), and further comprising synthetic astaxanthin .