JP3317291B2 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display using an antiferroelectric liquid crystal.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, liquid crystal cells have been widely used as display elements utilizing characteristics such as thinness, light weight, and low power consumption. Most of these display elements are TN type using nematic liquid crystal. It is a liquid crystal cell. In the display method of the TN type liquid crystal cell, since the driving is based on the anisotropy of the relative permittivity of the liquid crystal, the response speed is slow, and there is a need for improvement.

On the other hand, a chiral smectic C phase (SmC) exhibiting ferroelectricity discovered by Meyer et al.
A liquid crystal cell using a liquid crystal having ( ^* phase) has a high-speed response and a memory property that cannot be achieved by a nematic liquid crystal. For this reason, application research on ferroelectric liquid crystal cells utilizing these characteristics has been vigorously conducted. But,
Achieving good orientation and memory properties required for this display method in an actual liquid crystal cell is vulnerable to external shocks and the like, so there are many problems to be solved.

On the other hand, by Chandani Mr. etc. Recently, the SmC ^* phase antiferroelectric phase showing three stable states on the lower temperature side of (SmC _A ^* phase) was found. This SmC
_{The A} ^* phase is a thermodynamically stable phase in which dipoles are arranged antiparallel in each adjacent layer, and has a distinct threshold and double hysteresis characteristics with respect to applied voltage. An electric field-induced phase transition between the dielectric phase and the ferroelectric phase occurs. Therefore, application of this switching behavior to a new display method, for example, investigation of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal cell has begun.

Incidentally, the double hysteresis characteristic of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal in such a liquid crystal cell has a relationship between the applied voltage and the amount of transmitted light as schematically shown in FIG. For example, a liquid crystal cell formed by superposing an alignment-processed two electrode substrates via a spacer and injecting an antiferroelectric liquid crystal between the two electrode substrates is installed in a polarization microscope with a photomultiplier tube. It can be obtained by applying a triangular wave voltage to the liquid crystal cell under crossed Nicols of both polarizing plates and measuring a change in transmitted light at that time.

[0006] The contrast of this liquid crystal cell is expressed by bright luminance /
It can be represented by the ratio of dark luminance. Here, the bright luminance corresponds to b% in FIG. 14, and the dark luminance corresponds to a%. These values can be obtained by setting the polarization microscope light source so that the transmitted light amount is always constant, setting the luminance at that time to 100%, and setting the luminance in the completely light-shielded state to 0%.

Therefore, in order to improve the contrast in such a liquid crystal cell, it can be said from the definition of the above-mentioned contrast that the reduction of dark luminance is effective. This dark luminance is the light transmittance in the absence of an electric field, and depends on the quality of the orientation state of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal cell.
That is, the antiferroelectric liquid crystal is different from the nematic liquid crystal,
Liquid crystal molecules form a layer structure called a smectic layer. For example, when an antiferroelectric liquid crystal is injected into a liquid crystal cell that has been subjected to a uniaxial alignment treatment such as a rubbing method, the optical axis of the liquid crystal is oriented in the rubbing direction. For example, in the case of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, the smectic layer is generally formed in a direction perpendicular to the rubbing direction, as shown in FIG.
Therefore, the crossed Nicol state of the optical axis of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal
A dark state can be obtained by combining one of the polarizing plates.

[0008]

However, when the liquid crystal cell is driven in this state, the smectic layer deviates from the initial state (a state parallel to the rubbing direction) as shown in FIG. In some cases, a layer rotation phenomenon of rotating in a plane (a plane parallel to the paper surface) is observed. When this phenomenon occurs, the optical axis of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal is shifted from the optical axis of the polarizing plate, so that light leakage increases in the dark state, causing a problem of lowering the contrast.

Recently, a layer rotation phenomenon in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal has been reported by Nakayama et al. (Nara National College of Technology).
However, the content is that the smectic layer rotates near the edge when an asymmetric waveform AC voltage is applied to a cell without an alignment film called a spacer edge cell in which antiferroelectric liquid crystal is horizontally aligned. Things. However, there is no mention of details of the cause of the layer rotation phenomenon or measures for preventing the layer rotation phenomenon in the liquid crystal cell.

On the other hand, the inventors of the present invention have found that although a liquid crystal cell in which an alignment film for stabilizing the alignment state of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal is formed on both electrode substrates, an AC voltage having a symmetric waveform is applied. Discovered that a layer rotation phenomenon similar to that described above occurs. The present invention is based on a novel discovery of a constituent factor of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal cell which controls the occurrence of such a layer rotation phenomenon.

That is, the present inventors have studied various experiments and the like. As a result, the layer rotation phenomenon is caused by the fall response speed of the light transmittance of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal when an AC voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell. We have found experimental evidence that it is associated with polar asymmetry. FIG. 16B shows an optical response waveform of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal when an AC voltage having a waveform as shown in FIG. 16A is applied to the liquid crystal cell. FIG. 17 shows each alignment state of the liquid crystal.

Here, the polarity asymmetry of the falling response speed of the light transmittance of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal refers to a bright state (F ⁺ ) when an AC voltage is applied in a positive electric field, as shown in FIG. :
The response time (τ _d ⁺ ) from a ferroelectric phase to a dark state (AF: antiferroelectric phase) and the light state (F ⁻ : ferroelectric phase) when an AC voltage is applied in a negative electric field to a dark state ( AF: antiferroelectric phase)
Is different from the response time (τ _d ⁻ ).

[0013] Therefore, the present inventors have both of these response time (τ _d ^{+), -} if approximate or equal to, (tau _d)
We focused on the fact that the layer rotation phenomenon of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal can be suppressed, and that the contrast can be prevented from lowering during operation. That is, as described above, AF, F ⁺ ,
The electric field-induced phase transition in the three states of F ⁻ is a phenomenon inherent to the antiferroelectric liquid crystal. Accordingly, the present inventors have found that in a liquid crystal cell driven by AC, the response time of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal from the first stable state (ferroelectric phase) to the third stable state (antiferroelectric phase) and the second stable state It has been recognized that if measures are taken to make the response time from the state (ferroelectric phase) to the third stable state approximate or equal, the layer rotation phenomenon of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal can be suppressed.

The present inventors have also confirmed that the layer rotation phenomenon can be suppressed by approximating or equalizing the two response speeds, not limited to the rubbing conditions and the panel configuration. The following countermeasures can be considered as examples of approximating or equalizing both response speeds. (1) By approximating or equalizing the alignment action of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal in both electrode substrates, substantially the same alignment state is realized in the F ⁺ state and the F ⁻ state. For example, it is conceivable to unify the types of alignment molecular films of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal, make the rubbing conditions the same, and unify the optical refractive index anisotropy of both alignment films. (2) It is conceivable to give an offset (DC component superposition) to the voltage waveform applied to the liquid crystal cell on the side of the polarity where the response time of the light transmittance of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal is long.

Therefore, the present invention has been made from the viewpoint described above.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device that is devised to suppress the layer rotation phenomenon of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal.

[0016]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the control device of the liquid crystal display device is configured to change the antiferroelectric liquid crystal of the liquid crystal cell from the first ferroelectric state. A DC component is superimposed on the applied voltage and applied to the liquid crystal cell so as to approximate the response time to the antiferroelectric state and the second response time from the second ferroelectric state to the antiferroelectric state.

Thus, the layer rotation of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal can be suppressed, and as a result, a favorable display contrast can be ensured.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In manufacturing the liquid crystal cell according to the present invention, many liquid crystal cells having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 were prepared.
These liquid crystal cells are provided with two electrode substrates 10, 20 respectively.
Are overlapped via a spacer 30, a band-shaped seal and adhesive fine particles (not shown), and an antiferroelectric liquid crystal 40 is sealed between the two electrode substrates 10 and 20.

Here, the electrode substrate 10 is a glass substrate 11
Are provided with a plurality of transparent electrodes 12 (Indium T
in Oxide), an insulating film (not shown), and an alignment film 13 are sequentially formed. On the other hand, the electrode substrate 20 is formed by sequentially forming a plurality of transparent electrodes 22 (made of Indium Tin Oxide), an insulating film (not shown), and an alignment film 23 on the inner surface of a glass substrate 21. The plurality of transparent electrodes 22 are formed so as to form a plurality of pixels in a lattice shape together with the plurality of transparent electrodes 12. The thickness of the glass substrates 11 and 21 is 1.1 mm, and the thickness of the layer of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal 40 is 1.8 μm.

The two alignment films 13 and 23 face each other with an antiferroelectric liquid crystal 40 interposed therebetween on their inner surfaces. These alignment films 13 and 23 are made of the same kind of polymer material (for example, polyimide). Thus, they are formed with the same film thickness (for example, 200 °). In order to align the liquid crystal molecules of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal 40, rubbing treatment is performed on the inner surfaces of the alignment films 13 and 23 for each liquid crystal cell under the following conditions.

That is, rubbing was performed by a method using a general rubbing roller. The rubbing direction is the orientation film 1
In Nos. 3 and 23, they were antiparallel to each other, and the rubbing roller feeding direction was opposite to the roller rotation direction. As the rubbing cloth, a nylon cloth was used. The roller radius of the rubbing roller is 3.7 cm, and the number of roller rotation is 1
000r. p. m, the moving speed of the stage on which the liquid crystal cell was placed was 3.3 cm / sec, and the number of rubbing times was 5. The amount of the rubbing roller pressed into the inner surface of the alignment film was 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.

As the antiferroelectric liquid crystal 40, 4- (1-
Trifluoromethylheptoxycarbonyl) phenyl-
4'-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate (hereinafter referred to as TFMHPOBC), 4- (1-trifluoromethylheptoxycarbonyl) phenyl-4 '
-Decylbiphenyl-4-carboxylate (hereinafter referred to as T
FMHPDBC), 4- (methylheptoxycarbonyl) phenyl-4'-octyloxybiphenyl-
A mixed solution containing 4-carboxylate (hereinafter, referred to as MHPOBC) and a homolog thereof was employed.

This liquid mixture shows the following phase sequence.

(−20 ° C.) (70 ° C.) (72 ° C.) (85 ° C.) Crystal → SmC _A ^* → SmC ^* → SmA → Isotropic Liquid Here, the SmC _A ^* phase is an antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystal. A SmC ^* phase represents a ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal phase, and an SmA phase represents a paraelectric smectic liquid crystal phase.

For each liquid crystal cell manufactured as described above,
The following method of measuring the layer rotation phenomenon was applied. First, the electrode substrate 10 is placed in a hot stage capable of controlling the temperature.
Is positioned on the upper side of the electrode substrate 20.
It is set on the stage of a polarizing microscope. At this time, the liquid crystal cell is arranged between the two polarizing plates of the polarizing microscope arranged in a crossed Nicols state. Then, a photomultiplier for transmitted light intensity detection is provided above the polarization microscope and connected to an oscilloscope to monitor the electro-optical characteristics of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal 40.

In such a monitor state, the stage is rotated so as to provide a dark field with no electric field applied to the liquid crystal cell. That is, the optical axis of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal coincides with the optical axis of one of the polarizers and forms 0 degree. In this state, after wiring is performed so that the electrode substrate 10 is on the positive side and the electrode substrate 20 is on the negative side, an AC voltage having a waveform shown in FIG. F ⁺ → AF response time _{^{(τ d +), F -}} → AF response time (τ _d ^-) and measuring the layer rotation angle theta.

The measurement of the response time τ _d (= τ _d ⁺ or τ _d ⁻ ) confirms that the transmitted light intensities in the bipolar F state (F ⁺ and F ⁻ states) are equal immediately after the application of the AC voltage. After that, assuming that the transmitted light intensity in the F state is 100% and the transmitted light intensity in the AF state is 0%, the time from 100% to 0% is measured in both polarities. The response time is 10
When the time is longer than 0 msec, since the return from the F state to the AF state is not completed, the reset period of the applied voltage waveform only during the response period measurement is changed to a length that returns to the AF state.

Further, in one liquid crystal cell and another liquid crystal cell,
And both response times τ_d ⁺ , Τ_d ^- The difference between is the same
Also, τ_d ⁺ And τ_d ^-Each length is slightly depending on the liquid crystal cell
The response time has different polar asymmetries
come. Therefore, the degree of the polarity asymmetry of the response time is
It was standardized as follows. That is, both measured response times τ
_d ⁺ , Τ_d ^- Difference Δτ between_d (= Τ_d ⁺ −τ_d ^-), Both
Response time τ_d ⁺ , Τ_d ^-The average value τ of_dav (= (Τ_d ⁺ +
τ_d ^-) / 2) divided by Δτ_d / Τ_dav Using
Was.

With respect to the layer rotation angle θ, the stage is rotated so that a dark field is obtained when there is no electric field after 10 minutes have passed from the application of a voltage to the liquid crystal cell. I do. The reason why the layer rotation angle θ after the lapse of 10 minutes is used is that the increase in the layer rotation angle θ is saturated in about 10 minutes in each of the liquid crystal cells. The direction of the layer rotation angle of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal is
When the optical axis of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal is rotated counterclockwise from 0 degrees in a state where the liquid crystal cell with the top is viewed from the top, it is positive when the optical axis is rotated clockwise and negative when the optical axis is rotated clockwise. .

Production Example 1 Of the liquid crystal cells produced as described above, cell No. A
The response times τ _d ⁺ , τ _d ⁻ , Δτ _d , Δτ _d / τ _dav and the layer rotation angle θ of the eight liquid crystal cells 11 to A18 were measured by the above-described measuring method, and the results are shown in FIG. I got the result like this. However, for these eight liquid crystal cells, of the rubbing conditions described above,
Both the electrode substrates 10 and 20 are manufactured in the same manner as 0.3 mm.

Production Example 2 Of the liquid crystal cells produced as described above, cell No. B
The response times τ _d ⁺ , τ _d ⁻ , Δτ _d , Δτ _d / τ _dav and the layer rotation angle θ of the four liquid crystal cells 11 to B14 were measured by the above-described measurement methods, and the results are shown in FIG. I got the result like this. However, for these four liquid crystal cells, of the rubbing conditions described above,
The upper substrate (electrode substrate 10) is made 0.3 mm, and the lower substrate (electrode substrate 20) is made 0.5 mm.

Production Example 3 Of the liquid crystal cells produced as described above, cell No. C
The response times τ _d ⁺ , τ _d ⁻ , Δτ _d , Δτ _d / τ _dav and the layer rotation angle θ of the four liquid crystal cells 11 to C14 were measured by the above-described measurement method, and are shown in the chart of FIG. I got the result like this. However, for these four liquid crystal cells, of the rubbing conditions described above,
The upper substrate (electrode substrate 10) is made 0.5 mm, and the lower substrate (electrode substrate 20) is made 0.3 mm.

FIG. 6 shows each liquid crystal cell of Production Examples 1 to 3.
Based on the measurement results, the layer rotation angles θ and Δτ_d / Τ_dav When
Shows the characteristics between Here, in FIG.
The characteristics in the case of Production Example 1 are shown.
The symbol ▲ indicates the characteristic in the case of Production Example 3.
You. According to the characteristics of FIG. 6, both response times τ_d ⁺ , Τ _d 
^- Are closer to each other, the layer rotation of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal becomes
It can be seen that it hardly occurs.

Further, the present inventors have found that when the layer rotation angle θ of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal is out of the range of -1 ° to + 1 °, the darkness of the orientation of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal deteriorates, and It has been confirmed by experiments and the like that the contrast is reduced to 90% or less of the initial value. Therefore, in order to ensure the above-mentioned contrast well, the allowable angle range of the layer rotation angle θ is as follows:
It is preferable that the angle be in the range of -1 ° to + 1 °.

Further, as in the liquid crystal cell of Preparation Example 1, if the rubbing amount is equal for both the electrode substrates 10 and 20, the degree of polarity asymmetry of the response time τ _d is small and the cell N
O. Except for A11, A12, A14 and A17, the layer rotation angle θ is kept within the allowable angle range. However, as in the case of the liquid crystal cells of both Production Examples 2 and 3, when the rubbing indentation amounts of the two electrode substrates 10 and 20 are different, the degree of asymmetry of the response time τ _d increases, and the layer rotation angle θ Is also getting bigger.

From the above, when the configurations of the two electrode substrates 10 and 20 are the same as each other, these two electrode substrates 10 and 20
If the rubbing conditions (for example, the rubbing indentation amount) are the same, the same alignment regulating force is applied to each alignment film of the electrode substrates 10 and 20 after the rubbing, whereby the layer rotation angle θ Is considered to be able to suppress the occurrence of.

However, as shown in FIG.
In the case of a liquid crystal cell having a configuration in which a color filter 61 or the like is added to only one of the electrode substrates 60 among 0 and 60,
The thicknesses of the two electrode substrates 50 and 60 are different from each other. For this reason, it is necessary to adjust the rubbing conditions (rubbing push-in amount, rubbing rotation speed, etc.) for both electrode substrates 50 and 60 by experiments and the like in advance so as to suppress the layer rotation phenomenon to the allowable angle range.

If the response time τ _d is measured and inspected during the actual manufacturing process of the liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal cell having a poor contrast due to the layer rotation can be eliminated. Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In a liquid crystal cell using a nematic liquid crystal as a liquid crystal, as a general means for inspecting the alignment abnormality of the liquid crystal,
The measurement of the optical phase difference of the inner surface of the alignment film after rubbing has been reported by Nishino et al. (Refer to the 17th Liquid Crystal Symposium Proceedings, page 33 (1991)). This report examines an abnormality in the alignment regulating force of the alignment film based on the abnormality in the value of the optical phase difference.

The polymer constituting the alignment film is stretched in a uniaxial direction by rubbing, and develops optical refractive index anisotropy in the rubbing direction. Here, the direction and the magnitude of the refractive index anisotropy are represented as an optical retardation value Δnd. And
Generally, in a region where the magnitude of the refractive index anisotropy is uniform in the rubbing direction, the liquid crystal molecules are uniformly aligned.

In the rubbing step, irregularities and foreign substances on the electrode substrate adhere to the inner surface of the alignment film to be rubbed, causing non-uniform alignment regulating force. The cell NO. In the case of the fabrication example 1 described in the first embodiment. A11, A12,
In each of the liquid crystal cells A14 and A17, it is presumed that the alignment regulating force became non-uniform for some reason. Therefore, the present inventors grasp the orientation regulating force not from the viewpoint of Δτ _d / τ _dav but from the viewpoint of the phase difference value Δnd of the alignment film, and thereby, the degree of polarity asymmetry of the response time τ _d and the layer rotation can be obtained. The degree of occurrence was observed.

In measuring the phase difference value of the alignment film, a high-sensitivity automatic birefringence measuring device (ADR-100X manufactured by Oak Manufacturing Co., Ltd.)
Y type). Sixteen liquid crystal cells having the same configuration as in the first embodiment were manufactured. In addition, before superposing both electrode substrates of each liquid crystal cell, the phase difference value of each alignment film of both electrode substrates was measured. Here, the measurement spot had a diameter of 1 mm.

In this measurement, the influence of the background can be removed by measuring the phase difference value before and after rubbing and subtracting the value before rubbing from the value after rubbing. Thereby, the refractive index anisotropy of the alignment film induced by the rubbing can be obtained as a retardation value. The charts of FIGS. 8 and 9 show a difference ΔD (= phase difference value Δnd of the alignment film of the lower substrate−phase difference value Δnd of the alignment film of the upper substrate) of the phase difference value of the two alignment films in the overlapping region of each liquid crystal cell. ) And the measured layer rotation angle θ
Is shown. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the layer rotation angle θ and the difference ΔD of the phase difference value created based on the results shown in the tables of FIGS. 8 and 9.

According to this, in order to make the layer rotation angle θ fall within the allowable angle range, the difference Δnd between the phase difference values Δnd of both alignment films is obtained.
It was found that D should be -0.1 nm or more and +0.1 nm or less. That is, by using the phase difference value Δnd of both alignment films corresponding to ΔD in such a range,
Layer rotation of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal can be suppressed. Further, the difference ΔD between the phase difference values and Δτ _d /
When the relationship with τ _dav was examined, the result as shown in FIG. 11 was obtained.

According to this, it is understood that ΔD and Δτ _d / τ _dav are substantially proportional to each other. Therefore, the layer rotation suppression from the viewpoint of the phase difference value of the alignment film in the second embodiment and the Δτ _d /
With layer rotation suppression from the viewpoint of τ _dav , ideally,
It seems that there is no difference in accuracy. However, in the rubbing condition, although the setting of the rubbing pushing amount and the number of rotations of the roller are easy, other condition settings are unstable. Therefore, as in Production Example 1, the layer rotation angle θ and Δτ _d / τ _dav
If the layer rotation of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal is suppressed from the viewpoint of the relationship, the variation is likely to occur. On the other hand, the measurement of the phase difference value Δnd of the alignment film is easier and more stable. As a result, from the viewpoint of the phase difference value of the alignment film, it is considered that it is more accurate to suppress the occurrence of layer rotation at present.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the first and second embodiments, Δτ _d /
From the viewpoint of τ _dav and the phase difference value Δnd, fabrication of a liquid crystal cell capable of suppressing the occurrence of layer rotation of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal has been described. In contrast, in the third embodiment, when a DC component is superimposed on an AC voltage applied to the liquid crystal cell, the effective voltage applied to the antiferroelectric liquid crystal increases and decreases, and the value of the response time τ _d also increases and decreases. Attention was paid to the fact that the polarity can be symmetric.

For example, the operation described in the first embodiment is performed.
In a liquid crystal cell in the case of Production Example 2, τ_d ⁺ = 80
ms and τ_d ^- = 14 ms, response time τ_d But
It is polar asymmetric, and the layer rotation angle θ is 7 °. This
For such a liquid crystal cell, a DC component (−0.
8V) (see FIG. 12) is shown in FIG.
Applied from the scan electrode drive circuit of the control device S,
τ_d ⁺ = 34 ms, τ _d ^- = Polarity to be 35ms
After the symmetry, the layer rotation angle θ of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal is approximately
It could be 0 °.

Here, the control device S sets the vertical synchronizing signal VS
The control circuit controls the drive voltage waveform applied to the liquid crystal cell of the scan electrode drive circuit based on the YC and the horizontal synchronization signal HSYC, and controls the liquid crystal of the signal voltage drive circuit based on the ANR, G, B signals and the control output from the control circuit. It is configured to control an applied voltage to the cell.

[0048] Incidentally, in implementing the present invention, the value of the superimposed DC voltage with respect to the AC voltage as described in the third embodiment, tau _d ⁺ and tau _d ^- and well be selected such that approximate or equal For example, of the optical response waveforms shown in FIG. 2B, the time required for the falling waveform portion from the F ⁺ state to the AF state to fall and the F ^- state to the AF state.
The DC voltage may be superimposed on one of the falling waveform portions so that the time required for the falling waveform portion to enter the state to approximate or equal the time required for the falling waveform portion.

In the third embodiment, an example in which a combined voltage obtained by superimposing a DC voltage on an AC voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell described in the first embodiment to suppress the occurrence of layer rotation. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and even if the above-described combined voltage is applied to a liquid crystal cell which is not subjected to the rubbing conditions described in the first embodiment and the above-described operation is performed,
The same operation and effect as the embodiment can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of each liquid crystal cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a timing chart showing a voltage waveform applied to each liquid crystal cell, and FIG. 2B is a timing chart showing an optical response state of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal when a voltage is applied to each liquid crystal cell. It is a chart.

FIG. 3 is a table showing measurement data of each liquid crystal cell in Production Example 1.

FIG. 4 is a table showing measurement data of each liquid crystal cell in Production Example 2.

FIG. 5 is a table showing measurement data of each liquid crystal cell in Production Example 3.

FIG. 6: Layer rotation angle θ and Δτ _d / τ of antiferroelectric liquid crystal
FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship with _dav .

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal cell having a color filter.

FIG. 8 is a table showing a part of measurement data of each liquid crystal cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a table showing a remaining part of each liquid crystal cell measurement data in the second embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between a layer rotation angle θ of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal and a difference ΔD between both phase difference values Δnd.

FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between Δτ _d / τ _dav and ΔD.

FIG. 12 shows a DC component (−) added to the AC voltage shown in FIG.
8 is a timing chart showing a voltage waveform when superimposed is 0.8 V).

FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of a control device connected to the liquid crystal cell of the first embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a double hysteresis diagram showing the relationship between the light transmittance of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal and the applied voltage.

FIGS. 15 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams respectively showing liquid crystal molecular states before and after occurrence of layer rotation of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal in a rubbed liquid crystal cell.

FIG. 16 (a) is a timing chart showing a voltage waveform applied to a liquid crystal cell into which antiferroelectric liquid crystal has been injected, and FIG. 16 (b) is a timing chart of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell. 5 is a timing chart showing an optical response state.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating a change in a liquid crystal molecular state of the antiferroelectric liquid crystal when a voltage is applied to the antiferroelectric liquid crystal.

[Explanation of symbols]

10, 20, 50, 60 ... electrode substrate, 13, 23
..Orientation film, S ... Control device.

Continuing on the front page (72) Norio Yamamoto, Inventor 14 Iwatani, Shimowasumi-machi, Nishio-shi, Aichi Prefecture Inside Japan Automotive Parts Research Institute Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yuichiro Yamada 1-1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi Pref. 72) Inventor Masaaki Ozaki 1-1-1, Showa-cho, Kariya-shi, Aichi Pref. Denso Corporation (56) References JP-A-7-43676 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB Name) G02F 1/133 560 G09G 3/36

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second ferroelectric states are applied when a positive or negative voltage is applied to the first and second ferroelectric states, and the antiferroelectric liquid crystal enters an antiferroelectric state when no voltage is applied. And a control device (S) for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cell and controlling the driving of the liquid crystal cell, wherein the control device includes the first ferroelectric. A DC component is superimposed on the applied voltage and applied to the liquid crystal cell so as to approximate a response time from a state to the antiferroelectric state and a response time from the second ferroelectric state to the antiferroelectric state. A liquid crystal display device comprising: