JP3312964B2 - Cross flow filtration method - Google Patents
Cross flow filtration methodInfo
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- JP3312964B2 JP3312964B2 JP20951893A JP20951893A JP3312964B2 JP 3312964 B2 JP3312964 B2 JP 3312964B2 JP 20951893 A JP20951893 A JP 20951893A JP 20951893 A JP20951893 A JP 20951893A JP 3312964 B2 JP3312964 B2 JP 3312964B2
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- filtration
- filter
- liquid
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はクロスフロー濾過方法に
関する。The present invention relates to a cross-flow filtration method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】クロスフロー濾過は、被処理液を濾過器
へ連続的に循環供給して同濾過器内に配置したフィルタ
の一側に沿って流動させ、この間前記フィルタの両側に
付与された所定の差圧により前記被処理液の一部を前記
フイルタの他側へ透過させて濾液として流出させるもの
で、その一例が特開平２−２８４６０８号公報に示され
ている。当該濾過方法は、被処理液をフイルターの一側
に沿って流動させながら濾過を行うもので、この間フィ
ルタの表面に堆積するケークの厚み（ケーク層）を被処
理液の平行流による剪断力にて最小の一定値に保持し
て、所定の大きさの混在物を基準としてそれより大きな
混在物の透過を阻止し、かつそれより小さな混在物を透
過させて安定した濾過状態を長時間維持しようと意図し
たものである。2. Description of the Related Art In cross-flow filtration, a liquid to be treated is continuously circulated and supplied to a filter so as to flow along one side of a filter arranged in the filter. A part of the liquid to be treated is allowed to permeate to the other side of the filter and flow out as a filtrate by a predetermined differential pressure, and one example thereof is disclosed in JP-A-2-284608. The filtration method performs filtration while flowing the liquid to be treated along one side of the filter. During this time, the thickness of the cake (cake layer) deposited on the surface of the filter is reduced by the shear force due to the parallel flow of the liquid to be treated. To prevent the permeation of larger contaminants based on the specified size of contaminants, and allow the permeation of smaller contaminants to maintain a stable filtration state for a long time. It is intended.
【０００３】当該濾過方法においては、被処理液中に混
在している数１０オングストローム〜数１０ミクロンと
いった微粒子、高分子物等の分離に適しており、各種の
分野で利用されている。例えば、食品分野における各種
飲料水、調味料等の仕上げ濾過、化学工業分野における
各種プロセス液の精製濾過、機械工作分野における各種
機械油、メッキ液の再生濾過、生化学分野におけるバイ
オ液、培養液の精製濾過、菌体濃縮等、広い分野でクロ
スフロー濾過が利用されている。The filtration method is suitable for separating fine particles such as tens of angstroms to tens of microns and high molecular substances mixed in the liquid to be treated, and is used in various fields. For example, various types of drinking water in the food field, finishing filtration of seasonings, etc., purification and filtration of various process liquids in the chemical industry field, various machine oils in the machine tooling field, regeneration filtration of plating solutions, bio-liquids and culture liquids in the biochemical field Cross-flow filtration is used in a wide range of fields such as purification and filtration of microorganisms and concentration of cells.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、このような
クロスフロー濾過方法を採用する場合には被処理液に適
したフィルタを選定することが必要であり、一般に被処
理液における混在物の粒子径、分子量等とフィルタの平
均細孔径（ポアサイズ）との関係で選定される。しかし
ながら、フィルタをこのような観点から選定しても混在
物の粒子径や分子量の分布状態がシャープでないため、
クロスフロー濾過の開始後早期にフィルタおよび層状ケ
ーク内の細孔が閉塞され、濾過許容時間が短くかつ濾過
効率が大きく低下する現象が認められる。従って、本発
明の目的は、このような問題に対処することにある。However, when such a cross-flow filtration method is employed, it is necessary to select a filter suitable for the liquid to be treated, and in general, the particle size of the contaminants in the liquid to be treated. , Molecular weight, etc. and the average pore size (pore size) of the filter. However, even if the filter is selected from such a viewpoint, the distribution state of the particle size and the molecular weight of the mixture is not sharp,
Shortly after the start of the cross-flow filtration, pores in the filter and the layered cake are closed, and a phenomenon is observed in which the permissible filtration time is short and the filtration efficiency is greatly reduced. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to address such problems.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、被処理液を濾
過器へ連続的に循環供給して同濾過器内に配置したフィ
ルタの一側に沿って流動させ、この間前記フィルタの両
側に付与された所定の差圧により前記被処理液の一部を
前記フイルタの他側へ透過させて濾液として流出させる
濾過工程を有するクロスフロー濾過方法において、前記
濾過工程の開始に先立って前記フイルタの他側を液体に
て封止し、その後前記被処理液を前記フイルタの一側に
沿って循環供給することを特徴とするものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a liquid to be treated is continuously circulated and supplied to a filter to flow along one side of a filter arranged in the filter. In a cross-flow filtration method having a filtration step of allowing a part of the liquid to be treated to permeate to the other side of the filter and flow out as a filtrate by the given predetermined differential pressure, the filtering of the filter prior to the start of the filtration step is performed. The other side is sealed with a liquid, and then the liquid to be treated is circulated and supplied along one side of the filter.
【０００６】しかして、本発明の濾過方法においては、
前記濾過工程の初期における濾過圧力をその後の濾過圧
力によりも低く設定することが好ましい。また、前記フ
ィルタの他側を封止する液体としては、前記被処理液の
液体媒体と同一の液体または水であることが好ましい。[0006] Thus, in the filtration method of the present invention,
It is preferable that the filtration pressure at the beginning of the filtration step is set lower than the subsequent filtration pressure. Further, the liquid for sealing the other side of the filter is preferably the same liquid or water as the liquid medium of the liquid to be treated.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明の作用・効果】クロスフロー濾過方法において
は、濾過開始時点から短時間の間に被処理液中の混在物
がフイルタの一側に層状に堆積して層状のケーク（ケー
ク層）を形成するが、本発明の方法を採用した場合に
は、濾過工程の初期にフィルタの他側が液体で封止状態
にあるため、フイルタの両側の差圧はフィルタの他側が
液体で封止状態にない従来の濾過方法に比較して低いた
め、形成される堆積ケークは従来の硬くて緻密な堆積ケ
ークに比較して柔軟で密度が粗な状態になる。このた
め、堆積ケークおよびフィルタは目的とする濾過に必要
な細孔を従来のものに比較してより多く具備することに
なり、濾過に適した状態をより長時間維持して濾過許容
時間を向上するとともに、濾過効率を高めることができ
る。In the cross-flow filtration method, the contaminants in the liquid to be treated are deposited in a layer on one side of the filter within a short time from the start of filtration to form a layered cake (cake layer). However, when the method of the present invention is adopted, the other side of the filter is sealed with liquid at the beginning of the filtration step, so the differential pressure on both sides of the filter is not sealed with liquid on the other side of the filter. Because it is lower than conventional filtration methods, the deposited cake formed is more flexible and less dense than conventional hard and dense deposited cakes. For this reason, the sediment cake and the filter will have more pores required for the intended filtration than the conventional one, and maintain a state suitable for the filtration for a longer time to improve the permissible filtration time. At the same time, the filtration efficiency can be increased.
【０００８】[0008]
（クロスフロー濾過装置）図１には本発明の濾過方法に
採用される濾過装置が示されている。当該濾過装置は被
処理液の貯溜タンク１１、循環ポンプ１２、濾過器１３
および熱交換器１４を備えていて、これらの各部品はこ
の順序で各連結管１５ａ，１５ｂ，１５ｃ，１５ｄを介
して直列的に接続されている。連結管１５ａにはドレン
ポート１６ａが設けられている。濾過器１３は公知のク
ロスフロー濾過器であり、多数の内孔を有する円柱状の
セラミック製のフィルタを筒状ケーシング内に収容して
形成されている。当該濾過器１３においては、ケーシン
グの底部に循環ポンプ１２に接続された連結管１５ｂが
接続されているとともに、ケーシングの頂部に熱交換器
１４に接続された連結管１５ｃが接続されている。ま
た、当該濾過器１３においては、ケーシングの上方側部
に濾液の流出管１６ｂが接続されている。(Cross Flow Filtration Apparatus) FIG. 1 shows a filtration apparatus employed in the filtration method of the present invention. The filtration device includes a storage tank 11 for the liquid to be treated, a circulation pump 12, and a filter 13.
And a heat exchanger 14, and these components are connected in series in this order via the connecting pipes 15a, 15b, 15c, and 15d. The connection pipe 15a is provided with a drain port 16a. The filter 13 is a known cross-flow filter, and is formed by accommodating a cylindrical ceramic filter having a large number of inner holes in a cylindrical casing. In the filter 13, the connection pipe 15b connected to the circulation pump 12 is connected to the bottom of the casing, and the connection pipe 15c connected to the heat exchanger 14 is connected to the top of the casing. In the filter 13, a filtrate outflow pipe 16b is connected to the upper side of the casing.
【０００９】（クロスフロー濾過方法）当該濾過装置に
おいては、貯溜タンク１１内の被処理液は循環ポンプ１
２の駆動により濾過器１３のケーシングの底部からフィ
ルタの各内孔内に供給され、フィルタの各内孔の周壁に
沿って上方へ流動してケーシングの頂部から熱交換器１
４に流出し、熱交換器１４から貯溜タンク１１内へ還流
する。この間、フィルタにはその外周側と内孔側に所定
の差圧が付与され、この差圧の作用により内孔内を流動
する被処理液の一部がフィルタの壁部を透過してその外
周へ流出し、流出した濾液は流出管１６ｂから外部へ流
出される。(Cross Flow Filtration Method) In the filtration device, the liquid to be treated in the storage tank 11 is
2 is supplied into each inner hole of the filter from the bottom of the casing of the filter 13 and flows upward along the peripheral wall of each inner hole of the filter to flow from the top of the casing to the heat exchanger 1.
4 and flows back from the heat exchanger 14 into the storage tank 11. During this time, a predetermined differential pressure is applied to the outer peripheral side and the inner hole side of the filter, and a part of the liquid to be processed flowing in the inner hole penetrates through the filter wall portion due to the action of the differential pressure. And the filtrate that has flowed out flows out of the outflow pipe 16b.
【００１０】しかして、本発明の濾過方法においては、
上記した濾過工程の開始に先立って貯溜タンク１１内に
水を貯溜し、かつドレンポート１６ａを閉止するととも
に流出管１６ｂを開成しておき、循環ポンプ１２を駆動
して貯溜タンク１１内の水を濾過器１３に循環供給す
る。循環経路が水で満たされた後流出管１６ｂを閉止す
るとともに循環ポンプ１２の駆動を停止して、連結管１
５ａのドレンポート１６ａを開成する。これにより、濾
過器１３内のフィルタの外周側、および排出管１６ｂを
除く全ての循環経路の水がドレンポート１６ａから排出
される。これにより、フイルタの外周側が水封止状態と
なる。この状態で、循環ポンプ１２を駆動して濾過工程
を開始するが、濾過工程の初期の短時間の間、例えば数
分〜数１０分間濾過圧力をその後の濾過圧力に比較して
低く設定する。すなわち、被処理液の供給圧を低くして
フィルタの内外の差圧を低く維持する。所定時間経過
後、被処理液の供給圧を高めて、フィルタの内外の差圧
（濾過圧）を高い状態に維持して濾過工程を続行する。However, in the filtration method of the present invention,
Prior to the start of the above-mentioned filtration step, water is stored in the storage tank 11, and the drain port 16a is closed and the outflow pipe 16b is opened. It is circulated and supplied to the filter 13. After the circulation path is filled with water, the outflow pipe 16b is closed, and the driving of the circulation pump 12 is stopped.
The drain port 16a of 5a is opened. As a result, the water on the outer peripheral side of the filter in the filter 13 and all the circulation paths except the discharge pipe 16b is discharged from the drain port 16a. Thereby, the outer peripheral side of the filter is in a water-sealed state. In this state, the circulating pump 12 is driven to start the filtration step. For a short time in the initial stage of the filtration step, for example, the filtration pressure is set to be lower than the subsequent filtration pressure for several minutes to several tens of minutes. That is, the supply pressure of the liquid to be treated is reduced, and the differential pressure between the inside and outside of the filter is maintained low. After a lapse of a predetermined time, the supply pressure of the liquid to be treated is increased, and the differential pressure (filtration pressure) between the inside and outside of the filter is maintained at a high state, and the filtration process is continued.
【００１１】本発明に係るクロスフロー濾過方法におい
ては、濾過工程の初期に被処理液中の混在物がフイルタ
の外周側に層状に堆積して層状のケークを形成するが、
この堆積する間は濾過圧力が低い状態にあるため、形成
される堆積ケークは従来の硬くて緻密な堆積ケークに比
較して柔軟で密度が粗な状態になる。このため、堆積ケ
ークおよびフィルタは目的とする濾過に必要な微細な細
孔を従来のものに比較して極めて多く具備し、濾過に適
した状態をより長時間維持して濾過効率を高めることが
できる。In the cross-flow filtration method according to the present invention, at the beginning of the filtration step, the contaminants in the liquid to be treated are deposited in layers on the outer peripheral side of the filter to form a layer cake.
During this deposition, the filtration pressure is low, so that the deposited cake is softer and has a lower density than the conventional hard and dense deposited cake. For this reason, the sediment cake and the filter are provided with an extremely large number of fine pores required for the intended filtration as compared with the conventional one, and it is possible to maintain a state suitable for the filtration for a longer time to increase the filtration efficiency. it can.
【００１２】（実験例１）本実験では、被処理液として
セルラーゼ系の発酵液を使用して水媒体中の菌体を分離
して、水媒体に溶解している酵素等の有価物を回収する
ための濾過方法について、濾過効率が相違する４種類の
濾過実験を行った。また、本実験では図１に示す濾過装
置を使用したが、発酵液の濃度を実験中常に一定に維持
するために、流出管１６ｂを貯溜タンク１１に接続して
流出管１６ｂから流出する濾液を貯溜タンク１１に還流
する手段を採用した。(Experimental Example 1) In this experiment, a cellulase-based fermentation solution was used as a liquid to be treated to separate bacterial cells in an aqueous medium and recover valuable substances such as enzymes dissolved in the aqueous medium. Four types of filtration experiments having different filtration efficiencies were performed. In this experiment, the filtration device shown in FIG. 1 was used. However, in order to keep the concentration of the fermentation liquor constant during the experiment, the outflow pipe 16b was connected to the storage tank 11 to filter the filtrate flowing out of the outflow pipe 16b. A means for returning to the storage tank 11 was employed.
【００１３】第１濾過方法は水封止手段を採用しない従
来の濾過方法（NO.1）、第２濾過方法は水封止手段を採
用しない従来の濾過方法であるが濾過工程の初期には低
い濾過圧力を採用する濾過方法（NO.2）、第３濾過方法
は水封止手段を採用する本発明に係る濾過方法であって
濾過工程を通じて同一の濾過圧力を採用する濾過方法
（NO.3）、第４濾過方法は水封止手段を採用する本発明
に係る濾過方法であるが濾過工程の初期には低い濾過圧
力を採用する濾過方法（NO.4）である。The first filtration method is a conventional filtration method (No. 1) which does not employ a water sealing means, and the second filtration method is a conventional filtration method which does not employ a water sealing means. The filtration method employing a low filtration pressure (NO.2) and the third filtration method according to the present invention employing a water sealing means, wherein the same filtration pressure is employed throughout the filtration process (NO. 2). 3) The fourth filtration method is a filtration method according to the present invention employing a water sealing means, but is a filtration method (NO. 4) employing a low filtration pressure at the beginning of the filtration step.
【００１４】これらの各濾過方法において、第２，第４
濾過方法における濾過工程の初期の濾過圧力は1.2kgf/c
m2とし、その後の各濾過圧力は2kgf/cm2としている。ま
た、第１，第３濾過方法における濾過圧力は2kgf/cm2と
している。各濾過方法においてはフィルタとして、孔径
3mmの37本の内孔を有する長さ1000mm、直径30mm、濾過
面積0.35m2で、0.2μｍの平均細孔径を有する多孔質の
セラミック製モノリス型フィルタを採用し、被処理液の
温度を20℃、循環流速を3m/secに設定した。かかる実験
においては、濾過時間と濾液量との関係を測定するとと
もに、所定時間における酵素の透過率を測定した。得ら
れた結果を図２のグラフに示している。各グラフにおけ
る（）内の数値は透過率を示している。In each of these filtration methods, the second, fourth
The initial filtration pressure of the filtration step in the filtration method is 1.2 kgf / c
m 2 , and the subsequent filtration pressure is 2 kgf / cm 2 . Further, the filtration pressure in the first and third filtration methods is 2 kgf / cm 2 . For each filtration method, use a filter with a pore size
Length 1000mm with 37 pieces of the inner hole of 3 mm, a diameter of 30 mm, the filtration area of 0.35 m 2, employs a ceramic monolith filter porous with an average pore diameter of 0.2 [mu] m, the temperature of the liquid to be treated 20 ° C and the circulation flow rate were set at 3 m / sec. In such an experiment, the relationship between the filtration time and the amount of filtrate was measured, and the transmittance of the enzyme at a predetermined time was measured. The results obtained are shown in the graph of FIG. The numerical value in parentheses in each graph indicates the transmittance.
【００１５】（考察）各濾過方法においては、濾過許容
時間および濾過効率は第４濾過方法が最も高く、次いで
第３濾過方法、第２濾過方法、最後が第１濾過方法であ
って、本発明に係る第４，第３濾過方法が従来の濾過方
法に比較して濾過効率が極めて高いことが認められる。
また、本発明の両濾過方法においては、水封止手段を採
用するとともに濾過工程の初期に低いの濾過圧力を採用
した第４濾過方法が濾過許容時間および濾過効率の点で
優れていることが認められる。(Discussion) In each of the filtration methods, the permissible filtration time and the filtration efficiency are highest in the fourth filtration method, followed by the third filtration method, the second filtration method, and finally the first filtration method. It is recognized that the fourth and third filtration methods according to the above have extremely high filtration efficiency as compared with the conventional filtration methods.
Further, in both filtration methods of the present invention, the fourth filtration method employing a water sealing means and employing a low filtration pressure at the beginning of the filtration step is excellent in terms of permissible filtration time and filtration efficiency. Is recognized.
【００１６】（実験例２）本実験では、図１に示すクロ
スフロー濾過装置を使用するとともに、被処理液として
プロテアーゼ系の発酵液（Ａ）とアシラーゼ系の発酵液
（Ｂ）の２種類の発酵液を採用して、実験例１の第１濾
過方法（従来方法）と、第４濾過方法（本発明方法）に
より酵素の回収実験を行った。各濾過方法においては、
２０倍濃縮で１倍加水法を採用した。得られた結果を表
１に示す。(Experimental Example 2) In this experiment, the cross-flow filtration device shown in FIG. 1 was used, and two types of fermented solution of protease type (A) and fermented solution of acylase type (B) were used as the liquid to be treated. Using the fermentation liquor, an enzyme recovery experiment was performed by the first filtration method (conventional method) and the fourth filtration method (method of the present invention) of Experimental Example 1. In each filtration method,
A 20-fold concentration and a 1-fold watering method were employed. Table 1 shows the obtained results.
【００１７】[0017]
【表１】 第１濾過方法（従来方法） 第４濾過方法（本発明方法） Ａ液 ８２％ ９５％ Ｂ液 ８６％ ９６％Table 1 First filtration method (conventional method) Fourth filtration method (method of the present invention) Liquid A 82% 95% Liquid B 86% 96%
【図１】本発明のクロスフロー濾過方法に採用する濾過
装置の概略的な構成図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a filtration device employed in a cross-flow filtration method of the present invention.
【図２】各クロスフロー濾過方法における濾過時間と濾
液量との関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between a filtration time and a filtrate amount in each crossflow filtration method.
１１…貯溜タンク、１２…循環ポンプ、１３…濾過器、
１４…熱交換器。11: storage tank, 12: circulation pump, 13: filter,
14 ... heat exchanger.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) B01D 37/04 B01D 29/17 B01D 29/25 B01D 29/37 B01D 29/86 B01D 61/00 - 61/58 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuation of front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) B01D 37/04 B01D 29/17 B01D 29/25 B01D 29/37 B01D 29/86 B01D 61/00-61 / 58
Claims (3)
同濾過器内に配置したフィルタの一側に沿って流動さ
せ、この間前記フィルタの両側に付与された所定の差圧
により前記被処理液の一部を前記フイルタの他側へ透過
させて濾液として流出させる濾過工程を有するクロスフ
ロー濾過方法において、前記濾過工程の開始に先立って
前記フイルタの他側を液体で封止し、その後前記被処理
液を前記フィルタの一側に沿って循環供給することを特
徴とするクロスフロー濾過方法。1. A liquid to be treated is continuously circulated and supplied to a filter so as to flow along one side of a filter arranged in the filter, and a predetermined differential pressure applied to both sides of the filter during this time. In a cross-flow filtration method having a filtration step of allowing a part of the liquid to be processed to permeate to the other side of the filter and flowing out as a filtrate, the other side of the filter is sealed with a liquid prior to the start of the filtration step. And then circulating and supplying the liquid to be treated along one side of the filter.
おいて、前記濾過工程の初期における濾過圧力をその後
の濾過圧力よりも低く設定することを特徴とするクロス
フロー濾過方法。2. The cross-flow filtration method according to claim 1, wherein the filtration pressure at the beginning of the filtration step is set lower than the subsequent filtration pressure.
て、前記フィルタの他側を封止する液体が前記被処理液
の液体媒体と同一の液体または水であることを特徴とす
るクロスフロー濾過方法。3. The filtration method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid that seals the other side of the filter is the same liquid or water as the liquid medium of the liquid to be treated. Filtration method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20951893A JP3312964B2 (en) | 1993-08-24 | 1993-08-24 | Cross flow filtration method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20951893A JP3312964B2 (en) | 1993-08-24 | 1993-08-24 | Cross flow filtration method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0760029A JPH0760029A (en) | 1995-03-07 |
| JP3312964B2 true JP3312964B2 (en) | 2002-08-12 |
Family
ID=16574123
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20951893A Expired - Lifetime JP3312964B2 (en) | 1993-08-24 | 1993-08-24 | Cross flow filtration method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3312964B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4482488B2 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2010-06-16 | オルガノ株式会社 | Method and apparatus for treating inorganic wastewater |
| WO2010137763A1 (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-02 | Moon Sung Kyoon | Wastewater heat recovery device and method thereof |
-
1993
- 1993-08-24 JP JP20951893A patent/JP3312964B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0760029A (en) | 1995-03-07 |
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