JP3306523B2 - Distillation tower - Google Patents
Distillation towerInfo
- Publication number
- JP3306523B2 JP3306523B2 JP34213892A JP34213892A JP3306523B2 JP 3306523 B2 JP3306523 B2 JP 3306523B2 JP 34213892 A JP34213892 A JP 34213892A JP 34213892 A JP34213892 A JP 34213892A JP 3306523 B2 JP3306523 B2 JP 3306523B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- distillation column
- load
- packing
- fluid load
- diameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、蒸留塔に関し、詳しく
は、内部に規則充填材を充填した蒸留塔（吸収塔，精留
塔等の気液接触塔を含む）であって、蒸留塔中間部での
気液の導入・導出により、蒸留塔の上下方向における流
体負荷が異なる場合に用いるのに適した蒸留塔に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a distillation column, and more particularly, to a distillation column (including a gas-liquid contacting column such as an absorption tower and a rectification tower) having a packed therein a structured packing material. The present invention relates to a distillation column suitable for use when the fluid load in the vertical direction of the distillation column differs due to the introduction and discharge of gas-liquid at an intermediate portion.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】充填材を充填した蒸留塔、特に規則充填
蒸留塔は、その内部に、薄板を所定の形状に成形した規
則充填材を多数積層充填したものであって、気液接触効
率が良いことや圧力損失が少ないことなどから、近年多
く用いられるようになってきている（特開昭５０−１６
６７０号公報，同６０−２３８１０１号公報，同６１−
１７８００１号公報，同６３−１５１３３１号公報等参
照）。2. Description of the Related Art A distillation column filled with a packing material, particularly a structured packing distillation column, is a structure in which a large number of structured packing materials in which thin plates are formed into a predetermined shape are stacked and packed, and the gas-liquid contact efficiency is low. In recent years, it has been widely used because of its good properties and low pressure loss (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 50-16).
Nos. 670, 60-238101, 61-
178001, 63-131331, etc.).
【０００３】このような蒸留塔において、その中間部に
液体や蒸気の抜取りあるいは取入れを行う箇所が存在す
ると、塔内の流体の負荷が場所によって大きく異なるこ
とになる。そのため、このような蒸留塔を同一径で設計
すると、負荷の大きい場所ではフラッディング域に達
し、逆に負荷の小さい場所ではローディング域に達しな
いこともある。その対策として、従来は、塔本体の径を
場所によって変えたり、充填密度を変えたりして、流体
負荷を最適化している。なお、流体負荷とは、一般に
は、蒸留塔内の充填材を通過する上昇ガスと下降液との
接触によって生じる負荷であって、上昇ガスの上昇速度
及び上昇密度、下降液の下降速度及び下降密度、上昇ガ
スと下降液との接触によって生じる生成蒸気量及び生成
液量等の要因によって負荷は異なり、簡単にいえば、両
者の流量が多くなれば負荷は増加する。[0003] In such a distillation column, if there is a place where liquid or vapor is extracted or taken in the middle of the distillation column, the load of the fluid in the column varies greatly depending on the place. Therefore, if such a distillation column is designed with the same diameter, it may reach the flooding zone in a place where the load is large, and may not reach the loading zone in a place where the load is small. Conventionally, as a countermeasure, the fluid load is optimized by changing the diameter of the tower body depending on the location or changing the packing density. Note that fluid load is generally
Between the rising gas and the descending liquid passing through the packing material in the distillation column.
Load caused by contact, the rate of rise of rising gas
And ascending density, descending speed and descending density of descending liquid, ascending gas
Of vapor generated and generated by contact between the gas and the descending liquid
The load varies depending on factors such as fluid volume.
The load increases as the flow rate increases .
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、蒸留塔
本体の塔径を変える場合、すなわち、流路断面積を変え
る場合は、大径部と小径部との接続に肉厚のレジューサ
ー等を製作しなければならず、蒸留塔の製作コストの上
昇を招く。また、充填材の充填密度を変える場合は、同
一蒸留塔内に各種充填密度の充填材を充填することにな
り、その管理が繁雑になるだけでなく、規則充填材の場
合は、任意の充填密度の規則充填材を入手することは困
難であり、充填密度によって最適な流体負荷に調整する
ことは極めて困難であり、設計・製作の手間が多くかか
ることになる。However, when the column diameter of the distillation column body is changed , that is, when the cross-sectional area of the flow path is changed.
In such a case , a thick reducer or the like must be manufactured to connect the large-diameter portion and the small-diameter portion, which causes an increase in the manufacturing cost of the distillation column. In addition, when changing the packing density of the packing material, packing materials of various packing densities are packed in the same distillation column, which not only complicates the management, but also when the packing material is structured packing, the packing is optional. It is difficult to obtain a structured packing material having a high density, it is extremely difficult to adjust the fluid load to an optimum value depending on the packing density, and much time is required for designing and manufacturing.
【０００５】そこで本発明は、簡単な構成で流体負荷を
調整することができ、効率のよい気液接触を行うことが
できる蒸留塔を提供することを目的としている。Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a distillation column capable of adjusting a fluid load with a simple structure and performing efficient gas-liquid contact.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記した目的を達成する
ため、本発明は、内部に充填材を充填した蒸留塔におい
て、全体の塔径を充填材における流体負荷の最大値に合
わせて設計し、該蒸留塔内部の、液やガスの導入導出に
よって流体負荷が前記最大値より小さくなる部分に内筒
を配設し、該部分の流路断面積を、流体負荷が最大値で
ある部分の流路断面積より小さくしたことを特徴として
いる。また、前記充填材が、規則充填材であることを特
徴としている。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention relates to a distillation column filled with a packing material, wherein the total column diameter is adjusted to the maximum value of the fluid load of the packing material.
The inner cylinder is arranged in a portion where the fluid load is smaller than the maximum value due to the introduction and derivation of the liquid or gas inside the distillation column , and the flow path cross-sectional area of the portion is set at the maximum value of the fluid load. The cross-sectional area of the channel is smaller than that of the portion. Further, it is characterized in that the filler is an ordered filler.
【０００７】[0007]
【作 用】上記構成によれば、全体を最大流体負荷に応
じた塔径で設計した塔本体の内部を、最適な流体負荷に
調整することができ、効率のよい気液接触を行えるとと
もに、塔本体の製造も容易になる。[Operation] According to the above configuration, the inside of the tower body designed as a whole with a tower diameter corresponding to the maximum fluid load can be adjusted to the optimal fluid load, and efficient gas-liquid contact can be performed. The manufacture of the tower body is also facilitated.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下、本発明を、図面に示す一実施例に基づ
いてさらに詳細に説明する。図１は、本発明の一実施例
を示す規則充填蒸留塔の縦断面図、図２は図１のII-II
断面図であって、蒸留塔１の下半部に、レジューサー２
を介して内筒３を機密に設置し、この部分の流路断面積
を、他の部分のそれよりも小さくしたものである。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an ordered packed distillation column showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a II-II of FIG.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view in which a lower part of a distillation column 1 is provided with a reducer 2.
, The inner cylinder 3 is confidentially installed, and the flow path cross-sectional area of this portion is smaller than that of the other portions .
【０００９】本実施例に示す蒸留塔１は、底部に蒸発器
１１と高沸点成分ガスの導出部１２とを有し、塔頂部に
還流液の導入部１３と低沸点成分ガスの導出部１４とを
有するとともに、中段にガス導入部１５を有するもの
で、このガス導入部１５から導入されるガスが塔の上半
部を上昇することにより、上半部の流体負荷が大きく、
下半部の流体負荷が小さくなる。The distillation column 1 shown in the present embodiment has an evaporator 11 and a high-boiling component gas outlet 12 at the bottom, and a reflux liquid inlet 13 and a low-boiling component gas outlet 14 at the top of the tower. In addition to having a gas introduction part 15 in the middle stage, the gas introduced from the gas introduction part 15 rises in the upper half of the tower, so that the fluid load in the upper half is large,
The fluid load in the lower half is reduced.
【００１０】蒸留塔１の塔本体４の径は、上半部に充填
した規則充填材５部分の流体負荷が最適になるように設
定されており、内筒３の内径は、該内筒３内に充填され
た規則充填材６部分の流体負荷が最適になるように設定
されている。すなわち、塔本体４の全体の径は、この蒸
留塔１における流体負荷の最大値に合わせて設計し、流
体負荷の小さな場所には、適当な径の内筒３を設置する
ようにしたものである。The diameter of the column main body 4 of the distillation column 1 is set so that the fluid load of the part of the ordered packing material 5 filled in the upper half is optimized, and the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 3 is The fluid load of the part of the ordered packing material 6 filled therein is set to be optimal. That is, the overall diameter of the column body 4, designed to match the maximum value of the fluid load in the distillation column 1, the flow
The inner cylinder 3 having an appropriate diameter is installed in a place where the body load is small.
【００１１】このように、塔本体４の内部の下半部に内
筒３を設置して、上半部の流路の断面積よりも小さく変
えることにより、規則充填材５，６中での流体の負荷を
変えることができ、最適な負荷を与えることができる。
なお、流路断面積とは、蒸留塔内の充填材が充填されて
いる領域の断面積をいう。As described above, by installing the inner cylinder 3 in the lower half of the inside of the tower main body 4 and changing it to be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the flow path in the upper half, the inside of the ordered packing materials 5 and 6 is reduced. The load of the fluid can be changed, and an optimum load can be given.
In addition, the cross-sectional area of the flow passage means that the packing material in the distillation column is filled.
Means the cross-sectional area of the region .
【００１２】例えば、塔上半部の規則充填材５を通過す
る平均蒸気量が９０００Ｎｍ3 ／ｈ、下半部の規則充填
材６を通過する平均蒸気量が６０００Ｎｍ3 ／ｈの場
合、それぞれの蒸気密度が略同じであると仮定すれば、
塔本体４の内径、即ち塔上半部の内径を１．９５ｍ、内
筒３の内径を１．６０ｍとすることにより、Ｆファクタ
ーを上下で略等しくすることができ、使用する充填材に
対して最適な流体負荷に調整することができる。For example, when the average amount of steam passing through the structured packing 5 in the upper half of the column is 9000 Nm 3 / h and the average amount of steam passing through the structured packing 6 in the lower half is 6000 Nm 3 / h, Assuming that the vapor densities are approximately the same,
By setting the inner diameter of the tower body 4, that is, the inner diameter of the upper half of the tower to 1.95 m and the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 3 to 1.60 m, the F factor can be made substantially equal between the upper and lower parts, and The fluid load can be adjusted to the optimum.
【００１３】なお、上記Ｆファクターは、下記の式１で
表される蒸気相の特性で、蒸気の速度エネルギーを表す
パラメーターである。 The F factor is a characteristic of a vapor phase represented by the following equation 1, and is a parameter representing the velocity energy of the vapor.
【００１４】[0014]
【式１】 ここで、ＵG はそのガスの線速度（ｍ／ｓｅｃ）、ρG
はそのガスの密度である（ｋｇ／ｍ3 ）。(Equation 1) Here, U G is the linear velocity (m / sec) of the gas, ρ G
Is the density of the gas (kg / m 3 ).
【００１５】また、内筒３やレジューサー２は、耐圧性
を考慮する必要がないので、耐圧容器である塔本体４を
形成する材料に比べて薄肉の板材を用いることができ、
塔本体の径を変えるものに比べて製造コストの低減が図
れる。Further, since it is not necessary to consider the pressure resistance of the inner cylinder 3 and the reducer 2, it is possible to use a thinner plate material than the material forming the tower body 4 which is a pressure-resistant container.
The production cost can be reduced as compared with the case where the diameter of the tower body is changed.
【００１６】なお、上記実施例では、内筒を１か所に設
置しているが、蒸留塔における気液の導入・導出状態に
応じて適当な箇所に複数個を設置することが可能であ
り、また、レジューサーは、内筒外周と塔本体内周との
間を上下に気密に仕切れれば任意の形状で任意の位置に
設けることができ、液分配器等と兼用させることもでき
る。In the above embodiment, the inner cylinder is installed at one place, but a plurality of inner cylinders can be installed at appropriate places according to the state of introduction and discharge of gas and liquid in the distillation column. Also, the reducer can be provided in any shape and at any position as long as the space between the outer periphery of the inner cylinder and the inner periphery of the tower body is vertically and air-tightly divided, and can also be used as a liquid distributor or the like.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の蒸留塔
は、全体の塔径を流体負荷の最大値に合わせて設計し、
この最大値よりも流体負荷が小さくなる部分に内筒を配
設して、該内筒を配設した部分の流路断面積を、最大値
部分のそれよりも小さくしたから、各部の充填材、特に
構造的に規則性を有し、予め製造された構造的充填材、
即ち規則充填材における最適な流体負荷を得ることがで
き、充填材の性能を最大限に発揮することができる。ま
た、塔本体は単純な筒状に形成でき、内筒は薄肉の材料
で形成できるので、塔本体の径を変える場合に比べて製
造コストの低減も図れる。As described above, the distillation column of the present invention is designed so that the entire column diameter is adjusted to the maximum value of the fluid load.
This maximum fluid loading than is disposed the inner cylinder to the smaller portion, the flow path cross-sectional area of a portion which is disposed the inner cylinder, the maximum value
Since it was smaller than that of the parts, the filler of each part, especially structurally regular, prefabricated structural filler,
That is, it is possible to obtain an optimum fluid load in the ordered packing material, and to maximize the performance of the packing material. Further, since the tower main body can be formed in a simple cylindrical shape and the inner cylinder can be formed of a thin material, the manufacturing cost can be reduced as compared with a case where the diameter of the tower main body is changed.
【図１】 本発明の規則充填蒸留塔の一実施例を示す縦
断面図である。FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing one embodiment of an ordered packed distillation column of the present invention.
【図２】 図１のII-II 断面図である。FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG.
１…蒸留塔、２…レジューサー、３…内筒、４…塔本
体、５，６…規則充填材DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Distillation tower, 2 ... Reducer, 3 ... Inner cylinder, 4 ... Tower body, 5, 6 ... Regular packing material
Claims (2)
て、全体の塔径を充填材における流体負荷の最大値に合
わせて設計し、該蒸留塔内部の、液やガスの導入導出に
よって流体負荷が前記最大値より小さくなる部分に内筒
を配設し、該部分の流路断面積を、流体負荷が最大値で
ある部分の流路断面積より小さくしたことを特徴とする
蒸留塔。1. In a distillation column filled with a packing material, the entire column diameter is adjusted to the maximum value of the fluid load of the packing material.
The inner cylinder is arranged in a portion where the fluid load is smaller than the maximum value due to the introduction and derivation of the liquid or gas inside the distillation column , and the flow path cross-sectional area of the portion is set at the maximum value of the fluid load. Wherein the cross-sectional area of the flow path is smaller than that of the distillation column.
特徴とする請求項１記載の蒸留塔。2. The distillation column according to claim 1, wherein the packing is a structured packing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34213892A JP3306523B2 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1992-12-22 | Distillation tower |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34213892A JP3306523B2 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1992-12-22 | Distillation tower |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06190203A JPH06190203A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
| JP3306523B2 true JP3306523B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 |
Family
ID=18351424
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP34213892A Expired - Fee Related JP3306523B2 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1992-12-22 | Distillation tower |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3306523B2 (en) |
-
1992
- 1992-12-22 JP JP34213892A patent/JP3306523B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06190203A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
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