JP3275856B2 - Power converter - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for converting DC power into AC power, and more particularly to recovery and processing of surplus power generated from a primary winding of a transformer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a device for converting DC power into AC power using a transformer is a switching regulator,
It is used for various products such as AC adapters and battery chargers. In such a power converter, since pulse power is supplied to the primary winding of the transformer by a power switching transistor or the like, excess power is generated from the primary winding when the pulse power is turned off. The so-called surge voltage is generated by changing the collector-emitter voltage of the switching transistor at a high voltage change rate (dv / dt). Since the surge voltage having the high voltage change rate causes an electrical stress for the switching transistor, the power conversion device has conventionally been provided with a snubber circuit for processing the surplus power.

FIG. 7 shows a circuit configuration of a conventional power converter. In the figure, a transformer 2 is connected to a power supply 1 having a voltage of VIN.
Is connected. This transformer 2 has primary windings 2A, 2A connected to a positive pole and a negative pole of a power source 1, respectively.
B, secondary winding 2C, and clamp windings 2F, 2G are wound, and primary windings 2A, 2B, clamp winding 2F,
2G has the same number of turns. The transistor 3 is a power switching transistor, and includes the primary windings 2A and 2A.
B is connected. Clamp capacitors 10A, 10
A diode 11 is connected between B and the transistor 3
Connected in parallel to the collector and emitter of Secondary winding 2C
The subsequent stage is connected to a secondary circuit 6 including a rectifying / smoothing circuit and a load and receiving power supply.

[0004] The power conversion operation of this device will be described.

When the transistor 3 is turned on, the primary winding 2
A, 2B, when the current from the power supply 1 flows, the primary winding 2A
Since the same value of voltage is induced also in the clamp winding 2G having the same number of turns, the voltage VI is applied to the clamp capacitor 10A.
N is applied. Similarly, the voltage VIN is applied to the clamp capacitor 10B. The diode 11 blocks current from the clamp capacitor 10B to the clamp capacitor 10A.

When the transistor 3 is turned off, the primary winding 2
A surge voltage is generated in A and 2B in a direction opposite to the ON period.

The current generated by the surge voltage charges capacitors 10A and 10B. When the current disappears, a part of the charged power is discharged to the power supply 1 through the primary windings 2A and 2B of the transformer 2 until the voltage between both ends of the clamp capacitors 10A and 10B becomes VIN.

That is, these clamp capacitors function as a snubber circuit to reduce the voltage change rate of the surge voltage, thereby reducing the electrical stress of the transistor.

[0009] The details of this conventional power converter are as follows.
Ching-Shan Leu and others: A Built in Input Filter Forw
ard Converter, PESC '94, page 917].

[0010]

As described above, the conventional power converter reduces the voltage change rate of the surge voltage to reduce the electrical stress of the transistor (switching element).

However, since the clamp winding generates an electromotive force in the direction opposite to that of the primary winding, the clamp capacitor is not completely discharged, and the voltage between the collector and the emitter of the transistor is always the sum of the voltages across the clamp capacitor. Voltage VI
N), which causes the following problems.

That is, when the transistor is turned off, the collector-emitter voltage rises sharply from 0 V to twice the voltage VIN (voltage change rate (dv / d
t) is large), so that the electrical stress of the transistor is still large.

Further, since the clamp capacitor does not completely discharge, when the transistor is turned off, surplus power is not sufficiently charged in the clamp capacitor, and noise cannot be completely removed. Therefore, there is a possibility that the own circuit and other nearby devices may malfunction.

On the other hand, when the transistor is turned on, a discharge current having a high peak value is supplied from the clamp capacitor to the transistor, and noise also occurs at this time.

In addition, various circuits other than this circuit have been used in the power converter. However, these circuits consume power in the snubber circuit and magnetically saturate the transformer. Power conversion efficiency was poor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has as its object to provide a power conversion device which has less noise and electric stress of a switching element and has high conversion efficiency.

[0017]

The power converter of the present invention has an ungrounded main circuit in which first and second primary windings are connected in series to a DC power supply with a switching element interposed therebetween. And a power converter for turning on / off the switching element to generate AC power in a secondary winding electromagnetically coupled to at least one of the first and second primary windings. A circuit in which a first capacitor, a rectifier, and a second capacitor are sequentially connected in series from a connection point with the first primary winding to a connection point with the second primary winding. A charging unit for charging surplus power generated from the first and second primary windings in accordance with an OFF operation of the switching element; and a power supply for charging the power charged by the charging unit via a reactor to the DC power supply. I Characterized by comprising a an energy release means for releasing to the respective primary winding.

With this configuration, the first and second capacitors rectify and charge the surplus power generated from the first and second primary windings by the rectifying element when the switching element is turned off, while charging the switching element. Turns on, the surplus power charged in each capacitor is discharged, the current peak is suppressed by the reactor, and the current is commutated to the DC power supply or each primary winding. The first and second capacitors are completely discharged before the switching element is turned off again. When surplus power is generated next time, the surplus power is charged into the first and second capacitors again.

Further, in the power converter of the present invention, the energy discharging means is provided with two series circuits of a circulating element for commutating the charged power and a reactor,
Each of the circuits is connected from each connection point of the first and second capacitors with the rectifying element to each connection point of the second and first primary windings with the DC power supply. Features.

With this configuration, when the switching element turns on, the surplus power charged in the first and second capacitors passes through the circulating element and is applied to the second primary winding and the first primary winding, respectively. The power is transferred by commutation. Therefore, it is preferable because surplus power can be supplied to the load side of the secondary winding. Furthermore, even after the discharge of each capacitor, the magnetic energy remaining in each reactor passes through the rectifying element of the charging means, is diverted to the DC power supply, and can be reused.

Further, in the power converter according to the present invention, the energy discharging means may include a circulating element in which the charged power is connected to each connection point of the first and second capacitors with the rectifying element. And the DC power supply is discharged to the DC power supply via a common reactor inserted in the main circuit in series with the DC power supply.

With this configuration, the surplus power charged in each capacitor passes through each circulating element and is discharged to a DC power supply through a common reactor. Therefore, it is preferable because all the surplus electric power is recovered and can be reused. In addition, since the reactor is shared, the size of the apparatus can be reduced.

Further, the power converter of the present invention has an auxiliary winding electromagnetically coupled to one of the first and second primary windings, and supplies the AC power to the auxiliary winding. A rectifying-smoothed subsequent load or the DC power supply is connected in series via a rectifying element.

With this configuration, part of the surplus power is transmitted to the auxiliary winding as magnetic energy, and further transmitted to the load or the DC power supply via the rectifier. Therefore, the peak of the surge voltage generated in the primary winding due to the surplus power is limited by the voltage of the load or the DC power supply.
Therefore, by appropriately setting the turns ratio between the primary winding and the auxiliary winding and the voltage at the power transmission destination, the switching element can be protected from destruction, which is preferable.

[0025]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a power converter according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
Note that the same components as those of the conventional power converter are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description is omitted.

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of the power converter of the present invention.

As shown in this figure, the power converter comprises a power supply 1 for supplying DC power, a transformer 2 and a transistor 3 in the same manner as in the prior art to constitute a primary circuit, and a secondary circuit 6 which is the same as in the prior art is provided at the subsequent stage. Connected to.

In this embodiment, the transformer 2 comprises the same number of primary windings 2A, 2B and
C, but without the auxiliary winding.

The transistor 3 is connected between the primary windings 2A and 2B. Note that the transistor may be any element (circuit) that can open and close current, such as a bipolar transistor or a field effect transistor. Therefore, the circuit to be driven may be provided according to the element (circuit) to be employed, and the description and description thereof will be omitted.

The charging circuit 4 includes a capacitor 4A connected to the collector of the transistor 3, a snubber diode 4B connected in series to the capacitor, and a capacitor 4C connected in series to the diode. The end is connected to the emitter of transistor 3. That is, the charging circuit 4 forms a so-called snubber circuit.

The energy release circuit 5 has two series circuits composed of a freewheeling diode and a reactor. That is, one circuit is constituted by the freewheel diode 5A and the reactor 5C, and the other circuit is constituted by the freewheel diode 5B and the reactor 5D.
It is connected to a connection point between the primary windings 2A and 2B and the power supply 1.

FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram corresponding to FIG. 1. FIG. 2 (A) shows the collector-emitter voltage Vce of the transistor 3, and FIG. 2 (B) shows the charge / discharge current of the capacitor 4A (4C). (C) shows the waveform of the current flowing through the freewheeling diode 5A (5B).

FIG. 3 shows the transition of the current path in the circuit of FIG. 1, and FIG.
(B) shows the charging period of the capacitors 4A and 4C, FIG. (C) shows the discharging period of the capacitor 4A, and FIG. (D) shows the period during which the residual current flows through the reactors 5C and 5D. Each shows a route. FIG. 3 (C)
Indicates discharge from the capacitor 4A.
C is discharged through a path that is in contrast to this path. Further, in order to make the current path easy to see, reference numerals of circuit elements not included in the path are omitted.

In the first embodiment having such a configuration, when the transistor 3 is in a conductive state, the transistor shown in FIG.
As shown in (A), current flows through the primary windings 2A and 2B,
Power is supplied to the secondary winding 2C. At this time, the capacitors 4A and 4C are in a discharged state.

From this state, when the transistor 3 is turned off, the primary windings 2A and 2B of the transformer 2 work to maintain the current by the stored magnetic energy, and as shown in FIG. From power supply 1, primary winding 2A, capacitor 4A, snubber diode 4B, capacitor 4C,
A current flows to the primary winding 2B and the power supply 1. That is,
As shown in a of FIG. 2B, charging of the capacitors 4A and 4C starts, and the voltage between both ends gradually increases from 0V.
At this time, the collector-emitter voltage V
ce is the sum of the voltages across the capacitors 4A and 4C, and rises as shown in FIG. 2A. When all the magnetic energy of the primary windings 2A and 2B of the transformer 2 is charged in the capacitors 4A and 4C, c in FIG.
As shown in the figure, Vce reaches a peak.

When the capacitors 4A and 4C are discharged as described above, the voltage change rate (dv / dt) of the collector-emitter voltage of the transistor 3 can be reduced.

Thereafter, the capacitors 4A and 4C
Discharges in the reverse current path of FIG. 3 (B) (FIG. 2 (B)
D), the collector-emitter voltage Vc of the transistor 3
e decreases until it reaches the voltage VIN of the power supply 1 as indicated by e in FIG.

Next, at a predetermined timing, the transistor 3
Is turned on, the electric power charged in the capacitor 4A is discharged in a closed circuit formed by the transistor 3, the primary winding 2B, the freewheeling diode 5B, and the reactor 5D, as shown in FIG. 3C.

That is, discharge is performed with the waveform shown by f in FIG. 2B, and this discharge current also flows through the diode 5B as shown by h in FIG. 2C. Similarly, the power charged in the capacitor 4C is the reactor 5C and the freewheeling diode 5C.
A, the primary winding 2A, and the transistor 3 discharge in a closed circuit.

During this discharge period, the reactor 5
Since the peak value of the discharge current is suppressed by the inductance of C and 5D, the collector-emitter voltage of the transistor 3 gradually decreases as shown in FIG. 2A, and the transistor 3 turns on. In addition, the charging circuit 4
During this discharge period, a reverse voltage is applied to the snubber diode 4B.

The discharge current remains in the reactors 5C and 5D as magnetic energy. Capacitors 4A, 4C
Is completely discharged, the residual magnetic energy is generated by the freewheel diode 5B, the reactor 5D, and the snubber diode 4B.
B, commutates to the power supply 1 via the path of the reactor 5C and the diode 5A and returns. The current indicated by the hatched portion i in FIG. 2C is the residual current flowing through this path.

Accordingly, even if the transistor 3 is turned off again in this state, the capacitors 4A and 4
Since C is completely discharged, the power from the primary winding can be processed again as described above.

As described above, in this embodiment, the surplus power generated from each primary winding can be charged with the off operation of the transistor, and the charged surplus power is charged by the reactor with the on operation of the transistor. Since the electric current is discharged while the current peak is suppressed, the electric power is transmitted to each primary winding, and then the electric current is commutated to the power supply and returned, so that the surplus electric power can be reused without loss. This operation can also suppress generation of noise.

Since the capacitors 4A and 4C are completely discharged before the transistor is turned off, the voltage change rate (dv / d) of the transistor even if surplus power is generated again.
t) can be suppressed and noise can be removed.

The first embodiment of the power converter of the present invention
In the embodiment, the peak value of the surge voltage applied between the collector and the emitter of the transistor 3 at the time of turn-off is determined by the magnetic energy stored in the primary windings 2A and 2B and the impedance of the capacitors 4A and 4C.

Therefore, when the magnetic energy is large, the peak value of the surge voltage may exceed the withstand voltage between the collector and the emitter, leading to a possibility of destruction of the transistor.

Therefore, a description will be given of a second embodiment of the power converter according to the present invention, which is configured to suppress the peak value of the surge voltage at the time of turning off.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of this embodiment.

An auxiliary winding 2D is newly added to the transformer 2, and this winding is connected to the power supply 1 via the diode 7. The turns ratio of the primary windings 2A and 2B and the auxiliary winding 2D of the transformer 2 is N: N: M. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

In such a configuration, as in the first embodiment, when the transistor 3 is turned off, the voltage between the collector and the emitter of the transistor 3 gradually increases.

Then, a voltage is also induced in the auxiliary winding 2D.

When the winding voltage of the primary winding 2A is Vn, the winding voltage Vm of the auxiliary winding 2D increases while maintaining the following equation.

[0053]

Vm = Vn × M / N (1) When this voltage exceeds the voltage VIN of the power supply 1, the diode 7 conducts and does not further rise, so that the following relationship is established.

[0054]

Vm = Vn × M / N <VIN (2) From this equation, the following equation is established.

[0055]

Vn <VIN × N / M (3) That is, the auxiliary winding 2D
To the power supply 1, the upper limit of the winding voltage Vn of the primary winding 2A is limited. The winding voltage of the primary winding 2B is similarly limited to this value.

The collector-emitter voltage Vce of the transistor 3 is

Since Vce = 2 × Vn + VIN (4), the expression (3) is substituted into the expression (4).

Vce = 2 × Vn + VIN <2 × (VIN × N / M) + VIN <VIN (1 + 2N / M) (5) where the peak value of the surge voltage applied between the collector and the emitter of the transistor 3 is Value, while the power above this peak value is
To the power supply 1 via

Therefore, the peak value of the surge voltage applied between the collector and the emitter is limited by adjusting the turns ratio between the auxiliary winding 2D and the primary windings 2A and 2B according to the rating of the transistor used. Thus, the transistor can be protected from destruction. Further, since the power exceeding the peak value returns to the power supply, no power is lost.

In this embodiment, a part of the surplus power is fed back to the power supply 1, but the power may be returned to a secondary load.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the second embodiment.

In this modification, a part of the surplus power passes through the auxiliary winding 2E and the diode 8 provided on the secondary side.
The power is supplied to and consumed by the load 9 of the voltage-stabilized secondary circuit. In this circuit, a part of the electric power required to be supplied to the load 9 is supplied through the auxiliary winding 2E and the diode 8, so that less electric power is transmitted from the secondary winding 2C, and as a result, This can increase the power conversion efficiency of the device.

In the first and second embodiments, two reactors are provided, and the surplus power charged in each capacitor is transmitted to the power supply or the load. A third embodiment that simplifies the description will be described.

FIG. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram of this embodiment.

Here, in the first embodiment, a circuit is configured by connecting a single reactor 5E to the power supply 1 in series instead of the reactors 5C and 5D provided as a pair. Other components are the same as those of the first and second embodiments.

In this circuit configuration, the capacitor 4
A and 4C are the same as those in the first and second embodiments up to the charging operation, but when the transistor 3 is turned on, the charged power becomes the capacitor 4A, the transistor 3, the capacitor 4C, the freewheeling diode 5A, Discharged in a closed circuit composed of the reactor 5E, the power supply 1 and the freewheeling diode 5B, and discharged to the power supply 1.

Therefore, the effect of suppressing the peak value of the discharge current can be maintained with a small number of parts, and at the same time, the structure of the device is simplified and the size can be reduced.

In the above description, the primary windings 2A and 2B are provided on the same transformer.
It may be that of a separate transformer.

In the secondary circuit 6, a half-wave type, a full-wave type,
A known technique such as a voltage doubler type circuit can be used. It is also possible to form a flyback type power converter by winding the secondary winding 2C in the opposite direction. The power supply for supplying DC power may be a rectified and smoothed AC power supply.

[0068]

As described above, according to the power converter of the present invention, the provision of the charging means allows the surplus power generated from each primary winding to be charged with the turning-off operation of the switching element, and the energy With the provision of the discharging means, the charged surplus power is released to the DC power supply or each primary winding and transmitted while the current peak is suppressed by the reactor with the ON operation of the switching element, so that the power of the device is Loss can be reduced. Since the capacitor of the charging means is completely discharged before the switching element is turned off again, even if surplus power is generated again, the voltage change rate (dv / dt) of the switching element can be suppressed low and noise can be removed.

Therefore, it is possible to realize power conversion with little noise and electric stress of the switching element and high conversion efficiency.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a first embodiment of a power conversion device according to the present invention.

2 is a diagram showing waveforms in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIG.
(A) shows the collector-emitter voltage of the switching element, (B) shows the charge / discharge current of the capacitor, and (C) shows the current of the freewheeling diode.

3A and 3B are transition diagrams of a current path over time in the device shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3A shows an on-period of a switching element, FIG. C) shows the path during the discharge period of the capacitor, and FIG. 4D shows the path during the period in which the residual current flows through the reactor.

FIG. 4 is a circuit configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the power converter according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a circuit configuration diagram of a modified example of the second embodiment of the power converter according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram of a third embodiment of the power converter according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram of a conventional power converter.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power supply 2 Transformer 2A, 2B Primary winding 2C Secondary winding 2D, 2E Auxiliary winding 3 Transistor 4 Charging circuit 4A, 4C Capacitor 4B, Snubber diode 5 Energy emission circuit 5A, 5B Freewheeling diode 5C, 5D, 5E Reactor 6 Secondary circuit 7, 8 Diode 9 Load

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) H02M 7/537 H02M 3/28 H02M 3/335 H02M 7/48

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A non- connected DC power supply in which first and second primary windings are connected in series across a switching element.
A power converter that has a ground-type main circuit, turns on and off the switching element, and generates AC power in a secondary winding electromagnetically coupled to at least one of the first or second primary winding. In the apparatus, a first capacitor, a rectifying element, and a second capacitor are sequentially connected in series from a connection point of the switching element with the first primary winding to a connection point of the switching element with a second primary winding. Charging means for charging surplus power generated from the first and second primary windings in accordance with the turning-off operation of the switching element; and a reactor for charging the power charged by the charging means. And an energy discharging means for discharging the electric power to the DC power supply or each of the primary windings via the DC power supply. 2. The energy discharging means is provided with two series circuits of a circulating element for commutating the charged power and a reactor, and each of the circuits includes a series circuit of the first and second capacitors. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein each of the connection points with the rectifying element is connected to each of the connection points of the second and first primary windings with the DC power supply. 3. The energy discharging means is configured to transfer the charged power in series with a free-wheeling element connected to each of the connection points of the first and second capacitors with the rectifying element, and the DC power supply. The power converter according to claim 1, wherein commutation is performed to each of the DC power supplies via a common reactor inserted into the main circuit. 4. An auxiliary winding which is electromagnetically coupled to one of the first and second primary windings, and a load at a subsequent stage of rectifying and smoothing the AC power with respect to the auxiliary winding. The DC power supply is connected in series via a rectifier element.
Item 3. The power converter according to item 1.