JP3275386B2 - Ultrafiltration control device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ultrafiltration control device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a technique for concentrating and separating a liquid by the principle of dialysis and ultrafiltration using a permeable thin film has been widely known. For example, in an artificial dialysis apparatus used for purifying blood, waste substances, water, etc. in blood are removed by the principle of dialysis and ultrafiltration. In order to accurately control the amount of these ultrafiltrations, As an example, a fluid separation device disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-82 has been proposed. In this device, a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet of the separation device are connected to an equal-volume measuring device for a fluid separation device that brings a treatment fluid such as blood into contact with a dialysate through a permeable semipermeable membrane. Connected. The equal-volume meter measures the dialysate flowing into the dialysate inlet and the dialysate flowing out from the dialysate outlet at equal volumes.

[0003]

However, in the above-described apparatus, the dialysate flowing into the dialysate chamber of the fluid separator is subjected to heat exchange by contact with the fluid to be treated, and the dialysate before the dialysate flows into the dialysate chamber. When an error occurs between the temperature and the temperature flowing out of the dialysate chamber 6, there is a problem that the ultrafiltration amount cannot be accurately controlled. Similarly, there is a problem that an error occurs in the ultrafiltration amount due to the influence of the room temperature or the like. If the amount of ultrafiltration cannot be obtained accurately, specifically, in an artificial dialysis device, if the amount of water removed as the amount of ultrafiltration is too large, the blood pressure of the patient may decrease, or conversely, the amount of water removed may increase. If the amount is too small, there is a problem that swelling of the patient's body occurs.

Accordingly, the present applicant has paid attention to these problems, and has investigated the error in the amount of water removal as an ultrafiltration amount using an artificial dialysis device. As a result, the dialysate used for one dialysis treatment was 120 liters, and the difference between the temperature before flowing into the dialysate chamber 6 and the temperature flowing out from the dialysate chamber 6 was 2 ° C.
In some cases, the dialysate is reduced in volume by about 80 cc. Therefore, the error in the amount of water removed due to this temperature difference is about 80 c.
c, which could not be ignored.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has as its object to provide a dialysate flowing between a fluid separator and an equal volume meter before flowing into the fluid separator. Even if there is a temperature difference between the inflow temperature of the dialysate and the outflow temperature of the dialysate discharged from the fluid separator, ultrafiltration can control the ultrafiltration amount with high accuracy without removing water removal errors. It is to provide a control device.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first aspect of the present invention is to provide a fluid separator for bringing a fluid to be treated into contact with a dialysate via an ultrafiltration membrane; Ultrafiltration apparatus having an equal volume meter for inflow and outflow of the dialysate from the fluid separator and an equal volume of the dialysate discharge from the fluid separator, the inflow temperature of the dialysate flowing into the fluid separator. The first temperature detecting means for measuring the, the second temperature detecting means for measuring the discharge temperature of the dialysate discharged from the fluid separator,
Comparison means for comparing the temperature difference between the inflow temperature and the discharge temperature based on the measured values from the first temperature detection means and the second temperature detection means, and provided on a pipe between the fluid separator and the second temperature detection means As a result of comparison between the heating means for heating the dialysate discharged from the fluid separator and the comparing means, when the discharge temperature is lower than the inflow temperature, the heating means is controlled so that both temperatures become equal. The point is that the first control means for temperature correction is provided.

A second invention is directed to a fluid separator for bringing a fluid to be treated into contact with a dialysate through an ultrafiltration membrane, a dialysate inflow into the fluid separator, and a dialysate from the same fluid separator. An ultrafiltration control device comprising an equal volume meter for discharging and injecting an equal volume of the discharged amount, wherein the first temperature detecting means for measuring the inflow temperature of the dialysate flowing into the fluid separator; Second temperature detecting means for measuring the discharge temperature of the dialysate discharged from the apparatus, and comparing the temperature difference between the inflow temperature and the discharge temperature based on the measurement values from the first temperature detection means and the second temperature detection means. Means, storage means for storing volume data of the dialysate, which is reduced by the temperature difference between the inflow temperature and the discharge temperature at each time, and a pipe line between the fluid separator and the equal volume meter, and the dialysate is provided. An adjustment pump that discharges outside the system or guides fluid outside the system into the system; A second control means for controlling the rotation of the adjusting pump based on the dialysate volume data stored in the storage means when the discharge temperature is lower than the inflow temperature as a result of the comparison means. It is an abstract.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, the inflow temperature of the dialysate inputted from the first temperature detecting means by the comparing means,
The temperature difference between the discharge temperatures of the dialysate input from the second temperature detecting means is compared. Then, as a result of the comparison means comparing the temperature difference between the inflow temperature and the discharge temperature, when the discharge temperature is lower than the inflow temperature, the control means controls the heating means so that the discharge temperature and the inflow temperature become equal. As a result, a volume error of the dialysate caused by the temperature difference does not occur, and the discharge amount and the inflow amount of the dialysate from the equal volume meter become equal. For this reason, the dialysate inflow into the fluid separator and the dialysate discharge from the fluid separator become constant, and a highly accurate ultrafiltration amount can be obtained.

In the second invention, the comparing means compares the temperature difference between the inflow temperature of the dialysate inputted from the first temperature detecting means and the discharge temperature of the dialysate inputted from the second temperature detecting means. Then, the control means performs the rotation control of the adjusting pump based on the volume data stored in the storage means, when the comparison means compares the temperature difference between the inflow temperature and the discharge temperature, and when the discharge temperature is lower than the inflow temperature, A predetermined amount of dialysate is discharged out of the system, or a fluid is introduced into the system from outside the system. As a result,
Even if the temperature difference occurs, the dialysate volume error does not occur, and the amount of dialysate discharged and the amount of inflow from the equal volume meter become equal. For this reason, the dialysate inflow into the fluid separator and the dialysate discharge from the fluid separator become constant,
A highly accurate ultrafiltration amount can be obtained.

[0010]

【Example】

(First Embodiment) A first embodiment in which the first invention is embodied in a dialysis apparatus used for blood purification processing will be described below with reference to FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 1, a dialyzer 1 as a fluid separator is separated from a blood chamber 3 as a fluid chamber to be treated and a dialysate chamber 4 by a semipermeable membrane 2 as an ultrafiltration membrane. Have been. The blood inlet 3a of the blood chamber 3 is connected to a blood pump (not shown) via a blood inflow pipe 5. The outflow port 3b of the blood chamber 3 is connected to a blood discharge unit (not shown) via a blood discharge pipe 6.

On the other hand, the inflow port 4a of the dialysate chamber 4 is connected via a dialysate inflow pipe 7 to a well-known equal volume meter 8 having a pair of equal volume pumps (not shown). The outlet 4b of the dialysate chamber 4 is a dialysate outflow pipe 9
Is connected to the equal capacity measuring instrument 8 via the. This equal volume measuring device 8 is connected to a fresh dialysate inlet 11 connected to a dialysate tank (not shown) via a fresh dialysate inflow pipe 10. A heater 12 for raising fresh dialysate from the dialysate tank to the same temperature as the body temperature is provided on the inflow pipe 10. Further, the equal volume measuring device 8 is connected to a used dialysate outlet 14 through a used dialysate discharge pipe 13.

A first thermistor 18 as a first temperature detecting means is provided on the dialysate inflow pipe 7. On the other hand, on the dialysate outflow pipe 9, a control heater 1 as heating means for raising the used dialysate to a predetermined temperature is provided.
5 are provided. On the dialysate outflow pipe 9, a second thermistor 19 as a second temperature detecting means is provided between the control heater 15 and the equal volume meter 8. The control heater 1 is placed on the dialysate outflow pipe 9.
5 and an outlet 4b of the dialysate chamber 4,
6 are connected. On the water removal pipe 16, a water removal pump P for removing water from the used dialysate is provided. At the discharge end of the water removal pipe 16, a measuring device 17 for the water removal amount is provided.
Are arranged.

The first and second thermistors 1
The temperature detection signals 8 and 19 are output to a control circuit 20 as a comparison means and a control means. Then, based on this detection signal, the control circuit 20 performs a comparison operation on the temperatures detected from the first and second thermistors 18 and 19, and when it is determined that the temperature of the used dialysate is lower than the temperature of the fresh dialysate. Activating the control heater 15,
Raise the temperature of the used dialysate to reduce the temperature difference between the two to 0 ° C
To be corrected.

Next, the operation of the dialysis apparatus thus configured will be described. When the dialyzer is operated, the dialysate is raised to a predetermined temperature T1 ° C. by the heater 12, and the equal volume meter 8 is operated to flow into the equal volume meter 8. Then, the fresh dialysate discharged from the equal volume meter 8 flows into the dialysate chamber 4 from the inflow port 4 a via the dialysate inflow pipe 7. At the same time, the used dialysate flows from the outlet 4b of the dialysate chamber 4 into the equal volume meter 8 through the dialysate outflow pipe 9. The used dialysis outlet 14 is discharged from the equal volume meter 8 through the discharge pipe 13.

Here, the first thermistor 18 detects the temperature T1 ° C. of the fresh dialysate. At the same time, the second thermistor 19 detects a temperature (T1-x) ° C at which the temperature of the used dialysate has decreased by x ° C under various conditions such as heat exchange by the dialyzer 1 and room temperature. Then, the temperature of the used dialysate (T1-
x) The temperature of the fresh dialysate is compared with T1 ° C, and the control circuit 20 operates the control heater 15 to reduce the temperature x °.
Correction is made so that the temperature rises to the original temperature T1. As a result, the temperature of the used dialysate flowing into the equal volume meter 8 becomes equal to the temperature T1 ° C. of the fresh dialysate flowing out of the equal volume meter 8. Therefore, the above-described series of operations is repeated, and the water removal pump P discharges moisture to the measuring device 17 via the water removal pipe 16.

As described above, in the dialysis apparatus according to the first embodiment, the temperature of the fresh dialysate flowing out of the equal volume measuring device 8 is determined by
Since the temperature of the used dialysate flowing into the equal volume meter 8 is forcibly corrected by the control heater 15 to be the same temperature, the volume change of the dialysate due to the temperature difference between the two is eliminated unlike the related art. . As a result, there is no water removal amount error due to the temperature difference, and highly accurate water removal can be performed.

(Second Embodiment) Next, an embodiment in which the second invention is embodied in a dialysis apparatus as in the first embodiment is shown in FIG.
It will be described according to. However, the same reference numerals are given to the same components as those in the above-described embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 2, the dialysate inflow pipe 7
Above, between the first thermistor 18 and the inflow port 4a of the dialyzer 1, a water removal pump P as an adjustment pump is provided.
1 is provided so that a part of the fresh dialysate can be discharged out of the system. Further, a storage unit 25 as a storage unit is provided in the control circuit 20 as the second control unit, and the storage unit 25 stores a dialysis that changes based on a temperature difference between the first and second thermistors 18 and 19. Liquid volume data is stored. For example, in this embodiment, if there is a temperature difference of 2 ° C., about 8
The volume of the used dialysate of 0 cc is set so as to decrease. The control circuit 20 controls the number of rotations of the water removal pump P1 based on the volume data to control the amount of water removal by the decrease. The control heater 15 described in the dialysis apparatus of the first embodiment is omitted.

Next, the operation of the thus constructed dialysis apparatus will be described. The temperature T1 of the fresh dialysate is detected by the first thermistor 18, and at the same time, the temperature (T1 -x) ° C of the used dialysate which has decreased by x ° C is detected by the second thermistor 19. Then, the control circuit 20 controls each thermistor 1
The temperatures of the used dialysate and the fresh dialysate are compared based on the detected data of 8, 19, and the temperature (T1-x) is stored in the storage unit 25.
Determine the amount of water removal corresponding to ° C. And the control circuit 2
0 is the water removal pump P1 based on the calculated water removal amount data.
Control of the rotation of, and discharge a part of the fresh dialysate outside the system. As a result, unlike the conventional case, an accurate water removal amount can be obtained even when the temperature of the used dialysate drops as in the first embodiment.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but may be made as follows without departing from the spirit of the present invention. (1) In the first embodiment, the temperature of the control heater 15 is controlled by the control circuit 20.
0 and the heater 12 may be electrically connected, and the control circuit 20 controls both the heaters 15 and 12 so that the temperature of the fresh dialysate and the temperature of the used dialysate are equalized.

(2) In the first embodiment, the heater 12
May be omitted, and the dialysate outflow pipe 9 and the dialysate inflow pipe 7 may be wound around the control heater 15 as shown in FIG. Each of the pipes 7 and 9 has a predetermined number of turns based on the average value of the temperature difference due to various conditions.
Of course, it goes without saying that the number of turns of the dialysate outflow pipe 9 is larger than that of the dialysate inflow pipe 7. Therefore, the temperatures Ta and Tb at the outlets of the pipes 7 and 9 are equal to each other, and an equal volume of the dialysate flows into and out of the equal volume measuring device 8 to obtain an accurate water removal amount, as in the above-described embodiment. it can. Also, heater 1
By omitting 2, manufacturing costs can be reduced.

(3) In the second embodiment, the water removal pump P1
However, an introduction pump as an adjustment pump is provided in a path between the outlet 4b of the dialyzer 1 and the equal-volume meter 8, and the introduction pump is provided from outside the system based on the temperature difference between the used and fresh dialysate. A control circuit for introducing a fixed amount of dialysate into the system may be provided.

[0024]

As described above in detail, according to the first aspect of the present invention, in the process of flowing dialysate between the fluid separator and the equal volume measuring device, the inflow temperature of the dialysate before flowing into the fluid separator. By eliminating the temperature difference between the dialysate flowing out of the fluid separator and the dialysate flowing into and out of the fluid separator, the volume of the dialysate is equal, and the amount of ultrafiltration can be controlled with high precision. It has the effect.

According to the second aspect of the invention, in the process of flowing the dialysate between the fluid separator and the equal volume meter, the control means determines by the comparing means that the discharge temperature is lower than the inflow temperature. At this time, since the adjustment pump is controlled based on the volume data stored in the storage means, even if a temperature difference occurs between the discharge temperature and the inflow temperature, the dialysate flowing into and out of the fluid separator has the same volume, An excellent effect that the amount of ultrafiltration can be controlled with high accuracy is exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dialysis device in a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dialysis device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a front view in which a dialysate inflow pipe and a dialysate outflow pipe are wound around a heater in another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fluid separator (dialyzer), 2 ... Semi-permeable membrane (ultrafiltration membrane), 8 ... Equal volume measuring device, 15 ... Control heater (heating means), 18 ... First temperature detecting means (First thermistor), 1
9 ... second temperature detecting means (second thermistor), 20 ... control circuit (comparing means, first and second control means), 25 ... storage unit (storage means)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An ultrafiltration membrane (2) for converting a fluid to be treated and a dialysate.
A fluid separator (1) brought into contact with the fluid separator (1), and an equal volume of the dialysate inflow into the fluid separator (1) and the dialysate discharge from the same fluid separator (1) flowing in and out of the same volume An ultrafiltration device comprising a measuring device (8), a first temperature detecting means (18) for measuring an inflow temperature of dialysate flowing into the fluid separator (1), and a fluid separator (1). A second temperature detecting means (19) for measuring a discharge temperature of the dialysate discharged from the inside; a first temperature detecting means (18) and a second temperature detecting means (1).
9) a comparing means (20) for comparing the temperature difference between the inflow temperature and the discharge temperature based on the measured value from (9); and a pipe provided between the fluid separator (1) and the second temperature detecting means (19). A heating means (15) for heating the dialysate discharged from the fluid separator; and a comparing means for controlling the heating means (15) when the discharge temperature is lower than the inflow temperature by controlling the heating means (15). An ultrafiltration apparatus characterized by comprising first control means (20) for correcting the temperature to be as high as possible. 2. An ultrafiltration membrane (2) for separating a fluid to be treated and a dialysate.
A fluid separator (1) brought into contact with the fluid separator (1), and an equal volume of the dialysate inflow into the fluid separator (1) and the dialysate discharge from the same fluid separator (1) flowing in and out of the same volume An ultrafiltration control device comprising a meter (8), a first temperature detecting means (18) for measuring an inflow temperature of dialysate flowing into the fluid separator (1), and a fluid separator (1). ), A second temperature detecting means (19) for measuring the discharge temperature of the dialysate discharged from the inside, the first temperature detecting means (1) and the second temperature detecting means (1).
9) comparing means (20) for comparing the temperature difference between the inflow temperature and the discharge temperature based on the measured value from (9), and storing the volume data of the dialysate decreasing at each time the temperature difference between the inflow temperature and the discharge temperature. An adjusting pump provided in a pipeline between the fluid separator (1) and the equal volume meter (8), for discharging dialysate out of the system or guiding fluid out of the system into the system. (P1) and, as a result of the comparison by the comparison means, when the discharge temperature is lower than the inflow temperature, the second control for controlling the rotation of the adjusting pump (P1) based on the dialysate volume data stored in the storage means. An ultrafiltration device comprising a control means (20).