JP3269300B2 - Hole transport material and its use - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hole transporting material having a diphenylamine structure, and the diphenylamine compound can be used as a photosensitive material or an organic photoconductive material, and more specifically, is used for a planar light source or display. It can be used as a hole transport material for an organic electroluminescence (EL) device or an electrophotographic photoreceptor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Organic photoconductive materials that have been developed as photosensitive materials and hole transport materials have many advantages such as low cost, various processability, and no pollution, and many compounds have been proposed. ing. For example, oxadiazole derivatives (U.S. Pat. No. 3,189,447), oxazole derivatives (U.S. Pat. No. 3,257,203), hydrazone derivatives (U.S. Pat. 5
9,143, U.S. Pat. No. 4,150,978), triarylpyrazoline derivatives (U.S. Pat.
No. 989, JP-A-51-93,224 and JP-A-55-93.
No. 108,667), arylamine derivatives (US Pat. No. 3,180,730, US Pat. No. 4,232,10).
3, JP-A-55-144250, JP-A-56-1
No. 19,132), stilbene derivatives (JP-A-58-1)
No. 90,953, JP-A-59-195,658) and the like.

[0003] One of the techniques using a hole transport material is an organic EL device. E using organic substances
The L element is expected to be used as a solid-state light-emitting inexpensive large-area full-color display element, and many developments have been made. Generally, an EL element is composed of a light emitting layer and a pair of opposed electrodes sandwiching the layer. In light emission, when an electric field is applied between both electrodes, electrons are injected from the cathode side, holes are injected from the anode side , and the electrons recombine with holes in the light emitting layer, and the energy level is changed to the conduction band. This is a phenomenon in which energy is emitted as light when returning to the valence band from.

[0004] Conventional organic EL devices have a higher driving voltage and lower luminous luminance and luminous efficiency than inorganic EL devices.
In addition, the characteristic deterioration was remarkable, and it had not been put to practical use.
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, an organic EL in which thin films containing an organic compound having high fluorescence quantum efficiency and emitting light at a low voltage of 10 V or less are stacked
Devices have been reported and are of interest (see Applied Physics Letters, vol. 51, p. 913, 1987). This method uses a metal chelate complex for a phosphor layer and an amine compound for a hole injection layer to obtain high-luminance green light emission. The luminance is 100 cd at a DC voltage of 6 to 7 V.
/ M ² , and a maximum luminous efficiency of 1.5 lm / W, which is close to the practical range.

[0005] However, the organic EL devices up to now do not have sufficient light emission luminance and light emission stability when used repeatedly. Therefore, in order to develop an organic EL device having higher emission luminance and excellent stability in repeated use, it is desired to develop a hole transporting material having excellent hole transporting ability and durability. It is rare.

Further, as a technique using a hole transport material, there is an electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic method is
This is one of the image forming methods invented by Carlson.
In this method, a photoconductor is charged by corona discharge, and then exposed to a light image to obtain an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor, toner is adhered to the electrostatic latent image and developed, and the obtained toner image is printed on paper. Transfer to The basic characteristics required of the photoreceptor in such an electrophotographic system are that an appropriate potential is maintained in a dark place, that the electric charge is less discharged in the dark place, and that the electric charge is quickly discharged by light irradiation. And so on. Conventional electrophotographic photoreceptors have used inorganic photoconductors such as selenium, selenium alloys, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, and tellurium. These inorganic photoconductors have advantages such as high durability and a large number of printing presses, but problems such as high production cost, poor workability, and toxicity have been pointed out. . To overcome these drawbacks, organic photoconductors have been developed.However, conventional electrophotographic photoconductors using organic photoconductive materials as hole transport materials are not suitable for charging, sensitivity and residual potential. At present, it cannot be said that the electrophotographic characteristics are always satisfied, and it has been desired to develop a hole transport material having excellent charge transport ability and durability.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a durable hole transporting material having excellent hole transporting ability, and further to use this hole transporting material. Organic E with excellent stability when used repeatedly
An object is to provide an L element, an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and the like.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that at least one kind of hole transporting material represented by the general formula [1] has a large hole transporting ability, and an organic material prepared by using the same. The inventors have found that the device characteristics such as an EL device or an electrophotographic photosensitive member or the stability upon repeated use are excellent, and have reached the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to a hole transporting material represented by the following general formula [1]. General formula [1]

Embedded image [In the formula, A represents a diamine derivative residue represented by the following general formula [2], and B represents an aliphatic ring residue represented by the following general formula [3]. General formula [2]

Embedded image [Wherein, R ^{1 to} R ⁹ represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thioalkoxy group, a cyano group, an amino group, a mono or Represents a disubstituted amino group, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted arylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group (however, R ^{1 to} R ³ , R ^{4 to} R ⁶ and R ^{7 to} R ⁹
At least one is not a hydrogen atom. A substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic aromatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic ring group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring May be formed. ) And X represent a divalent aromatic ring residue. General formula [3]

Embedded image Wherein Y is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and n is 2
An integer of 7 or more and m represents an integer of 0 or more and 2n or less. ]

Further, the present invention provides an organic electroluminescence device comprising a light-emitting layer composed of one or more organic compound thin films between a pair of electrodes, wherein at least one layer contains the above-mentioned hole transport material. The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence device characterized by the above.

[0010]

Among R ^{1 to} R ⁹ of the compound represented by the general formula [2] in the present invention, examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, stearyl, and trichloromethyl groups. Trifluoromethyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclohexyl group, 1,3-cyclohexadienyl group, 2-cyclopenten-1-yl group, 2,
A 4-cyclopentadiene-1-yridenyl group and the like.
Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an n-butoxy group,
There are c-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, pentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, stearyloxy group, trifluoromethoxy group and the like. Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted thioalkoxy group include a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group, a butylthio group, a sec-butylthio group,
Examples include a tert-butylthio group, a pentylthio group, a hexylthio group, a heptylthio group, and an octylthio group.

The mono- or di-substituted amino groups include methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, dibutylamino, diphenylamino, bis (acetooxymethyl)
There are an amino group, a bis (acetooxyethyl) amino group, a bis (acetooxypropyl) amino group, a bis (acetooxybutyl) amino group, a dibenzylamino group and the like. Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group include a phenoxy group, a p-tert-butylphenoxy group, and a 3-fluorophenoxy group. Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted arylthio group include a phenylthio group and a 3-fluorophenylthio group. As a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic aromatic ring group, a phenyl group, a biphenylenyl group,
Triphenylenyl, tetraphenylenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-methylthiophenyl, 3,5-dicyanophenyl, o-, m- and p-tolyl, xylyl, o-, m- and p -Cumenyl, mesityl, pentalenyl, indenyl, naphthyl, azulenyl, heptalenyl, acenaphthylenyl, phenalenyl, fluorenyl, anthryl, anthraquinonyl, 3-methylanthryl, phenanthryl, triphenylenyl, Pyrenyl group, chrysenyl group,
2-ethyl-1-chrysenyl group, picenyl group, perylenyl group, 6-chloroperylenyl group, pentaphenyl group, pentacenyl group, tetraphenylenyl group, hexaphenyl group, hexacenyl group, rubicenyl group, coronenyl group, trinaphthenyl group, hepta Examples include a phenyl group, a heptaenyl group, a pyrantrenyl group, an ovalenyl group, and the like.

The substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic ring group includes a thionyl group, a furyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group,
Pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, indolyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, phthalazinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, quinazolinyl group, carbazolyl group, acridinyl group, phenazinyl group, furfuryl group, isothiazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, furazanyl group, phenoxazinyl group, benzothiazolyl group Benzoxazolyl group, benzimidazolyl group, 2-methylpyridyl group, 3-cyanopyridyl group, and the like, but are not specifically limited to the above substituents.

The substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic aromatic ring groups include phenyl, biphenylenyl, triphenylenyl, tetraphenylenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 4-methylthiophenyl, 3,5-dicyano. Phenyl, o-, m- and p-tolyl, xylyl,
o-, m- and p-cumenyl, mesityl, pentalenyl, indenyl, naphthyl, azulenyl,
Heptalenyl group, acenaphthylenyl group, phenalenyl group, fluorenyl group, anthryl group, anthraquinonyl group, 3-methylanthryl group, phenanthryl group, triphenylenyl group, pyrenyl group, chrysenyl group, 2-ethyl-1-chrysenyl group, picenyl group, perylenyl Group, 6
-A chloroperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a tetraphenylenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, a trinaphthylenyl group, a heptaphenyl group, a heptacenyl group, a pyranthrenyl group, an ovarenyl group and the like.

R ^{1 to} R ⁶ are preferably a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 6 hydrogen atoms (in this case, unsubstituted). However,
At least one of R ^{1 to} R ³ , R ^{4 to} R ⁶ and R ^{7 to} R ⁹
The individual is not a hydrogen atom (in this case, unsubstituted).
The reason is that the compound represented by the general formula [1] is synthesized by a dehydration condensation reaction between an aliphatic carbonyl group and an aromatic ring of diphenylamine, so that R ^{1 to} R ³ , R ^{4 to} R ⁶ and R ^{7 to} R ⁹
Is unsubstituted, a dehydration condensation reaction may occur at this position. Adjacent substituents may form an aliphatic, carbocyclic aromatic, heteroaromatic, or heterocyclic ring which may contain a 5- to 7-membered oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, etc. And may further have a substituent at any position of these rings.

As the divalent aromatic ring group represented by X in the general formula [2], a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a lower alkoxy group which may have a lower alkoxy group as a substituent may be used. -Phenylene group, biphenylene group, 4,4 '
(3,3′-dimethyl) biphenylene group, p, p-terphenyl group, 1,8-naphthylene group, 9,10-anthranylene group, phenanthrylene group, fluorenylene group,
There are a 9,9'-biphenyl-fluorenylene group, a stilbenylene group, a pyrenylene group and the like. Further, the aromatic ring in the divalent aromatic ring group may be bonded by lower alkylene, oxygen, sulfur, or the like. Specific examples of the substituted or unsubstituted diamine derivative residues represented by A in the general formula [1] are shown in Table 1.
However, the present invention is not limited to these.

[0017]

[Table 1]

[0018]

[0019]

[0020]

B in the general formula [1] is an alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic ring residue represented by the general formula [3], and the alkyl group includes a methyl group, an ethyl group,
A lower alkyl group such as a propyl group is preferred. Examples of such an aliphatic alicyclic residue include 1,1-cyclopropylene group, 1,1-cyclobutylene group, 1,1-cyclopentylene group, 1,1-cyclohexylene group, 1,1 − (4
-Methyl) cyclohexylene group, 1,1- (3-methyl) cyclohexylene group, 1,1- (2-methyl) cyclohexylene group, 1,1- (2,4-dimethyl) cyclohexylene group, 1-cycloheptylene group, 1,1-
And a cyclooctylene group. Representative examples of the aliphatic alicyclic residue are specifically shown in Table 2, but are not limited thereto.

[0022]

[Table 2]

[0023]

In the present invention, the compound represented by the general formula [1] can be synthesized, for example, by the following method. In an acetic acid solvent, a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic carbonyl compound is subjected to a dehydration reaction of 0.5 to 4 moles of a substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine compound together with an acid catalyst such as methanesulfonic acid at 100 ° C. for 30 hours. Thereby, the diphenylamine polymer represented by the general formula [1] can be produced. Further, as the acid catalyst used in the present invention, organic acids such as trifluoroacetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, or sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, Lewis acid and the like can be used instead of methanesulfonic acid. Further, as the organic solvent, in addition to acetic acid, 1,4-dioxane, ether, petroleum ether and the like are also possible.

Hereinafter, typical examples of the compounds of the present invention are shown in Table 3.
However, the present invention is not limited to the following representative examples.

[0026]

[Table 3]

The hole transporting material of the present invention may be used in a mixture with other hole or electron transporting compounds in the same layer. Since the compound of the present invention has excellent hole transporting properties, it can be used very effectively as a hole transporting material.

First, the case where the compound represented by the general formula [1] is used as a hole transport material of an organic EL device will be described. FIGS. 1 to 3 show examples of schematic diagrams of an organic EL device used in the present invention. In the figure, generally, electrode 2, 2 is an anode, and electrode B, 6 is a cathode. Also,
There is also an organic EL device laminated with a layer structure of (electrode A / light-emitting layer / electron injection layer / electrode B), and the compound of general formula [1]
Any device configuration can be suitably used.
Since the compound of the general formula [1] has a large hole transporting ability, it can be used as a hole transporting material in any of the hole injection layer 3 and the light emitting layer 4.

The light-emitting layer 4 of FIG. 1 may include, if necessary, a light-emitting substance, a light-emitting auxiliary material, a hole-transporting material for transporting carriers, and an electron-transporting material, in addition to the compound of the general formula [1] of the present invention. Can also be used. In the structure of FIG. 2, the light emitting layer 4 and the hole injection layer 3 are separated. With this structure, the hole injection efficiency from the hole injection layer 3 to the light emitting layer 4 is improved, and the light emission luminance and the light emission efficiency can be increased. in this case,
For luminous efficiency, it is desirable that the luminescent substance used in the luminescent layer itself has an electron transporting property, or that the luminescent layer is made to have an electron transporting property by adding an electron transporting material to the luminescent layer.

The structure shown in FIG. 3 has an electron injection layer 5 in addition to the hole injection layer 3 to improve the efficiency of recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer 4. In this manner, by making the organic EL element have a multilayer structure, it is possible to prevent a decrease in luminance and life due to quenching. 2 and 3, the light-emitting substance, the light-emitting auxiliary material, the hole-transporting material for transporting carriers, and the electron-transporting material can be used in combination, if necessary. Further, each of the hole injection layer, the light emitting layer, and the electron injection layer may be formed in a layer structure of two or more layers.

As the conductive material used for the anode of the organic EL element, those having a work function of more than 4 eV are preferable, and carbon, aluminum, vanadium, iron, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, silver, gold, platinum , Palladium and the like, alloys thereof, metal oxides such as tin oxide and indium oxide called ITO substrates and NESA substrates, and organic conductive resins such as polythiophene and polypyrrole are used. As the conductive material used for the cathode, those having a work function of less than 4 eV are preferable, and magnesium, calcium, tin, lead, titanium,
Yttrium, lithium, ruthenium, manganese, and the like and alloys thereof are used, but are not limited thereto. The anode and the cathode may be formed by two or more layers if necessary.

In the organic EL device, it is desirable that at least one of the electrode A indicated by 2 and the electrode B indicated by 6 be sufficiently transparent in the emission wavelength region of the device in order to emit light efficiently. Further, it is desirable that the substrate 1 is also transparent. The transparent electrode is set so as to secure a predetermined light transmittance by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering using the above-described conductive substance. The electrode on the light emitting surface desirably has a light transmittance of 10% or more. The substrate 1 is not limited as long as it has mechanical and thermal strength and is transparent, but examples thereof include a transparent resin such as a glass substrate, a polyethylene plate, a polyether sulfone plate, and a polypropylene plate. can give.

Each layer of the organic EL device according to the present invention can be formed by any of dry film forming methods such as vacuum evaporation and sputtering and wet film forming methods such as spin coating and dipping. The thickness is not particularly limited, but each layer needs to be set to an appropriate thickness. If the film thickness is too large, a large applied voltage is required to obtain a constant light output, resulting in poor efficiency. If the film thickness is too small, pinholes and the like are generated, and sufficient light emission luminance cannot be obtained even when an electric field is applied. Normal thickness is 5nm to 10μ
The range of m is suitable, but the range of 10 nm to 0.2 μm is more preferable.

In the case of the wet film forming method, a material for forming each layer is dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate solvent such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or the like to form a thin film, and any solvent may be used. In any of the thin films, a suitable resin or additive may be used to improve film forming properties, prevent pinholes in the film, and the like. Examples of such a resin include insulating resins such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polysulfone, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, and cellulose; and photoconductive materials such as poly-N-vinyl carbazole and polysilane. And conductive resins such as polythiophene and polypyrrole. In the present organic EL device, in the light emitting layer, the hole injection layer, and the electron injection layer, if necessary, in addition to the compound of the general formula [1], a known light emitting substance, a light emission auxiliary material, a hole transport material, Transport materials can also be used.

Known light-emitting substances or auxiliary materials for light-emitting substances include anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, tetracene, coronene, chrysene, fluorescein, perylene, phthaloperylene, naphthaloperylene, perinone, phthaloperinone, naphthaloperinone, diphenylbutadiene, tetraphenylbutadiene. , Coumarin, oxadiazole, aldazine, bisbenzoxazoline, bisstyryl, pyrazine, cyclopentadiene, oxine, aminoquinoline, imine, diphenylethylene, vinylanthracene, diaminocarbazole,
Examples include, but are not limited to, pyran, thiopyran, polymethine, merocyanine, imidazole chelated oxinoid compounds, quinacridone, rubrene, and derivatives thereof.

The hole transporting material that can be used in combination with the hole transporting material of the general formula [1] has the ability to transport holes and has an excellent hole injecting effect on the light emitting layer or the light emitting substance. In addition, a compound that prevents excitons generated in the light emitting layer from moving to the electron injection layer or the electron transport material and has excellent thin film forming ability can be used. Specifically, phthalocyanine compounds, naphthalocyanine compounds, porphyrin compounds, oxadiazole, triazole, imidazole,
Imidazolone, imidazolethione, pyrazoline, pyrazolone, tetrahydroimidazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, hydrazone, acylhydrazone, polyarylalkane, stilbene, butadiene, benzidine triphenylamine, styrylamine triphenylamine, diamine triphenylamine, etc. And derivatives thereof, and high molecular materials such as polyvinyl carbazole, polysilane, and conductive polymers, but are not limited thereto.

The electron transporting material has a capability of transporting electrons, has an excellent electron injecting effect on a light emitting layer or a light emitting material, and has a hole injection layer or a hole transporting function of excitons generated in the light emitting layer. Compounds that prevent transfer to a material and have excellent thin film forming ability are exemplified. For example, fluorenone, anthraquinodimethane, diphenoquinone, thiopyran dioxide, oxadiazole, perylenetetracarboxylic acid, fluorenylidenemethane, anthraquinodimethane,
Examples include, but are not limited to, anthrones and derivatives thereof. The sensitization can also be performed by adding an electron accepting substance to the hole transporting material and adding an electron donating substance to the electron transporting material.

In the organic EL devices shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the compound of the general formula [1] of the present invention can be used for any layer. At least one of a light emitting substance, a light emission auxiliary material, a hole transport material, and an electron transport material may be contained in the same layer. In order to improve the stability of the organic EL device obtained according to the present invention with respect to temperature, humidity, atmosphere, etc., a protective layer is provided on the surface of the device, or silicon oil or the like is sealed to protect the entire device. It is also possible. As described above, in the present invention, since the compound of the general formula [1] was used for the organic EL device, the luminous efficiency and the luminous brightness could be increased. Also,
This element is extremely stable against heat and current, and furthermore, it can emit light that can be used practically at a low driving voltage, so that the degradation, which was a major problem up to now, can be greatly reduced. Was. The organic EL element of the present invention can be applied to a flat panel display such as a wall-mounted television, a light source such as a copier or a printer, a light source such as a liquid crystal display or an instrument, a display board, a sign lamp and the like as a plane light emitter. , Its industrial value is very large.

Next, the case where the compound represented by the general formula [1] of the present invention is used as an electrophotographic photosensitive member will be described. The compound represented by the general formula [1] of the present invention can be used in any layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, but is preferably used as a hole transporting material because of having high hole transporting properties. The compound acts as a hole transporting material, can transport charges generated by absorbing light extremely efficiently, and can provide a photoreceptor with high-speed response. Further, since the compound is excellent in ozone resistance and light stability, a photosensitive member having excellent durability can be obtained.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor is a single-layer type photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer in which a charge generation material and, if necessary, a charge transport material are dispersed in a binder resin, on a conductive substrate. An undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a hole transport layer were laminated in this order,
Alternatively, there is a laminated photoconductor in which a hole transport layer and a charge generation layer are laminated on a conductive substrate or an undercoat layer in this order. Here, the undercoat layer may not be used if unnecessary. The photoreceptor may be provided with an overcoat layer, if necessary, for the purpose of protecting the surface from an active gas and preventing filming with a toner.

As the charge generating material, bisazo, quinacridone, diketopyrrolopyrrole, indigo, perylene,
Organic compounds such as perinone, polycyclic quinone, squarylium salt, azulhenium salt, phthalocyanine, and naphthalocyanine; and inorganic substances such as selenium, selenium-tellurium alloy, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide, and amorphous silicon.

Each layer of the photoreceptor can be formed by vapor deposition or dispersion coating. The dispersion coating is performed using a spin coater, an applicator, a spray coater, a dip coater, a roller coater, a curtain coater, a bead coater, or the like, and drying is performed from room temperature to 200 ° C.
It is carried out in the range of 0 minutes to 6 hours under static or blowing conditions.
The thickness of the photosensitive layer after drying is 5 to 50 μm for a single-layer type photoreceptor, and 0.01 to 5 μm, preferably 0.1 to 1 μm for a multilayer type photoreceptor. Yes, the hole transport layer is suitably 5 to 50 microns, preferably 10 to 20 microns.

The resin used for forming the photosensitive layer of the single layer type photoreceptor or the charge generating layer or the hole transport layer of the laminated type photoreceptor can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins. In addition, poly-N
-Can be selected from organic photoconductive polymers such as vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene and polysilanes;
Preferably, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate,
Examples thereof include insulating resins such as polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy, acrylic, polyamide, urethane, epoxy, silicon, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, phenol and melamine resin. The resin used for forming the charge generation layer or the hole transport layer is preferably, but not limited to, 100% by weight or less based on the charge generation material or the hole transport material. Two or more resins may be used in combination.
Further, if necessary, the resin may not be used. Also,
The charge generation layer can also be formed by a physical film formation method such as evaporation or sputtering. In the vapor deposition and sputtering methods, it is desirable to form a film in a vacuum atmosphere of preferably 10 ^-5 Tool or less. It is also possible to form a film in an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium.

The solvent used for forming each layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is preferably selected from those which do not affect the undercoat layer and other photosensitive layers. Specifically, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and xylene, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl cellosolve, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and dichloromethane But aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloroethane and trichloroethylene, aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene, and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane are used, but are not limited thereto.

The hole transport layer is formed by applying only the hole transport material or a coating solution obtained by dissolving the hole transport material in a resin.
Alternatively, it is formed by a dry film forming method such as evaporation. The hole transporting material used in the present photoreceptor can be used in combination with another hole transporting material in addition to the compound represented by the general formula [1]. The compound represented by the general formula [1] has good compatibility with the resin and is not easily precipitated as a crystal, which is advantageous for improving sensitivity and durability.

If necessary, an undercoat layer can be provided between the substrate and the organic layer to improve electrophotographic characteristics, image characteristics, and the like. Examples of the undercoat layer include polyamides, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, and gelatin. And resins such as polyvinyl butyral and metal oxides such as aluminum oxide. The material of the present invention can be suitably used not only as a hole transport material such as an organic EL device or an electrophotographic photosensitive member, but also in any field of an organic photoconductive material such as a photoelectric conversion device, a solar cell, and an image sensor.

[0047]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. Synthesis method of compound (4) In 25 parts of acetic acid, 12 parts of cyclohexanone, 9,10-
18 parts of bis (4-n-butylphenylphenylamino) phenanthrene and 0.5 part of methanesulfonic acid were added, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 100 ° C. for 20 hours. Then 50
It was diluted with 0 parts of water and neutralized with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Thereafter, extraction was performed with ethyl acetate, and the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using silica gel to obtain 12 parts of a powder having white fluorescence. FD-MS
The compound was identified as Compound (4) by molecular weight analysis. FIG. 6 shows the infrared absorption spectrum (KBr tablet method) of this compound.

Synthesis method of compound (9) 15 parts of 4-methylcyclohexanone in 35 parts of acetic acid,
9,10-bis (2, methyl-4-methoxyphenyl-
25 parts of 4-phenylamino) anthracene and 0.5 part of methanesulfonic acid were added, and heated and stirred at 100 ° C. for 25 hours. Thereafter, the mixture was diluted with 400 parts of water and neutralized with a dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Thereafter, extraction was performed with ethyl acetate, and the mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using silica gel to obtain 13 parts of a powder having white fluorescence. As a result of a molecular weight analysis by FD-MS, it was confirmed to be Compound (9).

Example 1 A tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex, compound (1),
Polycarbonate resin (Teijin Chemical: Panlite L-12)
50) was dissolved and dispersed in chloroform at a ratio of 3: 2: 5, and a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 1000 Å was obtained by spin coating. An electrode having a thickness of 1500 angstroms was formed thereon using an alloy obtained by mixing magnesium and silver at a ratio of 10: 1 to obtain the organic EL device shown in FIG. This element emits light at a luminance of 110 cd at a DC voltage of 5 V.
/ M ² and a luminous efficiency of 1.3 lm / W.

Example 2 Compound (2) was vacuum-deposited on a cleaned glass plate with an ITO electrode to obtain a hole injection layer having a thickness of 300 Å. Next, a tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex is vacuum-deposited to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 500 angstroms, and an electrode having a thickness of 1500 angstroms made of an alloy obtained by mixing magnesium and silver at a ratio of 10: 1. Was formed to obtain the organic EL device shown in FIG. The hole injection layer and the light emitting layer were deposited in a vacuum of 10 ^-6 Torr at a substrate temperature of room temperature. This device had a light emission luminance of about 440 cd / m ² and a light emission efficiency of 4.1 lm / W at a DC voltage of 5 V.

Example 3 Compound (3) was vacuum-deposited on a cleaned glass plate with an ITO electrode to obtain a hole injection layer having a thickness of 300 Å. Next, a 200-Å-thick luminescent layer of a tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex was formed by vacuum evaporation, and [2- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -5- (biphenyl)-was formed by vacuum evaporation. 1,3,4-oxadiazole] film thickness 20
An electron injection layer of 0 Å was obtained. On top of that, an alloy of magnesium and silver mixed at a ratio of 10: 1 with a film thickness of 150
A 0 angstrom electrode is formed and the organic E shown in FIG.
An L element was obtained. This device had a light emission luminance of about 400 cd / m ² and a light emission efficiency of 3.9 lm / W at a DC voltage of 5 V.

Examples 4 to 25 The compounds shown in Table 2 were dissolved in chloroform on a washed glass plate with an ITO electrode, and a hole injection layer having a thickness of 500 angstroms was obtained by spin coating. Then, a tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum complex was vacuum-deposited to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 300 angstroms, and magnesium and silver were further deposited on the light-emitting layer.
An electrode having a thickness of 1000 angstroms was formed from an alloy mixed at a ratio of 0: 1 to obtain the organic EL device shown in FIG. The light emitting layer was deposited in a vacuum of 10 ^-6 Torr at a substrate temperature of room temperature. This device obtained the emission luminance shown in Table 4 at a DC voltage of 5 V.

[0053]

[Table 4]

Comparative Example 1 N, N '-(4-methylphenyl)-
An organic EL device was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that N, N '-(4-n-butylphenyl) -phenanthrene-9,10-diamine was used. This device had a light emission luminance of about 390 cd / m ² and a light emission efficiency of 2.0 lm / W at a DC voltage of 5 V.

For all the organic EL elements shown in this example, continuous emission was performed at 1 mA / cm ² ,
A luminance of 50% or more of the initial luminance could be observed for 00 hours or more. However, when the device of Comparative Example 1 was continuously lit under the same conditions, the luminance became 50% or less of the initial luminance in 100 hours and the number of dark spots was reduced. Has also become extremely large. Organic EL of the present invention
The element achieves improvement in luminous efficiency, luminous brightness and long life, and is used together with a luminescent substance, luminescent auxiliary material, hole transport material, electron transport material, sensitizer, resin, electrode material, etc. It does not limit the element manufacturing method.

Next, examples in which the hole transport material of the present invention is used as an electrophotographic photosensitive material will be described below.

Example 26 4 g of ε-type copper phthalocyanine, 2 g of compound (8) and 14 g of a polyester resin (Toyobo: Byron 200) were dispersed together with 80 g of tetrahydrofuran in a ball mill for 5 hours. This dispersion was coated on an aluminum substrate and dried to produce a single-layer electrophotographic photoreceptor having a thickness of 20 μm as shown in FIG.

Example 27 6 g of dibromoanthanthrone, 2 g of compound (10)
12 g of a polyester resin (Toyobo: Byron 200) was dispersed in a ball mill for 5 hours together with 80 g of tetrahydrofuran. This dispersion was coated on an aluminum substrate and dried to produce a single-layer electrophotographic photoreceptor having a thickness of 20 μm as shown in FIG.

Example 28 N, N'-bis (2,6-dichlorophenyl) -3,
2 g of 4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide and 2 g of polyvinyl butyral resin (Sekisui Chemical: BH-3) were dispersed together with 96 g of tetrahydrofuran in a ball mill for 2 hours. This dispersion was coated on an aluminum substrate and dried to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.3 μm. Next, 10 g of the compound (15) and 10 g of a polycarbonate resin (Teijin Kasei: Panlite L-1250) were dissolved in 80 g of dichloromethane. This coating solution was applied on the charge generation layer and dried to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm.
Were produced.

Examples 29 to 53 2 g of τ-type metal-free phthalocyanine and 2 g of polyvinyl butyral resin (Sekisui Chemical: BH-3) were dispersed in a ball mill for 2 hours together with 96 g of tetrahydrofuran. This dispersion was coated on an aluminum substrate and dried to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.3 μm. Next, 10 g of the compound shown in Table 3 and 10 g of a polycarbonate resin (Teijin Chemical: Panlite L-1250) were dissolved in 80 g of dichloromethane. This coating solution was applied on the charge generation layer and dried to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm, thereby producing a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member shown in FIG.

The electrophotographic characteristics of the electrophotographic photosensitive member are as follows:
It was measured by the method. Electrostatic copying paper test equipment (Kawaguchi Electric Works:
According to EPA-8100), static mode 2
Rona charging is -5.2 (kV), 5 (lux) white light
Irradiate to obtain an initial surface potential (V ₀), V₀And release for 2 seconds in the dark
Surface potential when placed (V_Two) Ratio (dark decay rate: DDR)_Two=
V_Two/ V₀), The charge amount decreases to half of the initial value after light exposure
To half-exposure dose sensitivity (E_1/2) And light exposure 3
Surface potential (VR_Three). Electronic photograph of this embodiment
Table 5 shows the electrophotographic characteristics of the true photoreceptor.

[0062]

[Table 5]

All the electrophotographic photoreceptors shown in this embodiment have surface potentials before and after repeated use of 10,000 times or more.
The electrophotographic characteristics such as sensitivity and the rate of change in image density are within 2%, indicating that the electrophotographic photosensitive member has stable electrophotographic characteristics and can hold high quality images.

Comparative Example 2 N, N '-(4-methylphenyl)-
Example 29 except that N, N '-(4-n-butylphenyl) -phenanthrene-9,10-diamine was used.
The electrophotographic photoreceptor was manufactured in the same manner as in Examples 53 to 53. The electrophotographic characteristics of this electrophotographic photosensitive member are as follows: V ₀ = −700
(V), DDR ₂ = 90 (%), E _1/2 = 0.9 (lux)
S), VR ₃ = −25 (V), which was inferior to the hole transport material of the present invention. The electrophotographic characteristics such as surface potential and sensitivity and the image density before and after repeated use of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 10,000 times or more showed a change rate of 10% or more. This large change rate indicates unstable electrophotographic characteristics, and a high-quality image was not stably obtained.

[0065]

According to the present invention, a compound having an excellent hole transporting ability can be obtained. The compound provided by the present invention has higher luminous efficiency, higher brightness and longer life than conventional EL devices, and excellent electrophotographic characteristics such as sensitivity, hole transport characteristics, initial surface potential, and dark decay rate. Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor having less fatigue due to repeated use could be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of an organic EL device used in an example.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of an organic EL element used in an example.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of an organic EL element used in an example.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of an electrophotographic photosensitive member used in an example.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of an electrophotographic photosensitive member used in an example.

FIG. 6 is an infrared absorption spectrum of compound (4).

[Explanation of symbols]

 1. Substrate 2. Electrode A3. 3. Hole injection layer Light emitting layer 5. Electron injection layer 6. Electrode B 7. Al substrate 8. Photosensitive layer 9. Charge generation layer 10. Hole transport layer

Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-5-257310 (JP, A) JP-A-3-1155 (JP, A) JP-A-5-155825 (JP, A) JP-A-4-300853 (JP) JP-A-56-119132 (JP, A) JP-A-6-67445 (JP, A) JP-A-63-39842 (JP, A) JP-A-5-165240 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G03G 5/00 CA (STN)

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A hole transporting material represented by the following general formula [1]. General formula [1] [In the formula, A represents a diamine derivative residue represented by the following general formula [2], and B represents an aliphatic ring residue represented by the following general formula [3]. General formula [2] [Wherein, R ^{1 to} R ⁹ represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thioalkoxy group, a cyano group, an amino group, a mono or Represents a disubstituted amino group, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted arylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group (however, R ^{1 to} R ³ , R ^{4 to} R ⁶ and R ^{7 to} R ⁹
At least one is not a hydrogen atom. A substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclic aromatic ring, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic ring group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring May be formed. ) And X represent a divalent aromatic ring residue. General formula [3] Wherein Y is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and n is 2
An integer of 7 or more and m represents an integer of 0 or more and 2n or less. ] 2. An organic electroluminescence device comprising a light emitting layer composed of one or more organic compound thin films between a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is provided.
An organic electroluminescence device, which is a layer containing the hole transport material described in the above.