JP3268575B2 - Frequency converter - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a frequency converter in a radio frequency band.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When a local oscillation signal having a frequency fl (hereinafter referred to as a local oscillation signal) and an input signal having a frequency fi are added to a non-linear element such as a transistor or a diode, the nonlinear element outputs mfl ± nfi ( A multiplied output signal having infinite frequency components (m and n are integers) is obtained. The frequency converter utilizes this characteristic.

In a general frequency converter, a required local oscillation signal is a high power signal and an input signal is a low power signal. Therefore, a multiplied output signal from a non-linear element having usable power is obtained. , Mfl ± fi. Usually, among the above multiplied outputs, the frequency component with m = 1 is usually the strongest output, so that fl and fi are selected so that the desired multiplied signal satisfies m = 1, that is, fl ± fi. In.

However, the frequency converter described above has a drawback that in addition to a desired signal, many unnecessary signals such as a local signal, a signal containing leakage of an input signal and a signal containing other frequency components generated by a non-linear element are simultaneously output. was there. In particular, the local oscillation signal is input with a large power to the input signal and the like, because up to a certain signal strength, the larger the signal strength input to the frequency converter, the larger the converted output signal strength.
Even if the degree of suppression against the leakage is almost the same as that of other unnecessary signals, the absolute value of the local leakage power is large. Therefore, it is required that the degree of suppression against the leakage of the local oscillation signal is greater than that of other unnecessary signals. Therefore, the suppression of the local oscillation signal has conventionally been performed by mounting a filter for removing the frequency fl component or the like on the output of the frequency converter.

However, if fi is extremely small with respect to fl, the frequency of the desired signal (fl + fi) or (fl-
Since fi) and fl are close to each other, it is very difficult to suppress only the fl component.

Further, as the frequency of the required local oscillation signal increases, the oscillator, multiplier, power amplifier, etc. constituting the local oscillator become expensive and difficult, and the local oscillation signal is input to the frequency oscillator. It takes to be done,
It also has the disadvantage that the loss of the connection part such as a coaxial line and a connector increases.

FIG. 3 shows an anti-parallel device as a non-linear element in order to solve such a problem of the frequency converter.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a conventional frequency converter using a diode. In the figure, 101 is an anti-parallel diode as a non-linear element, 102 is a band-pass filter in a local signal frequency band, 103 is a band-pass filter in a high-frequency signal (hereinafter referred to as RF signal) frequency band, and 104 is an intermediate signal. A band pass filter of a frequency signal (hereinafter referred to as an IF signal) frequency band, 3 is a local oscillation signal input terminal, 4 is an RF signal input / output terminal, and 105 is an IF signal input / output terminal.
Are connected as shown in FIG.

When a local oscillation signal having a frequency fl is input to a terminal 3 and an IF signal having a frequency fi is input to a terminal 105, the local oscillation signal and the IF signal pass through 102 and 104, respectively. Parallel diode 1
01 is input. They are multiplied or frequency transformed at 101 and the frequencies (2fl + fi) and (2
The desired RF signal of fl-fi) is output to the terminal 4. Such frequency conversion is usually called up-conversion. Here, due to the multiplication characteristic of the anti-parallel diode, the signal of frequency 2fl, which is the second harmonic of the local oscillation signal, is canceled out and is not output. In addition, since the local oscillation signal has a frequency almost half of the RF signal frequency and is far apart from the IF signal frequency, leakage to the terminal 4 and the terminal 105 is as follows.
Each of them can be relatively easily suppressed by the band-pass filter 103 and the band-pass filter 104, respectively.

On the other hand, a local signal having a frequency fl is input to a terminal 3 of the frequency converter shown in FIG. 3, and a frequency frf1 (= 2fl + fi) or frf2 (= 2) is output to an output terminal 4.
fl-fi), a local oscillator signal, R
The F signal is input to the anti-parallel diode 101 as a non-linear element via 102 and 103, respectively. They are multiplied or frequency-converted at 101, and an IF signal having a frequency fi is output to a terminal 105.
Such frequency conversion is usually called down-conversion.
Here, due to the multiplication characteristic of the anti-parallel diode, the signal of frequency 2fl, which is the second harmonic of the local oscillation signal, is canceled out and is not output.

Also, since the local oscillation signal has a frequency that is approximately one half of the RF signal frequency and is far apart from the IF signal frequency, leakage to the terminal 4 and the terminal 105 is caused by the band-pass filter 103 and the band-pass filter, respectively. The filter 104 can be suppressed relatively easily.

However, in radio communication, what is generally required is a single side wave, that is, a frequency (2fl +
fi) and one of the signals (2fl-fi), and the other (image) is an unnecessary wave. However, in the configuration of FIG. 3, at the time of up-conversion, the frequency (2fl + f)
There is a drawback that the signal intensities of i) and (2fl-fi) are output at almost the same level. At the time of down-conversion, a local oscillation signal having a frequency fl is input to a terminal 3 of the frequency converter shown in FIG.
When f1 (= 2fl + fi) is input, the intermediate signal of the frequency fi is output to the terminal 105. In this case, the frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi) which is an unnecessary wave is output to the RF input / output terminal 4 simultaneously with the RF signal of the frequency frf1. Similarly, when the signal of (1) is input, the converted signal of the unnecessary wave is output to the terminal 105 at the same frequency fi.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another conventional frequency converter for solving the problem of the frequency converter of FIG.
3, reference numerals 1 and 2 denote unit frequency converters having frequency conversion characteristics equivalent to those of the frequency converter shown in FIG. 3 comprising a non-linear element and its peripheral circuit, 11 denotes a 90-degree hybrid in the IF signal frequency band, Is an in-phase distributor in the local signal frequency band, 13 is a 90-degree hybrid in the RF signal frequency band, 3 is a local signal input terminal, 4 is an RF signal input / output terminal, 5, 6, 14, and 15 are the 90 Degree hybrid 11
Here, 15 is terminated and 14 is connected to IF
The signal input / output terminals are connected as shown in FIG.

At the time of up-conversion, the local oscillation signal is supplied to terminal 3
To the unit frequency converter 1 via the in-phase distributor 12.
And 2 are output with the same phase and the same signal strength. The IF signal is input to a terminal 14 and output from the 90-degree hybrid 11 to terminals 5 and 6 with a phase difference of π / 2. They are frequency-converted by the unit frequency converters 1 and 2, and an RF signal is output. The phase of the RF signal generated by the unit frequency converter 2 is different from the phase of the RF signal generated by the unit frequency converter 1

In the case of the frequency frf1 (= 2fl + fi), (phase difference of local signal: 0) + (phase difference of input signal:
(π / 2) = (π / 2).

In the case of the frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi), (phase difference of local signal: 0)-(phase difference of input signal:
(π / 2) = (− π / 2).

In the 90-degree hybrid 13, the RF signal input from the unit frequency converter 2 has a phase of (π /
2) It is arranged so as to be advanced and combined with the signal input from the unit frequency converter 1, and the RF frequency frf1
In the case of (= 2fl + fi), the phase of the RF signal input from the frequency converter 2 is ((input: π / 2) + (leading phase in the 90-degree hybrid 13: π / 2)) = π, and the unit is The RF signal input from the frequency converter 1 has a phase opposite to that of the RF signal, and the RF signals of the frequency (2fl + fi) are mutually canceled by the 90-degree hybrid 13 and are not output.

On the other hand, the RF frequency frf2 (= 2fl-f
In the case of i), the phase of the RF signal input from the frequency converter 2 is ((input: -π / 2) + (90-degree hybrid 1)
3, leading phase: π / 2)) = 0, becomes in-phase with the RF signal input from the unit frequency converter 1, and has a frequency (2
The RF signal of fl-fi) is the 90-degree hybrid 13
Output each other.

At the time of down-conversion, the local signal is input to the terminal 3 and is output to the unit frequency converters 1 and 2 via the in-phase distributor 12 with the same phase and the same signal strength.
The RF signal is input to the terminal 4 and the 90-degree hybrid 13
As a result, the output signal to the unit frequency converters 1 and 2 is advanced by π / 2 with respect to the output signal to the unit frequency converter 1. They are frequency-converted by unit frequency converters 1 and 2 and IF
A signal is output. I generated by the unit frequency converter 2
The phase of the F signal is determined by the IF generated by the unit frequency converter 1.
For the phase of the signal,

In the case of the RF frequency frf1 (= 2fl + fi), fi = frf1-2fl = (phase difference of RF signal: π / 2) − (phase difference of local signal: 0) = (π / 2)
Becomes

In the case of the frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi), fi = 2fl-frf2 = (phase difference of local oscillation signal:
0) − (phase difference of input signal: π / 2) = (− π / 2).

In the 90-degree hybrid 11, the IF signal input from the unit frequency converter 2 has a phase of (π /
2) It is arranged so as to be advanced and synthesized with the signal input from the unit frequency converter 1 and the unit frequency converter 2
The phase of the IF signal converted from the RF frequency frf1 (= 2fl + fi) is ((input: π / 2) + (leading phase in the 90-degree hybrid 11: π / 2)) = π,
From the unit frequency converter 1, the RF frequency frf1 (=
2fl + fi) has an opposite phase to the IF signal converted from
The IF signals canceled by each other in the 90-degree hybrid 11 and converted from the RF frequency frf1 (= 2fl + fi) are not output.

On the other hand, the phase of the IF signal converted from the RF frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi) by the unit frequency converter 2 is ((input: -π / 2) + (leading phase in the 90-degree hybrid 11: π / 2)) = 0, and the unit frequency converter 1 outputs the RF frequency frf1 (= 2fl + f).
The IF signal converted from i) has the same phase as that of the IF signal converted, and the IF signal converted from the RF frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi) is output by the 90-degree hybrid 11 while strengthening each other.

In the above description of the conventional frequency converter, R
Although the case where the F frequency frf1 is unnecessary and the RF frequency frf2 is a desired wave has been described, when the RF frequency frf2 is unnecessary and the RF frequency frf1 is a desired wave, for example, the terminal 15 is used as the IF input / output terminal, and the terminal 14 is used as the terminal. 90 degree hybrid 11 or 90 degree
This can be dealt with by partially changing the terminal connection of the hybrid 13.

However, the frequency converter having the configuration shown in FIG. 4 requires a 90-degree hybrid in the RF frequency band. The 90-degree hybrid in the RF frequency band passes while maintaining isolation and phase difference between terminals. It is difficult to suppress loss variation and achieve low insertion loss. Therefore, there has been a defect that the above-described unnecessary wave suppression characteristics (image suppression characteristics) deteriorate and frequency conversion loss increases. Further, when both up-conversion and down-conversion are used, a switch for switching the connection from the terminal 14 to a modulator or a demodulator is required.

The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and does not use a 90-degree hybrid for an RF signal, has an excellent image suppression characteristic, and uses a terminal 7 from the terminal 7 when performing both up-conversion and down-conversion. An object of the present invention is to provide a frequency conversion circuit which does not require a switch for switching connection to a modulator or a demodulator.

[0026]

The frequency converter of the present invention comprises: first signal distribution / combination means for distributing / combining an intermediate frequency signal having a frequency fi into two signals having different phases;
Signal distributing means for distributing a local oscillation signal having a frequency fl into two signals having phases different from each other by 45 degrees, and one of the two signals distributed and combined by the first signal distributing and combining means and two signals distributed by the signal distributing means. First frequency conversion means for multiplying one of the two signals by using a non-linear element, and the other of the two signals distributed and combined by the first signal distribution and combination means and the two signals distributed by the signal distribution means. A second frequency converter for multiplying the other by a multiplication characteristic substantially equal to that of the first frequency converter, and an output of the first frequency converter and an output of the second frequency converter as received signals. Means for synthesizing and distributing the frequencies 2fl ± fi included in the output of the means.
90 degree hybrid that distributes with a phase difference of degree,
The signal distributing / synthesizing means comprises a first frequency converting means and a second frequency converting means.
2fl ± f included in each output of the frequency conversion means
i means for synthesizing at least one component in phase with the intermediate frequency signal in the first signal distribution / combination means.
Connect the modulator to one of the input and output terminals and the demodulator to the other.
It is characterized by having.

With the above arrangement, in the frequency converter of the present invention, the local oscillation signal input to the frequency conversion means is distorted by the nonlinear element constituting the frequency conversion means, and the local oscillation signal And the phase difference of the frequency component n times (n: an integer) of the local oscillation signal in the first and second frequency conversion means is 45 degrees, that is, π.
Since it is input with a phase difference of / 4, it becomes n × (π / 4). Also, the frequency conversion of the 90-degree hybrid
Modulation on one of the signal input / output terminals not connected to the means
Connection by connecting a demodulator to the other
Alternatively, the switch for switching to the demodulator can be omitted, and 2f
Use 90 degree hybrid in high frequency band such as l ± fi
No need to use an in-phase power divider / synthesizer.
A single-side mixer with excellent pressure characteristics and low conversion loss can be realized.
You.

At the time of up-conversion, the IF input signal is input with a phase difference of 90 degrees, that is, π / 2. Therefore,
As a result of the multiplication by the two frequency conversion means, the phase difference of the multiplied signal having the output frequency (2fl ± fi) is 2 × (π / 4) ± (± π / 2). (± π /
The sign of the sign in 2) is determined by selecting the signal input / output terminal of the 90-degree hybrid. Here, the desired multiplication output signal is (2fl + fi) or (2fl-f).
i), the phase difference is 2 × (π / 4) ± (±
π / 2) = (π or 0), that is, one of the multiplied signals output from the two unit frequency converters is in-phase with each other and is output intensified by the in-phase combined power combiner, and the other is out of phase. Therefore, the above-mentioned in-phase combined power combiners cancel each other out and are not output.

At the time of down-conversion, the frequency is (2f
1 + fi) and is input to the frequency conversion means in the same phase. Therefore, as a result of the multiplication in the two frequency conversion means, the phase difference between the multiplied signals output at the frequency fi is:
− (2 × (π / 4)) = (− π / 2). On the other hand, a signal whose frequency is (2fl-fi) is also input to the frequency conversion means in the same phase. Therefore, as a result of the multiplication in the two frequency conversion means, the phase difference between the multiplied signals output at the frequency fi is (2 × (π / 4)) = (π / 2). By combining the multiplied signals output from the two frequency converters with the 90-degree hybrid, a signal of frequency fi is input to one of the signal output terminals of the 90-degree hybrid that is not connected to the frequency converter at the time of up-conversion. Then, the obtained multiplied output signal has a frequency (2fl-fi), and one of the output signals has a frequency f converted from a signal having a frequency (2fl + fi).
The signals of i are mutually enhanced and output, and the frequency is (2f
The signals of the frequency fi converted from the signal of l-fi) cancel each other out and are not output.

At the time of up-conversion, the above 90
When a signal of frequency fi is input to the other of the signal output terminals of the hybrid which is not connected to the frequency conversion means, the resulting multiplied output signal has a frequency (2fl + fi).
On the other hand, the signal of the frequency fi converted from the signal of the frequency (2fl-fi) is output while strengthening each other, and the signal of the frequency fi converted from the signal of the frequency of (2fl + fi) cancels each other. There is no output.

[0031]

[0032]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a frequency converter according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numerals 1 and 2 denote unit frequency converters having frequency conversion characteristics equivalent to those of the frequency converter of FIG. 3 comprising a non-linear element and its peripheral circuit, 11 denotes a 90-degree hybrid in an IF signal frequency band, 9 Is a 45-degree phase difference distributor for distributing two signals whose phases are different from each other by 45 degrees in the local oscillation signal frequency band, 10 is an in-phase power distribution and synthesis circuit in the RF signal frequency band, 3 is a local oscillation signal input terminal, and 4 is RF signal input / output end, 5, 6, 7, 8
Are input / output terminals of the 90-degree hybrid 11, where 7 is an IF signal input terminal and 8 is an IF signal output terminal, which are connected as shown in FIG.

At the time of up-conversion, the local oscillation signal having the frequency fl is input to the terminal 3 and output to the unit frequency converters 1 and 2 with a phase difference of π / 4 through the 45-degree phase difference distributor 9. The IF signal of the frequency fi is input to the terminal 7,
Phase difference π between terminals 5 and 6 by 90-degree hybrid 11
/ 2 is output. Unit frequency converters 1 and 2
They are frequency-converted and an RF signal is output. The phase of the RF signal generated by the unit frequency converter 2 is different from the phase of the RF signal generated by the unit frequency converter 1

In the case of the frequency frf1 (= 2fl + fi), 2 × (phase difference of local signal: π / 4) + (phase difference of input signal: π / 2) = π.

On the other hand, the frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi)
In this case, 2 × (phase difference of local signal: π / 4) − (phase difference of input signal: π / 2) = 0.

Therefore, in the in-phase power distribution / synthesis circuit 10, when the frequency is frf1 (= 2fl + fi), the RF signal input from the frequency converter 2 has a phase opposite to that of the RF signal input from the unit frequency converter 1. Therefore, they are mutually canceled and are not output. On the other hand, the RF frequency frf2
In the case of (= 2fl-fi), the RF signal input from the frequency converter 2 is the RF signal input from the unit frequency converter 1.
The signals are in phase with each other, and the RF signals of the frequency (2fl-fi) are output while strengthening each other.

At the time of down-conversion, the frequency f
The local oscillation signal 1 is input to the terminal 3 and is output to the unit frequency converters 1 and 2 via the 45-degree phase difference distributor 9 with a phase difference of π / 4. The RF signal is input to the terminal 4 and output to the unit frequency converters 1 and 2 by the in-phase power distribution / synthesis circuit 10 with the same phase and the same signal strength. They are frequency converted by unit frequency converters 1 and 2 and I
An F signal is output. The phase of the IF signal generated by the unit frequency converter 2
For the phase of the F signal,

In the case of the RF frequency frf1 (= 2fl + fi), fi = frf1-2fl = (Phase difference of RF signal:
0) −2 × (phase difference of local oscillation signal: π / 4) = (− π /
2).

In the case of the frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi), fi = 2fl-frf2 = 2 × (phase difference of local signal: π / 4) − (phase difference of input signal: 0) = (π / 2) )
Becomes

In the 90-degree hybrid 11, the terminal 7
Since the IF signal input from the unit frequency converter 2 is arranged to be advanced in phase by (π / 2) and combined with the signal input from the unit frequency converter 1, the terminal 7
, The unit frequency converter 2 uses the RF frequency fr
The phase of the IF signal converted from f1 (= 2fl + fi) is ((input: −π / 2) + (leading phase in the 90-degree hybrid 11: π / 2)) = 0, and the unit frequency converter 1
As a result, the RF signal becomes in phase with the IF signal converted from the RF frequency frf1 (= 2fl + fi), and the RF frequency frf1
(= 2fl + fi), the IF signal
The hybrids 11 are mutually strengthened and output.
The unit frequency converter 2 uses the RF frequency frf2 (= 2f
The phase of the IF signal converted from l-fi) is ((input:
π / 2) + (leading phase in the 90-degree hybrid 16: π /
2)) = π, and the unit frequency converter 1
IF converted from frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi)
The signal has a phase opposite to that of the signal and is mutually canceled out by the 90-degree hybrid 11, and the RF frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi)
Is not output.

At this time, in the 90-degree hybrid 11, the I input from the unit frequency converter 2 is input to the terminal 8.
Since the F signal is arranged so as to be delayed in phase by (π / 2) and combined with the signal input from the unit frequency converter 1, at the terminal 8, the RF is output by the unit frequency converter 2.
IF converted from frequency frf1 (= 2fl + fi)
The phase of the signal is ((input: -π / 2) + (leading phase in the 90-degree hybrid 11: -π / 2)) = π, and the unit frequency converter 1 outputs the RF frequency frf1 (= 2fl).
+ Fi) is out of phase with the IF signal converted from the RF signal, and is canceled out by the 90-degree hybrid 11, and the IF signal converted from the RF frequency frf1 (= 2fl + fi) is not output.

On the other hand, the phase of the IF signal converted from the RF frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi) by the unit frequency converter 2 is ((input: π / 2) + (90 degree hybrid 1
Phase advance at 1: -π / 2)) = 0, and the unit frequency converter 1 outputs the RF frequency frf1 (= 2fl + f).
The IF signal converted from i) has the same phase as that of the IF signal converted, and the IF signal converted from the RF frequency frf2 (= 2fl-fi) is output by the 90-degree hybrid 11 while strengthening each other.

In the above description, the case where the RF frequency frf1 is unnecessary and the RF frequency frf2 is a desired wave has been described, but the RF frequency frf2 is unnecessary and the RF frequency frf is unnecessary.
In the case where 1 is a desired wave, the terminal connection of the 90-degree hybrid 11 can be partially changed, for example, such that the terminal 8 is an IF input terminal and the terminal 7 is an IF output terminal.

FIG. 2A is a characteristic diagram in which the operating characteristics of the frequency converter of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 are simulated by the harmonic balance method. In this simulation, a frequency of 10 GHz and input power +
10 dBm, a frequency of 1 GHz and an input power of -10 dBm are selected as input signals. Here, the isolation between the two output terminals 5 and 6 of the 90-degree hybrid 11 is 40 dB, and the conversion loss is 14.3 from the result of FIG.
It can be seen that the image signal which is about dB and which is an unnecessary unnecessary signal is suppressed by 26 dB or more from the desired output signal. FIG. 2B is a characteristic diagram simulating the operating characteristics of the conventional frequency converter shown in FIG. 4 under the same conditions. From these results, the frequency converter according to the present invention is improved by about 0.6 dB in conversion loss (IFpwr dBm) and about 7 dB in image suppression ratio (Image) compared to the conventional frequency converter shown in FIG.

[0045]

As described above in detail, according to the frequency converter of the present invention, a 90-degree hybrid is not used in the RF frequency band, the phase and the passage loss are less varied, and
Further, since the in-phase power distribution / synthesis circuit having a small loss is used, an end-sideband mixer having excellent image suppression characteristics and low conversion loss can be realized as compared with the conventional frequency converter shown in FIG. In the frequency converter of the present invention, a 45-degree phase difference divider in the local signal band is used, so that the transmission loss to each output terminal varies, but in the frequency converter, the local signal is usually non-linear. This variation is negligible since the element is used up to the saturation level.

In the frequency converter of the present invention, the modulator is connected to one of the signal output terminals not connected to the unit frequency converter of the IF band 90-degree hybrid, and the demodulator is connected to the other, so that the connection is modulated. The switch for switching to the demodulator or demodulator can be omitted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a frequency converter of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing simulation results of the present invention and the conventional frequency converter of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a conventional frequency converter.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of another conventional frequency converter.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 2 unit frequency converter 3 local signal input terminal 4 RF signal output terminal 5, 6 IF input / output terminal 7 IF signal input terminal 8 IF signal output terminal 9 local signal frequency band 45 degree phase difference distribution circuit 10 RF signal Frequency band in-phase power distribution / combination circuit 11 IF signal frequency band 90-degree hybrid 12 Local signal frequency band in-phase power combiner 13 RF signal frequency band 90-degree hybrid 14 IF signal input / output terminal 15 Termination 101 Anti-parallel diode 102 Station transmission No. band pass filter 103 RF signal band pass filter 104 IF signal band pass filter 105 IF signal input / output terminal

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An intermediate frequency signal having a frequency fi is distributed and synthesized.
A first signal distribution / combining means for performing a local oscillation signal having a frequency fl different in phase from each other by 45 degrees
Signal distributing means for distributing the signal into two signals; and
Signal distribution / combination means, and the first signal distribution / combination means or the second signal component combination
One of the two signals distributed by the
One of the two signals distributed by the distribution means
First frequency conversion means for performing multiplication using a signal, and the first signal distribution / synthesis means or the second signal distribution means.
The other of the two signals distributed by the stage and the signal distributor
The other of the two signals distributed by the first stage to the first
Second multiplication by multiplication characteristics substantially equal to the wave number conversion means
Wherein the first signal distribution / synthesis unit converts the intermediate frequency signal into 9
Includes 90-degree hybrids that distribute and combine with 0-degree phase difference
The second signal distribution / synthesis means has a high frequency 2fl ± fi.
At least one component of the frequency signal is distributed and combined in phase.
Means, An intermediate frequency signal input in the first signal distribution / combination means.
Connect a modulator to one of the output terminals and a demodulator to the other.
To A frequency converter characterized by the above-mentioned. 2. The first and second frequency conversion means,
To a first band-pass filter of the local oscillator signal frequency band, and a non-linear elements, and a second band-pass filter in the intermediate frequency band, comprising a third band-pass filter of the high-frequency signal frequency band The frequency converter according to claim 1. And characterized by switching the use component of the frequency 2FL ± fi switch the input or output of the intermediate frequency signal input and output terminals in claim 3 wherein said first signal distributing and combining means
Frequency converter according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein said non-linear element is an anti-parallel device.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is an iodine.
2. The frequency converter according to claim 1.