JP3253019B2 - Stereo camera - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a stereo camera, and more particularly to a stereo camera in which loss of left and right screens is reduced.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In most conventional stereo cameras, the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is set substantially equal to the distance between the centers of the left and right screens. Therefore, the field ranges of the left and right screens match at infinity, but at a shooting distance shorter than infinity, the field ranges of the left and right screens do not match, and as shown in FIG. ) And the outer edge of the right screen (R) are photographed in different ranges (ab) and (cd), respectively. The area of the non-overlapping portions (ab) and (cd) is the shortest photographing distance. Is the largest.

A non-overlapping portion of a stereo photograph is a portion where a stereoscopic image is not formed when viewed with a stereo slide viewer, and a subject at a shorter distance than infinity is photographed on a stereo slide mount where the entire screen of the film can be seen. When a stereo photograph is mounted, as shown in FIG. 23, when viewed with both eyes, boundaries b,
A vertical line in which the edge of the other window overlaps can be seen in c, which detracts from interest. Therefore, a non-overlapping portion of the film is generally masked using a stereo slide mount whose window width is smaller than the screen width of the film.

FIG. 24 shows a stereo slide mount 1 having a structure in which a reversal film is held between a base frame 2 and a cover frame 3 having the same planar shape. The width Ww of the left window 4L and the right window 4R is smaller than the width of the screen of the film, and is a dimension capable of masking a non-overlapping portion generated on the screen of the film at the shortest photographing distance. Film FL, F
R is attached to the windows 4L and 4R of the stereo slide mount 1 while being offset to the outside, respectively, as shown in FIG.
Are masked at the non-overlapping portions (ab) and (cd).

In a film in which a distant view subject and a near view subject are mixed, the interval between subject images (especially, a close view subject image) that most affects the matching of the left and right screens is determined by the distance Pw between the centers of the left and right windows of the stereo slide mount. It is desirable to adjust the lateral offset amount of the film with respect to the window of the stereo slide mount so that the perspective is corrected so as to be equal or more.

On the other hand, in the case of a stereo photograph in which a subject at a long distance is photographed, since the ranges of the fields of the screens of the right and left films almost coincide with each other, it is not necessary to mask the screen. As shown, both sides of the screen of the left and right films FL and FR are masked by the windows 4L and 4R of the stereo slide mount, and the loss of the screen is large.

[0007] Contrary to the above-mentioned stereo camera, there has been a stereo camera in which the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is set to be narrow so that the field of view of the left and right screens coincides with the shortest photographing distance in the past. It is known that. This stereo camera, contrary to the above stereo camera, when shooting at infinity, non-overlapping parts where the field ranges do not match inside the left and right screens occur, so the film that shot infinity is
Contrary to what is shown in FIG. 24, it is necessary to offset and mount the left and right films inward to mask the non-overlapping parts on the inside. Since it is not necessary to offset the mounting position of the film that has photographed the subject at the shortest photographing distance, the film is mounted in the state shown in FIG. 25, and the amount of screen loss is the same as that of the above-described stereo camera.

The applicant of the present application has proposed a stereo camera in which the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is automatically adjusted, and a stereo camera in which the distance between the optical axes can be manually adjusted in order to reduce the above-mentioned screen loss. Has been proposed. According to the stereo camera with variable distance between optical axes, the field of view of the left and right screens can be matched in the entire shooting distance range, and the occurrence of non-overlapping portions of the left and right screens can be suppressed. Therefore,
The window width of the stereo slide mount can be made almost equal to the screen width of the film to reduce screen loss, but the provision of the optical axis distance adjustment mechanism complicates the configuration of the stereo camera and increases the price Is inevitable.

[0009] Therefore, in a stereo camera having a fixed structure between the optical axes with a simpler structure, there arises a technical problem to be solved in order to reduce the screen loss as much as possible. The purpose is to solve.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention proposes the above-mentioned object, in which a left and right photographing lens is fixed in a stereo camera in which a distance between optical axes of two photographing lenses is fixed. lens distance between the optical axis, a distance equal to the distance between the centers of the left and right of the screen, and set approximately midway between the distance between the optical axes of object field range of the right and left photographing lens in the shortest photographing distance matches the far Left and right for distance shooting and short distance shooting
The non-overlapping area of the stereo photo that occurs on the right screen is
Almost 1 screen loss by allocating to both inside and outside of each
/ 2 , and a stereo camera in which the distance between the optical axes of the two left and right photographing lenses is fixed, the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is
It is between the center between 1.2mm short distance and the shortest photographing distance than the distance of the left and right of the screen and distance between the optical axes of object field range matching right and left photographing lenses, among the left and right of the screen
1.2mm shorter than the distance between the hearts and the shortest shooting distance
Between the optical axes where the field ranges of the left and right photographing lenses match
Set within the range that does not include the distance, and use it for
The non-overlapping stereo photos on the left and right screen
Allocate multiple areas to both inside and outside of the screen
It is intended to provide a stereo camera capable of reducing screen loss .

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that, for convenience of explanation,
Technical matters shall be explained at the same time. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses 10L and 10R of the stereo camera. The distance P1 between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is defined as the range of the field of the left and right photographing lenses at infinity. Are set substantially in the middle between the optical axis distance P1 _{max at} which the distances P1 coincide with each other and the optical axis distance P1 _{min at} which the field ranges of the left and right photographing lenses coincide at the shortest photographing distance.

As a result, the field ranges of the left and right screens PL and PR coincide with each other substantially at the midpoint of the extension range of the photographing lenses 10L and 10R. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, non-overlapping portions (AB, CD) occur outside the left and right screens at the time of short-distance shooting, and at the time of long-distance shooting, as shown in FIG. , Non-overlapping portions (AB, CD) occur inside each of the images, and the area of the non-overlapping portion between the screen at the shortest distance shooting and the screen at the infinity shooting becomes the maximum.

However, the maximum area of the non-overlapping portion is reduced to one half of the non-overlapping portion (AB, CD) at the time of the shortest distance photographing in the conventional stereo camera shown in FIG. Thus, by using a stereo slide mount having a wider window width than the conventional stereo slide mount and a screen mask amount of の of that of the conventional stereo slide mount, it is possible to reduce the screen loss due to masking by half.

The setting of the distance between the optical axes will be described below with reference to FIG. Here, the subject distance ‥‥ L The focal length of the photographing lens 移動 f The amount of movement of the lens in the optical axis direction due to focus adjustment ‥‥ Δif The distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses ‥‥ P1 The distance between the centers of the left and right screens ‥ ‥ Pf The distance between the centers of the subject images at the focal distance ‥‥ Pi ₁ , the focal length of the photographing lens f = 36 (mm) The distance between the centers of the left and right screens Pf = Perforation pitch of the film * 14 = 4.735 * 14 = 66.29 (mm).

When the subject distance L is infinity, the light from infinity is incident parallel to the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses 10L and 10R, so that the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is the center of the left and right screens. Distance Pl _max equal to the distance Pf (66.
29 mm), the field ranges of the left and right photographing lenses coincide.

The calculation of the distance Pl between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is performed by calculating the amount of movement of the lens in the direction of the optical axis Δif = f ² / (L−f) The projection magnification r of the lens r = (Δif + f) / L = Δif / f From the relationship of Pl = Pi ₁ / (1 + r), if the shortest photographing distance of the photographing lens is 500 mm, Δif = 36 ² /(500−36)=2.7931 (m)
m) r = 2.7931 / 36 = 0.007759 At this photographing distance, the distance between the optical axes at which the field ranges of the right and left photographing lenses coincide, that is, the center distance Pi ₁ of the subject image having the shortest focusing distance is left and right. Screen center distance Pf (6
Between the optical axis coincides with 6.29Mm) distance Pl _min is _{Pl min = 66.29 / (1 +} 0.07759) = 6
1.517 (mm).

Therefore, the distance between the optical axes at which the object fields of the left and right photographing lenses coincide at infinity is 66.29 mm.
((66.29 + 61.517) /2=63.9 mm) between the optical axis distance 61.517 mm where the field ranges of the left and right photographing lenses coincide at the shortest photographing distance.
If the value close to is set as the distance between the optical axes, the screen loss at the far and near ends of the focus adjustment range can be halved. However, the distance between the optical axes does not need to be strictly an intermediate value, but may be set freely before and after the intermediate value.If the distance is increased beyond the intermediate value, the screen loss at the time of distant shooting is further reduced. If the distance is set narrower than the intermediate value, the screen loss at the time of short-distance shooting decreases and the screen loss at the time of long-distance shooting increases.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are explanatory views of a stereoscopic image of a stereo slide. Assuming that the distance between the centers of the left and right windows 4L and 4R of the stereo slide mount 1 is Pf and the distance between the centers of the infinitely distant subject images on the left and right screens is Pi, FIG.
f = Pi, subject image and stereo window Iw (virtual window in which left and right windows match in stereoscopic vision and appear as one)
Will appear at infinity. This stereo window Iw is natural if it is seen at a closer distance than the subject image, for example, as in the case of viewing an outdoor scenery from indoors through a window of a house. However, the stereo window Iw cannot be seen at an infinite position. Feels unnatural.

On the other hand, FIG. 5 shows that the center distance Pi between the left and right object images is larger than the center distance Pf between the left and right windows.
f <Pi indicates a state in which parallax is corrected, and Pf
As the difference between Pi and Pi increases, the stereo window Iw appears closer, but the distance Pi between the centers of the right and left infinity subject images is limited to about Pi = Pf + 1.2 (mm). Above this, it becomes difficult to see because of the relationship between the convergence angles of both eyes.

The distance Pl between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses of the stereo camera is set to be greater than the distance between the optical axes (the distance Pf between the centers of the left and right screens) at infinity where the field ranges of the left and right photographing lenses coincide. By reducing the distance by 2 mm or more, the distance Pi ₁ between the centers of the images on the left and right screens of the subject located at infinity at the time of shooting is reduced by 1.2 mm from the center distance Pf between the left and right screens. (The image of the subject at infinity is Pi ₁ = Pl).

Since the image at the time of photographing is an inverted image that is inverted right and left and up and down, if the film is rotated by 180 degrees and mounted on a stereo slide mount in an upright image state, the center of the left and right subject images as shown in FIG. The distance Pi is 1.2
The stereo window is seen closer than about 2 m.

Therefore, when the distance Pf between the centers of the left and right screens is 66.29 mm and the shortest photographing distance of the photographing lens is 500 mm, the distance P1 between the left and right photographing lenses is set to 61.517 <P1 <( 66.29-1.
2) Since the setting is made in the range of (mm), loss of the screen can be reduced as compared with the conventional stereo camera.

The above-described stereo camera has a configuration in which the screen loss is reduced in a stereo slide mount having a fixed window width. However, if a stereo slide mount having several types of window widths is used, the screen loss is reduced at any shooting distance. It can be minimized.

In FIG. 6, for example, the distance Pf between the centers of the left and right screens is Pf = 66.29 mm, the focal length f of the photographing lens is f = 36 mm, and the distance Lw = 250 between the stereo windows at infinity photographing.
Assuming 0 mm, the distance Pl between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses 10L and 10R has a relationship of lens projection magnification r = Δif / f = (Δif + f) / L Pl = Pf / (1 + r). Since Δif = 0, Pl = Pf / (1 + r) = 66.29 / (1 + 36/2500) = 65.349 (mm).

If the focus is adjusted to infinity under these conditions,
Center distance Pi ₁ of left and right images of an object located 2.5m shooting distance becomes equal 66.29mm to center distance Pf of the left and right of the screen. Therefore, a subject image at a distance of 2.5 m appears to be equidistant with a stereo window located at 2.5 m, and a subject image at a distance of 2.5 m or more appears farther than the stereo window.

When the left and right photographing lenses 10L and 10R are moved forward along the optical axis to focus on an object at a short distance, the distance between the centers of the images of the objects at the in-focus distance is larger than Pi _1. When mounting on a stereo slide mount, the offset amount of the film for correcting parallax is (Pi ₁ -Pf) / 2 for one of the films.

Therefore, the width of the window of the stereo slide mount is outside the film screen (in FIG. 6, inside).
And at the same time, to prevent the inner edge of the screen from appearing in the window, the width (Pi ₁ -P
It is necessary to reduce the amount of f). For example, (Pi ₁ -P
When f) / 2 is 0.25 mm, the reduction amount of the window width of the stereo slide mount is 0.5 mm.

Now, for example, when the width of the window of the stereo slide mount is reduced by 0.5 mm, the stereo window Iw
The focusing distance L at which the camera looks equidistant with the subject is
Assuming that the projection magnification of 0L and 10R is r, the relationship of r = (Pi ₁ −Pl) / Pl Δif = f * r L = (Δif + f) / r can be expressed, and the reduction amount of the window width is represented by Rw. Then, r = (Pi ₁ −Pl) / Pl = (Pf + Rw−Pl) /
Pl and Rw = 0.5, r = (66.29 + 0.5−65.349) /65.3
49 = 0.022051 Δif = 36 * 0.022051 = 0.93783 L = (0.79383 + 36) /0.022051=1
669 (mm).

When the film photographed by the stereo camera is mounted on a stereo slide mount having a window width of 0.5 mm smaller than the screen width of the film with a maximum offset, that is, the vertical edge inside the film screen. If the camera is mounted in such a manner that it coincides with the vertical edge inside the window of the slide mount, a stereo window can be seen at a distance equal to the image of the subject at a distance of 1669 mm.

When the window width reduction amount Rw is 1 mm, r = (66.29 + 1.0−65.349) /65.3.
49 = 0.02970 Δif = 36 * 0.02970 = 1.0992 L = (1.0692 + 36) /0.02970=124
8 (mm), and a stereo window can be seen at the same distance as the image of the subject at a distance of 1248 mm.

Therefore, the distance between the optical axes is set to 65.34.
The film which photographed a subject of 2500 mm or more by a 9 mm stereo camera was mounted on a stereo slide mount having a window width equal to the screen width, and the film which photographed a subject of a distance of 2499 mm to 1669 mm reduced the screen width by 0.5 mm. Film mounted on a stereo slide mount and shooting an object at a distance of 1698 mm to 1248 mm can be mounted on a stereo slide mount with a reduced screen width of 1 mm so that the object at the focal distance can be seen farther than the stereo window. Parallax is properly corrected.

The table of FIG. 7 shows a stereo slide mount in which the window width of the stereo slide mount is reduced in steps of 0.5 mm from 32 mm in correspondence with a stereo camera having a shooting window width of 32 mm, and the optical axis described above. It is a photographing distance comparison table in the stereo camera of the distance.

If a film is mounted by selecting a stereo slide mount corresponding to the shooting distance from the seven stages of stereo slide mounts, the loss of the screen can be minimized. It is necessary to be able to recognize the shooting distance.
This problem can be solved by providing a means for recording shooting distance information outside the screen of the film in the stereo camera.

FIG. 8 shows a state in which the back cover of the stereo camera 11 has been removed. In the same manner as a general camera, a 135 type film is loaded into the patrone loading chamber 12 at the left end of the body, and the leading end of the 135 type film is removed. The film is wound on the film winding shaft 13 by being locked to the film winding shaft 13 at the right end. A pair of left and right photographing windows 14L and 14L are provided between the patrone loading chamber 12 and the film winding shaft 13.
14R are provided.

On each of the photographing windows 14L and 14R,
Number exposure devices 15L and 15R for exposing the frame number and the left and right identification characters are provided outside the screen of the film, and the photographic lenses 10L and 1R are provided below the left photographic window 14L.
A distance information exposure device 16 that exposes shooting distance information based on the focus adjustment amount of 0R is provided. In addition, index exposure devices 17L and 17R for exposing vertical lines serving as cutting targets are provided on the left sides of the imaging windows 14L and 14R, respectively, in gaps between film screens.

Each of the above-mentioned exposure devices 15, 16 and 17 exposes a line or a character on a film by an LED which emits light in conjunction with a shutter, and, like a general date recording device, a stereo camera. It may be provided on the back cover to expose from the back of the film.

The photographing distance information includes the photographing lenses 10L and 10L.
An electric position detector (not shown) for detecting the extension amount of R is provided, and the photographing distance is obtained from the extension amount of the photographing lens, or is measured by a distance measuring circuit in an autofocus type stereo camera. The guide number (# 0, # 1, ## 6) of the stereo slide mount corresponding to the obtained shooting distance information in the comparison table of FIG. 7 is exposed on the film. Specifically, the guide number is indicated by the number of vertical lines, and the same number of vertical lines as the guide number is recorded.

FIG. 9 shows a filmstrip F photographed by the stereo camera 11, in which 1
Frame numbers Nf in the order of R, 2R, 1L, 2L,.
Is recorded, and zero to six vertical lines Lg are provided at the lower edge.
Accordingly, the guide number of the stereo slide mount corresponding to the shooting distance is displayed. Further, a target for cutting the film in the gap between the screens of the film, and a vertical line Lc serving as a positioning index in a parallax correction amount verification device described later are recorded.

The image projected on the film through the lens of the stereo camera 11 is turned upside down and left and right as viewed from the back side of the camera. Since the camera is mounted in a standing image state, the frame number is located at the lower edge of the film and the distance information is located at the upper edge in the mounted state, but these positions are not particularly limited.

FIG. 10 shows a stereo slide mount, which is composed of a base frame 21 and a cover frame 22. Windows 23L, 23R, 24L, and 24R are provided on the left and right sides of the base frame 21 and the cover frame 22 formed by resin injection molding, respectively. Pitch P of windows 23L, 23R, 24L, 24R
Is set to approximately 63 mm, which is close to the pitch between human eyes, and the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the windows 23L, 23R, 24L, 24R are 24 * 32 (mm), the same as the dimensions of the shooting window of the stereo camera 11. Thus, the entire screen of the film can be seen.

At each of the four upper, lower, left, and right portions of the windows 23L, 23R of the base frame 21, cylindrical pins 25 are erected, and the distance between the upper and lower pins 25 is the same as the width of the film F in the vertical direction. Positioning pin 2 on film F
5, the window 23L of the base frame 21,
The vertical center of 23R and the vertical center of the screen of the film F coincide with each other.

The cover frame 22 is provided with a pin hole 26 at a position symmetrical to the pin 25 of the base frame 21. When the pin 25 and the pin hole 26 are fitted, the base frame 21 and the cover frame 22 are connected. Be combined.

At the four corners around the windows 23L, 23R of the base frame 21, projections for engaging the perforations of the film are formed by a projection processing device, which will be described later, so that the back surfaces of the four corners around the windows 24L, 24R of the cover frame 22 are formed. Recesses 27 </ b> L and 27 </ b> R for preventing interference with the projection formed on the base frame 21 are formed on the (surface in contact with the base frame).

A vertical groove-shaped hinge portion 22a is formed at the left and right center of the cover frame 22, so that the cover frame 22 can be bent at the center. The film is placed at the positions of the left and right windows of the base frame 21, the left portion of the cover frame 22 bent at the center is overlapped, and the positioning pins 25 and the pin holes 26 are fitted. The base frame 21 and the cover frame 22 are joined by fitting the right part of the base frame 22 to the base frame 21.

The above stereo slide mount is shown in FIG.
The window width is adjusted by the framing mask 31 shown in FIG. The framing mask 31 is formed by punching a window 31a in a light-shielding material such as paper or a black resin film,
The upper and lower widths are larger than the width of the film, and the holes 31 for engaging the pins 25 of the base frame 21 shown in FIG.
b are provided above and below both left and right ends. In addition, rectangular holes 31c are formed near the four corners of the window 31a of each framing mask 31, as shown in FIG. The four holes 31c are provided in the cover frame 2 shown in FIG.
It is located at a position corresponding to the second recesses 27L and 27R, and is for avoiding interference with a projection P formed on the base frame 21 by a mounting device 111 described later.

FIG. 11 shows # 1, # 3, and # 5 having different window widths.
Although three types of framing masks 31 are shown, there are actually six types (# 1 to # 6), and the window width of each of the six types of framing masks 31 is the guide number in the table of FIG. It corresponds to the window width of # 1 to # 6.

The center position of the window 31a of each framing mask 31 is constant, and even if the framing mask 31 of any guide number is mounted on the base frame 21, the center-to-center distance of the windows 31a of the left and right framing masks 31 is constant. Become.

The film mounting operation on the stereo slide mount can be accurately performed by using the parallax correction amount verification device 41 shown in FIG.

The parallax correction amount verification device 41 includes a projection lens 4
2L, 42R and a focusing screen 43L, provided with a collimation pattern.
An optical system including an eyepiece 43R and eyepieces 44L and 44R is disposed on the left and right sides. A main slider 46 disposed at the front and rear intermediate portion of the frame 45 includes a projection lens 42.
Left and right lateral sliders 47 slidable in the optical axis directions of L and 42R and mounted on the main slider 46.
L, 47R are formed so as to be slidable in the horizontal direction, and the projection lenses 42L, 42R are left and right lateral sliders 47.
L and 47R are separately mounted.

The main slider 46 is slid forward and backward by a projection magnification adjusting cam 48 which is driven to rotate by a motor (not shown). Left and right lateral sliders 4
Optical axis distance adjusting cam 49 sandwiched between 7L and 47R
The left and right lateral sliders 4 are fixed to the shaft 50 by displacing the phases of two cams of the same shape by 180 degrees.
7L and 47R are pressed against the inter-optical axis distance adjusting cam 49 by a spring. When a knob (not shown) attached to the shaft 50 of the optical axis distance adjusting cam 49 is rotated, the distance between the left and right lateral sliders 47L, 47R is enlarged or reduced, and the optical axes of the left and right projection lenses 42L, 42R are enlarged. The distance can be adjusted.

The film holder 51 fixed to the rear part of the frame 45 guides a film strip of a developed stereo photograph, and a set of stereo photograph screens is exposed through left and right windows 52L and 52R. An illumination light bulb 53 is disposed behind the film holder 51, and images of the film in the left and right windows 52L and 52R of the film holder 51 are focused on the focusing screen 43 via the projection lenses 42L and 42R.
L, 43R, and the left and right eyepieces 44L, 44R
You can view stereo pictures through the camera.

Below the left window 52L of the film holder 51, an image sensor 54 (a sensor such as a CCD image sensor or a light spot detector (PSD) using a photodiode) is disposed. The distance information recorded below is read, and a control device (not shown) controls the projection magnification adjusting cam drive motor to move the main slider 46 to set the projection magnification corresponding to the distance information.

The table of FIG. 13 shows the projection magnification when the horizontal width of the reticle is 32 mm, which is equal to the screen width of the film. For example, the projection magnification corresponding to the framing mask of # 2 is 1.
03226, and the projection screen width is 33.03226 mm
The projection screen is 0.516 mm on each side of the reticle
Exceeds the same mask ratio as when a screen with a width of 32 mm is masked by # 2 framing with a width of 31 mm.

By fixing the reticle and the film holder,
In a structure in which the projection magnification is changed by moving only the projection lens, setting the middle of the projection magnification adjustment range to 1 makes it easier to maintain focus accuracy in the entire adjustment range. FIG. 14 shows the middle of the projection magnification adjustment range,
That is, this is a table in the case where the projection magnification of # 3 is 1. As shown here, for example, the projection magnification corresponding to # 0 is 0.9.
5313 and the actual projected screen width is 30.500 mm
Therefore, if the width of the reticle is also set to 30.500 mm, the mask amount of the screen of the # 0 film projected on the reticle becomes zero. Then, for example, the projection magnification corresponding to # 3 is 1.0, the projection screen width is 32.00 mm, and the projection screen exceeds the left and right sides of the reticle by 0.75 mm, respectively. Screen width 3
This is the same state as when masking with a 0.5 mm # 3 framing mask.

Further, the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses described above is set to a distance equal to the distance between the centers of the left and right photographing screens and the light whose field of view of the left and right photographing lenses coincides at the shortest photographing distance. The left and right shooting lenses at the shortest shooting distance, such as a stereo camera set at approximately the middle of the inter-axis distance and the distance between the optical axes of the left and right shooting lenses 1.2 mm shorter than the center distance of the left and right shooting screens In a stereo camera set within the range between the optical axis distances where the object field ranges coincide with each other, the amount by which the screen should be masked at both ends of the photographing distance range becomes maximum rather than the middle of the photographing distance range.

The table in FIG. 15 shows that the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is the same as the distance between the centers of the left and right photographing screens,
9 is a comparison table of the projection number of the stereo camera and the guide number of the framing mask set almost in the middle of the distance between the optical axes at which the field ranges of the left and right photographing lenses coincide at the shortest photographing distance. As shown here, no framing mask is required in the middle of the focus adjustment range (# 0)
Before and after that, the number of the framing mask increases. Therefore, this stereo camera may be configured so that the guide number recorded on the film is recorded corresponding to the photographing distance and the projection magnification in this table.

FIG. 16 shows the focusing lens holder 55 with the projection lens 4.
It is a rear view seen from the 2L, 42R side, and the right and left focusing screens 4 are shown.
A collimation pattern CP mainly composed of a plurality of vertical lines is formed on 3L and 43R. Image sensors 56L and 56R for detecting the position of the film perforation are mounted below the focusing screens 43L and 43R.
A small window 57 is provided on the inner edge of 3L (right in the figure).

As shown in FIG. 17, the film holder 51
A small window 58, 59 is formed on the upper left and lower left of the left window 52L, and a glass on which a reference line serving as a film positioning index is attached is mounted on the lower small window 59. Small window 5 below
9 is projected on a small window 57 above the reticle holder 55, and while observing the image of the small window 57, the reference line of the small window 59 below the film holder 51 and the positioning recorded on the film. If the index lines match, the positions of the film screen and the windows 52L and 52R of the film holder 51 exactly match.

When film feeding is performed by a motor, an image sensor is provided in a small window 59 below the film holder 51, and the film feeding is controlled based on image information from the image sensor, and a reference line and a positioning index line are set. You may make it match automatically.

The film perforations are performed by image sensors 56L, 56R provided below the focusing screen holder 55.
And the image sensors 56L and 56R scan the perforated projection image in the horizontal direction.

For example, scanning is performed outward from a position regarded as a gap between screens slightly inside the vertical frame positions of the left and right focusing screens 43L and 43R. If the scanning start position is the position of the perforation, the image sensor 56L,
The output of 56R is a white level due to the light passing through the perforations, and eventually changes to a black level when passing through the perforations. If the scanning start position is the position of the gap between the perforations, the outputs of the image sensors 56L and 56R are at the black level, change to the white level when the perforation is reached, and then change to the black level when passing the perforation. Changes to In any case, the image sensors 56L, 56R
When the output level changes from the white level to the black level, this is the inner edge of the perforation at the end when the film is cut into one frame, and this position is detected.
The position of the perforations projected on the reticle 43L, 43R changes depending on the projection magnification, and is different from the actual absolute position of the perforations with respect to the screen of the film. Therefore, the control unit calculates the actual perforation position data by dividing the detected position data (the distance from the center of the reticle to the perforation detection position) by the projection magnification at that time, and stores the data in the memory.

Incidentally, in the current various films, the marking such as the frame number is exposed on the upper and lower edges of the film, and the one-dimensional line sensor may confuse the frame number and the like with the perforation.
If the two-dimensional image pattern scanned along the perforation by the two-dimensional area sensor is analyzed by the pattern recognition processing unit so as to identify the pattern of the perforation and the pattern of the other marking, the risk of the confusion described above is eliminated. Will be resolved.

As described above, the position of the film screen and the windows 52L and 52R of the film holder 51 are manually or automatically adjusted, and the projection magnification is automatically controlled based on the photographing distance information recorded on the film. When the screens on the left and right focusing screens 43L and 43R are viewed stereoscopically in this state, the same screen mask as that obtained by mounting the film on a stereo slide mount using the framing mask 31 having the window width corresponding to the shooting distance information is used. You will observe a stereo screen of the rate.

However, in this state, since the left and right sides of the film screen are still masked, it is necessary to correct the parallax by adjusting the horizontal offset amount of the screen.
Therefore, the left and right lateral sliders 4 shown in FIG.
The offset adjustment is performed by manually rotating the cam 49 for adjusting the distance between the optical axes between 7L and 47R to adjust the distance between the left and right projection lenses 42L and 42R.

When the distance between the left and right projection lenses 42L and 42R is enlarged, the projection screen is offset to the outside. Conversely, when the distance between the left and right projection lenses 42L and 42R is reduced, the projection screen is offset to the inside and the parallax is corrected. Can be observed.

When the offset adjustment is performed while observing the screens on the focusing screens 43L and 43R while looking through the eyepieces 44L and 44R, the perspective between the collimation pattern of the focusing screen focusing screens 43L and 43R and the stereoscopic image fluctuates. . A state in which the stereoscopic image is seen on the same plane as the collimation pattern or behind the collimation pattern is an optimal offset state for the stereo photograph.

Then, when the appropriate parallax correction state is established, if the enter key (not shown) on the operation panel is pressed, the perforations are scanned by the above-described image sensors 56L and 56R, and the perforation position data and The frame number is input and stored in the memory of the control unit.

For a film on which an image of an object at an extremely short distance from the focused object is projected, a projection magnification (# 0, ‥) automatically set based on the photographing distance data.
Even if the offset adjustment is performed to the limit with the screen mask amount of # 6), the correction may be insufficient. In such a case, it is necessary to further increase the mask magnification by enlarging the projection magnification. Therefore, it is necessary to operate the projection magnification adjustment mechanism arbitrarily to switch the projection magnification stepwise. is there. Also, a manually adjusted projection lens 42
When the distance between the optical axes of L and 42R exceeds the maximum limit of the automatically set projection magnification, this may be detected and the projection magnification may be automatically increased by one step.

FIG. 18 shows the mounting apparatus 111.
The mount processing device 111 forms a protrusion for positioning the position of the film in the left-right direction on a base frame of a stereo slide mount made of a thermoplastic resin.

On the base 112 of the mounting device 111, a portal frame 113 is installed.
3, fix the Y rail 114 on the
, An electromagnetic induction heater 115 is arranged on the left side, and a mount feeding device 116 is arranged on the right side of the portal frame 113.

A plunger carriage 117 is mounted on the Y rail 114, and a Z-axis actuator 118 is attached to the front of the plunger carriage 117 driven by a linear servomotor (not shown). Plunger holder 1
19 is attached.

On the lower surface of the plunger holder 119, four round bar heat plungers 120 are mounted.
X-axis direction of heat plunger 120 (front and rear in the figure)
Is equal to the pitch of the upper and lower perforations of the 135-type film, and the pitch in the Y-axis direction (left and right in the figure) is formed slightly larger than the pitch of the perforations at the left and right ends of the film cut into one frame.

At the right end of the gate-shaped frame 113, a die plate elevating device 121 is mounted.
1, a die plate 122 is attached. Four holes 123 corresponding to the four heat plungers 120 of the plunger holder 119 are formed in the die plate 122, and as shown in FIG. A circular recess 123 a eccentric to the left and right center direction of 122 is formed. The space between the outer peripheral surfaces of the left and right recessed portions 123a is equal to the space between the perforations at the left and right ends of the film cut into one frame. In addition, plunger holder 1
It is preferable that the heat plunger 120 and the die plate 122 be formed using a material having a low expansion coefficient in order to prevent a dimensional change due to a temperature change, and the heat plunger 120 is mounted on the plunger holder 119 via a heat insulating support.

The mount feeding device 116 mounts the mount carriage 125 on the Y rail 124 on the upper surface, slides the mount carriage 125 by a linear servomotor (not shown), and the controller (not shown) controls the parallax correction amount. The Y coordinate of the mount carriage 125 is controlled based on the position data input from the test device 41. A mount holder 125a is provided on the upper surface of the mount carriage 125.
Is provided so that the base frame 21 of the stereo slide mount can be mounted and fixed to the mount holder 125a.

When the plunger carriage 117 is moved to the left end of the movement range and the plunger holder 119 is lowered, four heat plungers 120 are inserted into four holes on the upper surface of the electromagnetic induction heater 115, and the electromagnetic induction heater 115 is used. Heat plunger 120 is heated. Further, the plunger carriage 117 is moved rightward to control the feed amount so that the four heat plungers 120 of the plunger holder 119 stop at positions matching the four holes 123 of the die plate 122. Plunger holder 1
By descending 19, the tip of heat plunger 120 is inserted into hole 123 of die plate 122.

A series of operations of the mount processing device 111 are controlled by the control device. Based on the perforation position data of the left and right ends of the film detected by the parallax correction amount verification device 41, the mounting process is performed on the base frame 21. Do.

The operation will be described below. First, when the stereo slide mount base frame 21 is mounted on the mount holder portion 125a of the mount carriage 125 and a processing execution command is input, perforation position data is transferred from the verification device 41 to the mounting processing device 111, and the The plunger holder 119 of the plunger carriage 117 is moved down, and the heat plunger 120 is inserted into the hole of the electromagnetic induction heater 115 to heat the heat plunger 120. At the same time, the control unit drives the mount carriage 125 based on the perforation position data, and the upper die plate 1
The mount carriage 125 is moved to a position where the relative position between the hole 123 of 22 and the left window 102L of the base frame 21 matches the relative position between the left screen and the perforation tested by the testing device 41. Then, the die plate lifting / lowering device 121 moves down the die plate 122 and makes the die plate 122 adhere to the left window 23L of the base frame 21 to position the die plate 122 at an accurate processing position of the left window 23L of the base frame 21. And fix it. Subsequently, the heated heat plunger 120 is raised from the electromagnetic induction heating device 115 and the plunger carriage 11
7, the plunger holder 119 is lowered, and the heat plunger 120 is inserted into the hole 123 of the die plate 122 to come into contact with the base frame 21.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 20, the portion of the base frame 21 in contact with the heat plunger 120 is melted, and the melted resin flows into the recess 123 a of the die plate 122. And the plunger holder 11
When the resin 9 rises, the molten resin is deprived of heat by the die plate 122 and solidified, and a crescent-shaped projection P shown in FIG. 21 is formed.

Subsequently, the die plate 122 is raised,
As in the step of forming the projection of the left window 23L, the base frame 2
The mount carriage 125 is moved to a position where four projections of the right window 23R to be formed coincide with the holes 123 of the upper die plate 122, and the die plate 122 is lowered to be brought into pressure contact with the base frame 21 to thereby make a plunger holder. 11
9, four projections P are formed around the right window 23R of the base frame 21 similarly to the left window.

Although not shown, a printer such as an ink-jet printer is juxtaposed in the vicinity of the mount feeding device 116 or on the base 112 of the mount processing device 111, and before or after the projection forming step, a base frame is formed. A frame number and a guide number of a framing mask to be mounted on the base frame 21 are printed on 21. Frame number is L like 1L, 1R
Notation for distinguishing R from R is not required, and may be represented only by numerals. If the print position of the frame number is set, for example, at the lower center of the base frame, the direction of the numeral can be determined from the print position of the numeral, and there is no possibility that 6 and 9 are confused.

If the guide number of the framing mask is represented by a number, there is a risk of being confused with the frame number. When the guide number is # 0, no mask is required since the mask number is not required. Is B, # 3
Can be easily understood at a glance by writing C, Δ, and # 6 as F.

When mounting the film on the base frame 21 on which the projections P are formed, the film is cut at the position of the vertical line Lc, which is the cutting target, and is placed at the position of the window of the base frame 21. When the perforations are engaged and the symbol of the framing mask is written, the framing mask 31 of the guide number corresponding to the displayed characters is superimposed on the film and the base frame 21
Positioning is performed using the pin 25 of FIG. Then, when the cover frame 22 is fitted to the base frame 21, the film is mounted in a state where the screen offset amount is relatively equal to the offset amount verified by the parallax correction amount verification device 41.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible within the technical scope of the present invention, and it goes without saying that the present invention extends to those modifications. is there.

[0084]

As described above, according to the present invention, the left and right
Stereo camera with fixed distance between the optical axes of the two shooting lenses
In (a), the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is approximately halfway between the distance equal to the distance between the centers of the left and right screens and the distance between the optical axes at which the field ranges of the left and right photographing lenses coincide at the shortest photographing distance. Therefore, a small non-overlapping portion occurs outside each of the left and right screens at the time of short-distance shooting, and a slight non-overlapping portion occurs inside each of the left and right screens at the time of long-distance shooting. Although the area of the non-overlapping portion is maximized between the screen at the shortest distance shooting and the screen at the infinity shooting, since the non-overlapping portion is distributed to both the inside and the outside of the screen, the conventional It is possible to use a stereo slide mount having a wider window width than the stereo slide mount and a screen mask amount of １ ／ that of the conventional stereo slide mount, and it is possible to reduce the screen loss by masking to half. In addition, according to the present invention
A fixed distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses
In the Leo camera, the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is 1.2 mm shorter than the distance between the centers of the left and right screens.
(Not including the 1.2 mm shorter distance) and the distance between the optical axes (not including the distance between the optical axes) at which the object field ranges of the left and right photographing lenses coincide at the shortest photographing distance. As described above, the non-overlapping area of the stereo photograph is divided between the inside and outside of the left and right screens at the time of long-distance shooting and at the time of short-distance shooting. Compared to a stereo camera with a fixed distance between axes
Te, it is possible to reduce the screen loss.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a distance between optical axes of a stereo camera according to claim 1.

FIGS. 2A and 2B show a screen at the time of shooting at infinity by the stereo camera of FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 2L is a front view of a left screen, and FIG.

3A and 3B show a screen at the time of the shortest distance shooting by the stereo camera of FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 3L is a front view of a left screen, and FIG. 3R is a front view of a right screen.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a stereoscopic image formation state of a stereo slide.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a stereoscopic image formation state of a stereo slide.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a distance between optical axes of a stereo camera.

FIG. 7 is a comparison table of the window width of the stereo slide mount and the shooting distance of the stereo camera.

FIG. 8 is a rear view of the stereo camera with the back cover removed.

FIG. 9 is a front view of a filmstrip taken by the stereo camera of the present invention.

10A and 10B show a stereo slide mount, wherein FIG. 10A is a front view of a base frame, and FIG. 10B is a front view of a cover frame.

FIGS. 11A and 11B are front views of the framing mask, respectively.

FIG. 12 is a plan view showing the structure of a parallax correction amount verification device.

FIG. 13 is a comparison table of the window width of the stereo slide mount and the projection magnification of the parallax correction amount verification device.

FIG. 14 is a comparison table of the window width of the stereo slide mount and the projection magnification of the parallax correction amount verification device.

FIG. 15 is a comparison table of the window width of the stereo slide mount and the projection magnification of the parallax correction amount verification device.

FIG. 16 shows a reticle holder of the parallax correction amount verification device,
(A) is a rear view, (b) is a side sectional view.

FIG. 17 is a front view of a film holder of the parallax correction amount verification device.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a mounting apparatus.

FIG. 19 shows a die plate, (a) is a plan view,
(B) is a side sectional view, and (c) is a bottom view.

FIG. 20 is a sectional view showing a step of forming a projection of the base frame.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing the shape of a projection.

FIG. 22 shows screen loss of a conventional stereo camera,
(L) is a front view of the left screen, and (R) is a front view of the right screen.

FIG. 23 is an explanatory diagram of a state where the screen of FIG. 22 is stereoscopically viewed;

24A and 24B show a prior art, in which FIG. 24A is a front view of a stereo slide mount on which a shortest distance photographing film is mounted, and FIG.

FIG. 25 is a front view of a stereo slide mount according to the related art, on which an infinity film is mounted.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 11 stereo camera 14L, 14R imaging window 15 number exposure device 16 distance information exposure device 17 index exposure device 21 base frame 22 cover frame 31 framing mask 41 parallax correction amount verification device 42L, 42R projection lens 43L, 43R focusing plate 44L, 44R eyepiece Lens 51 Film holder 54 Image sensor 55 Focusing plate holder 56L, 56R Image sensor 111 Mount processing device 120 Heat plunger 122 Die plate

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A distance between optical axes of two photographing lenses , left and right.
In a stereo camera with fixed, the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is equal to the distance between the centers of the left and right screens, and the distance between the optical axes at which the field of view of the left and right photographing lenses matches at the shortest photographing distance set almost in the middle of the, To距
Steps that occur on the left and right screens during remote shooting and close-up shooting
The non-overlapping area of the Leo photo is displayed on both the inside and outside of the screen.
To reduce screen loss by almost half
Stereo camera, characterized in that it was. 2. The distance between the optical axes of two photographing lenses , left and right.
Is fixed, the distance between the optical axes of the left and right photographing lenses is set to be 1.2 times larger than the distance between the centers of the left and right screens.
mm between the shortest distance and the distance between the optical axes at which the field ranges of the left and right photographing lenses coincide at the shortest photographing distance.
Note that the distance between the centers of the left and right screens is 1.2 mm shorter than the center distance.
And the shortest shooting distance
There was set within a range that does not include the distance between the matching optical axis, the far
The screen that appears on the left and right screens during distance shooting and short distance shooting
The non-overlapping areas of the teleo photos are located inside and outside of the screen, respectively.
A stereo camera characterized by reducing the screen loss by allocating to both sides . 3. An adjacent film in the stereo camera.
Index exposure device to record vertical line index between screens
The stereo camera according to claim 1 . 4. An adjacent film in the stereo camera.
Film perforation is located in the middle of the screen
The film feed mechanism so that the index line
4. The recording at a position intersecting with the perforation.
The stereo camera as described . 5. A film screen in the stereo camera.
Frame number and left / right screen identification above or below
Claim 1, wherein a number exposure device for exposing characters is provided.
The stereo camera according to 2, 3 or 4 .