JP3243819B2 - Hot air temperature correction method for grain dryer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for correcting hot air temperature of a grain dryer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, hot air of a temperature set according to the amount of grain embedded or the like is generated from a hot air device, and the grains which are drawn out of a drying chamber and exposed to the hot air are dried by drying. The moisture of a part of the circulating grains is detected by a moisture sensor, and when the detected grain moisture reaches the set finish target moisture, the drying of the grains is stopped as the drying of the grains is completed.

[0003] During the drying, the hot air temperature set in advance based on the amount of grain and the like and the hot air generated and detected by the hot air device are compared, and if they are different, the temperature becomes the same as the set hot air temperature. The hot air device is controlled as described above and dried.

[0004]

In the conventional hot air temperature control, during a drying operation, a preset hot air temperature is compared with a hot air temperature detected and generated from a hot air device, and it is determined that there is a difference. This is a method in which the hot air device is controlled so as to have the same temperature as the hot air temperature.

[0005] In the conventional method, since the hot air temperature is simply set in advance by the amount of the stuffed grain, etc., the moisture difference, the variation of the moisture, and the average dryness of the grain calculated from the moisture difference per a predetermined time period. The mutual influence of speed is not taken into account,
There was a drawback that the finished moisture was not stable.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and has a hot air device for blowing hot air to a drying chamber, a moisture sensor for detecting moisture in circulating grains, and a variation in the moisture. In a grain dryer having a moisture variation calculating means for calculating the hot air temperature detecting means for detecting the hot air temperature, a setting means for setting the finish target moisture, and a drying speed calculating means for calculating the average drying speed of the grains, Moisture difference between the moisture of the grain detected by the moisture sensor and the finish target moisture set by the setting means, the variation of the moisture calculated by the moisture variation calculating means, and the average drying speed and hot air of the grain calculated by the drying speed calculating means A storage means for storing in advance a fuzzy rule indicating a relationship with the temperature correction amount is provided, and the detected moisture difference, moisture variation, and average drying speed of the grain are stored. Based on the fuzzy rules stored in the storage means, fuzzy inference for the correction amount of the hot air temperature is performed, the hot air temperature is set by the correction amount determined by the fuzzy inference, and the hot air temperature is set by the set hot air temperature. The hot air device is controlled.

[0007]

According to the present invention, the temperature of the hot air generated from the hot air device is determined by the difference between the grain moisture detected by the moisture sensor and the finish target moisture, the variation of the grain moisture detected at that time, and It is corrected based on the fuzzy rule that inputs the average drying speed of the grain detected in
There is an advantage that the hot air temperature most suitable for the grain at that time can be automatically set, whereby the finished moisture is stabilized, and the variation in the moisture detected in the grain is reduced, thereby increasing the accuracy.

[0008]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The figure shows a circulation type grain dryer 1 for drying grains.
1 shows a state in which a moisture sensor 2 for detecting moisture in grains and a hot blast device 3 equipped with a burner 4 for generating hot air are mounted.

The drying machine 1 is provided with a transfer trough 6 and a ceiling plate 7 having a rectangular shape which is long in the front-rear direction and in which a transfer spiral is rotatably provided above the machine wall 5, and a grain below the ceiling plate 7. A grain storage chamber 8 for storing grains is formed. Grain drying room 9,
9 is an exhaust chamber 1 on both the left and right sides below the storage chamber 8.
0, 10 and a central blowing chamber 11, and at the lower part of the drying chambers 9, 9 are respectively rotatably supported feed valves 12 for feeding and flowing down grains. A hot air temperature sensor 11 ′ for detecting hot air temperature is provided in the blower chamber 11.

The grain collecting gutter 13 rotatably supports a transfer spiral, and is provided below each of the drying chambers 9 and 9 so as to communicate with each other. The burner 4 of the hot air device 3 is provided inside a burner case 14, and the burner case 14 is provided on the outer surface of the machine wall 5 on the front side of the machine wall 5 so as to correspond to the inlet side of the blower chamber 11. The operating device 15 which is detachably provided and which starts and stops the burner 4, the moisture sensor 2 and the dryer 1 for each of the work of inserting, drying and discharging is detachably attached to the machine wall 5 on the front side. Provided.

An exhaust fan 16 is provided on the rear wall 5 on the rear side of the rear wall 5 at the center rear side of the exhaust path chamber 17 provided to communicate with the left and right exhaust chambers 10 on the rear wall 5. A fan motor 1 for rotating and driving the fan 16 is provided on the side wall 5.
9 are provided. Reference numeral 20 denotes a valve motor for rotating the delivery valves 12, 12 via a speed reduction mechanism.

The fuel pump 21 has a fuel valve,
The fuel pump 21 sucks the fuel in the fuel tank 22 and supplies the fuel to the burner 4 by opening and closing the fuel valve. The blower 23 is provided on the outer side of the upper plate, and the blower motor 2 for shifting is provided.
4, the combustion air corresponding to the supplied fuel amount is blown to the burner 4 by the blower 23.

The diffusion board 25 is provided at the center in the front-rear direction of the bottom plate of the transfer gutter 6 and below the supply port for supplying the transfer kernels to the storage chamber 8, so that the kernels are evenly diffused into the storage chamber 8. Is being reduced. The grain raising machine 26 is provided outside the front side of the machine wall 5 and has a belt with a bucket conveyor 27 stretched inside. The upper end is provided with a discharge cylinder 28 between the transfer gutter 6 and the start end. The lower end portion is provided with a supply gutter 29 between the end portion of the grain collecting gutter 13 and communicates therewith.

Numeral 30 is a grain raising motor, which rotationally drives the belt with the bucket conveyor 27, the transfer spiral in the transfer gutter 6, the moving spiral in the diffusion plate 25 and the grain collecting gutter 13, and the like. . The moisture sensor 2 includes the grain raising machine 2
6 is provided substantially at the center in the vertical direction, and the moisture sensor 2
By transmitting the electrical measurement signal from the operating device 15,
The moisture motor 31 rotates to rotate the respective parts of the moisture sensor 2, and receives the grains falling during the transport to the upper part by the bucket conveyor 27, and the feeding rolls 32 detect the feeding drops 33, 33 one by one. In the meantime, for example, while nipping and crushing 32 grains, the average value of the 32 crushed grains is calculated as one average grain moisture. This detection is repeated three times, and the average of the three grains is calculated. The grain moisture is calculated, and the average value of the three calculations is displayed as the detected grain moisture.

The operating device 15 has a box shape, and the dryer 1, the moisture sensor 2, the burner 4 and the like are mounted on the surface plate of the box body, and the starting operation is performed for each operation of drying and discharging. Start switch 34, stop switch 3 for stopping operation
5. Moisture setting knob 36 for setting the finishing target moisture of the grain according to the operation position, grain type setting knob 37 for setting the hot air temperature generated from the burner 4 according to the operation position, and inset amount setting knob 38. A display unit 39 for digitally displaying display items, a monitor display, and the like are provided.

The control device 40 is provided in the operation device 15 and includes the moisture sensor 2 and the hot air temperature sensor 11 '.
, An operation of each of the switches 34 and 35, an operation of each of the setting knobs 36, 37 and 38, and the like are input. And a fuzzy controller for performing fuzzy inference. The CPU 41 controls the motors 19 and
20, 24, 30, 31, the fuel valve, the fuel pump 21 and the like are started, stopped, controlled, and the like. Each of the setting knobs 36, 37, and 38 is a rotary switch type, and predetermined numerical values, types, and the like are set according to operation positions.

The correction of the hot air temperature by the controller 40 is performed as follows. That is, the voltage value of each grain is detected between the detection rolls 33, 33 of the moisture sensor 2 at one time, for example, at the time of pressing and grinding of 32 grains.
It is input to 41 and replaced with the grain moisture value. From this input, the average value of the grain moisture of 32 grains is calculated. This detection is repeated three times, and the three average grain moisture values are calculated. ,
These three average grain moisture values are displayed on the display unit 39 as one detected grain moisture value.

The set hot air temperature generated from the burner 4 of the hot air device 3 set by the operation of the grain type setting knob 37 and the inset amount setting knob 38 is corrected as follows. Set hot air temperature = f (grain type, stake amount) + hot air temperature correction amount (T) That is, the set hot air temperature is a hot air temperature f (grain type, stake amount) which is a reference set by the grain type and the stake amount Volume) to the hot air temperature correction amount (T).

Factors for stabilizing the water content of a grain during drying include a water value of the grain, a variation in the water content, and an average drying speed. For this reason, a fuzzy rule is set as follows using the three factors as variables so that the mutual influence of the three factors is added to the hot air temperature correction amount (T).

When the grain has a high moisture content, a large amount of moisture is distributed in the hull (rice hull). In order to promote drying, the moisture in the hull is removed and the moisture in brown rice is transferred to the surface. There is a need. On the other hand, in a moisture distribution state where the outer skin is dried and the brown rice surface has less moisture, even if the hot air temperature is increased, the drying is promoted only by a sharp water gradient between the brown rice surface and the central part of brown rice. is not. For this reason, the relationship between hot air temperature and moisture is such that the higher the moisture, the higher the hot air temperature, and the lower the temperature, the lower the hot air temperature, the better the drying efficiency. The value is easier to process.

Therefore, the first fuzzy rule sets the hot air temperature higher as the difference (moisture difference) between the measured moisture of the grain and the finish target moisture is larger. In addition, in the first fuzzy rule, the variation in moisture is not taken into account, and the measured moisture value of the grain averages the measured value of multiple grains. For the grains, the control is such that the hot air temperature is high and the drying efficiency is low. Therefore, in the second fuzzy rule, the hot air temperature is lowered as the variation in moisture is larger.

Further, with the fuzzy rule alone, there is a possibility that the correction of the hot air temperature may be antagonized and the hot air temperature correction may not work effectively. In the first fuzzy rule, the hot air temperature is lowered as drying proceeds. The average drying speed decreases because of the control. To compensate for this, the average drying speed is used to stabilize the hot air temperature correction. Therefore,
In the third fuzzy rule, the hot air temperature is lowered to prevent heat damage to the grains as the average drying speed up to that time is increased, and the hot air temperature is raised as the average drying speed is slower.

Next, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 show the three variables of the moisture difference of the grain, the variation of the moisture, the average drying rate, and the correction temperature used in the fuzzy inference, respectively. . The horizontal axis indicates the input / output values, and the vertical axis indicates the degree (grade) with respect to the input / output values. The fuzzy set relating to the moisture difference of the grain has five steps of 1.5%, the fuzzy set of the variation in water has five steps of 0.02%, and the fuzzy set of the average drying rate is 0.2% /
There are five stages for each hr, and the fuzzy set of the temperature correction amount of the hot air temperature is a three-stage fuzzy set of 1.3 degrees for each of the positive and negative 1.3 degrees with the reference correction amount of the hot air temperature as 0.

Then, the membership functions for the moisture difference of the grains, the variation of the moisture, the average drying speed, and the hot air temperature correction amount are applied to the fuzzy rules and set as shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, a rule (R) indicates a rule number. For example, R = 1, M = PL, B = NL, K = NL, T = PL means the following. (Water difference in grain is large) and (Water variation is small) and (Average drying speed is small)
In the case of (1), the amount of hot air temperature correction is increased.

FIG. 7 shows that the moisture difference (M) of the grain is 7%, the variation (B) of the moisture is 0.025%, and the average drying speed (K).
Is determined when the hot air temperature correction amount (T) is 0.3%. The fuzzy set that applies to the moisture difference of the grain is (PL, PS), the fuzzy set that applies to the variation in moisture is (NL, NS), and the fuzzy set that applies to the average drying rate is (NL, NS). It is. Of these fuzzy sets, the rules in which three variables act simultaneously are R = 1, 2, and 4.

In the selected rule, the minimum grade value among the grade values of the fuzzy set of each variable is adopted, and the grade value is added to the membership function (PM, PL) relating to the hot air temperature correction amount (T). Multiply by (The hatched portion in FIG. 7) Next, by superimposing the membership function on the hot air temperature correction amount (T) multiplied for each selected rule, the hot air temperature correction amount (T) affected by the three variables is superimposed. Is calculated, the position of the center of gravity of this membership function is calculated, and the hot air temperature correction amount (T) is determined based on the distance from 0 (Z0) to the position of the center of gravity (XA).

If the position of the center of gravity (XA) in the X-axis direction from the 0 (Z0) position is in the (a) direction, the set hot air temperature is corrected to the + side. The hot air temperature setting is corrected. In this way, the mutual influence of each of the grain moisture difference, the variation in moisture, and the average drying speed can be reflected on the hot air temperature, and the hot air temperature most suitable for the grain at that time can be automatically set.

For example, assuming that the reference hot air temperature is set to 45 ° C. and drying is performed, the correction amount calculated from FIG. 7 is the + side which is the distance from the 0 (Z0) position to the center of gravity position (XA). At 2.9 ° C, the set hot air temperature is corrected to 47.9 ° C at 45 ° C + 2.9 ° C, and the hot air device 3 is controlled by the corrected set hot air temperature of 47.9 ° C to dry the grains. Is done.

FIG. 7 shows an example in which the hot air temperature correction amount is determined by adopting the lowest grade among the membership functions according to the MAX-MIN method. When it is detected that the drying speed is not within the range of each fuzzy set, it is determined that there is no data. At the same time, during the drying operation, the control device 40 controls the corrected hot air temperature and the hot air temperature sensor 1.
The detected hot air temperature detected by 1 ′ is compared, and if they are different, the number of times of opening and closing the fuel valve is controlled to increase or decrease so that the temperature becomes the same as the set hot air temperature. The amount of fuel supplied to the burner 4 is controlled to increase or decrease.

The moisture sensor 2 is connected to the moisture setting knob 3
6, when the same grain moisture as the finish target moisture set is detected, it is determined that the drying of the grain has been completed.
Is automatically stopped to stop the drying of the grain.

[Brief description of the drawings]

 The figure shows an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a membership function of a grain moisture difference.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a membership function of grain moisture variation.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a membership function of a grain drying rate.

FIG. 5 is a fuzzy rule of grain moisture difference, grain moisture variation, average grain drying rate, and hot air temperature correction amount.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a membership function of a hot air temperature correction amount.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a procedure in which a hot air temperature correction amount is determined by fuzzy inference.

FIG. 8 is a partially broken whole side view of the grain dryer.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged front view in which a part of the grain dryer is partially broken.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged side sectional view of the moisture sensor.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged rear view of the moisture sensor.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Moisture sensor 3 Hot air device 8 Grain storage room 9 Grain drying room

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-61-246580 (JP, A) JP-A-62-19680 (JP, A) JP-A-62-178878 (JP, A) JP-A-3-271690 (JP) JP-A-5-231775 (JP, A) JP-A-63-217185 (JP, A) JP-A-61-49983 (JP, A) JP-A-62-252882 (JP, A) 62-175578 (JP, A) JP-A 1-113491 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F26B 21/06-21/10 F26B 25 / 22,17 / 14,25 / 00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] A hot air device for blowing hot air to a drying chamber;
Moisture sensor for detecting moisture of ringing grain, rose of the moisture
Moisture variation calculating means to calculate the temperature, detect hot air temperature
Hot air temperature detecting means to set the target moisture content
Drying speed calculation to calculate the average drying speed of tiers and grains
Detected by moisture sensor in grain dryer with means
Moisture of finished grain and finish target moisture set by setting means
And the moisture calculated by the moisture variation calculation means
And grain calculated by the drying speed calculation means
The relationship between the average drying speed and the amount of hot air temperature correction
A storage means for storing fuzzy rules in advance is provided,
Discharged water difference, water dispersion, and average drying speed of grain
Fuzzy file stored in the storage means with the degree as an input
Fuzzy inference for hot air temperature correction based on
And the correction amount determined by the fuzzy inference.
The hot air temperature is set, and the hot air temperature is set according to the set hot air temperature.
The grain dryer is characterized in that the hot air device is controlled.
Hot air temperature correction method.