JP3243644B2 - Animal protein foaming agent and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is superior to a conventional foaming agent made from collagen protein, which has a low utility value as a raw material and is made from bird feathers which may cause waste pollution. The present invention relates to a foaming agent having foaming properties, stability and odorlessness, and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of hydrolyzed proteins as foaming agents is already known. Conventionally, collagen proteins such as animal skin, tendon and bone were used as raw materials, and these were hydrolyzed with alkali to produce peptide-like foaming agents, but these raw materials are useful as edible proteins. Since the raw materials are not inexpensive and there are many raw materials that are so impure that the raw materials have to be purified, problems such as washing and drainage have arisen, and the location and economy have been greatly restricted. In addition, these proteins are relatively expensive as raw materials themselves, have a peculiar odor when the product degrades collagen proteins, and have a feeling of resistance during use. In addition, keratin protein foaming agents made from hooves and horns of cows and horses are also used.However, it is difficult to obtain peptides having a narrow molecular weight distribution due to difficulty in decomposition, and the growth rate of animals is not constant. Therefore, there is a problem that even if these raw materials are decomposed, a protein of a certain quality cannot be obtained. In particular, keratin protein belongs to a hard protein and is not easily decomposed. This tendency is remarkable.

[0003] Conventional foaming agents composed of collagen protein and keratin protein have been used for the purpose of their production.
It was supplied as a 0-50% strength aqueous solution. As a result, the stability of the product is deteriorated and the foaming power is reduced due to the progress of protein hydrolysis and decay. Furthermore, since there is a generation of offensive odor due to the hydrolysis and the like after the product is produced, it has been difficult to obtain an odorless foam.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is useful as a raw material for feathers, which are to be produced in large quantities in a bird processing plant such as an edible chicken processing plant and have a low utility value. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a protein foaming agent having a foaming power superior to conventional foaming agents.

[0005] Conventional protein foaming agents have a concentration of 40% to 50%.
% Aqueous solution, there are many storage problems due to deterioration,
While there are problems in transportation, the present invention can solve these problems by drying and pulverizing the final product into powder. In addition, since protein foaming agents require raw materials for animals, they lack long-term supply stability, and the ingredients of the raw materials differ depending on the degree of animal growth.
In addition, there is a problem that the use is restricted due to the odor. The present invention can solve these problems.

[0006]

The protein foaming agent of the present invention is obtained by decomposing keratin protein to a polypeptide having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 2,000.
It is composed of a protein hydrolyzate hydrolyzed to 00 to 2000 polypeptides.

The keratin protein has a disulfide bond (-S
-S-) makes it difficult to decompose because of the reticulated bond, and it is difficult to obtain a raw material of a constant quality. The present invention has been completed by focusing on the fact that it can be easily disassembled. In the present invention, as a keratin protein raw material, feather meal processed for feed can be used as a raw material, but it is advantageous to directly use bird feathers as a raw material in terms of price. The feathers coming out of the chicken processing plant are sufficiently washed and clean, can be used as they are, and have a water content of several to several tens% from one factory, for example, 6%.
With a water content of 0 to 70%, it has a production volume of about 1,000 tons per month, and can be used sufficiently as a raw material. In particular, the feathers coming out of the chicken processing plant are of the same breed, and the chickens to be raised are of the same breed, in order to keep the chicken at a constant quality, and it is uneconomical to produce meat unnecessarily for long periods. For this reason, after breeding for a certain period of time, the meat is processed at once, and the growth rate is the same. Therefore, the content of the keratin protein in the raw material and the constituent amino acids of the protein are the same, and the decomposition treatment and the like can be easily performed and decomposed to the same molecular weight.

As a result of further studies, the present inventor has found that the use of keratin protein as a foaming agent requires a molecular weight of 1,000 to 20.
It has been found that a good foaming effect can be obtained with the polypeptide of 00. Here, the molecular weight means the average molecular weight. The measurement of the molecular weight may be performed by a usual method, for example, by a sedimentation equilibrium method by ultracentrifugation, or simply by a viscosity measurement method. In the present invention, those having a molecular weight of 1000 or less have a low film-forming ability, and thus are not preferred in terms of foaming power and foam stability, and have a molecular weight of 2000.
The above is not preferable in that a strong stirring force is required for foaming.

[0009] As described above, in the case of the conventional protein raw material of the foaming agent, for example, when animal skin is used, since most of the animal skin has hair, the hair and the skin have different proteins. The molecular weight and protein constituent molecules of the obtained polypeptides were different, and the foaming power was uneven.
In addition, when the growth period is prolonged, the degree of network structure due to cystine bonds and disulfide bonds (-SS-) in the keratin protein becomes large, so that the degree of degradation tends to be irregular, and it is difficult to obtain a certain polypeptide.

Since the present invention uses feathers of a constant growth rate from an edible chicken processing plant, it can be easily hydrolyzed to obtain a good foaming agent having the above molecular weight distribution. Also,
Feathers contain some other proteins in addition to keratin proteins. In the present invention, these proteins are considered to contribute to the foaming power in some form. Various feathers such as chickens and ducks are considered as the raw material,
In terms of raw material supply and quality, chicken feathers are preferred from chicken egg production plants and edible chicken factories, and chicken feathers that have not been bred for less than one year or too long are preferred. The same is true for ducks.

In the present invention, as a method for decomposing feathers as a raw material, a method conventionally used for producing keratin proteins can be used. However, in the case of the production method of the present invention, the feathers can be used after washing with water or hot water without decomposing and removing other proteins in the raw material with a protease such as pepsin in advance. Specifically, an appropriate amount of alkaline agent such as caustic soda and slaked lime is used for the raw material feather, and mercaptoethanol and thioglycolic acid for cutting cystine bonds are added,
Further, it is preferable to add a reducing agent such as sodium hydrogen sulfite or sodium sulfide.

In the case of keratin protein degradation, extremely stable lanthionine produced by secondary reaction of thiol group, vinyl group, aldehyde group and the like by-produced when the cystine bond is cleaved significantly inhibits alkali decomposition. There is a theory. According to the study of the present inventor, it is found that alkali decomposition is rapidly performed when hydrazine, hydroxylamine, piperazine, methylamines are added as a complex reaction inhibitor to inactivate aldehyde groups and thiol groups. Was. The amount of the drug used for the decomposition is arbitrarily selected and used according to the amount and type of feathers according to a conventional method. Decomposition is carried out while heating at an appropriate temperature with gentle stirring for 1 to 3 hours, and the decomposition is stopped when a polypeptide having a predetermined molecular weight is produced. Decomposition is stopped by neutralization. For example, the hydrolysis may be performed at a temperature of 90 to 120 ° C. for 2 to 3 hours in a pressure cooker.

The proteolytic solution used as a foaming agent includes:
It is desirable that the protein be decomposed into a polypeptide having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to 2,000. Therefore, it was found that a good result can be obtained by using lime having a slower action than caustic soda as the alkali used for the hydrolysis. In addition, when the solution is neutralized at the end of decomposition, caustic soda causes a large amount of salt remaining in the foaming agent as salt, but when limes are used, most are insoluble by neutralizing with phosphoric acid or oxalic acid. It is easily removed because it becomes a salt. In addition, since the insoluble salt generated at this time is settled together with impurities in the decomposition solution, there is an advantage that the filtrate is clarified. After the hydrolysis treatment, the mixture is neutralized by adding an appropriate acid as described above, and separated into an undecomposed product and a decomposition solution. After separation from the undecomposed product, the decomposed solution may be neutralized. The neutralization is performed at around pH 7.

To the decomposition solution, a divalent iron salt, a preservative, and the like can be added as a foam film stabilizer conventionally used in this type of foaming agent. Conventional stabilizers, among the inorganic salts as a curing agent, there are those that are not preferred because it may rust the reinforcing bar when used for foaming concrete, but in the case of the foaming agent of the present invention In this case, a surfactant can be used as a stabilizer instead of these inorganic salts, so that this kind of problem does not occur. In particular, the use of an anionic surfactant gives preferable results.

The obtained hydrolyzate may be used as a foaming agent after adjusting it to an appropriate concentration as it is, or by removing water by a method such as drying to obtain a solid such as a plate or a film. It may be obtained and pulverized by an appropriate means to obtain a powder. For drying, any means such as heat drying, hot air drying, drying under reduced pressure, and freeze drying can be used.

In the present invention, since a molecular weight within a specific range can be obtained, it is possible to remove a malodor which is easily generated in a keratin protein in a water removing step such as a drying step, and does not occur thereafter. You can do so. The conventional foaming agent was not used as a foaming agent for foods or the like because of the malodor of cystine when used as a foaming agent during storage or as a foaming agent because of its uneven molecular weight. Has no such problems,
Can be used for various applications.

[0017]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Example 1 1 kg of chicken wings from an edible chicken factory was collected and placed in a decomposition kettle, into which 100 g of slaked lime and sodium bisulfite were added.
10 g, 10 g of hydrazine and 10 L of water are added and boiled for 1 to 2 hours to decompose. After the decomposition, the solution is filtered to separate the filtrate and the residue, and then neutralized to pH 7.0 to 7.5 with phosphoric acid. The neutralized solution is filtered to remove the precipitated calcium phosphate to obtain a clear stock solution. Concentrate this stock solution to a concentration of 40-50%, specific gravity 1.17
Then, 10 g of aluminum sulfate is added to 1 L of the concentrated solution, and the mixture is thoroughly stirred to obtain 1 L of a foaming agent stock solution.

Example 2 1 kg of feather meal was collected and put into a decomposition vessel, into which 100 g of slaked lime, 10 g of sodium sulfide, 10 g of methylamine and 10 g of water were added.
Add L and boil for 1-2 hours. After the decomposition, the filtrate and the residue are separated by filtration and neutralized with oxalic acid to pH 7.0 to 7.5. The precipitated calcium oxalate is filtered off to obtain a clear stock solution. This stock solution is concentrated to a concentration of 40% to 50% and a specific gravity of 1.17 to 1.
After finishing to 18 liquids, 5 g of chromium sulphate was added to 1 L of the concentrated undiluted solution, and the mixture was stirred well. Then, the mixture was thinly applied to a stainless steel conveyor, and dried air was continuously fed by sending dry air to the mixture. And pulverize to finish into powder.

[0019]

Compared with the conventional foaming agent based on collagen protein and the foaming agent based on the bird feather keratin protein according to the present invention, the foamed keratin protein of the present invention is as follows. It can be seen that the agent is superior. 1. Conventional keratin proteolytic foaming agents have a peculiar odor due to mercaptan derived from cystine and have a strong sense of work resistance. The raw material feathers have a low growth rate,
This malodor is not felt at all because the cystine amount is small or the decomposition degree is almost constant. 2. Conventionally, hooves and horns of cows and horses, which are used as raw materials for keratin protein foaming agents, require boiling for 5 to 6 hours to decompose.
Two hours is enough, which is very advantageous in terms of workability and fuel cost. In the case of cows and horses, hooves and horns cannot be used as raw materials as they are and must be crushed in advance, which requires cost and labor. However, in the case of feathers, there is no such problem at all. 3. Compared with the conventional keratin proteolytic foaming agent made from horse and horse hooves and the foaming agent according to the present invention, the foaming properties and foam stability were compared by a simple test method. Was. The results are shown below.

Test Method 0.6 cc of the foaming agent stock solution was diluted to 20 cc with water, placed in a 200 cc graduated cylinder, covered and vigorously shaken up and down ten or more times to foam, and the height of the generated foam was measured using a graduated cylinder. It was represented by the number of scales (cm ³ ). The measurement was performed immediately after lathering, 1 hour and 10 hours later. An undiluted solution was prepared according to Example 1 except that the foaming agent of the present invention used was the one described in Example 1 above, and the conventional one was hydrolyzed for 5 hours using caustic soda as a raw material for cow hooves. Was used.

[Table 1]

As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the foaming agent of the present invention maintains the foaming state for a long time. Further, since the foaming property is good, a foamed state can be obtained by simple stirring. Therefore, it can be used for the production of conventional foamed concrete, foam fire extinguishers, and the like, as well as for various foaming applications. Since the foaming agent of the present invention may be stored and supplied in powder form and liquefied at the time of use, storage costs and transportation costs are not required, and unlike conventional aqueous solutions, it is necessary to add a stabilizer such as a preservative. Since there is no foaming agent, the foaming agent has many advantages such as being usable without impairing the original foaming power. The foaming agent of the present invention in the form of powder can be stored for a long time by putting a deoxidizer in a plastic bag or a metal can and sealing it. The foaming power was not different from the foaming power.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B01F 17/00-17/56

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An animal protein foaming agent comprising a polypeptide having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 2,000 obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of feathers. 2. The protein foaming agent according to claim 1, wherein the polypeptide having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 2,000 obtained by subjecting feathers to alkaline hydrolysis is dried to a powder. 3. A keratin protein, in which feathers are used as a raw material, and a reducing agent and a complex reaction inhibitor are used in combination with alkalis.
A method for producing a protein foaming agent, comprising hydrolyzing to a polypeptide having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 2,000. 4. The method for producing a protein foaming agent according to claim 3, wherein the polypeptide of the decomposed liquid obtained by the hydrolysis is dried, pulverized, and finished into a powder.