JP3239903U - Compost manufacturing facility - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problems] In a facility for composting organic resources such as livestock excrement and food residue, the number of times of stirring can be increased for composting as good quality fertilizer for agricultural products with less foul odors and fewer flies. To provide an inexpensive composting facility capable of producing as much as possible. SOLUTION: As a facility for composting livestock excrement, food residues, etc., the compost 7 is deposited on the soil surface 1 without using an artificial impermeable floor surface such as concrete, and the compost is made of steel pipes. The compost should not come into contact with the artificial impermeable walls such as resin boards, wooden boards, etc. When a wall surface was required for a special reason, a water-permeable wall surface that did not come into contact with the compost on a flat surface was installed using a wire mesh 8 or the like. [Selection drawing] Fig. 1

Description

This school's proposal is about a manufacturing facility for composting organic resources such as livestock manure and food residue.

In order to reuse industrial waste such as livestock excreta and food residue as compost and soil conditioner, it is fermented and agitated to reduce odor and water content, making it suitable for use in farmlands, parks, and general households. It is being made into a shape that is easy to handle.

In particular, the amount of livestock manure discharged is enormous, and it is inevitable in the management of the livestock industry that more manure than the feed supplied is discharged every day. , using large heavy machinery to compost the accumulated manure.

The facility is almost certainly made with a concrete floor, and the compost barn where manure is deposited is also made of concrete. This is essential in order to cleanly collect excrement that has fallen on the floor with heavy machinery, and in recent years, it seems that there are very few places where other methods are used.

On the floor surface covered with concrete, excreted manure is composted by turning it over several times, and it is sold or transferred to nearby farmers, gardening shops, etc. by packing it in bags or loading it on a dump. . In order to compost a large amount of excreta, it is necessary to deposit it high in a limited area, and most of the walls are made of concrete.

On the concrete surface, the moisture content of 100% remains on the concrete surface due to the downward movement of the water content of the excreta deposits, and flies and other insects are always found crawling on the concrete surface, causing foul odor and complaints from neighbors. Elimination of foul odors and generation of flies during compost production and construction of production facilities at low cost are indispensable for effective use of livestock manure and food residue as good quality fertilizer.

As a management standard stipulated in the Livestock Manure Law,
(1) Standards for the structure and equipment of management facilities A. Management facilities for solid livestock manure shall be constructed with impermeable materials (concrete and other materials that do not allow sewage to permeate) on the floors, and shall be provided with appropriate covers and side walls. .
Literature New Livestock Environmental Conservation Guidance Manual published by Chuo Livestock Industry Association 18p
The above control standard requires concrete to be laid, and this concrete construction generates bad odors and flies, and makes the composting facility expensive, making it impossible to increase the number of times of agitation. It hinders the production of compost, which can be said to be a good fertilizer.

In facilities for composting organic resources such as livestock excrement and food residues, the occurrence of offensive odors and flies causes troubles with nearby residents and adversely affects the quality of compost products.

Conventionally, facilities for composting organic resources such as livestock manure and food residue have been made with impermeable floors and walls such as artificial concrete. The cause of the foul odor and flies is the generation of gas due to decomposition of anaerobic microorganisms on the concrete surface where the moisture content is 100% where the gas phase cannot actually exist. This is because of the environment in which eggs can be laid and hatched.

Manure sediments, which can be expressed in the same three-phase structure (solid, liquid, and gas phases) as soil, need to secure the gas phase in order to perform aerobic fermentation appropriately. Mixing (mainly cattle barns, pigsties, broilers) and mixing low-moisture return compost (laying hens) promotes aerobic fermentation. It is said that the number of aerobic microorganisms generally doubles in 20 minutes after agitation. It will decrease in about 10 days, and if there is no ventilation, it will become anoxic and the activity of aerobic microorganisms will cease.

For fermentation by aerobic microorganisms, which is essential for composting, the presence of a gas phase in the three-phase structure of the compost itself and the maintenance of the oxygen partial pressure in the gas phase are important. , the contraction of the gas phase due to the pressure of the deposition is a problem, but the biggest problem is the presence of sludge-like parts with a water content of 100% that occur on impermeable floors and walls such as concrete. It is in.

Specific offensive substances such as ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and trimethylamine (C3H9N) are generated from parts such as sludge generated from livestock farms, but these are hydrogen compounds, and oxygen is present in their molecular structures. Not included. This is chemical evidence that bad odors are generated in an anaerobic state. During the hydrolysis of easily degradable organic substances such as lipids and proteins by microorganisms, anaerobic (anoxic) and aerobic (aerobic) conditions coexist. Depending on the partial pressure of oxygen, depending on the actual uneven distribution, whether odors (hydrogen compounds) or non-malodorous gases (oxygen compounds, CO2) are generated, the atmosphere around the deposits, odors and flies Occurrence depends.

In addition, there are many flies in the vicinity of excretion of excrement, and the spread of washing with water has drastically reduced the occurrence of flies in the city. The scavenging-type toilets that were the mainstream in the past have become quite rare, but maggots were wriggling on the surface of the liquid manure at the top of the excrement tank of the scavenging toilet.

When composting livestock excreta and food residue, the idea of this invention is to create an environment that does not allow even a small amount of manure accumulation with a moisture content of 100%, which is the root cause of the occurrence of odors and flies. It will be an issue.

Nowadays, as a common sense, in order to construct, maintain and manage a compost manufacturing facility, a clean environment with concrete is laid, and the floor is as clean as the floor, and it is not damaged by heavy machinery such as tire shovels. Concrete walls are installed as shown in the figure, and timber and resin boards are used for high parts where the excavator bucket does not come into direct contact.

The advantage of impermeable man-made materials such as concrete is that they are impervious to water and always seem clean. However, from the above considerations and facts, it can be concluded that due to the fact that there is a 100% water content gas phase-free portion formed on the concrete surface, filthy odors and flies are generated from the contact portion with the clean concrete. is occurring.

The means to solve the problem is to do it on the soil and to minimize the impermeable part of the wall that the compost comes into contact with as much as possible.

A typical soil surface will always seep through moisture, and whether the surface is oversprayed with excess moisture or a composting sediment, the downward movement of moisture will always occur quietly. . In addition, a wide variety of indigenous bacteria actually exist in the soil, and the organic matter derived from the lipids and proteins contained in the excess water that falls and permeates from the sediment causes the microorganisms to quickly ferment. This is possible because the three-phase structure formed by the soil is firmly maintained. Play phase.

Work done on the soil surface is sometimes called open air or open stacking, but exposing livestock manure compost and food residue compost to rainfall is extremely unclean, even more so than spilling fertilizer components. Should not cause groundwater pollution, river pollution. In fact, rainfall increases the likelihood of 100% moisture content forming in the lower layers around the deposit. In addition, open stacking, which was possible in the past, is now prohibited.

A roof is necessary to protect the compost deposited on the soil surface from the rain and to improve workability.

Supports are made of strong artificial building materials such as steel pipes, steel frames, concrete, etc., depending on the material, shape, and size of the roof.

Also, just like the road surface, even if the wall is made of concrete, wood, or resin panel, there will always be a part with a moisture content of 100% in the lower layer or the contact surface, so do not install it. Hmm. If it is absolutely necessary, keep the sediment away from the wall so that the compost does not come into contact with the wall, or install a stainless steel wire mesh or resin windbreak net to prevent impermeability. .

In the past, compostable sediment was deposited on the concrete floor, and in the lower layer of the sediment area, there was a 3-5 cm thick sludge-like portion with a water content of 100%. However, when the water content is 100% on the soil surface, the water content is 0, and the effect is infinite at 100/0.

In addition, the appropriate size of the pillars is smaller than the area of the wall surface, and even in the case of temporary warehouses using single pipes (48.6mm), warehouses with a frontage of about 5m at intervals of 2m can be seen. but its area is
Wall area 2m x 1m = 2 square meters Single pipe area 0.0486 x 3.14 x 1m = 0.156 square meters In the case of a semicircle 0156/2 = 0.076 square meters From the above formula, the surface area of the single pipe on the wall is 2/0.076 = 26.3 There is twice the surface area, which means that the area where the wall with 100% moisture content is formed is 1/26 if only the support is used. This means that the cause of odors and flies is reduced to 1/26.

Also, when compost is deposited to a height of 1 m on the above 2 cubic meter wall surface using a concrete floor, the surface area of 2 semicircular pipes for 10 square meters of concrete floor and 2 square meters of wall surface When calculating with 0.15 square meters,
Concrete floor and wall area / single pipe area = 12 / 0.15 = 80
It is multiplied by 80 times from the above, but it is assumed that there is actually a 3 to 5 cm thick sludge part, and since there is almost no sludge in the single pipe pipe, it is assumed to be 0.7 cm thick.
Sludge on concrete floor and walls 12 square meters × 30 mm = 360 liters Sludge on surface of single pipe 0.15 square meters × 7 mm = 1 liter means that the cause of odors and flies is 1/360.

In order to actually realize this idea, it is necessary to stir and move the deposited compost appropriately in about 5 to 10 days, and it is necessary not to make the entire deposited compost an anaerobic environment in which oxygen is consumed. If this is achieved for aerobic fermentation, in the devised facility, even if there is 36ppm of foul-smelling ammonia, it will be 0.1ppm, and 0.72ppm of hydrogen sulfide will be 2ppb, which is 36 times the environmental standard. can be reduced to 1/10 or less, and 360 flies can be reduced to 1 fly.

As an effect of this invention, in the conventional compost production facilities where bad odors and flies are generated, the cause is that there are actually 100% moisture content parts generated by impermeable floors and walls such as concrete. I hope you understand. By using a facility that does not have a wall on the soil floor and the surface that comes in contact with the compost, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of bad odors and flies.

As a result, it is possible to realize a low-cost compost manufacturing facility that can be stirred many times in order to manufacture high-quality compost for agricultural products from organic resources such as livestock manure and food residue without expensive capital investment. It's going to happen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram of the facility outline of the pipe house of this invention, and the deposited compost on the soil surface of compost.

An embodiment will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawing is a drawing of the house pipe used in the implementation, represented using an isometric drawing. The grid line of 1 represents the soil surface and is the ground surface.

From the soil surface, as shown in 2a, a support of a single pipe pipe is buried in the ground. The 2b single pipe beams are connected with scaffolding clamps to serve as the foundation of the building. The appropriate spacing between the columns is wider than the bucket of the tire shovel, and it is best to set the height of the beam so that the bucket does not interfere with it.

The house pipe of 3 is connected to the beam of the single pipe pipe with metal fittings or screws, etc., and it becomes a frame of the rainproof vinyl. 4 is a vinyl laid thereon, and transparent or light-shielding vinyl is used.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a rain gutter installed in a valley portion when the house frontage is connected and installed, and is for draining rainwater to the necessary low ground. 6 is an imitation of accumulated compost, which is moved into a house and left still, and 7 is a schematic diagram of compost that has not been completely moved.

8 is a wire mesh or windbreak net provided on the boundary with the outside of the house, and it is not strong, so it is easy to damage such as deformation. Instead, it is a material that provides breathability and water permeability, and is used when some height is required. By actually using a linear thick stainless steel wire mesh, it can be used as a substitute for walls up to a certain height.

The composts of 6 and 7 shown in the figure are deposited so as not to overlap for easy understanding, but if production of more than this volume is required, they should be placed under the beam of the single pipe so that they come into contact with each other. It is also possible to deposit to a height. When moving compost and collecting it with a tire shovel, compost always gathers on the support of the single pipe pipe, but when 6 and 7 are overlapped, the single pipe 2a is buried in the compost. .

This drawing is a schematic diagram of the method that we have actually used for more than 20 years, but it is inevitable that the part that comes into contact with the buried pipe must have a strictly impermeable water content of 100%. In the wall installation results that we have done in the past, the area of the NF board (width 1.8m, height 0.6m) and the area of the single tube pipe (diameter 48.6mm) strut (1.8m interval),
Area of NF board 1.8m x 0.6m = 1.08m2 Area of single pipe semicircle 0.0486 x 3.14 x 0.6m/2 = 0.046m2 1.08/0.046 = 23.4
From the above, the surface area of the single pipe is 1/23.4 from the wall surface of the NF board.

On the flat surface of the NF board, there is no way for moisture to escape, and sludge with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm has actually been confirmed. could not actually be verified. When the sludge thickness of the NF board is 30 mm and the sludge part of the single pipe is 7 mm,
Sludge volume of NF board 1.08 × 30mm = 32 liters Sludge volume of single pipe 0.046 × 7mm = 0.3 liters
From the above, 32/0.3 = 108 times, and the actual cause of odors and flies in the facility is assumed to be 1/108.

The above method of using NF boards on the walls of the house pipes with a height of only 60 cm was actually used at our compost center for more than 10 years. During times of high humidity and heavy rain, 100% sludge in the compost area of the NF board actually exists in spite of the fact that the floor surface is soil. , there were also complaints from neighbors.

About two years ago, when I came up with the idea of this invention, I removed the NF boards that were used as the wall surface one by one, and since it was accepted that the buried pipes were allowed to corrode, the bad smell and the number of flies decreased sharply. This fact shows that even in our company's compost center, which is the soil surface in writing this invention, if there is no part with 100% moisture content on the wall, the occurrence of bad odors and flies will occur even with the above calculation. I was able to prove it because it was about 1/100.

The above is the suppression value when the road surface is a soil surface, and when this facility is made with a concrete road surface. Assuming the actual size of the house in the figure (frontage 5.4m), if the area of the concrete road surface and both sides of the wall are piled up to a height of 60cm,
Concrete floor + 2 walls = (5.4 x 1.8) + (1.08 x 2) = 11.88 square meters Area of 2 single pipe semicircles 0.0486 x 3.14 x 0.6 = 0.09 square meters From the above, 11.88/0.09 = 132, 1 You can understand that it will have a surface area of /132.

Assuming that the thickness of the concrete sludge is 3 cm and the thickness of the sludge of the single pipe is 0.7 cm, although it cannot be confirmed in practice,
Volume of sludge on concrete floor and walls 11.88 square meters × 30 mm = 356.4 liters Sludge area on single pipe surface 0.09 square meters × 7 mm = 0.63 liters From the above, 356/0.63 = 565, which can be understood as 1/565 of the sludge volume. increase. This is assumed to be 1/565 of the cause of odors and flies, and 56 ppm of specific malodorous substance ammonia is 0.1 ppm, and 11 ppm of hydrogen sulfide is 2 ppb. 10 means that 565 flies become 1.

Our company has been manufacturing and selling livestock manure compost for more than 25 years, but from the beginning, there were constant complaints from neighboring residents, and in the early districts, the complaints were dealt with by the city council. , Even after developing in Hokota City, Ibaraki Prefecture, there were occasional complaints from neighboring residents at first, but from the fall of 2nd year of Reiwa, the walls made of the above NF boards were removed, and puddles and water content of 100% were removed. When it was decided not to create a % part or to quickly mix the compost on top of the piled compost, the number of flies drastically decreased and no complaints were received.

Our company, which does not engage in livestock farming but produces compost on its own, aims to expand its business by increasing production as the evaluation of customers who purchase compost increases. was Through the implementation of this invention, the facility has been improved and the production volume has been increased by 1.5 times the conventional production volume, but so far there have been no flies or complaints.

The global situation, which has been flattening since 2022, is showing uneven distribution in the distribution of fertilizers, which are mineral resources, and the fertilizer prices and purchase quantities are beginning to leave concerns about the future. In order to effectively and cleanly handle fertilizer components in livestock excrement, it is necessary to mass-produce high-quality compost that can replace chemical fertilizers at an inexpensive compost production facility. It will help you achieve your strategic goals.

1 Soil surface 2a Single pipe pipe Post 2b Single pipe pipe Beam 3 House pipe (arch pipe)
4 vinyl coating 5 rain pet (rain gutter)
6 Sedimentary compost (stationary)
7 Sedimentary compost (during sedimentation movement)
8 wire mesh, windbreak net

Claims (3)

As a facility for composting livestock excreta and food residue, it is deposited on the soil surface without using an artificial impermeable floor such as concrete under the accumulated compost, so there are few odors and flies Compost manufacturing facility The compost manufacturing facility according to claim 1, which has a roof and walls installed with steel pipes, steel frames, concrete, wood, etc., to protect against wind and rain, and has less odors and less flies. In the compost manufacturing facility of claim 2, the compost is deposited so that it does not come into contact with artificial impermeable walls such as concrete, resin boards, and wooden boards, and when walls are necessary for special reasons, wire mesh etc. are used. A compost manufacturing facility with low foul odor and less fly generation, with water-permeable walls that do not come in contact with the compost on a flat surface.

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