JP3230547B2 - Seawater desalination equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a seawater desalination facility using seabed hot water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, seawater desalination facilities capable of distilling seawater to make it desalinated have been used in drought areas and isolated islands such as the Middle East.

[0003] Generally, the seawater desalination equipment is configured to generate steam by increasing the temperature of seawater by a heating device, and to condense the steam using seawater before heating to obtain freshwater. However, in some areas, seawater in contact with magma is erupting as hot water from relatively large cracks formed on the seabed, and in such areas, the pressure of the seabed hot water is used. By introducing hot water from the sea floor to the sea without using a pump, etc., and conducting distillation directly without using a heating device using the heat held by the hot water, equipment and operating costs can be reduced. Reduction is being considered.

[0004]

However, the place where the ejection of submarine hot water is confirmed is usually a place away from the coast, and the pressure and heat possessed by the submarine hot water are effectively used. When seawater desalination equipment is placed in a floating position directly above a crack in the seabed, it is difficult to supply operating energy such as electric power and fuel from the land side.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and can supply operating energy independently from the land side without requiring supply of operating energy such as electric power and fuel from the land side. It aims to provide seawater desalination equipment.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a seawater desalination facility for conducting high-pressure hot water spouting from a crack formed on the seabed and distilling the seawater over the sea, which is installed on the seabed to surround the crack. A hot water collector, a steam generator installed on a barge floating above the sea surface and decompressing and evaporating hot water guided from the hot water collector via heat insulating piping, and a steam generator installed on the barge A generator for generating power by rotating hot water turbine by guiding hot water from the lower part of the steam generator, and a plurality of evaporating chambers for hot water installed on the barge and passing through the generator sequentially. A distillation apparatus for evaporating by stepwise reducing pressure and condensing steam from each of the evaporation chambers by heat exchange with seawater in a plurality of condensation chambers corresponding to each of the evaporation chambers to obtain fresh water; and the steam generator. To the steam led from the top of A drain pump that discharges residual water and cooling seawater from the distillation apparatus to the outside of the boat with the power of the first steam turbine that is driven by the first steam turbine, and a second pump that is driven by steam guided from above the steam generator. And a transport pump for transporting the fresh water from the distillation apparatus out of the boat using the power of the steam turbine.

[0007]

Therefore, in the present invention, high-pressure hot water spouting from a crack in the seabed is collected by the hot water collector, and is introduced from the hot water collector to the steam generator on the barge via the heat insulating pipe. When the pressure is reduced in the steam generator, evaporation is promoted to generate a large amount of steam, and the steam is supplied to the first steam turbine and the second steam turbine, and remains in the steam generator. The generated hot water is supplied to the turbine of the generator.

When the water turbine is rotated by the hot water from the steam generator, power is generated by a generator, and the power obtained by the power generation is used as lighting on a barge, a power supply for instrumentation, and the like.

Further, the hot water which has passed through the water turbine of the generator is decompressed in a stepwise manner while being sequentially passed through a plurality of evaporation chambers of the distillation apparatus, and is urged to evaporate. It is condensed into fresh water by being guided to the room and exchanging heat with seawater.

[0010] Residual water and cooling seawater discharged from the distillation apparatus are discharged out of the boat by a drain pump utilizing the power of a first steam turbine driven by steam guided from above the steam generator. The fresh water discharged from the distillation device is transported to the land side by a transport pump using the power of a second steam turbine driven by steam guided from the upper portion of the steam generator.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of the seawater desalination facility according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes high-pressure hot water spouting from a crack 3 formed in the seabed 2. Is a seawater that has infiltrated the seabed 2 and is heated by contact with the magma 4.

The crack 3 is surrounded by a hot water collector 5 installed on the sea floor 2, and a barge 7 is arranged on the sea surface 6 above the hot water collector 5 in a floating manner. Barge 7
The steam generator 8 installed above and the hot water collector 5 are connected via a heat insulating pipe 9.

In the steam generator 8, a large amount of steam 1 'can be generated by reducing the pressure of the hot water 1 guided from the hot water collector 5 through the heat insulating pipe 9 to promote evaporation. The generated steam 1 ′ is connected to an ejector 11, a first steam turbine 12, and a second steam turbine 1, which will be described later, via a steam pipe 10 connected to the top of the steam generator 8.
3 and the hot water 1 remaining inside the steam generator 8 is installed on the barge 7 via a heat insulating pipe 14 connected to the lower side of the steam generator 8. The water is supplied to a water wheel 16 of a generator 15.

Here, the steam generator 8 of the heat insulating pipe 9
A control valve 17 is provided on the inlet side, and a pressure sensor 18 is provided on the top of the steam generator 8. The pressure sensor 18 is provided in accordance with a pressure signal 19 output from the pressure sensor 18. The opening of the valve 17 is adjusted so that the pressure value inside the steam generator 8 is maintained within a predetermined range.

A control valve 20 is provided on the heat-insulating pipe 14 on the side of the generator 15, and a water level sensor 21 is provided on a side of the steam generator 8. The opening of the control valve 20 is adjusted according to the water level signal 22 output from the sensor 21 so that the water level inside the steam generator 8 is maintained within a predetermined range.

Further, on the barge 7, an evaporation chamber 24 for evaporating the hot water 1 guided from the water wheel 16 of the generator 15 through the heat insulating pipe 23 by reducing the pressure, and a steam flow from the evaporation chamber 24 A distillation chamber 29 having a condensing chamber 28 for condensing the steam 1 ′ led through the passage 25 (see FIG. 2) by heat exchange with seawater 27 led through the cooling pipe 26.
Are arranged in a horizontal direction.

As shown, the condensing chamber 2 of the distillation apparatus 30
If the cooling seawater 27 is designed to be located at a position lower than the sea surface 6, the cooling seawater 27 is supplied from outside the barge 7 to the cooling pipe 2 of the condensation chamber 28.
6, it is preferable to employ such an arrangement in order to reduce equipment costs and operation costs.

Further, the bottoms of the evaporation chambers 24 of the adjacent distillation chambers 29 of the distillation apparatus 30 are connected to the communication holes 31.
At the outlet side of each of the communication holes 31, which projects into the downstream evaporation chamber 24 to form the spray holes 32 at the upper surface.
A sprayer 33 capable of spraying hot water 1 from is provided.
Condensing chambers 28 of adjacent distillation chambers 29 of the distillation apparatus 30 are also connected to each other at the bottoms through communication holes 34.

Here, the communication holes 31 communicating the bottoms of the evaporation chambers 24 are made to be lower than the water level of the hot water 1 sprayed and stored in each evaporation chamber 24 by the atomizer 33, and The communication holes 34 that communicate the bottoms of the chambers 28 are also lower than the level of the fresh water 1a that is condensed and stored in each of the condensation chambers 28.
, A pressure difference that decreases from the upstream side to the downstream side is maintained.

However, the upper portions of the evaporating chambers 24 are communicated with each other through small orifices (not shown) that can maintain the pressure difference between the respective distillation chambers 29. As a result, an inert gas such as carbon dioxide gas or oxygen generated through the orifice passes through the orifice and is sequentially led to the downstream evaporation chamber 24 having a lower pressure.

The upper part of the evaporating chamber 24 at the most downstream side of the distillation apparatus 30 is connected to the ejector 11 via a suction pipe 35, and from the upper part of the steam generator 8 via the steam pipe 10. By injecting the introduced steam 1 ′ from the ejector 11, an inert gas such as carbon dioxide or oxygen can be sucked and exhausted from the upper part of the evaporation chamber 24 on the most downstream side.

Further, at a position adjacent to the downstream side of the distillation apparatus 30 on the barge 7, residual water 1 b (final residual hot water) from the evaporation chamber 24 located at the most downstream side of the distillation apparatus 30 is provided.
And a drainage tank 36 that can store the cooling seawater 27 from the downstream end of the cooling pipe 26 is provided at a position lower than the arrangement height of the cooling pipe 26, and at a position below the drainage tank 36, A fresh water tank 37 capable of storing fresh water 1a discharged from the condensation chamber 28 at the most downstream side of the distillation device 30 is provided.

In the drain tank 36, the steam 1 ′ introduced from above the steam generator 8 through the steam pipe 10 is provided.
A drain pump 38 for discharging the residual water 1b in the drain tank 36 and the seawater for cooling 27 out of the barge 7 by the power of the first steam turbine 12 driven by the Is driven by the second steam turbine 13 driven by the steam 1 ′ guided from above the steam generator 8 through the steam pipe 10.
A transport pump 39 for transporting the fresh water 1a therein to the land side via a transport pipe or the like (not shown) is provided.

The two steam turbines 12, 13
The discharged steam 1 ′ is guided to a condenser 40 that uses a part of the drainage of the drain pump 38 as a refrigerant, and is condensed. The condensed fresh water 1 a is discharged from the condenser 40. A fresh water tank 37 is provided via a collection pipe 41 circulated in the water tank 36.
Is to be led to.

In the drawing, reference numeral 42 denotes a demister for removing mist from the steam 1 ′ generated in the steam generator 8 and guiding the mist to the steam pipe 10. Reference numeral 43 denotes steam 1 generated in each evaporation chamber 24 of the distillation apparatus 30. A demister for removing the mist from the 'and guiding the mist to the condensation chamber 28 is shown.

The high-pressure hot water 1 spouted from the fracture 3 in the seabed 2 is collected by the hot water collector 5 and then guided to the sea through the heat insulating pipe 9 and then through the control valve 17. The steam is introduced into the steam generator 8 and decompressed to promote evaporation to generate a large amount of steam 1 ′. The steam 1 ′ is passed through the steam pipe 10 to the ejector 11 and the first steam turbine 12 , To the second steam turbine 13.

At this time, assuming that the distance from the sea surface 6 to the seabed 2 is 1000 m, the water pressure near the seabed 2 is 100K.
g / cm ² A, and the saturation temperature of seawater at this water pressure is about 310 ° C., so that the pressure of the hot water 1 that can be blown out from the fracture 3 of the seabed 2 against the water pressure is 115 kg.
/ Cm ² A or more, and the temperature is expected to be 320 ° C. or more. When this is collected by the hot water collector 5 and guided to the sea via the heat insulating pipe 9, the hot water 1 The pressure is about 10
13 Kg / cm ² A, the temperature is considered to be 180 to 190 ° C., and in the steam generator 8, steam having a pressure of 8 to 10 kg / cm ² A sufficient to drive the ejector 11 and the steam turbines 12, 13 at the subsequent stage It is possible to obtain 1 '.

The hot water 1 remaining inside the steam generator 8 is supplied to the water turbine 16 of the generator 15 through the heat insulating pipe 14 and the control valve 20. At this time, the hot water 1 is 7 to 9 kg.
/ Cm ² A, it is possible to generate electric power by driving the generator 15 by rotating the water wheel 16, and the electric power obtained by this electric power generation It is used as a power source for lighting and instrumentation.

The hot water 1 passed through the water wheel 16 of the generator 15 has a pressure of about 1.5 kg / cm ² G and a temperature of about 127 ° C.
It is introduced into the evaporating chamber 24 at the most upstream side of the distillation apparatus 30 through the heat insulating pipe 23, and is circulated while being sprayed sequentially through the plurality of evaporating chambers 24 on the downstream side through the spray holes 32 of the atomizer 33. The steam 1 ′ generated in each evaporation chamber 24 is guided to the respective condensation chamber 28 via the steam passage 25 and the seawater 27 guided via the cooling pipe 26. The heat exchange causes the fresh water 1a to be condensed into the fresh water 1a, and the fresh water 1a is guided to the fresh water tank 37 via the communication hole 34 at the bottom of each condensing chamber 28.

Further, residual water 1b (finally remaining hot water) discharged from the evaporation chamber 24 at the most downstream side of the distillation apparatus 30 and cooling seawater discharged from the downstream end of the cooling pipe 26 27 is stored in a drain tank 36.

The inert gas such as carbon dioxide and oxygen generated by the evaporation of the hot water 1 in each of the evaporation chambers 24 passes through an orifice (not shown) and is sequentially guided to the downstream evaporation chamber 24 having a lower pressure. Then, the liquid is sucked by the ejector 11 through the suction pipe 35 and exhausted.

Further, when the first steam turbine 12 is driven by the steam 1 ′ guided from above the steam generator 8 through the steam pipe 10, the steam turbine 12
The residual water 1b and the cooling seawater 27 in the drainage tank 36 are discharged to the outside of the barge 7 by the drainage pump 38 with the power.

When the second steam turbine 13 is driven by the steam 1 ′ guided from above the steam generator 8 through the steam pipe 10, the steam turbine 13
The fresh water 1a in the fresh water tank 37 is transported by the transport pump 39
Is transported to the land side.

The steam 1 ′ discharged from the steam turbines 12 and 13 is guided to a condenser 40 and condensed. The obtained fresh water 1 a is guided to a fresh water tank 37 via a recovery pipe 41.

Therefore, according to the above embodiment, it is not necessary to supply operating energy such as electric power and fuel from the land side, and the steam 1 ′ generated by the steam generator 8 and the generator 15 are not required.
It is possible to operate the seawater desalination facility using the electric power generated in the above, and to desalinate the seawater while supplying the operating energy independently from the land side.

The seawater desalination equipment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[0038]

According to the above-described seawater desalination equipment of the present invention, the power generated by the steam generated by the steam generator or the generator can be obtained without requiring the supply of operating energy such as electric power and fuel from the land side. It is possible to operate the seawater desalination facility by using the generated electric power, and it is possible to achieve an excellent effect that the seawater can be desalinated while operating energy is supplied independently from the land side.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a seawater desalination facility of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view of the distillation apparatus of FIG. 1 as viewed in the direction of arrows II-II.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hot water 1 'Steam 1a Fresh water 1b Residual water 2 Sea bottom 3 Crack 5 Hot water collector 6 Sea surface 7 Barge 8 Steam generator 9 Insulated piping 12 First steam turbine 13 Second steam turbine 15 Generator 16 Water turbine 24 Evaporation chamber 27 Seawater for cooling 28 Condensing chamber 30 Distillation device 38 Drainage pump 39 Transport pump

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-57-76213 (JP, A) JP-A-52-98675 (JP, A) JP-A-4-101075 (JP, A) JP-A-1- 155080 (JP, A) JP-A-61-277877 (JP, A) JP-A-48-37639 (JP, Y1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C02F 1/04 B01D 1 / 00 F03G 4/00

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A seawater desalination facility for conducting high-pressure hot water spouted from a crack formed on the seabed and distilling the hotwater onto the sea,
A hot water collector installed on the sea floor so as to surround the fracture and a hot water installed on a barge floating above the sea surface and guided from the hot water collector through the heat insulating pipe to evaporate under reduced pressure. A steam generator, a generator installed on the barge and generating electricity by guiding hot water from the lower part of the steam generator to rotate a water turbine, and a heat generator installed on the barge and passing through the generator Water is vaporized by sequentially circulating through a plurality of evaporating chambers and evaporating by reducing the pressure stepwise, and condensing the steam from the evaporating chambers by heat exchange with seawater in a plurality of condensing chambers corresponding to the respective evaporating chambers to produce fresh water And a drain pump that discharges residual water and cooling seawater from the distillation apparatus out of the boat with the power of a first steam turbine driven by steam guided from the top of the steam generation apparatus, The steam generator The second steam turbine power in the distillation apparatus fresh seawater desalination plants, wherein a and a transport pump for transporting outside barge from being driven by the steam led from the top of the device.