JP3229556B2 - Surface modification of aluminum castings - Google Patents

Surface modification of aluminum castings

Info

Publication number
JP3229556B2
JP3229556B2 JP34578996A JP34578996A JP3229556B2 JP 3229556 B2 JP3229556 B2 JP 3229556B2 JP 34578996 A JP34578996 A JP 34578996A JP 34578996 A JP34578996 A JP 34578996A JP 3229556 B2 JP3229556 B2 JP 3229556B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
probe
casting material
aluminum casting
aluminum
stir welding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP34578996A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH10183316A (en
Inventor
正敏 榎本
清司 田崎
直毅 西川
武典 橋本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Showa Denko KK
Original Assignee
Showa Denko KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP34578996A priority Critical patent/JP3229556B2/en
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Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding involving metallurgical change

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は、アルミニウム鋳
物材の表面改質法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for modifying the surface of an aluminum casting.

【０００２】なお、この明細書において、「アルミニウ
ム」の語はアルミニウム及びその合金を含む意味で、
「鋳物材」の語はダイカスト材を含む意味で用いる。[0002] In this specification, the term "aluminum" includes aluminum and its alloys.
The term "casting material" is used to include a die-cast material.

【０００３】[0003]

【従来の技術及び解決しようとする課題】例えば自動車
のエンジンブロックや、射出成形金型等は、成形の容易
性、コスト面等の理由からアルミニウム鋳物材で製作さ
れる場合が多い。2. Description of the Related Art For example, an engine block of an automobile, an injection mold, and the like are often made of an aluminum casting material because of ease of molding and cost.

【０００４】しかしながら、アルミニウム鋳物材は疲れ
強さに劣り、繰り返し荷重によって早期に破損し易いと
いう欠点があった。しかも、鋳肌表面の凹凸が著しいた
め、例えばエンジンブロックのコーナー部のような高応
力が作用する部位では応力集中による割れの起点となる
というような欠点もあった。[0004] However, the aluminum cast material has a disadvantage that it is inferior in fatigue strength and is easily damaged early by repeated load. In addition, since the surface of the casting surface is extremely uneven, there is a drawback that, for example, a portion where a high stress acts, such as a corner portion of an engine block, becomes a starting point of a crack due to stress concentration.

【０００５】この発明は、このような欠点を解消するた
めになされたものであって、疲れ強さに優れ、耐久性に
優れたアルミニウム鋳物材を提供することを目的とす
る。[0005] The present invention has been made in order to solve such a drawback, and an object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum casting material having excellent fatigue strength and excellent durability.

【０００６】[0006]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、この発明は、アルミニウム鋳物材の表面に摩擦撹拌
溶接処理を施すことにより、アルミニウム鋳物材の表面
を改質しようというものである。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is to improve the surface of an aluminum casting by subjecting the surface of the aluminum casting to friction stir welding.

【０００７】即ち、この発明は、アルミニウム鋳物材の
表面に、高速回転するプローブを接触させて摩擦熱にて
軟化させる摩擦撹拌溶接処理を施すことを特徴とするア
ルミニウム鋳物材の表面改質法を要旨とするものであ
る。That is, the present invention provides a method for modifying the surface of an aluminum casting material, which comprises subjecting a surface of the aluminum casting material to a friction stir welding process in which a high-speed rotating probe is brought into contact with the surface to soften by friction heat. It is an abstract.

【０００８】この発明において用いるアルミニウム鋳物
材の種類は限定されることはなく、純アルミニウム系、
Ａｌ−Ｓｉ系合金、Ａｌ−Ｍｇ系合金、Ａｌ−Ｃｕ−Ｓ
ｉ系合金、Ａｌ−Ｃｕ−Ｍｇ−Ｓｉ系合金、Ａｌ−Ｍｇ
−Ｓｉ系合金等のＪＩＳ規格アルミニウム鋳物材やその
他の鋳物材の中から、用途との関係で適宜選択使用すれ
ば良い。The type of the aluminum casting material used in the present invention is not limited.
Al-Si alloy, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Cu-S
i-based alloy, Al-Cu-Mg-Si based alloy, Al-Mg
It may be appropriately selected and used from JIS standard aluminum casting materials such as -Si alloys and other casting materials depending on the application.

【０００９】摩擦撹拌溶接処理は、高速回転するプロー
ブを用いて行うものである。図１に、摩擦撹拌溶接装置
を用いて溶接を行う場合の一例を示す。この装置は、径
大の円筒型支持体（１０）の端部軸線上に径小の円柱状
プローブ（１１）が突出して一体に設けられたものであ
り、支持体（１０）を高速回転させることによりプロー
ブ（１１）も同時に高速回転させうるものとなされてい
る。The friction stir welding process is performed using a probe that rotates at a high speed. FIG. 1 shows an example of a case where welding is performed using a friction stir welding apparatus. In this apparatus, a small-diameter cylindrical probe (11) protrudes and is integrally provided on an end axis of a large-diameter cylindrical support (10), and rotates the support (10) at high speed. As a result, the probe (11) can be simultaneously rotated at a high speed.

【００１０】前記プローブ（１１）は、アルミニウム鋳
物材（１）の表面に生じる摩擦熱によって鋳物材表面を
軟化し、自らは固体のまま移動しつつ軟化した鋳物材表
面を撹拌するものである。従って、その材質は、アルミ
ニウム鋳物材（１）よりも融点が高く、また硬度の高い
ものが好ましく、例えば溶接時に発生する摩擦熱に耐え
うる例えばＳＫＤ６１等によって形成されている。The probe (11) softens the surface of the casting material by frictional heat generated on the surface of the aluminum casting material (1), and agitates the softened casting material surface while moving as a solid. Therefore, the material is preferably higher in melting point and higher in hardness than the aluminum casting material (1), and is made of, for example, SKD61 or the like that can withstand frictional heat generated during welding.

【００１１】一方、前記支持体（１０）は、そのプロー
ブ突出側の端面（１０ａ）をアルミニウム鋳物材（１）
の表面に当接され、回転しながらアルミニウム鋳物材
（１）の表面上をプローブ（１１）とともに移動するも
のであり、プローブ（１１）の挿入部分から軟化した鋳
物材が飛散するのを防止する。従って、支持体（１０）
を構成する材料は、プローブ（１１）に匹敵する融点及
び硬度を備えた材質であることが好ましい。On the other hand, the supporting body (10) has an end face (10a) on the probe protruding side of the aluminum casting material (1).
And moves with the probe (11) on the surface of the aluminum casting material (1) while rotating, and prevents the softened casting material from scattering from the insertion portion of the probe (11). . Therefore, the support (10)
Is preferably a material having a melting point and hardness comparable to the probe (11).

【００１２】而して、この支持体（１０）のプローブ突
出側の端面（１０ａ）がアルミニウム鋳物材（１）の表
面に当接した状態で回転しつつ移動するから、軟化後冷
却固化したアルミニウム鋳物材におけるプローブ挿入部
分が支持体（１０）の移動に伴って研磨を受けたのと同
じになり、優れた表面平滑性が得られる。Since the end face (10a) of the support (10) on the probe projecting side moves while rotating while being in contact with the surface of the aluminum casting material (1), the aluminum solidified by cooling and solidifying after cooling. The probe insertion portion in the casting material is the same as that polished with the movement of the support (10), and excellent surface smoothness is obtained.

【００１３】上記の摩擦撹拌溶接装置を用いて、アルミ
ニウム鋳物材の表面における改質が必要な部位、特に応
力集中を生じ易いコーナー部や凹凸部に対して、撹拌溶
接処理を行う。具体的には、高速回転する摩擦撹拌溶接
装置のプローブ（１１）を、アルミニウム鋳物材（１）
の表面に接触させて接触部分を軟化可塑化させながら、
さらにプローブ（１１）を押し付けてプローブ（１１）
をアルミニウム鋳物材の内部に挿入していく。支持体
（１０）の端面（１０ａ）がアルミニウム鋳物材（１）
の表面に当接するまでプローブ（１１）を挿入する。Using the above-described friction stir welding apparatus, a stir welding process is performed on a portion of the surface of the aluminum casting material that requires modification, particularly on a corner portion or an uneven portion where stress concentration is likely to occur. Specifically, the probe (11) of the high-speed rotating friction stir welding apparatus is connected to an aluminum casting material (1).
While contacting the surface and softening and plasticizing the contact part,
Further press the probe (11) and press the probe (11)
Is inserted into the aluminum casting material. The end face (10a) of the support (10) is an aluminum casting material (1)
Probe (11) is inserted until it comes into contact with the surface of.

【００１４】そして、この状態で、表面改質の必要な範
囲に渡ってプローブ（１１）を移動させる。プローブの
回転により、プローブとの接触部分及びその周辺におい
て、アルミニウム鋳物材の表面が軟化撹拌されるととも
に、プローブ（１１）の移動に伴う離間によって、軟化
撹拌部分が冷却固化する。この現象がプローブ（１１）
の移動に伴って順次繰り返されていく。同時に、冷却固
化された鋳物材の表面が、支持体（１０）の端面（１０
ａ）によって擦られ、優れた表面平滑性が得られる。Then, in this state, the probe (11) is moved over a necessary range for the surface modification. The rotation of the probe causes the surface of the aluminum casting material to be softened and stirred in and around the contact portion with the probe, and the softened and stirred portion is cooled and solidified by the separation caused by the movement of the probe (11). This phenomenon is the probe (11)
Are sequentially repeated with the movement of. At the same time, the surface of the casting material solidified by cooling is applied to the end face (10) of the support (10).
a) and excellent surface smoothness can be obtained.

【００１５】ここに、アルミニウム鋳物材に対するプロ
ーブ（１１）の挿入深さが浅すぎると、表面改質が不十
分となり、深すぎても表面改質の効果は変わらないこと
から、プローブ（１１）の挿入深さは１〜３ｍｍに設定
するのが良い。また、プローブ（１１）の回転速度が小
さすぎると、アルミニウム鋳物材の軟化撹拌が困難とな
り、逆に大きすぎると、過度に撹拌してアルミニウム材
の飛散等を生じるため、プローブ（１１）の回転速度は
１０００〜２０００ｒｐｍに設定するのが良い。また、
プローブ（１１）の移動が遅すぎると効率が低下する一
方、速すぎると軟化撹拌が不十分となるため、プローブ
（１１）の移動速度は１０〜３０ｃｍ／分とするのが良
い。Here, if the insertion depth of the probe (11) into the aluminum casting material is too shallow, the surface modification becomes insufficient, and the effect of the surface modification does not change even if it is too deep. Is preferably set to 1 to 3 mm. On the other hand, if the rotational speed of the probe (11) is too low, it becomes difficult to soften and agitate the aluminum casting material. The speed is preferably set to 1000 to 2000 rpm. Also,
If the movement of the probe (11) is too slow, the efficiency is reduced, while if it is too fast, the softening and stirring becomes insufficient. Therefore, the moving speed of the probe (11) is preferably set to 10 to 30 cm / min.

【００１６】上記のような摩擦撹拌溶接処理によれば、
アルミニウム鋳物材の表面は溶融することなく、固相状
態のまま軟化撹拌して冷却硬化するから、表面を溶融し
て改質する場合に比べて、金属組織が微細となり、伸び
及び靭性が向上するとともに、疲れ強さが向上する。ま
た、表面を溶融して改質する場合のような、鋳物材の内
部ガスがブローホールを形成したりするような不都合も
ない。According to the friction stir welding process as described above,
Since the surface of the aluminum casting material is not melted but softened and stirred in a solid state and cooled and hardened, the metal structure becomes finer and the elongation and toughness are improved compared to the case where the surface is melted and modified. At the same time, fatigue strength is improved. In addition, there is no inconvenience that the internal gas of the casting material forms a blow hole as in the case of modifying the surface by melting.

【００１７】[0017]

【実施例】次に、この発明の実施例を説明する。Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

【００１８】ＪＩＳＡＣ４Ｃからなる縦２００ｍｍ×横
５０ｍｍ×肉厚１０ｍｍのアルミニウム鋳物材を鋳造し
た。An aluminum casting made of JISAC4C and having a length of 200 mm, a width of 50 mm and a thickness of 10 mm was cast.

【００１９】次に、該アルミニウム鋳物材の表面を、摩
擦撹拌溶接処理した。具体的には、図１に示した摩擦撹
拌溶接装置のプローブ（１１）を高速回転させた状態
で、アルミニウム鋳物材の表面に垂直に挿入するととも
に、支持体（１０）のプローブ側端面（１０ａ）をアル
ミニウム鋳物材表面に当接させた。プローブ（１１）は
ＳＫＤ６１からなるものを用いるとともに、プローブの
外径は２ｍｍ、回転速度は１５００ｒｐｍ、挿入深さは
２ｍｍとした。Next, the surface of the aluminum casting was subjected to friction stir welding. Specifically, while the probe (11) of the friction stir welding apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is rotated at a high speed, the probe (11) is vertically inserted into the surface of the cast aluminum material, and the probe-side end surface (10a) of the support (10) is formed. ) Was brought into contact with the surface of the aluminum casting material. The probe (11) used was made of SKD61, the outer diameter of the probe was 2 mm, the rotation speed was 1500 rpm, and the insertion depth was 2 mm.

【００２０】次いで、プローブ（１１）を、アルミニウ
ム鋳物材の表面全体に対して２０ｃｍ／分の速度で均一
に移動させた。Next, the probe (11) was moved uniformly at a speed of 20 cm / min over the entire surface of the cast aluminum material.

【００２１】こうして表面改質を行ったアルミニウム鋳
物材と、表面改質を行わなかったアルミニウム鋳物材に
つき、表面粗さ計により表面粗度（最大高さＲmax ）を
測定するとともに、引張と圧縮を交互に１０7 回繰り返
して、疲れ限度を測定した。The surface roughness (maximum height Rmax) of the aluminum casting material subjected to the surface modification in this way and the aluminum casting material not subjected to the surface modification is measured by a surface roughness meter, and the tension and compression are measured. repeated 10 7 times alternately, to measure the fatigue limit.

【００２２】その結果、表面改質を行った本発明実施品
は、Ｒmax ＝４．０μｍ、疲れ限度は１０．５ｋｇ／ｍ
ｍ2 であったのに対し、表面改質を行わなかった従来品
は、Ｒmax ＝６．４μｍ、疲れ限度は７．０ｋｇ／ｍｍ
2 であった。従って、本発明によれば、疲れ強さを向上
できることを確認し得た。As a result, the surface-modified product of the present invention had a Rmax of 4.0 μm and a fatigue limit of 10.5 kg / m.
Whereas was m 2, and the conventional product that did not perform the surface modification, Rmax = 6.4μm, the fatigue limit is 7.0kg / mm
Was 2 . Therefore, it was confirmed that the present invention can improve the fatigue strength.

【００２３】[0023]

【発明の効果】この発明は、上述の次第で、アルミニウ
ム鋳物材の表面に、高速回転するプローブを接触させて
摩擦熱にて軟化させる摩擦撹拌溶接処理を施すことを特
徴とするものであるから、アルミニウム鋳物材の表面を
溶融させることなく、固相状態のまま軟化撹拌して冷却
硬化させることができる。従って、摩擦撹拌溶接処理を
施した部位の金属組織を微細にでき、機械的強度を向上
できるとともに、疲れ強さを向上できる。その結果、ア
ルミニウム鋳物材からなる各種製品の耐久性を向上でき
る。また、摩擦撹拌溶接処理を施すことによって改質を
行うものであるから容易に実施でき、部材の一部分のみ
の表面改質も容易である。さらに、この表面改質は他の
材料を付与して行うものではないから、重量増加も生じ
ない。As described above, the present invention is characterized in that a friction stir welding process in which a probe rotating at a high speed is brought into contact with the surface of an aluminum casting material and softened by frictional heat is applied to the surface of the aluminum casting material. The aluminum casting material can be cooled and hardened by softening and stirring in a solid state without melting the surface of the aluminum casting material. Therefore, the metal structure at the portion subjected to the friction stir welding can be made finer, and the mechanical strength can be improved, and the fatigue strength can be improved. As a result, the durability of various products made of the aluminum casting material can be improved. In addition, since the modification is performed by performing friction stir welding, the modification can be easily performed, and the surface modification of only a part of the member can be easily performed. Further, since this surface modification is not performed by adding another material, there is no increase in weight.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】摩擦撹拌溶接装置を用いて処理を行っている状
態の斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state where processing is performed using a friction stir welding apparatus.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１…アルミニウム鋳物材 １１…プローブ 1: Aluminum casting material 11: Probe

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 橋本 武典 堺市海山町６丁224番地 昭和アルミニ ウム株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 平５−277840（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平１−208415（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平８−260116（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−193773（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平３−281058（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特表 平７−505090（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) B22D 29/00 C22F 1/04 F02F 1/00 B23K 20/12 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takenori Hashimoto 6,224, Kaiyamacho, Sakai City Inside Showa Aluminum Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-5-277840 (JP, A) JP-A-1-208415 (JP, A) JP-A-8-260116 (JP, A) JP-A-61-193773 (JP, A) JP-A-3-281058 (JP, A) Table 7-505090 (JP, A) ( 58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) B22D 29/00 C22F 1/04 F02F 1/00 B23K 20/12

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項１】 アルミニウム鋳物材の表面に、高速回転
するプローブを接触させて摩擦熱にて軟化させる摩擦撹
拌溶接処理を施すことを特徴とするアルミニウム鋳物材
の表面改質法。1. A method for modifying the surface of an aluminum casting material, which comprises subjecting a surface of the aluminum casting material to a friction stir welding process in which a probe rotating at a high speed is brought into contact with the surface to soften by friction heat.
JP34578996A 1996-12-25 1996-12-25 Surface modification of aluminum castings Expired - Fee Related JP3229556B2 (en)

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