JP3214760B2 - Breathable waterproof construction for heavy walking - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a building and a method of covering a building, and more particularly to a method of improving the durability of a waterproof layer by providing a breathable resin mortar layer when roof waterproofing is performed. The present invention relates to a breathable waterproof construction method for heavy walking combining a finishing layer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in coating an inorganic surface typified by a concrete or a stone of a building or a building with a polymer resin material, the coating material is affected by the moisture and volatile vapor of the base. Swelling, its function, durability,
It has caused problems with aesthetics. This solution requires complete removal of moisture by drying the groundwork, etc., but even with new construction, the weather conditions and construction period are not sufficient.
In addition, there is a construction surface which takes a long time to remove moisture, such as a concrete casting on a deck plate, and it is impossible to completely remove water contained in a construction base. In addition, conventional waterproofing construction methods often use a protective layer such as Cinder-Concrete, and this construction method is mainly used especially for heavy walking applications.
In the repairs using these press-protecting layers as a base, a large amount of water is often retained under the press-protecting layers, and it is impossible to completely remove the water contained in the base.

At present, most of the materials such as waterproof coatings and floor finishing coatings, which are frequently used in concrete structures, are made of confidential materials mainly composed of synthetic polymer materials. If this is done, the dissipation of water contained inside will be impeded and a sealed state will be created, and the moisture and volatile vapors contained in the construction base will evaporate during the warm season, especially in the summer, and the coating material and the construction base will be vaporized. It has been pointed out in many examples and literatures that a variety of adverse effects such as swelling of the coating film are raised as a representative example, and there is currently no decisive solution.

[0004]

As a countermeasure against blisters such as rooftop waterproofing, "Architectural Institute of Japan Standard Specification JASS8 waterproofing work" describes "waterproofing method with underlay cushioning material". This method has a ventilation effect in addition to a cushioning effect, and also has an effect of preventing blistering. However, the strength of the material used as a cushioning material is small, and it is not applicable to walking or heavy walking because of the floating construction method. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-45054 discloses, as a heat-insulating undercoat layer of a coating film, a coarse inorganic heat-insulating aggregate particle having a porous inside and a non-air-permeable and water-impermeable surface layer, Combination of a gas-permeable heat-insulating underlayer composed of a mixture of inorganic fine particles as a spreadability-imparting material and a polymer-based or non-permanent binder and a deaeration device continuously removes moisture from the concrete underlayer to the outside of the system. A way to care has been proposed. However, a special internal porous material and a surface non-permeable and non-permeable material are used for this air-permeable heat-insulating underlayer. Compressive strength is insufficient. Therefore, the application of the coating-type waterproof layer applied on the air-permeable heat-insulating base layer has been limited to non-walking or light walking. On the other hand, due to the problem of insufficient parking lots, etc., while the effective use of buildings and building roofs is being avoided, it is desired to establish a heavy walking waterproofing construction method that can withstand the traveling of cars with both ventilation performance and compressive strength. .

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a heavy walking waterproofing construction method having both ventilation performance and compressive strength and capable of withstanding the running of a car. Create a resin mortar layer, combine it with a waterproofing layer containing a reinforcing material, and apply a three-layer coating method consisting of a non-water-permeable resin mortar finish layer that has impact resistance and twist resistance to withstand heavy walking. Invented.

That is, the present invention relates to a method for coating an inorganic surface constituent material of a building or a building. 1) As a first layer, 5 to 12 parts by weight of an inorganic aggregate is mixed with 1 part by weight of a thermosetting resin. A base layer of a permeable resin mortar is installed together with a deaerator, 2) a waterproof coating layer containing a reinforcing material is applied as a second layer, and 3) a non-permeable resin mortar finish layer is applied as a third layer. With the function of continuously degassing moisture and volatile steam generated from the work surface, characterized by comprising
It is a breathable waterproof construction method for heavy walking. Examples of inorganic surface constituent materials of buildings and structures to which the present invention is applied include existing cast-in-place concrete (RC), precast concrete (PC), lightweight foam concrete (ALC), mortar, and the like. Cinder-concrete, granite, tile, brick, etc., as a pressing protective layer of the waterproof layer.

As the thermosetting resin applicable to the first layer of the air-permeable resin mortar base layer (hereinafter referred to as the base layer), generally, an unsaturated polyester resin, a urethane resin, an epoxy resin or the like can be used. Particularly preferred is an epoxy resin, which comprises a thermosetting epoxy resin having at least two epoxy groups in one component and a curing agent for epoxy. As the epoxy resin, for example, ether type bisphenol type epoxy resin, novolak type epoxy resin,
There are polyphenol type epoxy resin, aliphatic type epoxy resin, ester type aromatic epoxy resin, cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, ether ester type epoxy resin,
As the epoxy curing agent, an amine curing agent is generally used, and examples thereof include aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, polyamides, and heterocyclic amines. These epoxy resins can be diluted with a reactive diluent in consideration of workability, and can also adjust the viscosity of the resin and the curing speed. In addition, a silane coupling agent such as epoxy silane or amino silane may be added as an adhesion-imparting agent, depending on the type of inorganic material to be used as a base material for construction. The inorganic aggregate used in the present invention preferably has a relatively uniform particle size, and examples thereof include silica sand, spherical aggregate, glass beads, and ceramic silica sand. Silica sand is preferred from the viewpoint of economic efficiency and market availability, and No. 2 to 8 silica sand can be used, and particularly, No. 3 to 5 silica sand is preferable. It is appropriate that the mixing ratio of the aggregate and the thermosetting resin is about 1: 5 to 1:12 in terms of weight ratio. When the compounding ratio exceeds resin: aggregate = 1: 12, the ventilation performance is improved, but the compression strength required for heavy walking is insufficient. On the other hand, when the ratio is less than 1: 5, the air permeability is significantly impaired.
As the deaerator, all known commercially available products can be used.

[0008] A coating film-type waterproofing material used for the second coating film-type waterproofing layer (hereinafter referred to as a waterproofing layer) is described in JISA6021 "coating film waterproofing material for roof" which is generally commercially available. In addition to urethane rubber-based, acrylic rubber-based, chloroprene-based and rubber asphalt-based waterproofing materials, a soft unsaturated polyester resin waterproofing material can be used. A soft unsaturated polyester resin waterproofing material having both mechanical strength and flexibility to withstand water is preferred. The soft unsaturated polyester resin waterproofing material is an unsaturated polyester resin comprising an unsaturated polyester and an unsaturated monomer, and the terminal unsaturated acid content of the unsaturated polyester is 1 to 25 with respect to all carboxylic acid compounds. In terms of mole%, the composition refers to a composition or the like in which the unsaturated acid is a monocarboxylic acid and contains not more than 8 mole% of an unsaturated acid in the chain. The soft unsaturated polyester resin waterproofing material can be cured using an organic peroxide initiator in a usual manner. For example, when a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide curing agent is used, it cures in a short time even at a low temperature near 0 ° C. If the curing is easily hindered by oxygen in the air, an active isocyanate compound may be added.

The reinforcing material used for the second waterproofing layer is a material that reinforces the waterproofing layer in combination with the waterproofing coating material, has a reinforcing effect by being integrated well with the waterproofing material, and has dimensional stability. Excellent in construction and does not hinder construction, and usually, fiber products such as polyester are used. A non-water-permeable resin mortar finishing layer (hereinafter referred to as a finishing layer) used for the third layer can be made of any material that can withstand the running of a car and a high load. For example, various grades used for roads and the like can be used. Thermosetting resin such as asphalt concrete, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and inorganic aggregate, resin: aggregate = 1: 1
Water-impermeable resin mortar mixed to about 1: 4.

A description will be given of a typical construction method of a waterproof construction method having the ventilation function of the present invention and having impact resistance and abrasion resistance performance thus formed. The method of applying the first base layer is to mix a thermosetting resin and an aggregate mixed in a predetermined composition, and spread the mixture with a gold iron. If necessary, a thermosetting resin may be applied to the surface of the concrete floor plate in advance with a gold iron, a roller, a brush or the like in order to impart tackiness. When smoothness is required, it can be pressed flat with a rolling device such as a plastic roller. When the thermosetting resin hardens and reaches a state where a person can ride on it, a reinforcing material is put into a coating type waterproof material such as an unsaturated polyester resin, and the applied film is hardened to form a waterproof layer, and further a finishing layer is formed. Also,
When applying a coating material to be a coating film, a coating material is applied to the surface of the first layer of the present invention instead of directly applying the coating material to the surface of the first layer.
After applying the sealing film with a strike-like or other sealing material, a waterproof coating film may be provided. By installing a known deaerator at the terminal of the base adjustment layer construction surface, moisture, volatile steam,
It has the effect of promoting effective degassing and dissipation of moisture. With respect to each of these construction methods, any construction method can be used without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0011]

[Function] Moisture and volatile vapor generated from the floor plate surface such as a concrete base are diffused in all directions through a gap between aggregates in a first layer air-permeable resin mortar formed of a thermosetting resin and an inorganic aggregate. Then, the air is continuously exhausted from the deaerator installed as needed. This function disperses and eliminates the water vapor pressure generated by this function, so that the cause of the underlayer relating to blisters can be eliminated and the adhesion performance of the coating film can be maintained without being impaired. Also, the second waterproof layer cuts into the gap between the aggregates on the surface of the first layer of the breathable resin mortar, thereby enlarging the adhesive area,
In addition, the anchoring effect of the uneven structure can provide an adhesive force several times higher than usual. The first layer of the present invention is a heavy-walking type high-strength breathable resin mortar that sufficiently considers the compressive strength that is easily lost by providing a ventilation function. A three-layer construction method in which a second waterproof layer is applied on the first underlayer with balanced compressive strength, and a third non-permeable resin mortar finish layer for heavy walking is finally applied. It is assumed that.

[0012]

The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. Example 1 An epoxy resin was used as a thermosetting resin for the first layer (base layer), and a soft unsaturated polyester resin was used for the second layer (waterproof layer). JIS concrete flat plate (30
(0 × 300 × 60 mm) was dried in an 80 ° C. drier for 24 hours, and then cured in a 20-60 ° C. constant temperature and humidity chamber for 24 hours as a base. A 0.1 kg / m ² amount of a mixed solution obtained by mixing a predetermined amount of a thermosetting epoxy resin and a hardening agent is applied to the base with a brush, and immediately thereafter, an 8 times amount of silica sand is added to the epoxy mixed solution, Stir and mix the resin mortar with a gold iron 5mm
And pressed flat with a plastic roller. After 6 hours, a coating material obtained by blending a curing agent (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide) with a soft unsaturated polyester waterproofing material is used.
5 kg / m ^{2 was} applied, and at that time, a reinforcing material was incorporated and cured integrally. After curing, asphalt concrete for general pavement was further poured in at 30 mm. In addition, in order to confirm the air permeability of the underlayer, a test piece conforming to the ventilation resistance test between the underlayer and the above method is manufactured in accordance with the Architectural Institute of Japan standard specification JASS8 waterproofing work "Test method for evaluating the performance of the membrane waterproof layer". did. Further, since the compressive strength of only the first layer (underlying layer) is measured,
cm ² × 4cm ² × was applied to the mold of 4 cm ² the release agent was cured after demolding for 72 hours filled 20 ° C. in a mold the resin mortar and specimen, evaluated the following tests Table 1 shows the results.
It was shown to.

The materials used and the composition are as follows. (a) First layer (underlayer): binder / thermosetting epoxy resin (EP-4200, manufactured by Asahi Denka Co., Ltd.), curing agent (EH-220, manufactured by Asahi Denka Co., Ltd.) (b) : Inorganic aggregate / Dry silica sand (Tajimi product) No.4 silica sand (c) 〃: Mixing ratio / (a) :( b) = 1: 6 (weight ratio) (d) Second layer (waterproof layer): Soft Saturated polyester resin waterproofing material (MT Flex DN-2, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.) (e) Third layer (finishing layer): Asphalt concrete for general pavement The evaluation and measurement methods are as follows. It is. 1. Surface Observation at High Temperature A specimen having a waterproof layer and a finishing layer applied and cured on the base layer manufactured in Example 1 was heated at 110 ° C. for 3 hours in a high-temperature dryer.
Exposure and observe the blisters on the waterproof layer. 2. Adhesion strength This composition was applied to a thickness of 5.0 mm on a flat plate specified in JIS-A-5340 "Concrete flat plate for sidewalk", and a waterproof coating film was applied and cured, and a finishing layer was combined. An iron attachment having an adhesion area of 4 cm × 4 cm was attached to the specimen, the attachment was pulled at a speed of 50 mm / min, the maximum load was determined, and divided by the adhesion area to obtain the adhesion strength (kgf / cm ² ). 3. Compressive strength JIS-A-1182 "Polyester resin concrete
Test specimen size is 4cm
Cut out into a square prism of 4cm x 4cm, JIS-B-7733
The maximum load was calculated from the cross-sectional area of the specimen, and the compressive strength was 150 kgf / cm ²
The above was passed. 4. Permeability test According to the test method for air permeability between JASS8 base and 1 m
The pressure air of Aq was sent from the air inlet of the test body, the amount of outflow air per minute was read by a minute flow meter, and the average value of outflow was calculated.

Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the first layer of inorganic aggregate was No. 5 silica sand, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the inorganic aggregate of the first layer was ceramic silica sand and the finishing layer was a non-permeable resin mortar obtained by mixing an unsaturated polyester resin and No. 4 silica sand. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 4 No. 4 silica sand was used as the inorganic aggregate of the first layer, and the mixing ratio (c)
Was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (a) :( b) = 1: 6,
The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 No. 4 silica sand was used as the inorganic aggregate of the first layer, and the compounding ratio (c)
Was performed in the same manner as in Example 4 except that (a) :( b) = 1: 4, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 No. 4 silica sand was used as the inorganic aggregate of the first layer, and the compounding ratio (c)
Was performed in the same manner as in Example 4 except that (a) :( b) = 1: 13, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0019]

[0020]

[0021]

[Table 1]

[0022]

From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the underlayer has the effect of vaporizing moisture, vapor and other volatile components from the concrete and diffusing it in all directions. As a result, the pressure of water and water vapor from the concrete did not concentrate on one point of the coating film, and the danger of blistering of the coating film was eliminated. In addition, since the underlayer was given a compressive strength, the possibility of application development was widened. For example, it has become possible to use buildings and structures for rooftop parking in areas where it is difficult to secure a parking lot in an urban area.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-61-45054 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E04D 7/00 E04D 11/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A coating method for a building or an inorganic surface constituent material of a building, 1) as a first layer, a thermosetting resin 1
For parts by weight, silica sand, spherical aggregate, glass beads,
At least one inorganic aggregate selected from Mick silica sand
下地 12 parts by weight of a permeable resin mortar base layer mixed with a deaerator, 2) a coating-type waterproof layer containing a reinforcing material as a second layer, 3) non-water-permeable resin mortar finish as a third layer A breathable waterproofing method for heavy walking, which has a function to continuously deaerate moisture and volatile steam generated from the surface to be processed, characterized by comprising the steps of: 2. The breathable waterproof structure for heavy walking according to claim 1, wherein the thermosetting resin is at least one thermosetting resin selected from unsaturated polyester resins, urethane resins and epoxy resins. 3. The breathable waterproof structure for heavy walking according to claim 1, wherein the thermosetting resin comprises an epoxy resin having at least two epoxy groups in one molecule and a curing agent for epoxy. 4. The breathable waterproofing for heavy walking according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the coating type waterproofing material used for the coating type waterproofing layer containing a reinforcing material is a soft unsaturated polyester resin waterproofing material. Construction method.