JP3213399B2 - Charging method - Google Patents
Charging methodInfo
- Publication number
- JP3213399B2 JP3213399B2 JP24194792A JP24194792A JP3213399B2 JP 3213399 B2 JP3213399 B2 JP 3213399B2 JP 24194792 A JP24194792 A JP 24194792A JP 24194792 A JP24194792 A JP 24194792A JP 3213399 B2 JP3213399 B2 JP 3213399B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- charging
- battery
- secondary battery
- constant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、二次電池（特に非水系
の二次電池）の充電方法に関し、特に、二次電池を急速
充電する場合に有効な充電方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for charging a secondary battery (especially a non-aqueous secondary battery), and more particularly to a charging method effective for rapidly charging a secondary battery.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】繰り返し使用できる二次電池の中でも、
非水系二次電池であるリチウムイオン二次電池は、電池
電圧が高く（例えば４．１Ｖ）、高エネルギー密度が得
られ、かつサイクル特性に優れている。このような非水
系二次電池を充電する方法として、特開平２−１９２６
７０号公報に示されたように、定電流（または準定電
流）・定電圧充電方法がある。2. Description of the Related Art Among secondary batteries that can be used repeatedly,
A lithium ion secondary battery, which is a nonaqueous secondary battery, has a high battery voltage (for example, 4.1 V), a high energy density, and excellent cycle characteristics. As a method of charging such a non-aqueous secondary battery, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 70, there is a constant current (or quasi-constant current) / constant voltage charging method.
【０００３】斯る充電方法によれば、まず、二次電池の
電池電圧が充電電源の定電圧値より低い場合、定電流
（または準定電流）により、二次電池の充電が行われ、
電池電圧は次第に上昇する。そして、電池電圧が所定電
圧（例えば、４．１Ｖ）に達すると、以後、この電圧値
により制限された定電圧充電が行われる。この定電圧充
電が進むと、充電電流は次第に減少し、そして、充電電
流が所定値まで減少すると、充電が終了する。According to such a charging method, first, when the battery voltage of the secondary battery is lower than the constant voltage value of the charging power source, the secondary battery is charged by a constant current (or quasi-constant current),
Battery voltage gradually increases. When the battery voltage reaches a predetermined voltage (for example, 4.1 V), constant-voltage charging limited by this voltage value is performed thereafter. As the constant voltage charging proceeds, the charging current gradually decreases, and when the charging current decreases to a predetermined value, the charging ends.
【０００４】こうした非水系二次電池の充電において、
急速充電を行おうとした場合、初期における定電流（ま
たは準定電流）充電の電流値を大きくすることが考えら
れる。In charging such a non-aqueous secondary battery,
When performing quick charging, it is conceivable to increase the current value of constant current (or quasi-constant current) charging in the initial stage.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、電流値
を大きくして急速充電を行う場合には、電流値の増加に
伴って、充電器側の定格出力を大きくする必要があり、
充電器の大型化及びコストアップを招く。更に、熱的要
因による充電器及び二次電池の信頼性の低下等の悪影響
も生じる。また、大電流の印加により、二次電池の性能
劣化が生じる恐れもある。However, when performing rapid charging by increasing the current value, it is necessary to increase the rated output on the charger side as the current value increases.
This causes an increase in the size and cost of the charger. Furthermore, adverse effects such as a decrease in the reliability of the charger and the secondary battery due to thermal factors also occur. In addition, application of a large current may cause performance degradation of the secondary battery.
【０００６】そこで、本発明は、こうした充電器の大型
化、コストアップ及び信頼性低下と、二次電池の信頼性
低下及び性能劣化を招くことなく、非水系二次電池の急
速充電を行うことを目的とする。Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for rapidly charging a non-aqueous secondary battery without increasing the size, increasing the cost and reducing the reliability of the battery charger, and reducing the reliability and performance of the secondary battery. With the goal.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の充電方法は、被
充電電池の電池電圧が第１の電圧に達するまでの定電流
充電または準定電流充電と、前記電池電圧が前記第１の
電圧から第２の電圧に低下するまでの充電休止とを繰り
返し行い、前記充電休止の期間が所定値以上になると、
前記第２の電圧で定電圧充電を行うことを特徴とする。According to the charging method of the present invention, a constant current charge or a quasi-constant current charge until the battery voltage of the battery to be charged reaches the first voltage; Is repeated until the voltage drops to the second voltage, and when the period of the charging suspension is equal to or longer than a predetermined value,
The constant voltage charging is performed at the second voltage.
【０００８】[0008]
【作用】本発明によれば、被充電電池の充電が開始され
ると、被充電電池の電池電圧が、第１の電圧に達するま
で、定電流充電（または準定電流充電）が行われる。第
１の電圧に達すると、充電が休止される。この休止は、
被充電電池の電池電圧が第１の電圧より低い第２の電圧
に低下するまで継続される。その後、第１の電圧に達す
るまでの定電流充電（または順定電流充電）と充電休止
とが繰り返し行われる。According to the present invention, when charging of the battery to be charged is started, constant current charging (or quasi-constant current charging) is performed until the battery voltage of the battery to be charged reaches the first voltage. When the first voltage is reached, charging is paused. This pause,
The operation is continued until the battery voltage of the battery to be charged drops to the second voltage lower than the first voltage. Thereafter, constant current charging (or forward constant current charging) until the first voltage is reached and charging suspension are repeatedly performed.
【０００９】ここで、第２の電圧は、被充電電池におけ
る最適な電圧である。従って、被充電電池を第２の電圧
より高い第１の電圧まで充電することは、被充電電池に
とって、副反応が生じる好ましくないことであるが、本
発明では、斯る充電動作を被充電電池の充電初期に行う
と共に、その後に休止動作を設けることにより、前記副
反応を十分に抑制している。Here, the second voltage is an optimum voltage in the battery to be charged. Therefore, charging the battery to be charged to the first voltage higher than the second voltage is undesirable for the battery to be charged to cause a side reaction. However, in the present invention, such charging operation is performed by the battery to be charged. The side reaction is sufficiently suppressed by performing at the initial stage of the charging of the battery and providing a resting operation thereafter.
【００１０】そして、充電休止の期間が、予め設定され
た時間以上になると、被充電電池は、第２の電圧により
定電圧充電される。[0010] When the charging suspension period is equal to or longer than a preset time, the battery to be charged is charged at a constant voltage with the second voltage.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】図１は本発明の一実施例を示すブロック回路
図であり、図示しない商用ＡＣ電源からの交流電圧は、
入力フィルタ１、スイッチング部２、変換トランス３及
び整流・平滑回路４を経て直流化され、この直流電圧
は、スイッチ手段５を介して充電が行われる二次電池６
の陽極端子に供給される。二次電池６の陰極端子には、
充電電流検出用の抵抗７が接続されており、二次電池６
と抵抗７との接続点から取り出された充電電流は、出力
制御回路８に供給される。出力制御回路８には、充電中
の二次電池６の端子電圧も供給される。出力制御回路８
は、充電電流及び電池電圧に基づく制御信号を、フォト
カプラ９を介して制御回路１０に供給する。制御回路１
０は前記制御信号に応答し、スイッチング部２を制御
し、二次電池６に供給される直流出力を制御する。FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
DC is passed through the input filter 1, the switching unit 2, the conversion transformer 3, and the rectifying / smoothing circuit 4, and this DC voltage is charged through the switch means 5 to the secondary battery 6.
Is supplied to the anode terminal. The cathode terminal of the secondary battery 6
A resistor 7 for detecting a charging current is connected to the secondary battery 6.
The charging current extracted from the connection point between the resistor and the resistor 7 is supplied to the output control circuit 8. The output control circuit 8 is also supplied with the terminal voltage of the secondary battery 6 being charged. Output control circuit 8
Supplies a control signal based on the charging current and the battery voltage to the control circuit 10 via the photocoupler 9. Control circuit 1
0 controls the DC output supplied to the secondary battery 6 by controlling the switching section 2 in response to the control signal.
【００１２】制御用演算回路１１は、マイクロコンピュ
ータ等で構成されており、充電中の二次電池６の端子電
圧が供給される。制御用演算回路１１は、二次電池６の
端子電圧に応答し、出力制御回路８に対し、定電流充電
または定電圧充電を切り替え制御する制御信号を出力す
る。更に、制御用演算回路１１は、タイマー１２の動作
を制御する。The control arithmetic circuit 11 is composed of a microcomputer or the like, and is supplied with a terminal voltage of the secondary battery 6 being charged. The control arithmetic circuit 11 responds to the terminal voltage of the secondary battery 6 and outputs to the output control circuit 8 a control signal for controlling switching between constant current charging and constant voltage charging. Further, the control arithmetic circuit 11 controls the operation of the timer 12.
【００１３】尚、定電流充電に代えて、準定電流充電も
可能であるが、本実施例では定電流充電を用いた場合に
ついて説明する。Although quasi-constant current charging is possible in place of constant current charging, this embodiment describes a case where constant current charging is used.
【００１４】図２は、本実施例の充電動作を制御するフ
ローチャートであり、図３は二次電池６の電池電圧Ｖ及
び充電電流Ｉを示す特性図である。FIG. 2 is a flowchart for controlling the charging operation of this embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the battery voltage V and the charging current I of the secondary battery 6.
【００１５】本実施例によれば、まず、商用ＡＣ電源か
らの交流電圧が、入力フィルタ１、スイッチング部２、
変換トランス３及び整流・平滑回路４を経て直流化さ
れ、この直流化された定電流は、スイッチ手段５を介し
て二次電池６に供給され、二次電池６は定電流充電され
る（Ｓ１）。斯る充電が開始されると、二次電池６の電
池電圧Ｖが検出され（Ｓ２）、電池電圧Ｖが、第１の電
圧Ｖ１に到達したか否かが判断される（Ｓ３）。この第
１の電圧Ｖ１は、二次電池６の最適電圧（即ち、後述す
る第２の電圧）より若干高い電圧に設定されている。According to this embodiment, first, the AC voltage from the commercial AC power supply is supplied to the input filter 1, the switching unit 2,
The DC is passed through the conversion transformer 3 and the rectifying / smoothing circuit 4, and the DC is supplied to the secondary battery 6 via the switch means 5, and the secondary battery 6 is charged at a constant current (S1). ). When such charging is started, the battery voltage V of the secondary battery 6 is detected (S2), and it is determined whether the battery voltage V has reached the first voltage V1 (S3). The first voltage V1 is set to a voltage slightly higher than the optimum voltage of the secondary battery 6 (that is, a second voltage described later).
【００１６】今、二次電池６の電圧が第１の電圧Ｖ１に
達すると、制御用演算回路１１は、スイッチ手段５をオ
フ状態とし、二次電池６の充電を休止する（Ｓ４）と共
に、タイマー１２を起動し、休止期間の計時を開始する
（Ｓ５）。タイマー１２による計時開始後、この計時時
間Ｔが予め設定された時間ＴAを経過しない間（Ｓ
６）、制御用演算回路１１は、二次電池６の電池電圧Ｖ
を監視している（Ｓ７）。Now, when the voltage of the secondary battery 6 reaches the first voltage V1, the control arithmetic circuit 11 turns off the switch means 5 to suspend the charging of the secondary battery 6 (S4). The timer 12 is started, and the counting of the suspension period is started (S5). After the time measurement by the timer 12 is started, while the time measurement time T does not exceed the preset time TA (S
6), the control arithmetic circuit 11 calculates the battery voltage V of the secondary battery 6
Is monitored (S7).
【００１７】そして、前記充電の休止に伴い、電池電圧
Ｖが、第１の電圧Ｖ１から、二次電池６の最適電圧であ
る第２の電圧Ｖ２（例えば、４．１Ｖ）に低下したか否
かが判断される（Ｓ８）。二次電池６の電池電圧Ｖが第
２の電圧Ｖ２に低下すると、制御用演算回路１１は、ス
イッチ手段５をオンし、再び、定電流充電（Ｓ１）が開
始され、以後、Ｓ１〜Ｓ８のステップが繰り返される。
その結果、二次電池６は、電池電圧Ｖが第１の電圧Ｖ１
と第２の電圧Ｖ２との間を往復する状態のヒステリシス
充電されることとなる。Then, with the suspension of the charging, whether the battery voltage V has dropped from the first voltage V1 to a second voltage V2 (for example, 4.1 V) which is the optimum voltage of the secondary battery 6 or not. Is determined (S8). When the battery voltage V of the secondary battery 6 drops to the second voltage V2, the control arithmetic circuit 11 turns on the switch means 5, and the constant current charging (S1) is started again. The steps are repeated.
As a result, the secondary battery 6 has a battery voltage V of the first voltage V1.
And the second voltage V2.
【００１８】このヒステリシス充電が進み、二次電池６
の充電容量が増大するに従い、二次電池６の電池電圧Ｖ
が、第１の電圧Ｖ１から第２の電圧Ｖ２に低下する時間
（即ち、タイマー１２の計時時間Ｔ）は、徐々に長くな
り、遂には、予め設定された時間ＴAを越える。これが
ステップＳ６で検知されると、制御用演算回路１１は、
出力制御回路８に対して定電流充電から定電圧充電に変
更するよう信号を出力する。よって、二次電池６は、以
後、第２の電圧Ｖ２により定電圧充電されることとなる
（Ｓ９）。This hysteresis charging proceeds, and the secondary battery 6
As the charging capacity of the secondary battery 6 increases, the battery voltage V of the secondary battery 6 increases.
However, the time during which the voltage drops from the first voltage V1 to the second voltage V2 (that is, the time T measured by the timer 12) gradually increases, and finally exceeds a preset time TA. When this is detected in step S6, the control arithmetic circuit 11
A signal is output to the output control circuit 8 so as to change from constant current charging to constant voltage charging. Therefore, the secondary battery 6 is thereafter charged at a constant voltage by the second voltage V2 (S9).
【００１９】この定電圧充電は、定電圧充電開始時か
ら、または充電開始時から所定時間Ｔ0が経過するまで
継続され（Ｓ１０）、所定時間Ｔ0が経過すると、充電
は自動的に終了する（Ｓ１１）。The constant voltage charging is continued from the start of the constant voltage charging or until a predetermined time T0 elapses from the start of the charging (S10). When the predetermined time T0 elapses, the charging is automatically terminated (S11). ).
【００２０】以上のように、本実施例によれば、二次電
池６は、電池電圧ＶがＶ１に達するまでの定電流充電と
電池電圧Ｖが第１の電圧Ｖ１から第２の電圧Ｖ２に低下
するまでの充電休止とを繰り返すヒステリシス充電と、
第２の電圧Ｖ２での定電圧充電を経て、充電されること
となる。As described above, according to this embodiment, the secondary battery 6 is charged at a constant current until the battery voltage V reaches V1, and the battery voltage V is changed from the first voltage V1 to the second voltage V2. Hysteresis charging that repeats the charging pause until it decreases,
The battery is charged through constant voltage charging at the second voltage V2.
【００２１】ところで、二次電池６の電池電圧Ｖが第１
の電圧Ｖ１になるまでの定電流充電と充電休止とを繰り
返すヒステリシス充電は、充電しようとする二次電池６
の残存容量に応じて制御するのが好ましい。即ち、二次
電池６の残存容量が少ない場合は、本実施例のように、
前記ヒステリシス充電を行い、一方、二次電池６の残存
容量が多い（即ち、満充電に近い）場合には、意図的に
急速充電しなくても充電時間は短く、更に、満充電に近
い二次電池６を第１の電圧Ｖ１まで充電すれば、二次電
池６に副反応を発生させる恐れがある。従って、二次電
池６の残存容量が多い場合は、ヒステリシス充電に代え
て、電池電圧が第２の電圧に達するまでの定電流充電を
行い、その後、第２の電圧Ｖ２での定電圧充電に移行す
るのが良い。Incidentally, when the battery voltage V of the secondary battery 6
The hysteresis charging in which the constant current charging and the charging pause until the voltage V1 of the secondary battery reaches the voltage V1 is repeated.
Is preferably controlled in accordance with the remaining capacity of. That is, when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 6 is small, as in this embodiment,
When the hysteresis charging is performed and the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 6 is large (that is, close to full charge), the charging time is short without intentionally performing rapid charging, and the secondary battery 6 is charged close to full charge. If the secondary battery 6 is charged to the first voltage V1, a side reaction may occur in the secondary battery 6. Therefore, when the remaining capacity of the secondary battery 6 is large, constant-current charging until the battery voltage reaches the second voltage is performed instead of hysteresis charging, and then, constant-voltage charging at the second voltage V2 is performed. Good to move.
【００２２】更に、本実施例では、定電圧充電は、定電
圧充電開始時から、または充電開始時から所定時間Ｔ0
が経過すると自動的に終了するようにしているが、これ
に限らず、定電圧充電中の充電電流が、ある値より小さ
くなったことが検出されると、定電圧充電を自動的に終
了するようにしてもよい。または、定電圧充電は自動的
に終了せず、継続して行っても良い。Further, in this embodiment, the constant voltage charging is performed for a predetermined time T0 from the start of the constant voltage charging or from the start of the charging.
Is automatically terminated when the time has elapsed. However, the present invention is not limited to this. When it is detected that the charging current during constant voltage charging has become smaller than a certain value, constant voltage charging is automatically terminated. You may do so. Alternatively, the constant voltage charging may be continuously performed without automatically ending.
【００２３】[0023]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、被充電電池の電池電圧
が第１の電圧に達するまでの定電流充電または準定電流
充電と、前記電池電圧が前記第１の電圧から第２の電圧
に低下するまでの充電休止とを繰り返し行い、前記充電
休止の期間が所定値以上になると、前記第２の電圧で定
電圧充電を行うので、充電器の大型化、コストアップ及
び信頼性低下と、二次電池の信頼性低下及び性能劣化を
招くことなく、非水系二次電池の急速充電を行うことが
できる。According to the present invention, constant current charging or quasi-constant current charging until the battery voltage of the battery to be charged reaches the first voltage, and the battery voltage is changed from the first voltage to the second voltage Is repeatedly performed until the battery voltage drops to a predetermined value, and when the period of the charging pause becomes equal to or longer than a predetermined value, constant voltage charging is performed at the second voltage. In addition, the non-aqueous secondary battery can be rapidly charged without lowering the reliability and performance of the secondary battery.
【図１】本発明の一実施例を示すブロック回路図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の一実施例の動作を示すフローチャート
である。FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of one embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の一実施例における電池電圧及び充電電
流を示す特性図である。FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing a battery voltage and a charging current in one embodiment of the present invention.
５ スイッチ手段 ６ 二次電池 ８ 出力制御回路 １１ 制御用演算回路 １２ タイマー Reference Signs List 5 switch means 6 secondary battery 8 output control circuit 11 control arithmetic circuit 12 timer
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) H02J 7/00 - 7/10 H01M 10/44 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. 7 , DB name) H02J 7/ 00-7/10 H01M 10/44
Claims (1)
するまでの定電流充電または準定電流充電と、前記電池
電圧が前記第１の電圧から第２の電圧に低下するまでの
充電休止とを繰り返し行い、前記充電休止の期間が所定
値以上になると、前記第２の電圧で定電圧充電を行うこ
とを特徴とする充電方法。1. A constant current charge or a quasi-constant current charge until a battery voltage of a battery to be charged reaches a first voltage, and a charge until the battery voltage decreases from the first voltage to a second voltage. And charging is performed at a constant voltage at the second voltage when the period of the charging suspension is equal to or longer than a predetermined value.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24194792A JP3213399B2 (en) | 1992-09-10 | 1992-09-10 | Charging method |
| US08/111,976 US5442274A (en) | 1992-08-27 | 1993-08-26 | Rechargeable battery charging method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24194792A JP3213399B2 (en) | 1992-09-10 | 1992-09-10 | Charging method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0698472A JPH0698472A (en) | 1994-04-08 |
| JP3213399B2 true JP3213399B2 (en) | 2001-10-02 |
Family
ID=17081941
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24194792A Expired - Fee Related JP3213399B2 (en) | 1992-08-27 | 1992-09-10 | Charging method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3213399B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3767068B2 (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 2006-04-19 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Secondary battery charging device and charging method |
| JP3583926B2 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2004-11-04 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Rechargeable battery charging method |
| JP4499966B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2010-07-14 | 株式会社リコー | Secondary battery charging circuit |
| JP4502554B2 (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2010-07-14 | 株式会社リコー | Secondary battery charging circuit |
| JP4479760B2 (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2010-06-09 | ソニー株式会社 | Charging apparatus and charging method |
| JP5584438B2 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2014-09-03 | アペックスエナジー株式会社 | Charging method and charger |
| KR101502230B1 (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Charging method of battery and battery charging system |
-
1992
- 1992-09-10 JP JP24194792A patent/JP3213399B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0698472A (en) | 1994-04-08 |
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